The Kallos Family Book 2022

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vi • THE KALLOS FAMILYAcknowledgementsMy thanks and much appreciation go to thefollowing people.§ Barbara Lorber (née Kallos), Netanya, Israel.§ Adalbert Huber, researcher, Uzhhorod,Ukraine.§ Judit Kegly, translator (Hungarian to English)and researcher, Melbourne, Australia. Thankyou Judit for your translations, research andsupport.§ Bev Blode, photographs administrativeassistant, Melbourne, Australia.§ Timorah Perel and Yuval Naor, Yad Vashem,Israel.§ Alyn Bessman, archivist (ret.), NeuengammeConcentration Camp Memorial, Germany.§ Karsten Dölger, historian, Plön, Germany.§ Hartmut Oberstech, second in charge of thevoluntary group that maintains Lübberstedt-Bilohe, a sub camp of Neuengammeconcentration camp, Germany.§ Tiki Eyon, Tivon, Israel.§ Hagit Bar-On, Sydney, Australia.§ Elza Just, Melbourne, Australia.§ Mindu Hornick, Birmingham, UK.§ Helen Kamil, Melbourne, Australia. Thankyou, Helen, for your informative emails andsupport.§ Jake Livni, Jerusalem, Israel. Thank you somuch Jake for your time and valuable help.§ Yoram Eldar translator (Hebrew to English),Melbourne, Australia.§ Tomer Appelbaum photojournalist who tookphotos of Beit Máramaros.§ Simon Tabak, London, UK.§ Hilary and Robert Roscoe, London, UK.§ Mark Carter, graphic designer, who designedand prepared the page artwork for print.§ Sandra Goldbloom Zurbo, my editor. Thankyou for your professionalism, guidance andpatience.
• 1IntroductionMAP RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET.ŤačovoAt the end of World War 1, The CzechoslovakRepublic was created in 1918 from the defeatedand collapsed Austro–Hungarian empire. Its eastern-mostprovince, Sub Carpathian Ruthenia,only became a part of the republic in June 1920.Ťačovo, a small town in Sub CarpathianRuthenia, was reoccupied by Hungary, an ally ofGermany, in March 1939; then, in March 1944 itwas occupied by the Germans. It is in this areathat the Kallos family history resides.In the last one hundred years Ťačovo hasbeen in the hands of the following countries: theAustro–Hungarian empire, Czechoslovakia, Carpatho–Ukraine(for one day on 15 March 1939),fascist Hungary, and the USSR. Today – and fornow at least – Ťačovo is called Tyachiv and issituated in western Ukraine.Jokes go around central Europe that reflectthe changing nationalities and shifting bordersof the region. In one such joke a former residentof Ťačovo tells a listener:‘I was born in Austro–Hungary, I grew up inCzechoslovakia, I’ve lived in the Republic ofCarpatho–Ukraine, and Hungary, I resided in theSoviet Union and now I am a citizen of Ukraine.’The impressed listener replies, ‘You havetravelled a great deal.’‘No,’ the man says, ‘I never moved. I’m fromŤačovo.’A similar joke was told about Ťačovo and thechanging rulers of the area.‘In the morning I’m in the Austro–Hungarianempire, in the afternoon I’m in Czechoslovakia,at sunset I’m in the Soviet Union and at night I’min Ukraine.’Ťačovo, where Barbara Kallos grew up,is situated on the north bank of the Tisa Riverand is cradled by the foothills of the CarpathianMountains, which shelter it from the region’scold winds.
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APPENDIX 1 • 55Mengele used to ap
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APPENDIX 2 • 59Budapest’s contr
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APPENDIX 3 • 61Engraved on the me
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APPENDIX 3 • 63survived Birkenau,
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APPENDIX 3 • 65Below is an Englis
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PART 1: THE KALLOS FAMILY • III
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