The Use of AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications with Culverts
The Use of AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications with Culverts
The Use of AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications with Culverts
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Soil-Structure Soil Structure Interaction Factor<br />
Pipe<br />
�� “Standard installations for both<br />
embankments and trenches shall be<br />
designed for positive projection,<br />
embankment loading g conditions where F e<br />
shall be taken as the vertical arching factor,<br />
VAF, specified specified p in Table 12.10.2.1 12.10.2.1-3 3 for<br />
each type <strong>of</strong> standard installation.”<br />
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