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23 NUTRITION RESEARCH HOW NUTRITION CAN INFLUENCE OUR HEALTH Many people have heard, “nutrition is important,” just like many people have heard, “eating fruits and vegetables is good for you”. But beyond that, do most people know why nutrition is important? One reason nutrition is so important is that adhering to healthy dietary patterns (as well as other lifestyle factors like physical activity, stress management, and proper rest) can help prevent the development of many chronic diseases. The major diet-related chronic diseases are diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer.1 By following a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low and nonfat dairy, one can reduce the risks of developing these diseases. Although it’s important to note that diet isn’t the only factor that leads to chronic disease development, it is one of the factors that we have the most control over. By: Haley Brock
24 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure and is the primary cause of mortality, disability, and morbidity in developed countries.2 Risk factors for CVD are high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, inflammation, and hypercholesterolemia.2 Several studies show that those who eat diets rich in fish and nutrient-dense minimally processed plant foods have a lower risk of developing those risk factors and CVD.2 In addition, the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and some phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that can reduce the risk of developing CVD.2 Omega-3 fatty acids are found in plant oils, nuts and seeds, and fish. Phytochemicals are naturally-occurring compounds found in plants and plant foods like vegetables and plant oils. The Mediterranean diet, which recommends high consumption of grains, legumes, fruits, nuts, and vegetables and limited meat consumption, can decrease the risk of developing CVD by about 20- 25%.3 As of 2018, 34.2 million people of all ages (10.5% of the US population) had diabetes.4 Risk factors for diabetes include family history, genetics, age, race or ethnicity, inactivity, high blood pressure, and dietary patterns. Research shows that
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