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English Issue Biogas Journal | Spring_2021 ergy, 2013) on “Process Monitoring in Bio gas Plants”, however one that is commercially available with freely adjustable titration points. The VOA equivalent GC value determined in the test should in no case be smaller than the buffer capacity (usually the latter should be four times greater), as the biogas reactor would acidify. Diagrams 3 and 4 show process monitoring at a typical agricultural biogas plant (2.5 MW el, install ) with 70 percent maize, 30 percent liquid manure, dung and grain waste over a period of ten months. They show that the VOA Nordmann/TIC Nordmann (red) never falls below 0.25, and partly rise from 0.4 to 0.5 due to imbalances. The VOA Equ GC values (converted to total acetic acid equivalents) react parallel to that. To make the curves lie directly above each other for better comparison, the VOA Equ GC/TIC was added by 0.3. The pH merely value fluctuated between 7.75 and 8.0, and the TIC value moved from 15,000 to 25,000 mg CaCO 3 equivalent per liter (see Diagram 3). The quantitative fatty acid pattern through gas chromatography would supply even more information for the biology, in this case particularly the propionic acid or the ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid (PA/AA) as a marker (see Diagram 4). Butyric acid, that can be split into two acetic acid molecules, occurs comparatively seldom, like valerian acid (C 5 ) or caproic acid (C 6 ) and is thus not shown. A high acetic acid level with low propionic acid AA/PA = between 5 and 10 to 1 (AA>1,000 mg/l) may indicate a deficiency in micronutrients. However, biogas plants are particularly at risk from propionic acid, which is difficult to degrade. Therefore the PA/AA ratio was selected here. To make sure that the PA/AA ratio provides useful, unambiguous results, it is important to take into account that a division by zero is not mathematically defined. That means that the concentration of acetic acid has to be greater than zero [AA]>0. Furthermore, a visually more balanced interpretation of the measurement results in the diagrams is shown if the low concentrations are hidden, so that the following applies: THERM Our performance – Your success Exhaust gas heat exchangers Steam generators Gas coolers / Gas heaters Special applications Additional components Energiepark 26/28 D-91732 Merkendorf / Germany +49 9826-65 889-0 info@enkotherm.de www.enkotherm.de I. [AA]: (0 ; 200] = { C ∈ R : 0 < C ≤ 200} II. [PA]: [0 ; 150] = { C ∈ R : 0 ≤ C ≤ 150} The defined limits of 200 mg/l acetic acid (AA) and 150 mg/l propionic acid (PA) proved to be reliable. In order to counteract any bias in the result, an amplification of peaks with low propionic acid concentrations proved to be useful, III. PA
Biogas Journal | Spring_2021 English Issue COMPONENTS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS QUALITY FROM RESPONSIBILITY ■ Agitators for digesters with roof and wall installation Robust and powerful construction energy-saving + highly efficient. ■ Separator for biogas plants Mobile and fixed installations ■ Panorama windows ■ Pump technology PAULMICHL GmbH Kisslegger Straße 13 88299 Leutkirch Tel. 0 75 63/84 71 Fax 0 75 63/80 12 www.paulmichl-gmbh.de HYDROGEN SULFIDE ? IMPROVED EFFECTIVENESS NEW FORMULAS ! Internal Desulfurization ® FerroSorp DG External Desulfurization FerroSorp ® S Just biogas, what else? • 25 years of biogas experience, worldwide • more than 150 projects from Chile to China • for agriculture, food industry, sewage treatment plants and municipalities • planning and construction from a single source • – the solution for poultry manure Tel.: +49 351 467-1301 info@aev-energy.de www.aev-energy.de Phone: 0049 30 84 71 85 50 www.ferrosorp.de Spiralo® Hydromixer Schwanko Steverding Agitator Technology Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 41 48703 Stadtlohn | Germany Tel. +49 2563 2088841 Mail info@rt-st.de www.ruehrwerkstechnik-steverding.de/en Long shaft agitator Vertical agitators Plug-flow agitator 33
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