Provincial Waste Management Plan Styria - Abfallwirtschaft - Abfall ...

L-AWPL-Stmk. 

2005 

Specialized Division 19D 

Waste and Material Flow Management 

Provincial Waste 

Management Plan 

Styria 

Das Land 

Steiermark 

Styrian Provincial Government

Provincial Waste Management Plan Styria - 2005 

Province of Styria 

Provincial Waste Management Plan 


2005 

agreed by the 

Government of the Province of Styria 

May 23, 2005 

Styrian Provincial Government 

Fachabteilung (Specialized Division) 19D 


Bürgergasse 5a, A-8010 Graz

Initiated and 

compiled by: 

Under collaboration 

of: 

Provincial Waste Management Plan Styria - 2005 (L-AWPL-Stmk. 2005) 

Province of Styria, Styrian Provincial Government, Specialized Division 19D 

Waste and Material Flow Management, 

A-8010 Graz, Austria 

Hofrat Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Wilhelm Himmel 

GEO Partner AG Umwelt Management, 

CH-8050 Zürich and CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland 

Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Leo Morf, Dip. Biol., Dipl.-Ing. FH Regular Winzeler 

RCE - Ringhofer Consulting & Engineering ZT-GmbH 

Felbigergasse 3/12, 1140 Vienna, Austria 

Günter Felsberger, Dipl.-Ing. Erich Gungl, Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Günther Illitsch, 

Dipl.-Ing. Josef Mitterwallner, Dipl.-Ing. Silke Leichtfried, 

Mag. Brigitte M. Scherbler, Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Angelika Stüger-Hopfgartner, 

Ing. Herbert Stock, Dipl.-Ing. Gudrun Walter 

Translating: Claudia Lanschützer 

FA19D file number 50.01-04/2001-050

TABLE OF CONTENT 


1 INTRODUCTION 5 

2 CURRENT FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS 7 

2.1 Legal and factual bases 7 

2.1.1 The term "sustainable development" and the Agenda 21 7 

2.1.2 Legal bases of the European Union (EU) 10 

2.1.3 The Austrian Strategy for Sustainable Development 2002 11 

2.1.4 The Austrian Climate Strategy (2002) 12 

2.1.5 Waste Management Act (AWG 2002) - 

Federal Law for Sustainable Waste Management 12 

2.1.6 Landfill Ordinance 1996 13 

2.1.7 Federal Waste Management Plan 2001 14 

2.1.8 The Styrian Waste Management Act (StAWG 2004) - Provincial Law on Sustainable 

Waste and Material Flow Management 14 

2.2 Organizational framework 15 

2.2.1 Province of Styria - Departments of the Styrian Provincial Government and District 

Administration Offices 15 

2.2.2 Waste management associations 15 

2.2.3 Municipalities 17 

2.2.4 Private waste disposal industry 18 

2.2.5 Agriculture 18 

2.2.6 Partners for implementation on a regional level 19 

3 ACTUAL STATE 2003 (ANALYSIS) 20 

3.1 Definition of terms - Waste types 20 

3.1.1 Municipal waste 20 

3.1.2 Problematic substances 20 

3.2 Waste volumes and volume trends 20 

3.2.1 Mixed municipal waste (residual waste) 23 

3.2.2 Bulky municipal waste (bulky waste) 25 

3.2.3 Biogenic municipal waste (organic waste) 25 

3.2.4 Separately collected recoverable municipal waste (waste materials) and packagings 26 


3.2.6 Waste cooking oils and fats 28 

3.2.7 Waste electrical and electronic equipment 29 

3.2.8 Sewage sludge from municipal waste water purification 29 

3.2.9 Waste from trade and industry, without municipal waste 30 

3.2.10 Demolition and construction waste and excavated soil 30 

3.3 Waste collection 32 




Page 1

Page 2 








3.4 Waste treatment 38 

The climatic relevance of waste management 38 











3.5 Expenses 56 

3.5.1 Expenses for disposal and treatment 56 

3.5.2 Fees and tariffs for the collection of municipal waste 57 

3.5.3 Expenses of the Province of Styria 57 

3.6 Public awareness, public relations, and advice on waste 58 

4 EVALUATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENTS COMPARED 

WITH THE FORECASTS AND TARGETS OF STAWIKO 1995 59 

4.1 Introduction 59 

4.2 Waste volume and volume trends 60 

4.2.1 Overview/all waste types 60 






4.3 Waste collection 62 

4.4 Waste treatment 62 

4.4.1 Thermal waste treatment 62 

4.4.2 Mechanical-biological residual waste treatment 62 

4.4.3 Composting facilities 63 

4.5 Expenses 63 

4.6 Public awareness, public relations, and advice on waste 63 

4.7 Conclusion and outlook (forecast) 63


5 TRANSITION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE WASTE AND MATERIAL FLOW 

MANAGEMENT 67 

5.1 Introduction 67 

5.2 The contribution of material flow management to sustainable development 67 

5.3 The role of public administration 68 

5.4 Vision (mission statement) of sustainable waste and material flow management 69 

6 STRATEGIES, TARGETS, AND REQUIREMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE 

AND MATERIAL FLOW MANAGEMENT IN STYRIA 71 

6.1 Strategies and targets 71 

6.2 Requirements of waste management to reach the defined targets 75 

7 APPENDICES 77 

7.1 Indices 77 

7.1.1 Sources and bibliography 77 

7.1.2 List of figures 79 

7.1.3 List of tables 80 

7.1.4 List of abbreviations 81 

7.2 Legal bases 83 

7.2.1 Federal Laws and Regulations referred to in L-AWPL-Stmk. 2005 83 

7.2.2 Provincial Laws and Regulations referred to in L-AWPL-Stmk. 2005 84 

7.2.3 EU legislation (Directives and Regulations) 84 

7.3 Publications related to public awareness, public relations, and advice on waste 87 

7.3.1 Publication series of FA19D 87 

7.3.2 Information leaflets pertaining to waste and material flow management 87 

7.3.3 Publications within the Business Initiative Sustainability - WIN 90 

7.3.4 Information leaflets and papers pertaining to sustainability/sustainable development 90 

7.4 Past Waste Management Concepts 92 

7.4.1 Styrian Waste Management Concept 1989 ("Time is Waste") 92 

7.4.2 Styrian Framework Plan for Trade and Industry (RIGA 1992) 92 

7.4.3 Styrian Waste Management Concept 1995 - "STAWIKO 95" 92 

7.5 Contact addresses 93 

7.5.1 Federal Ministry 93 

7.5.2 Provincial Units 93 

7.5.3 Waste Management Associations 93 

7.5.4 Interest representations 94 

7.5.5 Organizations and institutions (NGOs - non governmental organizations) 94 

7.5.6 Recycling companies 95 

7.6 Glossary 97 

7.7 Waste classification 99 

7.8 Waste management relevant data for Styria 100 

Page 3

Preface 

By signing the "Rio Declaration on Environment and Development" in 1992, Austria committed itself to 

including the concept of sustainable development in the political agenda. 

As responsible department director within the Styrian Government, I have always considered the 

development of a modern material flow management as a major goal. 

For many years, municipalities and mayors were at a loss to know where to dispose of our waste, and 

numerous insufficiently equipped landfills were operated in Austria. Only in the 1980s a new waste 

management approach allowed the visionary Styrian Waste Management Act to be implemented. This 

Act is based on the principles of prevention - disposal - recovery. 

Waste management made its way from the scarce conditions economic of the post-war era and the 

affluent throw-away society of the 1970s and early 1980s to the modern-day realization: sustainable 

development, meaning an eco-social material flow management, requires modern waste 

management. 

The former Austrian problem child waste disposal has become an internationally acclaimed success 

story. The heads and members of the responsible departments, communal politicians, proficient 

associations, and innovative companies all put in a tremendous effert. Without their invaluable work 

and commitment this would not have been possible. 

The fact that our children actually started to "educate" adults in various questions of waste separation 

shows how successful the information campaigns in playschools and schools were. 

I am convinced that Styria's waste management is an outstanding example of how the concept of 

sustainability is on everybody's mind nowadays: we do not postpone our problems into the future but 

solve them here and now and avoid putting an extra burden on future generations. 

The principles "prevention - recovery - disposal" will remain high priority issues. In Styria, the 

requirements of the Landfill Ordinance are generally accepted as milestones in the development 

towards a modern material flow management, and they are implemented ambitiously and extensively. 

More than ever, we aim to promote the internationally renowned and trend-setting Styrian know-how 

on a global level. Frequently, we need cross-border contacts and international recognition to become 

aware that Styria can indeed be considered a prime example in the field of waste management. 

The publication of the Waste Management Plan of the Province of Styria gives us reason to proudly 

look back on the goals we have achieved to date. Even if a great number of targets have been 

reached, many initiatives still remain to be taken. We are ready to start into the next 50 years of 

Styrian Waste Management, full of optimism and ambition! 

Page 4 

Landesrat 

Johann Seitinger 

Photo: Jungwirth

1 Introduction 


In accordance with the requirements of § 5 StAWG (Styrian Waste Management Act) 2004 the 

Government of Styria has to adopt a Provincial Waste Management Plan to implement the goals 

and principles as defined in § 1 StAWG 2004. Thereafter, with respect to precautionary and 

sustainability principles, waste management is to be designed in such a way that i) waste volumes and 

their pollutant contents are kept as low as possible (waste prevention), that ii) waste is recovered if 

this is ecologically useful and technically feasible and if the resulting extra costs are not 

disproportionate (waste recovery), and that iii) non-recoverable waste is treated with suitable 

procedures and remaining residues are as non-reactive as possible (waste disposal). 

The Provincial Waste Management Plan is to refer to municipal waste, whereby it has to contain 

• an analysis of the waste volumes, 

• a presentation of treatment plants, 

• forecasts on the development of waste volumes, 

• goals for a sustainable waste and material flow management, 

• as well as strategies for waste prevention and waste treatment (waste recovery and waste 

disposal). 

The Provincial Governor has to present the Provincial Waste Management Plan to the Federal 

Minister for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, whereby any contents related 

to plants for the disposal of non-hazardous waste shall be integrated into the Federal Waste 

Management Plan in addition to any content which is subject to environmental assessment pursuant 

to Directive 2001/42/EC on the Assessment of the Effects of certain Plans and Programs on the 

Environment (SEA Directive) (§ 8 para. 4 AWG 2002). Since the present Provincial Waste 

Management Plan 2005 does not contain any measures representing a framework for future approvals 

in the sense of Art. 3 of the SEA Directive, such an assessment is not required for the Provincial 

Waste Management Plan 2005. In this context, it is important to note that the presentation of treatment 

plants for non-hazardous municipal waste does not include guidelines for the location of waste 

treatment plants and does therefore not provide a framework for future approval of projects. By 

approving of this Provincial Waste Management Plan no significant impact on the environment in the 

sense of the SEA Directive is expected (in Styria, the SEA Directive is implemented according to the 

requirements related to spatial planning as defined in the Styrian Regional Planning Act). 

According to the general division of competences laid down in the Austrian Federal Constitution (Art. 

10, para. 1, No. 12 Federal Constitutional Law), the Federal State has exclusive legislative and 

executive competences in the field of waste management with regard to hazardous waste, but also 

with regard to non-hazardous waste as far as there is the need to pass uniform regulations. Due to the 

Bedarfsgesetzgebungskompetenz (meaning that if required the Federal State is given more authority 

than the provinces in certain matters), which has been claimed to a large extent by the Federal State, 

the Styrian Waste Management Act 2004 covers only the provincial legislation for non-hazardous 

municipal waste, being only a part of waste management. The contents of the Provincial Waste 

Management Plan 2005 are likewise limited to non-hazardous waste, however, the analysis of the 

waste volumes, the presentation of the treatment plants, and the forecasts on the development of 

waste volumes also contain other waste types. This is due to the fact that collection and treatment 

structures are jointly used, hence enabling a continuous presentation of the volume development and 

forecasts. 

Page 5

In conclusion it needs to be noted that the present Provincial Waste Management Plan 2005 

introduces the transition towards sustainable waste and material flow management in a sense that 

strategies, goals, and requirements for the next 10 years are developed and described. 

The definitions set out for this purpose apply to the Province of Styria and constitute guidelines for 

municipalities and waste management associations to facilitate meeting their legal responsibilities in 

the fields of waste collection and waste treatment. 

Page 6

2 Current framework conditions 

2.1 Legal and factual bases 


2.1.1 The term "sustainable development" and the Agenda 21 

Sustainability links environmental matters with questions of societal and economic development. It 

equally aims at securing the natural resources as basis of life for future generations and at maintaining 

a high quality of life for humans without compromising the economic performance. 

In 1983, the United Nations (UN) convened the World Commission on Environment and Development 

(WCED) 1 as an independent expert commission. Their mission was submitting a perspective report of 

worldwide applicability, proposing long-term environmental strategies for achieving sustainable 

development up to the year 2000 and beyond. The final report of the commission - known by the name 

of its Chair Gro Harlem Brundtland - coined the term "sustainable development". 

"Sustainable development is development which implies meeting the needs of the present without 

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs and to choose their own way of 

living. The claim to durable sustainable development shall be valid for all countries and people". 

Besides these requirements sustainable development consists of the following three dimensions: 

protection of the environment (environmental sustainability), economic efficiency (economic 

sustainability), and social solidarity (socio-political sustainability). These principles form a triangle (see 

Fig. 1), connecting protection of the resources, economic performance, and social structure of a 

society in a dynamic balance. 

Fig. 1: The three target dimensions of sustainable development 

1 Our Common Future (“Brundtland-Report“), 1987 

The three dimensions of sustainability 

Environmental sustainability 

(Space and environment) 

Socio-political 

sustainability 

Economic 

sustainability 

Page 7

As a consequence of the findings of the Brundtland Commission, the Agenda 21 was adopted in 1992 

at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro 2 . The "Rio 

Declaration on Environment and Development" was signed by more than 180 nations, including 

Austria. The central element of the Agenda 21 is to ensure and implement sustainable development in 

all countries of the world. For this purpose, detailed plans of action are set out to avoid further 

deterioration of the situation of humans and the environment and to guarantee a sustainable use of 

natural resources. The concept of sustainable development has been considered a binding political 

goal for the international community ever since. 

In this context, the amelioration of waste management is one of the most important eco-political tasks 

on international and national levels. The plan for implementation adopted at the World Summit on 

Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, September 2002) 3 is based on the Agenda 21 and requests 

further measures with regard to the following aim: 

"Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse, recycling, and use of environmentally friendly 

alternative materials, with the participation of government authorities and all stakeholders, in order to 

minimize adverse effects on the environment and improve resource efficiency..." 

The proposal of the European Commission for a European Strategy for Sustainable Development 4 

stresses that the connection between economic growth, use of resources, and waste generation must 

be broken. In its conclusion the Gothenburg European Council (June 2001) 5 states: 

"The relationship between economic growth, consumption of natural resources, and the generation of 

waste must change. Strong economic performance must go hand in hand with sustainable use of 

natural resources and levels of waste." 

Since Rio 1992, a series of strategies, programs, and plans on international, national, and local levels 

have been elaborated for the implementation of sustainable development. Hence, sustainable 

development has found its way into directives, laws, and regulations. 

The environment referees of the nine Austrian provinces agreed to implement the goals of sustainable 

development in the sense of the Rio Declaration 1992 on a provincial level for the first time in May 

1999 6 . For this purpose, qualified bodies within each provinicial government are to be entrusted with 

the coordination of environmental policy directed at sustainable development. The organizational 

framework required for this task is guaranteed. 

Figure 2 gives an overview of the implementation of sustainable development in Styria, based on 

international and national strategies and their legal bases. 

2 

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, June 3 to 14 1992) 

3 

"Earth Summit", Johannesburg/South Africa, August 26 to September 4 2002 

4 

Communication From The Commission - "A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: A European Union 

Strategy for Sustainable Development" COM (2001) 264 final, May 15 2001 

5 

Gothenburg European Council, Presidency Conclusions, SN 200/1/01 REV 1, June 15 and 16 2001 

6 

Resolution of the Provincial Environment Conference for the "Joint declaration for the development in 

environmental policy in Austria", May 28 1999, Linz, Austria 

Page 8


Sustainable Development in Styria, 

based on international and national strategies and their legal bases 

International 

strategies 

National 

strategies 

Legal bases 

Programs + 

action plans 

Partner in 

implementation 

processes on a 

provincial level 

Agenda 21 

1992 

6 th EU 

Environment 

Action Program 

2002 

Strategy for Sustainable 

Development, 

2002 

Ordinance 

regarding the 

Waste 

Management Act, 

2002VO zum 

AWG 2002 

Provincial Environment 

Protection Program 

("LUST") 

Municipalities 

Organizations 

Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe 

2004 

European Strategy for 

Sustainable Development, 

Gothenburg 2001 

Federal Act on Sustainable 

Waste Management (Waste 

Management Act), 2002 

Federal Waste 

Management Plan, 2001 


management 

associations 

Kyoto Protocol 

1997 

Austrian Climate Strategy 

2002 

Provincial Law on Sustainable Waste 

and Material Flow Management 

(Styrian Waste Management Act), 

2004, and Ordinance regarding the 

StAWG, 2004 

Provincial Waste 

Management Plan, 2005 

Public administration 

Economy Initiatives 

Fig. 2: Overview of Austria's national strategy for sustainability as well as laws, programs, plans, 

and partners in the implementation process in the Province of Styria 7 

Some waste management areas, such as sewage sludge, soil protection, etc., are not listed here. 

7 Specialized Division 19D Waste and Material Flow Management, December 2004 

Page 9

2.1.2 Legal bases of the European Union (EU) 

A distinctive point in the development of Austrian waste management was the accession of Austria to 

the European Union (EU) in 1995. Since his moment, all EU directives and regulations pertaining to 

waste management have to be implemented in Austria, both those that were valid at the time of 

accession and those that have since been added. Thus, the following exemplary general bases of EU 

legislation contain essential requirements for national implementation: 

• Directive on Waste 1975/1991: The Directive on Waste of July 15 1975, amended by Directive 

91/156/EEC of March 18 1991, is the most important EU directive in the field of waste 

management. It defines the prevention, recovery, and environmentally friendly disposal of waste 

as major goals for European waste management. Additionally it states that according to the 

"polluter pays" principle the costs of waste disposal shall equally be borne by the current waste 

owner as well as the manufacturer of the products generating the waste ("producer 

responsibility"). 

• Waste Shipment Regulation: Monitoring and controlling waste shipments within, into, and out of 

the European community is regulated by Regulation 259/93/EEC. It introduced a common 

notification system and a uniform consignment slip for waste shipments. Simplified regulations are 

applied if the waste is intended for recovery ("green list"). 

• Directive on Packaging 1994: Directive 94/62/EC applies to all types of packaging and 

packaging waste circulating in the community, whether they are generated by industry, trade, 

administration, commerce, the service sector, in households or elsewhere and regardless of the 

materials they consist of. Directive 2004/12/EC (amending Directive 94/62/EC) introduces criteria 

for the definition of the term "packaging". Directive 94/92/EC requires EU Member States to take 

measures, which may include national programs, to prevent the generation of packaging waste 

and encourages them to develop packaging reuse systems. 

• Directive on the Landfill of Waste 1999: Directive 1999/31/EC is intended to prevent or reduce 

adverse effects of landfilled waste on the environment, in particular on surface water, 

groundwater, soil, air, and human health. 

• Waste Incineration Directive 2000: Directive 2000/76/EC introduces measures for the 

incineration of waste in classical incineration plants as well as for the co-incineration of waste in 

industrial combustion plants (e.g. cement industry). Among other measures, this directive 

introduces the implementation of obligatory measurement systems to monitor relevant parameters 

and emission limit values. 

• Resolution of the European Council in Gothenburg 2001: In the Council Resolution of June 15 

and 16 2001, the heads of state and government of the EU Member States agreed on a strategy 

for sustainable development and added an environmental dimension to the Lisbon process for 

employment, economic reform, and social cohesion. In the same paper, guidelines for economic 

policy were defined in order to guarantee economic growth. 

Page 10


• Sixth Community Environment Action Program 8 (2002 to 2012): On July 22 2002, the Sixth 

Community Environment Action Program was laid down, aiming to achieve "better resource 

efficiency and resource management to bring about more sustainable production and consumption 

patterns". The intended result is to break the link between use of resources and waste generation 

on the one hand and economic growth rates on the other. The Thematic Strategy for Sustainable 

Use ("management") of Resources ("resource strategy") is directed towards this goal. 

• Waste Statistics Regulation 2002: Regulation 2150/2002/EC on Waste Statistics was adopted in 

order to standardize the registration of waste volumes within the EU. This EU Regulation defines 

how, to which extent, and in which time intervals the EU Member States have to report their 

statistical data on waste to the EU Statistical Office. Regular community statistics on the 

generation and management of waste from companies and private households are required to 

enable monitoring the status of the implementation of waste policies. This is the prerequisite to 

verify whether the principles of maximum recovery and safe disposal of waste are being followed. 

A statistical instrument continues to be necessary in order to assess whether the basic principle of 

waste prevention is respected and in order to collect data on waste volumes on international, 

national, and regional levels. 

• Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe 2004: On October 29 2004, the heads of states 

and governments of the 25 EU Member States and of the three candidate countries signed the 

Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. This treaty is the basis for sustainable development 

in Europe. Some aims are to secure balanced economic growth and price stability, leading to a 

highly competitive social market economy, full employment, and social progress while always 

keeping environmental protection to improve the environment quality in mind. For the first time, 

sustainable development is sectorally anchored in all areas of European politics. 

• Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste: In 2003 the Commission launched a 

broad consultation called "Towards a thematic strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste" 

(Commission Communication COM (2003) 301 final, May 27 2003). The proposed strategy 

defines a framework for an extensive review of the EU's waste policy. The challenge here is to 

break the link between waste volumes and economic growth. In January 2005, the consultation 

process had not yet been terminated. 

2.1.3 The Austrian Strategy for Sustainable Development 2002 

In April 2002, the Austrian Federal Government decided on a national Strategy for Sustainable 

Development in Austria 9 . 20 key objectives, which are divided into four fields of action, are the focus of 

the national sustainability strategy (Tab. 1). 

8 Decision No. 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 22 2002 laying down the 

Sixth Community Environment Action Program, Official Journal 242/1, September 10 2002 

9 Austrian Strategy for Sustainable Development, BMLFUW, April 2002 

Page 11

Quality of Life in Austria 

• A sustainable life-style 

• Opportunities for the empowerment of all 

generations 

• Gender equality 

• Solutions through education and research 

• A decent life for present and future generations 

Austria as a Living Space 

• Protection of environmental media and climate 

• Preserving the diversity of species and 

landscapes 

• Responsible use of land and regional 

development 

• Shaping sustainable mobility 

• Optimizing the transport systems 

Page 12 

Austria as dynamic business location 

• Innovative structures promote competitiveness 

• A new understanding of business and administration 

• Correct prices for resources and energy 

• Successful management through eco-efficiency 

• Strengthening sustainable products and services 

Austria's responsibility 

• Fighting poverty, creating a social and economic 

equilibrium within and between the countries 

• A globally sustainable economy 

• Our world as a living space 

• International cooperation and financing 

• Sustainability Union Europe 

Tab. 1: The national sustainability strategy of Austria: 20 key objectives in 4 fields of action 

2.1.4 The Austrian Climate Strategy (2002) 

With regard to the achievement of the targets defined in the Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto 1997, Japan) to 

reduce the climate-relevant gases, the Federal Government and the Federal Provinces of Austria 

developed a national climate strategy which was adopted by the Council of Ministers in June 2002 and 

by the Conference of Province Governors in October 2002. This represents the basis necessary for 

the implementation of climate protection measures and the allocation of the required financial 

resources. 

2.1.5 Waste Management Act (AWG 2002) - Federal Law for Sustainable Waste Management 

The goals and principles of modern, sustainable waste management are laid down in the Federal Law 

for Sustainable Waste Management. Based on the precautionary principle and on sustainability, waste 

management aims to: 

1. prevent harmful or detrimental effects on humans, animals and plants and on their bases of 

life and their natural environment, and to reduce other adverse effects on the general human 

well-being to a minimum, 

2. minimize the emissions of air pollutants and climate-relevant gases, 

3. conserve resources (raw materials, water, energy, landscape, areas, landfill volumes), 

4. in the case of recycling, to ensure that the waste or the materials reclaimed thereof do not 

represent a greater risk than do the comparable primary raw materials or products made of 

primary raw materials, 

5. ensure that only such waste remains as can be deposited without danger for future 

generations. 

In accordance with § 1 para. 2 AWG 2002, the following principles for a successful implementation of 

sustainable waste management are to be respected: 

• The quantities of waste and their pollutant contents shall be minimized (waste prevention). 

• Waste shall be recovered to the extent that is ecologically useful and technically feasible and if 

the resulting extra costs are not disproportionate to other waste treatment processes, and if a 

market for the reclaimed substances or energy does already exist or can be created (waste 

recovery). 

• Non-recoverable waste shall be treated according to its composition through biological, 

thermal, chemical, or physical processes. Solid residue shall be as non-reactive as possible 

and properly disposed of (waste disposal).


In the public interest of sustainable waste and material flow management the collection, storage, 

transport, and treatment of waste pursuant to § 1 para. 3 AWG 2002 is required if otherwise 

• human health could be at risk or exposed to unacceptable disturbances, 

• natural living conditions of animals or plants and soil quality could be in danger, 

• a sustainable use of water and soil could be impaired, 

• the environment could be polluted beyond the inevitable degree, 

• there could be a risk of fire or explosion, 

• sounds or noise could be created in excessive dimensions, 

• the occurrence or growth of pathogenic agents could be favoured, 

• public order and safety could be disturbed, or 

• natural scenery or the appearance of settlements could be seriously damaged. 

In § 9 AWG 2002 the following targets are defined for a sustainable prevention of waste: 

• Products shall be long-lasting and easy to repair so that they can be recycled or recovered to 

a large extent after the end of their intended usage. 

• Distribution forms shall be organized in such a way that the waste volumes generated are as 

low as possible (e.g. by deposit systems). 

• Products shall be designed in such a way that the waste volumes generated during their 

production, use, and consumption are minimized and that the pollutant levels in waste are as 

low as possible. 

• Products shall be consumed in such a way that the environmental impact is minimized, in 

particular in terms of waste generation. 

A large number of national regulations have been passed on the basis of the guidelines defined in 

AWG 2002. Thereby, the legislative competence with regard to hazardous waste remains with the 

Federal State. In the case of non-hazardous waste, the Federal State is only competent if the adoption 

of uniform regulations is required. The Federal Minister for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment, and 

Water Management has made comprehensive use of the Bedarfsgesetzgebungskompetenz when 

adopting regulations on the legal basis of Art. 10 para. 1 N. 12 Federal Constitutional Law (e.g. 

packaging waste, biogenic waste, demolition and construction waste, end-of-life vehicles, and waste 

electrical and electronic equipment). Hence, the responsibility of the Federal Provinces with regard to 

non-hazardous waste has been strongly limited. 

2.1.6 Landfill Ordinance 1996 10 

The prohibition of the landfilling of waste that contains a weight percentage of organic carbon higher 

than 5 resulted in significant changes in the field of waste management. Among others, wastes from 

mechanical-biological pre-treatment are excluded from this landfill prohibition if their heat of 

combustion (gross calorific value) - related to dry matter - does not exceed 6,600 kJ/kg ("Heat of 

combustion criterion" according to Appendix 5 section G). Additionally, the stability criteria according 

to Appendix 1 Table 8 of the Landfill Ordinance must be respected for waste that has undergone 

mechanical-biological pre-treatment. 

10 Federal Law Gazette No. 164/1996 as amended in Federal Law Gazette No. II No. 49/2004 

Page 13

2.1.7 Federal Waste Management Plan 2001 

The Federal Waste Management Plan 2001 (BAWPl 2001) contains the technical requirements for the 

prevention, recovery, and treatment of waste. 

The Federal Waste Management Plan has to contain at least 

1. an analysis of the waste management situation 

2. concrete measures derived from the targets and principles of waste management with regard 

to 

a) the reduction of waste volumes and pollutant contents 

b) an environmentally friendly and economically sound recovery of waste 

c) the disposal of inevitable and non-recoverable waste 

d) the transport of waste or waste oils for recovery or disposal 

3. measures planned by the Federal State in order to reach these targets 

4. regional distribution of plants required in Austria for the treatment of hazardous waste. 

The document "Guidelines for the Shipment of Waste and Treatment Principles" included in the 

Federal Waste Management Plan describes treatment principles for individual waste fractions. It lists 

the following instruments for achieving sustainable waste management: 

• logistic and organizational measures 

• PR and information 

• international cooperations 

• economic instruments and financial incentives 

• voluntary agreements 

• environment management systems 

• environmentally friendly purchasing (Green Procurement) 

• education and training for environment and waste consultants 

In this context, a regulation on treatment obligations 11 for individual waste fractions was passed on 

December 3 2004. 

2.1.8 The Styrian Waste Management Act (StAWG 2004) - 

Provincial Law on Sustainable Waste and Material Flow Management 

The Styrian Waste Management Act 2004 - StAWG 2004 12 entered into force on November 1 2004. It 

is oriented towards precautionary and sustainability principles. The title "Law on Sustainable Waste 

and Material Flow Management in Styria" was chosen to express the holistic approach, i.e. taking into 

account waste management as part of the economy and considering the use of resources and the 

integration of the processes production, consumption, recovery, and disposal. The sustainable goals 

and principles of the Federal Waste Management Act 2002 have been taken over into the StAWG 

2004 without any change. 

The Waste Management Plan for the Province of Styria (the present report) has been elaborated on 

the basis of § 5 StAWG 2004, stating that it shall be evaluated and updated every 5 years. 

11 

Federal Law Gazette II No. 459/2004 - Waste Treatment Obligations 

12 

Provincial Law Gazette No. 65/2004 - Law of July 6 2004 on Sustainable Waste and Material Management in 


Page 14

2.2 Organizational framework 


2.2.1 Province of Styria - Departments of the Styrian Provincial Government and District 

Administration Offices 

Within the administration of the Province of Styria, the following organizational units perform all tasks 

pertaining to waste: 

• FA 7A Gemeinden und Wahlen (Municipalities and Elections) (municipality supervision - 

organization of fees and tariffs) 

• FA 13A Umweltrecht und Energiewesen (Environmental Legislation and Energy) 

(waste authority for legislation in the field of environmental and plant matters) 

• Bezirksverwaltungsbehörden (district administration authorities, authority of first instance) 

• Baubezirksleitungen (district administration offices for construction - they assist the district 

administration and the Specialized Divisions in the implementation of the assigned tasks) 

• FA 17B Technik und Sachverständigendienst (Engineering and Expert Witnesses) (official expert 

witness service in the field of waste technology) 

• FA 19D Abfall- und Stoffflusswirtschaft (Waste and Material Flow Management) - performance 

of technical matters and coordination in the field of waste and material flow management 

including the related EU areas as well as supervision on local and regional levels 

This includes the following concrete tasks: 

• planning related to waste and material flow management: 

assisting in the compilation of the Federal Waste Management Plan, updating of the Styrian 

Waste Management Concept as Provincial Waste Management Plan, preparing concepts, 

carrying out projects and studies, implementing the Austrian National Environment Plan, local 

Agenda processes, ecological land development, ecological business advice as Business 

Initiative Sustainability (Wirtschaftsinitiative Nachhaltigkeit - WIN), community cooperations 

• subvention matters in the field of waste and material flow management 

• providing information and awareness building measures to promote sustainable development 

in the field of waste and material flow management, provincial waste management information 

system, statistics, surveys, land registers, waste catalogue 

• waste management related expert witness service in plant procedures and during controls 

2.2.2 Waste management associations 

The organizational structures of the Styrian waste management organizations are laid down in § 14 

StAWG 2004 and in the Gemeindeverbandsorganisationsgesetz 13 (Law on the organization of 

associations of municipalities). The Province of Styria is divided into 17 waste management 

associations, whereby one association generally consists of the municipalities of one political district. 

The City of Graz independently performs the tasks of a waste management association. The 

municipalities within one waste management association are represented in the respective association 

meeting, and the members of the association meeting elect the Executive Board. Basically, the 

municipalities of one political district form one waste management association. 

Exceptions to this classification are the municipalities Radmer and Hieflau, which are part of the 

political district Leoben, and the municipality Hohentauern (political district Judenburg), which 

nevertheless joined the waste management association Liezen. The municipality Niederöblarn 

(political district Liezen) joined the waste management association Schladming, and the two political 

districts Mürzzuschlag and Bruck form the "Waste management association Mürzverband". 

13 GVOG 1997, Provincial Law Gazette No. 66/1997 as amended in Provincial Law Gazette No. 53/2002 

Page 15

Figure 3 and Table 2 give an overview of the waste management associations of Styria. 

Fig. 3: The 17 waste management associations of Styria 


management 

association 

Page 16 

Number of 

municipalities 

Inhabitants 1) Households 2) Area 

[km²] 

Residential 

density 

[persons/km²] 

Graz-City 3) 1 226,244 109,884 127.6 1778.5 

Graz-Surroundings 57 131.304 48,839 1,100.8 119.5 

Deutschlandsberg 40 61,498 22,253 863.2 71.4 

Feldbach 55 67,200 21,857 727.1 92.6 

Fürstenfeld 14 23,001 8,479 263.9 87.4 

Hartberg 50 67,778 21,719 955.1 71.1 

Judenburg 23 47,683 19,299 1005.0 47.6 

Knittelfeld 14 29,661 12,426 577.9 51.6 

Leibnitz 48 75,328 26,885 681.4 110.7 

Leoben 17 65,954 30,435 970.4 68.1 

Liezen 37 62,204 24,884 2,538.8 24.7 

Mürzverband 37 107,934 46,435 2,155.4 50.2 

Murau 14 35 31,472 10,882 1,384.2 22.8 

Radkersburg 19 24,068 8,162 336.8 71.6 

Schladming 17 22,379 7,942 952.6 23.6 

Voitsberg 25 53,588 21,013 678.3 79.2 

Weiz 54 86,007 28,555 1,069.6 80.5 

Total 543 14 1,183,303 469,949 16,388.2 72,4 

1) Final result accord. to Census 2001, source: Statistics Austria, Nov. 2002 

2) Preliminary results of Census 2001, source: Overview - Statistics Austria, Nov. 2002 

3) not organized as waste management association 

Tab. 2: Overview of waste management associations in Styria 

14 Upon the union of the municipalities St. Ruprecht ob Murau and Falkendorf, thus forming the municipality St. 

Ruprecht-Falkendorf in the political district Murau, the number of Styrian municipalities was reduced to a total 

of 542 on January 1 2005.


The waste management associations' tasks are divided as follows: 

• supporting the municipalities in waste management related problems 

• giving sustainable advice in environment and waste related matters (§ 14 StAWG 2004): 

For these advisory tasks the associations employ qualified environment and waste consultants 

who are organized in the Union of Styrian Environment and Waste Consultants. 

• planning waste management within the associations: For this purpose, regional waste 

management plans are established which are oriented at the L-AWPL-Stmk. (§ 15 StAWG 

2004). 

• recovery and disposal of municipal waste (§§ 6, 14 StAWG 2004) 

2.2.2.1 The umbrella association of the Styrian waste management associations 

In 1999, the 17 waste management associations founded their umbrella association. Since 2004, it 

has the legal status of a voluntary association 15 . It acts as a bridge between the Province of Styria and 

the waste management associations and is responsible for the supra-regional handling (coordination) 

of their tasks. In particular, the umbrella association is entrusted with processing and forwarding 

information regarding the implementation of the targets of sustainable waste and material flow 

management on a regional level. According to the association statutes, the implementation of these 

targets is performed by the elected organs in close collaboration with representatives of the waste 

management associations and of FA 19D. 

The tasks of the umbrella association are: 

• representing the Styrian waste management associations' interests and providing technical 

assistance within the interest groups Gemeindebund (Union of Municipalities) and Städtebund 

(Union of Cities) 

• coordinating behavior towards the private waste disposal industry 

• participating in ARGE ÖWAV (Consortium of Austrian Waste Management Associations) 

• performing other services for the Styrian waste management associations 

2.2.3 Municipalities 

Primary task of the municipalities is the collection and transport of municipal waste generated in the 

municipal area by public removal (pick-up system) or by operation of waste material collection centers 

and stationary collection cells for problematic substances (bring-it-yourself system). Therewith, the 

establishment of removal and tariff plans is closely linked. The following concrete obligations for 

municipalities can be drawn from the AWG 2002 and the Styrian Waste Management Act 2004: 

• collecting and removing non-hazardous municipal waste according to § 4 para. 4 StAWG 

2004. For this purpose, a public removal service has to be introduced which must be 

performed in regular intervals (§ 7 StAWG 2004). 

• organizing and performing a bulky waste collection or a controlled transfer of bulky municipal 

waste or of waste materials by operating a waste material collection center. 

• providing suitable waste collection containers (§ 9 StAWG 2004) as well as holding 

responsibility for their cleaning and maintenance. 

• performing or initiating on requirement, but at least twice a year, a separate collection 

(possibility for disposal) of problematic substances if the municipality does not provide other 

15 Founded on October 4 2004. Approval: BH Graz-Umgebung, file number 2.1 Vr-1658/04. 

Page 17

means for their collection (§ 28 AWG 2002). It is pointed out that the regulations of § 16 AWG 

2002 include waste cooking oils and fats (no problematic substances) in the obligations within 

the collection of problematic substances ("controlled transfer"). 

• implementing a Removal Order (§ 11 StAWG 2004) containing: removal area, type, and 

frequency of public removal with regard to municipal waste; type and frequency of problematic 

substance collection (order according to § 28 AWG 2002 as amended in Federal Law Gazette 

I No. 151/2004), determining access to public collection centers, type of collection containers 

or collection bags used, type of tariffs and fees, basic principles of the organization of tariffs 

related to individual waste fractions, and the treatment plants used for the recovery and 

disposal of municipal waste. 

• establishing a collection center for waste electrical and electronic equipment from private 

households (order in accordance with § 28 AWG 2002 as amended in Federal Law Gazette I 

No. 151/2004). 

2.2.4 Private waste disposal industry 

Technical Unit 701 "Waste and Waste Water Management", established in the year 2000 within the 

Austrian Federal Economic Chamber (WKÖ), registers 292 private waste disposal companies 

employing approximately 3,000 persons (April 2005). In addition to the classical waste industry 

companies (collection and treatment of waste), this Technical Unit also covers companies in the field 

of waste water treatment, recovery of end-of-life vehicles, and street cleaning. 

The vast majority of Styrian municipalities meets the obligation of providing public waste removal 

services insofar as this task has been transferred in compliance with § 7 para. 5 StAWG 2004 to 

authorized private waste disposal companies as defined in § 24 AWG 2002. 

To meet the requirements regarding the treatment of municipal waste (recovery and disposal) 

pursuant to § 14 para. 6 StAWG 2004, waste management associations also use the services of 

equally authorized private waste disposal companies to varying degrees. 

Beyond WKÖ the private waste disposal companies have been organized within the independent 

interest group Association of Austrian Waste Disposal Companies (VÖEB) since 1982. According to a 

FESSEL-GfK-study initiated by VÖEB, the private waste disposal companies in Austria employ around 

20,000 persons, dispose of a approx. 30 million tonnes of waste in Austria every year, and achieve a 

total turnover of approx. €2.9 billion. 

In 1999, VÖEB and the Austrian Water and Waste Management Association (ÖWAV) founded the 

V.EFB (Voluntary Association for Awarding the Certificate of a Waste Disposal Company). The quality 

mark "EFB" is awarded for reliability of the waste disposal service, comprehensive technical training of 

staff, as well as guaranteed respect of all relevant legal regulations. The quality mark hence helps 

communicating these services to clients. 

To date, 14 Styrian waste disposal companies (5 of which are decentralized branches) have been 

awarded this certificate of quality. This corresponds to a share of approx. 5% of all waste disposal 

companies in Styria. 

2.2.5 Agriculture 

Agriculture is of outstanding importance in the treatment of separately collected biogenic waste 

(organic waste container). In cooperation with private waste disposal companies, pre-processed 

Page 18


biogenic material (pre-treated organic waste, shredded and mixed with structure material) is frequently 

passed on to agricultural companies for composting. 

The subsequent agricultural application of the obtained quality compost guarantees the functioning of 

a closed-loop system. 

Due to the rural structure of Styria, agricultural composting has always played a vital role in the 

compost strategy of the region. In order to support agricultural composting, ARGE Kompost 

("Consortium for Adequate Composting in Agriculture") was founded in 1991. ARGE bäuerliche 

Kreislaufwirtschaft Steiermark ("Consortium for agricultural closed-loop economy Styria") originated 

from ARGE Kompost and now has more than 200 members, whereby approx. 90 agricultural 

companies compost separately collected biogenic waste and recycle the obtained quality compost. 

2.2.6 Partners for implementation on a regional level 

In principle, public administration, waste management associations, and municipalities are responsible 

for the implementation of sustainable strategies regarding waste and material flow management. The 

private waste disposal industry and agriculture participate as actors in the collection and treatment of 

municipal waste. 

In order to reduce the waste volume generated within production and services in commercial and 

industrial companies, the Province of Styria has run sector-specific pilot projects within the program 

"Ökologische Betriebsberatung Steiermark - Ecological consulting Styria" since 1995. 

In 2002, the Business Initiative Sustainability (WIN, www.oeko.at) originated from "Ecological 

consulting" after a joint commitment within the "Styrian Sustainability Pact", supported by the 

Environment Department and the Economic Department of the Province of Styria as well as the 

regional Economic Chamber of Styria. 

Apart from this cooperation, which is organized as a joint initiative, a large number of other initiatives 

and voluntary associations (NGOs) are committed to work on the implementation of a sustainable 

waste and material flow management in Styria, such as e.g. Ökoprofit®, a program of the City of Graz 

for corporate environmental protection. In this context, ARGE Müllvermeidung ("Consortium Waste 

Prevention"), organized as benevolent voluntary association, has to be explicitly mentioned since it 

has accompanied Styrian waste management over many years. 

Furthermore, the specialized departments of the Province aim to integrate university institutions, 

universities of applied sciences, and civil engineers into the elaboration of innovative projects at an 

early stage. 

On a national level, ÖWAV is a neutral and independent platform of all highly qualified professional 

bodies striving for a balance of interests in Austrian water, waste water, and waste management. In 

specialized groups and consortia, numerous ÖWAV committees set up technical guidelines, provide 

comments on bills, and enable an exchange of experiences of decision makers from the fields of 

economy, administration, and science. (www.oewav.at). 

Page 19

3 ACTUAL state 2003 (analysis) 

In addition to non-hazardous municipal waste, which is covered by the legislative and executive 

competence of the Province (division of competences) in compliance with the requirements of Art. 10 

para. 1 N. 12 BVG, the description of the ACTUAL state of Styrian waste management (analysis of the 

waste volumes) also includes waste which has to be collected by the communities and waste 

management associations according to the legal regulations of the Federal State (problematic 

substances, waste cooking oils and fats, waste electrical and electronic equipment). 

Moreover, for a holistic analysis of waste volumes and for guaranteeing comparability with historic 

data or for forecasts on future waste volumes, other waste types which are neither covered by the 

legislative and executive competences of the Province nor by the collection obligation for communities 

and waste management associations (such as sewage sludge, demolition and construction waste, 

excavated materials, rakings, etc) are also included. For better orientation, the corresponding 

classification is provided in Appendix 7.7, section "Waste classification". 

3.1 Definition of terms - Waste types 

3.1.1 Municipal waste 

Pursuant to § 2 para. 4 N. 1 AWG 2002 and § 4 para. 4 StAWG 2004, municipal waste is composed of 

waste from private households and other waste types which are similar to waste from private 

households due to their nature and composition. Municipal waste is divided into: 

1. waste materials: separately collected recoverable municipal waste (waste materials such as 

textiles, paper, metals, glass, wood - without packaging waste). 

2. biogenic waste: separately collected biogenic municipal waste (compostable municipal waste 

such as waste from kitchens, gardens, markets, or cemeteries) 

3. bulky waste: bulky municipal waste (waste that by nature can neither be collected in the provided 

collection containers nor by municipal waste collection) 

4. street sweepings: municipal waste generated on public streets, squares, and parks (street 

sweepings that are by nature subject to residual waste treatment) 

5. residual waste: mixed municipal waste (residual waste is all the non-hazardous municipal waste 

that cannot be assigned to numbers 1 to 4). 

3.1.2 Problematic substances 

In accordance with § 2 para. 4 AWG 2002, hazardous waste which is usually generated in private 

households is classified as problematic substances. Moreover, the definition "problematic substances" 

includes hazardous waste from all other waste producers that is by nature and quantity comparable 

with hazardous waste usually generated in private households. 

3.2 Waste volumes and volume trends 

In 2002, the total community waste volume of Styria amounted to 454,348 t. A summary of the 

individual waste types and their absolute collection quantities is listed in Appendix 7.8, section "Waste 

management relevant data for Styria". 

To make a nation-wide comparison of municipal waste volumes possible, the classification of the 

"Federal Waste Management Plan 2001" regarding the analysis of household waste has been 

adopted. According to this classification, the waste volume of Styria amounts to a total of 425,715 t. 

This corresponds to 360 kg of waste per capita (see Fig. 4). Figure 5 and Table 3 show the waste 

volume trend since 1991 in kg/inhabitant. 

Page 20


Total municipal waste volumes in Styria, 2003 

Waste wood 

2,7% 

Waste metal 

4,7% 

Waste glass 

6,9% 

Waste paper 

19,3% 

Problematic substances 

1,2% 

Lightweight fraction 

5,0% 

Textiles 

0,7% 

Biogenic waste (organic waste 

container) 

17,0% 

Municipal residual waste and bulky 

waste 

42,5% 

Total waste volume: 

360 kg/inhab/year 

(data in mass %) 

Fig. 4: Overview of the percentage of different waste types of the total waste volume 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

kg/inhab/year 

272 

258 256 

274 

Trends in total municipal waste volumes, 1991 - 2003 

296 

315 

328 329 

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

residual waste and bulky waste Biogenic waste (organic waste container) Waste paper Waste glass Waste metal Waste wood Textiles Lightweight fraction Problematic substances 

Fig. 5: Waste volume trends per inhabitant in Styria, 1991-2003, split according to individual 

waste types 

Current data on municipal waste volumes 16 in Styria are available via the "Waste management related 

information system of the Province of Styria ("Abfallwirtschaftliches Informationssystem des Landes 

Steiermark, AWIS") on the website www.abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at >> Daten und Fakten down to 

the regional level. 

16 Source: Communal waste survey in Styrian municipalities 

343 

353 

349 

356 

360 

Page 21

[kg/inhab/year] 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Residual waste 182.8 150.8 124.9 108.8 110.4 113.1 112.7 110.6 112.3 113.2 110.9 111.7 113.8 

Bulky waste 11.2 14.9 16.4 19.2 27.6 30.7 30.9 28.7 30.8 31.6 38.5 40.5 39.4 

Waste materials 

Waste paper 33.9 36.5 43.3 48.8 51.8 56.9 60.3 62.0 67.7 70.3 68.6 69.3 69.5 

Waste glass 21.1 23.1 24.3 25.4 24.4 25.8 25.0 25.0 24.7 24.6 24.7 24.3 24.9 

Waste metal - 

packagings 

Waste metal - 

ferrous scrap metal 

Page 22 

- - - - 10.9 12.3 12.9 12.5 12.2 12.8 12.8 13.1 12.1 

10.6 12.2 12.8 17.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.9 

Lightweight fraction 1.1 1.0 0.7 9.8 13.9 13.7 13.8 14.6 14.8 16.1 16.4 16.5 18.0 

Textiles 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 

Waste wood 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 5.1 5.4 9.7 11.2 8.3 9.1 9.6 

Problematic 

substances 

2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.9 4.1 4.8 4.4 4.2 

Biogenic waste 8.2 16.5 29.9 40.9 47.3 51.7 56.3 58.8 59.7 61.3 56.8 60.2 61.1 

Total 271.6 258.1 255.2 274.1 296.2 314.8 328.0 328.7 343.3 352.9 349.1 356.3 360.0 

Tab. 3: Waste volume trends per inhabitant in Styria 1991-2003, split according to individual 

waste types in kg/inhab/year 

200,0 

180,0 

160,0 

140,0 

120,0 

100,0 

80,0 

60,0 

40,0 

20,0 

0,0 

kg/inhab/year 

Residual waste 

Trends in municipal waste volumes in Styria 

Waste materials (since 1995, incl. waste wood) 

Biogenic municipal waste (without 

home and community composting) 

Bulky waste 


1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Fig. 6: Waste volume trends per inhabitant in Styria, 1991-2003, split according to waste types 

A comparison of the waste volumes collected between 1991 and 2003 (in Fig. 5, Tab. 3, and Fig. 6) 

shows that, notwithstanding an increasing total waste volume, waste management related measures 

have been successful in the fields of waste prevention and waste recovery.


The volumes of residual and bulky waste volumes have been significantly reduced since the Styrian 

waste management associations introduced the extensive collection of waste glass, waste paper, 

waste metal, and biogenic waste. Additionally packaging materials made from plastic and composite 

materials have been collected separately from residual waste since 1993 due to the persistent 

implementation of the Packaging Ordinance 17 and have to a large extent been recovered. 

In addition to the separately collected recoverable municipal waste (waste materials) mentioned 

above, the waste types listed in Table 4 are collected in communal collection facilities in Styria: 

[kg/inhab/year] 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Other waste types 7.7 10.2 8.4 9.4 4.2 4.1 2.5 2.7 3.7 8.8 15.6 10.2 10.4 

Demolition and 

construction waste 

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 15.9 16.4 21.4 26.1 30.3 10.7 

Scrap vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.2 

Waste electrical and 

electronic equipment 

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 

Total 7.7 10.2 8.4 9.4 5.3 6.0 16.8 20.5 22.4 32.6 44.4 43.3 24.2 

Tab. 4: Trends for selected waste types in Styria, 1991 - 2003 

Street sweepings are collected via separate municipal collection structures (communal street cleaning) 

or by external partners. They are recovered wherever possible. 

3.2.1 Mixed municipal waste (residual waste) 

The residual waste volume was successfully reduced significantly from 182.8 kg/inhabitant in 1991 to 

113.8 kg/inhabitant in 2003 (by approx. 39%, see Fig. 7) due to separate collection and recovery of 

waste materials, packagings, and biogenic municipal waste. 

200 

180 

160 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

183 

Trends in collection volumes of municipal residual waste in Styria, 1991 - 2003 

kg/inhab/year 

151 

125 

109 111 113 113 111 112 113 111 112 114 

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Fig. 7: Trends in collection volumes of municipal residual waste, 1991 - 2003 

17 Order on the prevention and recycling of packaging waste and certain waste goods (Austrian designation: 

VerpackVO 1996), Federal Law Gazette No. 648/1996 as amended in Federal Law Gazette No. 440/2001 

Page 23

To determine the composition of residual waste, screen-supported residual waste analyses have been 

performed in Styria in the years 1993/1994, 1997/1998, and 2003. In the course of these analyses, 

approx. 13 t of residual waste were sorted into a total of 82 fractions and were analyzed within three 

campaigns (heating period/non-heating period/pre-heating period). The fraction-specific approach 

showed that less separately collected recoverable municipal waste (waste materials) remains in 

residual waste in rural municipalities than in urban structures. The content of problematic substances 

was generally low, however, increasing quantities of medicinal products and specific medical waste 

(used syringes, blood-soaked dressing material) were found. 

Page 24 

Organic waste 

37% 

Others 

2% 


2% 

Textiles 

7% 

Paper 

9% 

Inert materials 

5% 

Carton 

2% 

Composite materials 

8% 

Glas 

5% 

Plastics 

10% 

Metal 

4% 

Hygiene articles 

9% 

Fig. 8: Composition of residual waste, according to mean values (analysis 2003) 

The comparison of the residual waste composition of the years 1998 and 2002 in Table 5 illustrates 

that the percentages of individual fractions remained almost unchanged. 

Fraction Mean values 

1998 2003 1998 2003 

% % kg/inhab/year kg/inhab/year 

Organic waste 35% 37.6% 37.45 41.53 

Paper 10% 9.6% 10.65 10.65 

Carton 2% 2.1% 2.34 2.31 

Composite materials 8% 8.1% 8.95 9.00 

Plastics 9% 9.9% 9.17 10.93 

Metal 3% 3.6% 3.43 4.00 

Glass 5% 4.5% 4.92 5.02 

Hygiene articles 10% 8.8% 11.18 9.76 

Inert materials 8% 5.4% 8.36 5.99 

Textiles 6% 6.5% 6.33 7.20 

Problematic substances 2% 1.5% 1.98 1.64 

Other 2% 2.3% 2.33 2.50 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 107.10 110.52 

Tab. 5: Comparison of residual waste compositions, 1998 and 2003


3.2.2 Bulky municipal waste (bulky waste) 

The trends in bulky waste volumes are illustrated in Figure 9. Until 1995, waste wood was collected 

together with bulky waste. Introducing a separate collection of waste wood in 1996 reduced the bulky 

waste volume which has been increasing continuously since 1991. Between 1996 and 2000 the bulky 

waste volume amounted constantly to around 30 kg/inhabitant. After another increase in 2001 and 

2002, it amounted to 39.4 kg/inhabitant (excl. waste wood) in the year 2003. This means that the bulky 

waste volume has quadrupled in the years between 1991 and 2002. 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

11.2 

Trends in municipal collection volumes of bulky waste (incl. waste wood) 

kg/inhab/year 

14.9 

16.4 

19.2 

27.8 

0.2 

27.6 

0.4 

30.7 

5.1 

30.9 

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

34.1 

Bulky waste Waste wood 

Fig. 9: Trends in collection volumes of bulky waste incl. waste wood, 1991 - 2003 

31.1 

36.0 

5.4 

28.7 

40.5 

9.7 

30.8 

42.8 

11.2 

31.6 

46.8 

8.3 

38.5 

49.6 49.0 

3.2.3 Biogenic municipal waste (organic waste) 

The separate collection of biogenic municipal waste and its recovery has been part of the Styrian 

waste management since 1989 and was laid down for the first time in the "Styrian Waste Management 

Concept 1989". 

The collection volumes of individual waste management associations differ from each other, as the 

associations apply different strategies in the collection of biogenic waste. Some associations 

encourage collection in organic waste containers, whereas others pay particular attention to recovery 

by home or community composting in the immediate household area. Figure 10 shows the 

corresponding trends since 1991. 

The calculation of the volumes which are collected and recovered by home or community composting 

can only be determined with the municipalities' participation and by nature underlies a certain 

inaccuracy. Within the annual communal waste analysis, the municipalities are interviewed on how 

many households perform home or community composting and on the extent to which the households 

make use of the collection in organic waste containers. The potential of home or community 

composting is linked to the data provided by the municipalities and the results of the organic waste 

container collection, whereupon a rough estimation can be provided. 

9.1 

40.5 

9.6 

39.4 

Page 25

140.0 

120.0 

100.0 

80.0 

60.0 

40.0 

20.0 

0.0 

Page 26 

kg/inhab/year 

44.9 

36.7 

8.2 

46.9 

30.4 

16.5 

78.0 

48.1 

29.9 

Volume trends of municipal biogenic waste 

(incl. home and community composting) 

85.9 

45.0 

40.9 

96.0 

48.7 

47.3 

103.1 

51.4 

51.7 

106.8 

50.5 

56.3 

113.5 113.4 

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Biogenic waste (organic waste container) Home and community composting 

Fig. 10: Tends in collection volumes of biogenic waste, 1991 - 2003 

54.7 

58.8 

53.7 

59.7 

117.8 118.0 118.0 118.9 

Through the collection of biogenic waste in organic waste containers, of garden and park waste, of 

cemetery waste, and by home and community composting approx. 119 kg of biogenic waste per 

inhabitant are registered. The share collected in the organic waste container amounts to approx. 

60 kg/inhabitant. The remaining quantity of approx. 58 kg/inhabitant undergoes recovery in home or 

community composting. 

3.2.4 Separately collected recoverable municipal waste (waste materials) and packagings 

In Styria, the following waste materials are collected separately and recovered: 

• waste paper (packagings made from paper and cardboard as well as paper and 

cardboard/carton) 

• waste glass (glass packagings) 

• waste metal from packagings (metal packagings) 

• waste metal - ferrous scrap (metals/ferrous scrap) 

• lightweight fraction (packagings made of plastic and wood) 

• textiles (clothes and textiles) 

• waste wood: In Styria, waste wood has been collected separately from bulky waste and has 

been classified as waste material since 1995. However, this does not mean that no more 

waste wood is disposed of as bulky waste. 

The above-mentioned fractions are waste materials as defined in § 2 para. 4 N. 1 AWG 2002, 

whereby recoverable municipal waste as defined in § 4 para. 4 N. 1 StAWG 2004 and packaging 

waste as defined in the Packaging Ordinance must be distinguished with regard to collection and 

treatment (cf. Appendix 7.7). 

56.5 

61.3 

61.2 

56.8 

57.8 

60.2 

57.8 

61.1


The collection volumes of waste materials more than doubled in the years from 1991 to 2003. With 

regard to the collection volumes it must be noted once again that small quantities of residual waste or 

impurities are among others also included in the packaging collection of ARGEV. Figure 11 illustrates 

the trends in separately collected recoverable municipal waste. 

160 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

kg/inhab/year 

67 

73 

82 

Volume trends of municipal waste materials, 1991 - 2003 

103 

108 

116 

125 

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Waste paper Waste glass Waste metal Waste wood Textiles Lightweight fraction 

Fig. 11: Trends in collection volumes of specific waste materials, 1991 - 2003 

In 2003, the following waste material collection volumes displayed in Table 6 were achieved in the 

Province of Styria. Table 6 compares the Styrian data with the data for Austria: 

Waste materials Quantity 

[t] 

128 

137 

Styria Austria 

Specific quantity 

[kg/inhab/year] 

143 

138 

139 

141 

Specific quantity 

[kg/inhab/year] 

Waste paper 82,228 69.5 64.0 

Waste glass 29,441 24.9 23.1 

Waste metal - packaging 5,751 4.9 4.9 

Waste metal - ferrous scrap 14,343 12.1 14.4 

Lightweight fraction 21,284 18.0 18.4 

Textiles 2,954 2.5 2.7 

Waste wood 11,329 9.6 - 

All waste materials 167,330 141.5 127.5 

Tab. 6: Collection volumes of waste materials, 2003, comparison Styria - Austria 


The collection volume of problematic substances has more than doubled since 1991 due to an 

extensive expansion of waste material collection centers (Altstoffsammelzentrum, ASZ) and collection 

cells for problematic substances (Problemstoffsammelstelle, PSS). Figure 12 shows the trends of 

municipal problematic substances collected, including waste cooking oils and fats, from 1991 to 2003. 

Page 27

6.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

Page 28 

kg/inhab/year 

2.0 

2.1 

2.1 

Municipal problematic substances, 

incl. waste cooking oils and waste cooking fats 

2.3 

0.3 

2.2 

0.5 

2.4 

0.6 

2.8 

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Problematic substances Waste cooking oils and fats 

Fig. 12: Trends in collection volumes of problematic substances, 1991 - 2003 (incl. waste cooking oils and fats) 

3.2.6 Waste cooking oils and fats 

In accordance with the requirements of the Waste Catalogue Ordinance 2003, waste cooking oils and 

fats are not classified as problematic substances, however, they must be collected separately 

pursuant to § 16 para. 6 AWG 2002 and must be handed over to authorized waste collectors or 

processors. In Styria, a large-scale collection of waste cooking oils and fats has been introduced 

as early as 1995. Between 1995 and 2003, collection volumes have almost tripled. In 2003, approx. 

1,076 t of waste cooking oils and fats were collected in Styria, which corresponds to 

0.9 kg/inhabitant/year. 

1.0 

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.0 

kg/inhab/year 

0.0 

0.0 

Municipal waste cooking oils and waste cooking fats 

0.0 

0.0 

0.3 

0.5 

0.6 

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Fig. 13: Trends in collection volumes of waste cooking oils and fats, 1991 - 2003 

0.6 

2.5 

0.6 

0.7 

3.0 

0.7 

0.8 

0.8 

3.3 

0.9 

0.9 

3.9 

0.9 

0.9 

3.5 

0.9 

0.9 

3.3


3.2.7 Waste electrical and electronic equipment 

In Styria, waste electrical and electronic equipment from households is being collected separately in 

municipal waste material collection centers and collection cells for problematic substances since 1995. 

In addition, the agreement on a "Voluntary commitment on environmental friendly collection, recovery, 

and disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Styria" was signed in the year 2000. This 

paper was initiated by FA 19D of the Province of Styria in cooperation with the Styrian waste 

management associations and the regional Economic Chamber of Styria (Section Waste and Waste 

Water Management, Provincial Board for Trade of Radios and Electrical and Electronic Equipment, 

Provincial Board for Trade of Secondary Raw Materials, Recycling, and Disposal). Since then, 

retailers are obliged to take waste electrical and electronic equipment back free of charge if a new 

device is bought. 

Styria's medium term target is to reach a collection volume of 4 kg/inhabitant as set down in the Waste 

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Ordinance, Federal Law Gazette II No. 121/2005, implementing 

EU Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) 18 . 

When analyzing the municipal collection volumes as illustrated in Figure 14 it has to be remembered 

that documentation on large electrical and electronic appliances is still insufficient. 

1.000 

0.900 

0.800 

0.700 

0.600 

0.500 

0.400 

0.300 

0.200 

0.100 

0.000 

kg/inhab/year 

0.006 

Municipal waste electrical and electronic equipment 

0.03 

0.01 

0.06 

0.06 

0.08 

0.29 

0.02 

0.12 

0.33 

0.40 

0.07 0.08 

0.19 0.18 

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Screen appliances appliances, excluding refrigeration equipment Small appliances and appliance parts 

Fig. 14: Trends in municipal collection volumes of waste electrical and electronic equipment, 

1995 - 2003 

3.2.8 Sewage sludge from municipal waste water purification 

59% of the total sewage sludge quantities generated in 2003 (22,650 t) were recycled by agriculture 

and landscaping, 24% were deposited in landfills, and 9% were thermally recovered. 

18 

Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Official Journal No. L37 of February 13 

2003 (implemented on August 13 2005) 

0.41 

0.07 

0.28 

0.40 

0.16 

0.30 

Page 29

After implementing a comprehensive disposal system and updating the sewage treatment plants to 

state-of-the art technology, the sewage sludge volume will increase to 25,000 - 30,000 t of DM 19 per 

year. In 2003, the specific sewage sludge volume amounted to approx. 14 kg of DM/inhabitant/year. 

25.00 

20.00 

15.00 

10.00 

5.00 

0.00 

Page 30 

in 1000 t of DM/year 

20.61 20.56 

Volume trends of sewage sludge 

22.55 

21.73 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Fig. 15: Trends in collection volumes of sewage sludge, 1996 - 2003 20 , data provided by 

sewage treatment plant operators 

3.2.9 Waste from trade and industry, without municipal waste 

To date, the Federal Environment Agency 21 has recorded data on waste from trade and industry in 

3-year-intervals and published these data in reports associated with the Federal Waste Management 

Plan. The data are presented on a national level; current separate data for Styria are at present not 

available. 

3.2.10 Demolition and construction waste and excavated soil 

Only insufficient data on collected volumes of demolition and construction waste and excavated soil 

can be provided for Styria, hence the figures vary considerably. In the report "BASS - Bauwesen - 

Abfallstrategien in der Steiermark 22 " initiated by FA 19D in 2000, the volume of construction waste is 

estimated to reach an average of 2.5m t/year, the volume of excavated materials approx. 4m t. In the 

study "BRIST - Baurestmassen in der Steiermark" (Demolition and Construction Waste in Styria), a 

19 

DM (dry matter): Due to the varying humidity content of sewage sludge, dry matter is introduced for better 

comparability. Dry matter is determined at T = 105°C until weight stability is reached. 

20 

Klärschlammentsorgung in der Steiermark - Derzeitige Entsorgungssituation ("Sewage sludge disposal in 

Styria - Current waste management situation"), Urs Lesky, presentation notes of sewage sludge investigation 

held in Graz, June 17 2003 

21 

Umweltbundesamt GmbH, expert authority of the federal government in Austria for environmental protection 

and environmental control - www.umweltbundesamt.at 

22 

"BASS - Construction Engineering - Waste strategies in Styria", TU Vienna, Institute for Water Quality, 

Resources and Waste Management, Division of Waste Management - in collaboration with Data Organisation 

& Consulting and Consulting Engineer Office DI Walter Jereb, Vienna, April 2000 

23.28 

21.79 

23.80 

22.65


quantitative and qualitative analysis of construction materials used, of existing buildings, and of the 

quantity of demolition and construction waste is provided. 

From that, the annual waste volume of demolition and construction waste and excavated materials in 

Styria is extrapolated based on various data and literature references (Tab. 7 and 8). 

Demolition and construction waste in m t/year 

Method from to 

Federal Waste Management Plan 1998 0.94 

Other literature references 0.32 1.4 

Calculation based on construction activities 1.1 2.7 

Extrapolation based on demolition activities 2.0 3.3 

Collected volume (waste management) 0.3 

Estimated demolition and construction waste 

volumes 

2 - 3m t/year 

Tab. 7: Spectrum of demolition and construction waste volumes in Styria, without excavated 

materials 

Excavated materials m t/year 

Method from to 

Federal Waste Management Plan 1998 4.5 

Other literature references 1.7 3.6 

Calculation based on construction activities 3,7 7.2 

Extrapolation based on investigations 9.6 

Collected volume (waste management) 0.3 

Estimated volume to be landfilled per year minimum 4m t/year 

Tab. 8: Spectrum of excavated material volumes in Styria 

Page 31

3.3 Waste collection 


Pursuant to the requirements of § 7 para. 4 and para. 5 StAWG 2004, the collection of mixed 

municipal waste (residual waste) is organized by the municipalities. It is performed with collection 

vehicles intended for this purpose or, in case of outsourcing collection to private collection companies, 

with standardized containers or bags (pick-up system). In many municipalities, container sizes or bag 

quantities are defined according to individual household sizes. Collection intervals are adjusted to 

regional needs. 

Of the 543 Styrian municipalities (as at January 1 2005: 542 municipalities), 477 have outsourced the 

collection of mixed municipal waste to private waste disposal companies. In 50 municipalities, the 

collection is performed by communal companies, and in 16 municipalities, these tasks are executed 

within a public private partnership model (PPP model). 


The collection of bulky waste is executed either as pick-up or bring-it-yourself system. For the pick-up 

system, open collection vehicles or waste compactor vehicles are used to collect bulky waste within 

special collection activities. Some waste management associations offer bulky waste collection on 

request via telephone. Within the bring-it-yourself system, bulky waste is taken over by waste material 

collection centers in a controlled way. 


Approximately 51% of biogenic household waste is collected in organic waste containers (pick-up 

system). The remaining quantity is on the whole recovered via home or community composting on 

site. This helps to avoid transport ways, and the compost generated is used in the collector's own 

garden. Moreover, biogenic garden and park waste (tree and bush cuttings) and cemetery waste are 

collected via specific municipal collection structures (i.e. chaff service), by socio-economic companies, 

or by companies on site. 


Since the implementation of the Packaging Ordinance in 1993, all enterprises that place packagings 

on the market are responsible for the collection and recovery of this packaging waste. They can 

transfer their obligations as defined in the Packaging Ordinance to operators of collection and 

recovery systems (system operators). The system operators' actual scope of activity includes 

households, industry, or both. Some system operators (formerly referred to as sectoral recycling 

companies, Branchenrecyclinggesellschaften BRGs) are associated under the umbrella organization 

of the ARA system ("Waste Material Recycling Austria") (Fig. 16). 

Page 32 

Fig. 16: 

ARA System - Austria


Waste materials and packaging waste are collected via the pick-up system as well as bring-it-yourself 

system. In the pick-up system, light packagings are collected in "yellow bags" or "yellow containers". In 

some regions, the collection of paper and cardboard as well as paper packagings is also organized as 

pick-up system (collections organized near private households). In the bring-it-yourself system, 

collection points and waste material collection centers are available for the collection of paper, glass, 

packaging metals, and light packaging waste (plastic and composite materials). 

Other waste types that can be disposed of at waste material collection centers include further 

recoverable waste materials (such as e.g. ferrous scrap, flat glass, waste wood, etc.) and other waste 

types (such as demolition and construction waste, waste of animal origin to be passed on to animal 

body recovery). For the obligatory collection of this waste of animal origin, FA 19D of the Province of 

Styria has supported the implementation of 314 refrigerated collection points (animal body recovery 

cooling boxes) for the last 10 years. To a large extent these cooling boxes have been integrated into 

waste material collection centers, but also into community Bauhof facilities and sewage treatment 

plants. They thus help to dispose of around 420 Styrian municipalities' animal body recovery waste. 

In 2003, as many as 374 Styrian waste material collection centers were available for the collection of 

waste materials, packagings, and other waste types. Further waste material collection centers are 

currently being built or planned. Figure 17 illustrates the close interaction between the number of 

waste material collection centers and collection volumes. 

Number of waste material collection centers 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

73.8 

136 

Volume of waste materials 

incl. waste wood 

81.9 

220 

Collection of waste materials incl. waste wood, related to waste material collection centers 

108.5 108.5 

290 

317 

116.3 

334 

124.7 

335 

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

Fig. 17: Trends in waste material collection centers and collection volumes of waste materials, 1993 - 2004 

3.3.4.1 Waste paper 

For organizational and technical reasons the collection of waste paper is now established as a mixed 

collection form: paper, cardboard, and paper packagings are jointly collected within the municipal 

collection system. On Austrian average, the amount of paper packagings in this collection system 

amounted to an approximate weight percentage of 19% in 1994 and continuously decreased to a 

weight percentage of 13.8% (around 11,103 tonnes) in 2003. 

127.5 

340 

136.6 

351 

142.7 

357 

138.1 

363 

139.5 

374 

141.5 

380 

160.0 

140.0 

120.0 

100.0 

80.0 

60.0 

40.0 

20.0 

0.0 

Volume of waste materials [kg/inhab/year] 

Page 33

The collection is organized by waste management associations and by ARO ("Waste Paper Recycling 

Organization Company") and is implemented in collaboration with the municipalities. It is important to 

note that ARO is responsible for packagings only; the collection of the remaining waste paper 

(especially newspapers and printed forms) lies within the municipalities' responsibility. 

Paper, carton, paperboard, and corrugated fiberboard are collected via the pick-up as well as the 

bring-it-yourself system. In the bring-it-yourself system, waste paper is collected in collection points 

and waste material collection centers. In the pick-up system, collection containers of 120 l and 240 l 

are available. 

In Styria, around 86,082 collection containers are available for the collection of paper and paper 

packagings. The collection frequency is regionally different: collections can be performed every 

fortnight (urban region) or monthly (rural structure). According to data provided by ARO, the volume of 

the collection containers provided amounts to 32,911 m³. Taking into account a collection every 

14 days, the average specific collection volume is approx. 723 l/inhabitant/year. 

3.3.4.2 Waste glass 

Within the ARA system, the sectoral company Austria Glass Recycling (AGR) is responsible for the 

collection of glass packagings. In collaboration with the associations, AGR runs an extensive 

collection system for clear and stained glass. 

In Styria 28,430 containers are available for the collection of empty glass. In urban areas, the 

collection is executed up to 53 times a year, in rural regions it is frequently performed on a monthly 

basis. On average, the containers are emptied approx. 15 times a year. According to AGR 

(Environment Declaration 2004), the specific collection volume amounts to 145l/inhabitant/year. 

Flat glass (e.g. window glass) is collected separately within bulky waste collection or in numerous 

waste material collection centers. It is passed on to Fa. Schirmbeck in Kraubath an der Mur where it is 

processed and handed on for further recovery. 

3.3.4.3 Waste metals 

As a result of collection structures which have developed differently according to region, mixed 

collection systems as well as pure packaging collections are in existence. 

In 2003, the average share of residual waste in municipal mixed waste collections amounted to a 

weight percentage of 12% (approx. 680 tonnes) in Styria, the share of non-packagings was a weight 

percentage of 12.4% (approx. 706 tonnes). Packaging metals are mainly collected within the bring-ityourself 

system in waste material collection centers or collection points. Furthermore, waste metal and 

ferrous scrap are separately collected within bulky waste collections and in waste material collection 

centers. 

Collection and sorting of metal packagings (ferrometals and aluminum) is organized and performed by 

ARGEV ("Consortium Packaging Recycling") in collaboration with municipalities, waste management 

associations, and the private waste disposal industry. 17,650 collection containers are available in 

Styria for this purpose. In some regions, metal packagings are collected together with lightweight 

packagings and are subsequently sorted out. The average collection interval lies between 2 (urban 

area) and 6 (rural area) weeks, the specific collection volume is 113 l/inhabitant/year according to 

ARA. 

Page 34

3.3.4.4 Lightweight fraction 


Within the municipal lightweight fraction collection system implemented by ARGEV, all packagings 

made of plastic, wood, textile fibers, ceramics, and material composites are collected in the "yellow 

bag" or "yellow container". Country-wide 45,889 collection containers are available in Styria for this 

purpose and 243,501 households are serviced by a bag collection system. 

The average collection interval is between 2 and 6 weeks (in particular in the case of bag collection). 

According to data provided in the "ARA Report 2003", the provided specific container volume is 

566 l/inhabitant/year. In 2003, the gross collection volume of the municipal lightweight fraction (Fig. 

11) in Styria contained the following mass fractions: materially identical non-packagings, weight 

percentage 7.6% (approx. 1,609 tonnes); residual waste, weight percentage 18.4% (approx. 3,895 

tonnes); and wood, weight percentage 0.3% (approx. 63.5 tonnes). 

Composite drinks cartons are collected separately by Fa. ÖKOBOX and also within the ARGEV 

collection system ("yellow bag" or "yellow container"). 

Moreover, the total remaining plastic waste (e.g. foils, polystyrene, toys, etc.) is accepted and 

collected separately within the bulky waste collection and in waste material collection centers. 

In four municipalities of the Mürzverband, a pilot project for the joint collection of plastic packagings 

and plastic non-packagings was carried out. This deliberate opening towards the collection of plastic 

non-packagings did not lead to a relevant increase in collection volumes. In any case, it did not reduce 

the load on the residual waste collection as expected. 

3.3.4.5 Waste wood 

According to the requirements of wood treatment plants, waste wood is already collected separately 

with regard to certain waste wood qualities or is delivered as "mixed fraction" in sorting and processing 

plants. On community level, the collection is either performed on site (pick-up system, separate bulky 

waste collection) or via waste material collection centers (bring-it-yourself system). Waste wood is 

collected at industry and trade company sites in a similar way. 

3.3.4.6 Textiles 

The collection of textiles (e.g. old clothes and non-packagings made of textile fibers) is organized by 

the private waste disposal industry and also performed by NGOs (Red Cross, Caritas, Humana, etc.). 

Furthermore, old textiles can be passed on to waste material collection centers. In addition, reusable 

(wearable) textiles are accepted in church-related collection centers. 

As already mentioned packaging materials made of textile fibers can be collected in the "yellow bag" 

or "yellow container". 


The collection of problematic substances is either performed in the collection centers (collection cells 

for problematic substances) implemented by the municipalities for this purpose or at least twice a year 

within a mobile problematic substance collection by authorized waste collectors. The collected 

problematic substances are passed on to authorized collectors of waste or processors of hazardous 

waste (cf. § 25 AWG 2002). 

Page 35


In 1995, an extensive collection system for waste cooking oils and fats was introduced. They are 

collected in collection buckets called "Fetty". For households, 3.5 and 5 l collection buckets are 

available; for industry, the volume is 30 l. The filled buckets are taken over in waste material collection 

centers and exchanged against empty ones. 

Separate collection also helps to save costs in waste water treatment and sewer maintenance since 

waste cooking oils and fats contained in waste water can cause depositions and blockages in the 

sewer system. 


Waste electrical and electronic equipment from households is separately collected in three fractions 

(large appliances, screen appliances, small appliances) via the existing municipal waste material 

collection centers and collection cells for problematic substances. Refrigeration equipment and lamps 

(fluorescent lamps) are collected within the problematic substances collection as before. Additionally, 

retailers of electrical and electronic equipment take back old appliances when new ones are bought. 

Within the national implementation of EU Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic 

Equipment of February 13 2003 (Federal Law Gazette II No. 121/2005), these structures will be 

complemented by district collection centers of manufacturers or of placers on the market. 

The collection containers thereby used are oriented towards the requirement that the devices must not 

be damaged so as not to impede subsequent treatment operations to remove pollutants (disassembly 

of contaminated elements) and to avoid the release of the contained pollutants during storage and 

transport. 


Sewage sludge is a product of waste water treatment in community sewage treatment plants. 


To a large extent, the collection of waste from trade and industry is executed by private waste disposal 

companies. An obligation for affiliation to communal collection structures exists only for the field of 

municipal waste (§ 6 para. 1 StAWG 2004 "Obligation to tender delivery"). 

Release from this compulsory affiliation as laid down in § 6 para. 3 StAWG 2004 can only be granted 

on municipal order and only if the following requirements are met: 

� only on application of the property owner 

� only for companies (site-related, not for the entire company group!) 

� presentation of a waste management concept pursuant to § 10 AWG 2002 (i.e. only for 

companies with more than 20 employees) 

� proof that the municipalities are unable to meet the specific requirements with regard to 

collection logistics or that the waste management association is unable to meet the specific 

requirements with regard to waste treatment 

Note: All of the above requirements must be met! 

In this process, the respective waste management association has legal standing, i.e. it can 

take legal steps (e.g. appeal) against a municipal order! 


A correctly sorted waste collection, if possible already on site, is prerequisite for the recycling of 

demolition and construction waste. The Ordinance on the Separation of Waste generated during 

Page 36


Construction 23 requires the builder to separate all generated waste volumes exceeding a determined 

quantity according to material groups and to keep records on the waste volumes generated. The 

applied qualifying quantities per construction activity are listed in Table 9. 

Material group Qualifying quantity per construction activity [t] 

Mineral construction waste 40 

Concrete waste 20 

Excavated soil 20 

Construction site waste 10 

Asphalt waste and road construction 

waste 

Waste wood 5 

Waste metal 2 

Waste plastic 2 

Tab. 9: Qualifying quantities for the separate collection of demolition and construction waste 

The collection is mainly performed in containers of private waste disposal companies, which are 

placed directly at the construction site. Small waste quantities generated during renovation and home 

remodeling activities are also accepted in community waste material collection centers. 

23 Federal Law Gazette No. 259/1991 

5 

Page 37

3.4 Waste treatment 

The climatic relevance of waste management 

Waste management is one of the prime sources of methane emissions in Austria and therefore 

significantly contributes to anthropogenically induced climate change. Austria is obliged to reduce its 

greenhouse gas emissions until the target period 2008/2012 by 13% in comparison to 1990 by 

international agreements and by community law as a member state of the European Union. 

The reduction of climate-relevant emissions in the field of waste management is intended to contribute 

to the targeted reduction. In 1990 the greenhouse gas emissions from waste management amounted 

to the equivalent of 6.24m tonnes of CO2 for the whole of Austria. The goal Austria set for 2010 is to 

reduce the annual emission rate to the equivalent of only 3.7m tonnes of CO2. For the Austrian waste 

management industry, this corresponds to a reduction of greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 

2.54m tonnes of CO2 compared to 1990. Thereby, the share of Styrian waste management approx. 

corresponds to the equivalent of 13% or 330,000m tonnes of CO2 24 . 

The Austrian Climate Strategy 25 provides a comprehensive package of measures for the field of waste 

management. It focuses on the complete implementation of the Landfill Ordinance and the provision of 

treatment capacities required in this context. 


In Styria, it was possible to dispose of residual waste directly at mass landfills without pre-treatment up 

until December 31 2003. Towards the end of the 1970s, so-called waste composting facilities and 

waste sanitation facilities were established at the sites Aich-Assach (AWV Schladming), Liezen (AWV 

Liezen), Frojach-Katsch (AWV Murau), and Allerheiligen (AWV Mürzverband). Originally, these plants 

were designed for the joint treatment of household waste and sewage sludge as well as for the 

production of recyclable sanitized compost and a biologically stabilized landfill fraction. After the 

landfill situated in Köglerweg in the City of Graz had been closed, the waste sorting plant in Sturzgase 

was opened in 1985, thus generating among others a waste fraction rich in calorific value and a landfill 

fraction from household waste. Due to a lack of downstream treatment and recycling plants, the 

municipal waste of the City of Graz was mainly landfilled until the end of 2003. The residual waste 

splitting plants in Upper Styria allowed the mechanical-biological waste treatment of around 25% of 

mixed municipal waste from community collection (residual waste) even before the implementation of 

the Landfill Ordinance. At the same time, the backlog in processing was successfully landfilled. The 

remaining 75% were passed on directly to the mass landfills (Fig. 18). 

Since January 1 2004, the direct disposal of untreated waste has been prohibited in Styria. Therefore, 

suitable methods and appropriate technical concepts which can be applied in order to meet the 

requirements of the Landfill Ordinance (Study "Residual waste splitting", publication series issued by 

FA19D, volume 9, May 1999, and study "Waste management model Styria 2004") were considered in 

time. 

Since Styria already had the infrastructure required for waste treatment, the implementation of an 

extensive concept for mechanical-biological residual waste treatment (MBT) was pursued. 

24 

Klimarelevanz der Abfallwirtschaft in der Steiermark ("Climatic relevance of waste management in Styria"), 

FA 19D, Fröhlich/Himmel (2000) 

25 Austrian Climate Strategy 2002 to achieve the aims laid down in the Kyoto Protocol (1997). 

The climate strategy contains a package of measures to reduce emissions and focuses on the sectors 

energy generation, traffic, heat generation, industry, as well as agriculture, forestry, and waste management, 

BMLFUW (2002). 

Page 38


In collaboration between public and private waste management, the waste treatment plants required 

for a legally compliant treatment of waste have been projected, approved, and taken into operation 

even before the last adaptation period of the Landfill Ordinance entered into effect. Thereby, the 

private waste management industry has contributed significantly to the safe disposal of waste since 

2004 and has invested a total of approx. €130m in the construction or adaptation of splitting plants and 

biological and thermal treatment plants. 

Of the 4 "original" waste or sludge composting plants (waste sanitation facilities), 2 plants (Aich- 

Assach, Frojach-Katsch) are still operating as residual waste splitting plants. The landfills which used 

to exist at these two sites were closed in the meantime and the waste flows derived thereof are 

externally recovered or disposed of. 

Currently, a total of 9 residual waste splitting plants are operating in Styria (Table 10). In these 

facilities, municipal waste is split into a high calorific fraction for subsequent thermal treatment and into 

a low calorific fraction for subsequent biological treatment. 

Plant site Capacity in t/year Operator 

Aich-Assach 10,000 AWV Schladming 

Frojach-Katsch 14,000 AWV Murau 

Hartberg 10,000 AWV Hartberg 

St. Michael 65,000 Fa. Mayer/Säumel 

Graz 75,000 AEVG 

Graz 13,000 Fa. Saubermacher 

St. Margareten an der Raab 45,000 Fa. Müllex 

Markt Hartmannsdorf 9,900 Fa. Müllex 

Fisching 34,900 Fa. Trügler 

Total capacity: 276,800 

Tab. 10: Residual waste splitting plants for municipal waste, with processing capacities 

In order to provide a legally compliant framework for the disposal of Styrian municipal waste starting 

January 1 2004, new mechanical-biological residual waste treatment plants (MBTs) have been 

established at the sites Halbenrain and Frohnleiten. In the case of the Frohnleiten site, mechanical 

processing of the waste is performed by AEVG in Graz. At the site of the former waste sanitation 

facility Liezen, a new MBT with extended treatment capacity has been built, incorporating available 

and usable components of the former plant. At the site Allerheiligen im Mürztal, the tunnel composting 

plant already built in 1996 has been run as state-of-the-art MBT after an adaptation of the operational 

mode. Hence, four state-of-the-art MBT facilities for residual waste with a processing capacity of 

182,000 t/year are currently operating in Styria (Table 11). 


Allerheiligen 17,000 AWV Mürzverband 

Halbenrain 75,000 A.S.A. Abfallservice Halbenrain GmbH & Co Nfg KG 

Frohnleiten 65,000 Servus Abfall - biologische Stufe 

Liezen 25,000 AWV Liezen 


Tab. 11: Mechanical-biological treatment plants in Styria, with processing capacities 

Page 39

Since January 2004, approx. 64% of mixed municipal waste from community collection (residual 

waste) is mechanically treated ("splitting"). The waste fractions generated during this process are 

biologically treated (57%), materially recovered (3%), or thermally recovered (39%). The remaining 

36% are treated in mechanical-biological plants, whereby the output material is either recovered 

materially (4%) or thermally (57%), or disposed of at mass landfills (39%; Fig. 19). Currently, the 

fractions ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal, various synthetic materials (PET, PE, etc.), waste 

wood, and packaging glass are of particular interest for material recovery. Composting losses which 

may occur during biological treatment are not included in Figures 18 and 19. 

2003 

Mixed municipal 

waste (Residual 

waste) 

135.000 

Fig. 18: Waste flow of mixed municipal waste (residual waste), 2003, in tonnes 

Page 40 

Collection 

33.750 

Mechanical / 

biological treatment 

101.250 

759 

24.553 

Material recovery 

INPUT: 759 [t/year] 

Landfilling 

INPUT: 

125.803 [t/year]

2004 

Mixed municipal 

waste (residual 

waste) 

135.000 [t/year] 

Collection 

89.910 

45.090 


Fig. 19: Waste flow of mixed municipal waste (residual waste), 2004, in tonnes 

"Splitting" 

Mechanical/biological 

treatment 

In addition to mechanical-biological waste treatment (MBT), mixed municipal waste (residual waste) in 

Styria is processed thermally after suitable treatment in mono-incineration plants (exclusive use of 

waste) and in industrial and commercial co-incineration plants (use of waste as auxiliary fuels). 

Furthermore, several Styrian company-owned incineration and pyrolysis plants exclusively treat 

internally generated commercial and industrial waste. 

Since January 1 2004, TRV ("Thermal residual waste recovery") Niklasdorf, which is run by Fa. 

Energie- und Abfallverwertungsgesellschaft m.b.H (ENAGES), has been operating in Styria as 

fluidized bed firing plant with an annual capacity of just under 100,000 t. In this plant, residual 

materials generated during the treatment of municipal, commercial, and industrial waste and sewage 

sludge are recovered thermally. 

During the waste incineration in the Niklasdorf facility, steam and electricity are generated in a 

25 megawatt fluidized bed vessel, which is used by the directly connected paper mill Brigl & 

Bergmeister. By release of process heat, the thermal recovery plant achieves efficiency factors 

between 75% and 85%. 

47.832 

39.381 

17.450 

19.970 

2.697 

1.357 

Biological 

treatment 

Thermal treatment 

32.048 

3.694 

Material 

recovery 

INPUT: 4.055 [t/year] 

Landfilling 

INPUT: 

55.712 [t/year] 

Page 41

In accordance with the Waste Incineration Ordinance 26 , co-incineration plants are defined as plants 

whose main purpose is the generation of energy or production of material products and: 

• which use wastes as a regular or auxiliary fuel; or 

• in which waste is thermally treated for the purpose of disposal. If co-incineration takes place in 

such a way that the main purpose of the plant is not the generation of energy or production of 

material products but rather the thermal treatment of waste, the plant is regarded as an 

incineration plant. 

In Styria, two cement works (Lafarge-Perlmooser in Retznei and Wietersdorfer & Peggauer in Peggau) 

serve as waste co-incineration plants, providing a total capacity of approx. 57,000 t/year. This includes 

thermal recovery of certain fractions from the communal collection of mixed municipal waste (high 

calorific values from residual waste splitting or from mechanical/biological waste treatment). However, 

only processed waste of certain quality with low heavy metal content may be used in these plants; the 

use of untreated mixed municipal waste (residual waste) is not allowed. 

In order to process quality-defined refuse derived fuels from municipal and industrial waste, a fuel 

processing plant was built at the Retznei site in immediate vicinity of the cement work of Fa. Lafarge- 

Perlmooser. This plant which has been planned, constructed, and operated by Fa. ThermoTeam is 

Austria's most modern fuel processing plant for the production of refuse derived fuels and has an input 

capacity of around 100,000 t/year. 


Niklasdorf 100,000 ENAGES mbH 

Cement work Peggau)* 16,500 Wietersdorfer & Peggauer GmbH 

Cement work Retznei)* 39,999 Lafarge Perlmooser GmbH 


)* co-incineration plants 

Tab. 12: Thermal waste treatment plants for municipal waste, 2004 

Since January 2004, ten mass landfills have been available in Styria for the disposal of corresponding 

material from the mechanical-biological waste treatment plants (Fig. 20). Until December 31 2003, 

between 500,000 and 850,000 tonnes of waste were landfilled there every year. When the 

implementation of the Landfill Ordinance is complete, waste volumes from the field of municipal waste 

to be landfilled are expected to shrink by approx. 70%. After closure of the mass landfills Hitzendorf 

and Knittelfeld on December 31 2003, around 3.7m m 3 of free landfill volume were available on Styrian 

mass landfills at the beginning of 2004 (Fig. 21, Table 13). 

26 Federal Law Gazette II No. 389/2002 

Page 42

Fig. 20: Mass landfills in Styria, as at January 1 2004 

8.000.000 

7.000.000 

6.000.000 

5.000.000 

4.000.000 

3.000.000 

2.000.000 

1.000.000 

0 

in cubic meter (m3) 

2.100.000 

1.800.000 

1.500.000 

3.700.000 


Remaining capacities of Styrian mass landfills, in m3 

Source: Data provided by landfill operators within yearly landfill investigations 

6.000.000 

7.200.000 

6.600.000 

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Fig. 21: Remaining capacities of Styrian mass landfills, 1990 - 2003 27 

27 Data provided by landfill operators 

7.300.000 

6.800.000 

6.300.000 

5.700.000 

5.200.000 

4.500.000 

3.700.000 

Page 43

Landfill site 

Page 44 

Remaining capacity (rounded) 

at the end of 2003 [m 3 ] 

Landfill operator 

Frohnleiten 1,183,400 Gemeindebetriebe Frohnleiten GmbH. 

St.Johann in der Haide 454,700 AWV Hartberg 

Judenburg/Gasselsdorf 204,000 Stadtwerke Judenburg AG 

Eisenerz 720,000 Restmüllverwertungs-GmbH (RMVG ) 

Bad Aussee 68,000 Wasserverband Ausseerland 


Allerheiligen/Mürztal 152,000 AWV Mürzverband 

Halbenrain 75,000 A.S.A. Abfallservice Halbenrain 

Rosental 750,000* MDK GmbH 

Markt Hartmannsdorf/Oed 10,100 Marktgemeinde Markt Hartmannsdorf/Oed 

Sum 3,672,200 

Tab. 13: Mass landfills with remaining capacities, January 2004, after closure of the landfills in 

Pausendorf/Knittelfeld and Hitzendorf 

* incl. landfill for remaining materials 


In Styria, bulky municipal waste is shredded in mechanical waste treatment plants. After separation of 

the shares of waste metal and waste wood suitable for material recovery, the remaining fraction 

consisting of waste wood-plastic composites, plastics, and textiles is processed to refuse derived fuels 

(cf. chapter 3.4.1 "Mixed municipal waste"). 


Basically, there are two possible treatments for biogenic waste: aerobic treatment (composting) and 

anaerobic treatment (fermentation/biogas production). In both fields, collaboration between waste 

management associations, private waste disposal companies, and agriculture resulted in the 

construction of decentralized treatment plants in Styria. 

After the treatment of biogenic waste in composting facilities (compost plants), it is returned to the 

natural cycle as high-quality compost if the criteria laid down in the Compost Ordinance 2001 28 

(external quality assessment) are met. Residues from biogas facilities are also recovered as highquality 

fertilizer in agriculture if the required quality criteria are complied with. 

By January 2004, eleven composting plants (communal/commercial) with an approved processing 

capacity of around 39,400 t/year were operating in Styria (Fig. 22, Tab. 14). 

Moreover, there are three processing plants at the sites Lannach, St. Michael in Upper Styria, and in 

Graz, where collected municipal biogenic waste is mixed with structure material. The processed 

biogenic waste is then passed on to farmers for composting. 

28 

Federal Law Gazette II No. 292/2001 - Ordinance on Quality Requirements for Composts Made from Waste, 

(Compost Ordinance 2001)


Plant site Approved capacity [t/year] Plant operator 

Leutschach 5,000 Fa. Musger - ARGE Süd 


Bad Gleichenberg 500 Gemeinde Bad Gleichenberg 

Bad Gams 2,500 Groß Franz 

St. Margarethen/Knittelfeld 12,500 Fa. Naturgut 

Allerheiligen 5,500 AWV Mürzverband 

Fürstenfeld 1,200 Stadtwerke Fürstenfeld GmbH 

Judenburg 1,800 Stadtgemeinde Judenburg AG 

Straß in Steiermark 500 Marktgemeinde Straß/Steiermark 

Trofaiach 800 Stadtwerke Trofaiach 

Total capacity 36,300 

Tab. 14: Communal and commercial composting plants, 2004 

Fig. 22: Biological waste treatment plants, as at January 2004 

Besides communal and commercial composting plants (minimum processing capacity 300 t/year), 

approx. 90 farmers process separately collected biogenic waste within agricultural home and 

commercial composting. 

In co-fermentation biogas plants, commercial fertilizers of animal origin (liquid manure from cattle and 

pig) and agricultural products or agro-industrial waste, such as grained maize, silage maize, vinasse, 

feeding stuff, food stuff, drinks, and tobacco are jointly processed. 

Page 45

These products are fermented in biogas plants. The fermentation residue (biogas manure) is 

distributed by manure suppliers and applied to farmland as fertilizer. The selection of waste that can 

undergo fermentation is crucial to this process; e.g. waste contaminated with heavy metals would 

subsequently lead to an elevated concentration of heavy metals in farmland. Biogas is a universal 

source of energy since it can be utilized via block heating stations for the generation of electricity or 

heat (district heating, drying plants). 

As at January 2004, as many as 32 biogas plants 29 were operating in Styria, 9 were being planned or 

built (Fig. 23). Of that number, 15 co-fermentation plants are relevant for waste management. 

Fig. 23: Biogas plants in Styria, as at January 2004 



In Styria, waste paper is entirely recovered materially. Waste paper is the prime raw material for paper 

production with regard to quantity. On average, waste paper can be utilized six times for recycling. 

Waste paper generated in households must be sorted in order to obtain adequate qualities. In the 

fields of industry, trade, and commerce, waste is separately collected on site wherever possible to 

achieve unmixed quality. In Styria, the companies Mayr-Melnhof Karton GmbH & Co KG in 

Frohnleiten, Norske Skog in Bruck/Mur, Rosegg & Rothwangl in Koglhof, and Bauernfeind Roman 

Papierfabrik AG in Frohnleiten accept paper and paperboards for recovery 30 . 


An adequate unmixed collection of glass packagings (clear and stained glass) provided, waste glass 

is the best packaging material with regard to material recovery. Sorted and processed waste glass is 

melted in glassworks, and new glass packagings for food and drinks are produced. Thereby, primary 

29 Source: Local Energy Agency Eastern Styria, www.lea.at 

30 Database of the Umweltbundesamt, www.umweltbundesamt.at 

Page 46


raw materials (sand, lime, sodium) can be saved in the sense of sustainable material flow 

management. In Styria, waste glass is recovered in the glassworks of Stölzle Oberglas AG in 

Köflach 31 . However, preference should be given to refilling bottles and glasses (controlled reuse 

system) before material recovery of waste glass. 

Flat glass collected and temporarily stored at Fa. Schirmbeck in Kraubath is passed on to various 

recovery companies according to market requirements. It is not possible to produce packaging glass 

from flat glass! 

3.4.4.3 Waste metal 

The separate collection of metals (scrap) helps to save raw materials, energy, and landfill volumes. 

Iron can be recovered as secondary raw material either immediately or after pre-processing in 

steelworks. Aluminium, frequently used as packaging material or in the automobile industry, can be 

transformed into a high-quality product by re-melting. This requires only around 5% of the energy that 

would be needed to produce the same amount of aluminum from crude ore. 

In Styria, four companies melt waste metals: Marienhütte in Graz processes tinplate cans and other 

ferrous packaging metals. Ferrous scrap is melted by VOEST in Donawitz, Böhlerwerke in 

Kapfenberg, as well as Breitenfelder Eisenwerke. 

3.4.4.4 Lightweight fraction and synthetic materials 

The sectoral recycling company ÖKK 32 is responsible for the recovery of plastic packagings. In order 

to obtain unmixed fractions, packaging lightweight fractions collected in the "yellow bag" or "yellow 

container" are sorted. The fractions gained are converted into recyclate, which is then further 

processed into marketable products. Among others, the following fractions are materially recycled: 

• LDPE foils (low density polyethylen): Most foil packaging is made of this material; waste bags, 

pipes, buckets, etc. are produced from the recyclate of these foils. 

• HDPE (high density polyethylen): This plastic is mainly used for the production of bottles for dish 

liquids, detergents, and cleaning agents and is recycled for the same purpose. Mixed with LDPE 

recyclate, it can be utilized for the production of profiles, pipes, etc. 

• PET bottles: PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is mainly utilized for light and break-proof single 

use bottles and controlled reuse system bottles. Compared to other synthetic packaging materials, 

PET is relatively expensive; accordingly, the demand for the recyclate is high. In new products, 

PET recyclate can be utilized as middle layer in drink bottles. Dish liquid bottles, foils, or other 

packagings can be entirely produced from PET recyclate. The recyclate can also be used for 

fibers, e.g. in anoraks or sleeping bags. 

• PS (polystyrene) and PP (polypropylene) are frequently utilized as cans for yogurt and other dairy 

products. Recycling products are e.g. flower pots, components for the electrical industry, etc. 

• EPS - foamed materials: EPS (expanded polystyrene, Styro-foam) is mainly utilized in 

construction for thermal insulation purposes. 


32 Österreichischer Kunststoffkreislauf AG ("Austrian Plastics Circuit") 

Page 47

Besides material recovery, waste plastic is recovered thermally in industrial and commercial coincineration 

plants after adequate processing. Thereby, the high calorific value of these materials is 

exploited. In Styria, the company Ecoplast Kunststoffrecycling GmbH 33 in Wildon takes over plastic 

materials from packaging collection for recovery. 

Bonded drink cartons separately collected with the help of the "ÖKO-BOX" are materially recycled at 

Fa. Mayr-Melnhof Karton GmbH & Co KG in Frohnleiten (paper industry). Bonded drink cartons 

collected by ARGEV are thermally recovered. 


Untreated waste wood is recovered both in Styria (by Fa. Holzindustrie Preding GesmbH) and 

elsewhere according to its quality. It is either materially recovered in chipboard industry or, in the case 

of low quality, thermally recycled in industrial incineration plants. Treated waste wood is used in 

approved waste incineration plants outside of Styria for energy generation. 


It is determined whether textile clothing is still wearable; if so it is passed on to those who might need 

it. Non-wearable textiles are mechanically ripped and shredded. In several working steps, the obtained 

fibers are processed in spinning companies or weaving mills. Factory new clothes can consist of up to 

a quarter of recycled fibers. Also, non-woven materials for different purposes can be made of these 

fibers. In paper and cardboard industry, low-quality textiles are defibrated by means of heat. Then the 

fibers are mixed with other materials and processed to papers and cardboards (e.g. tar paper) in a 

machine-aided process. Another possibility for recycling old textile fibers is to use them as insulation 

material. 


Problematic substances are hazardous waste materials from households and have various chemical 

properties. They are treated (disposed of) in chemical-physical or thermal treatment plants. While 

waste oils and waste solvents of mineral origin are treated in Styria, the main part of hazardous waste 

materials (problematic substances) is incinerated in the disposal plant of Fernwärme Wien (District 

Heating Vienna), which is the only large-scale incineration plant for hazardous waste materials in 

Austria. 


In Styria, separately collected waste cooking oils and fats are mainly processed in the 

transesterification plant of Fa. SEEG in Mureck for biodiesel production. Waste cooking oils and fats 

can be used as raw materials for chemical industry as well as for the production of soft soap or 

cleaning agents, such as at Fa. Ott in Judenburg. In biogas plants, waste cooking oils or glycerol 

phase, the by-product of biodiesel production, can be used as cosubstrate. 

In 2004, the company Öko-Service in Graz started up the first block heating station which is directly 

operated by means of waste cooking oils and fats. The energy generated covers the entire energy and 

heating needs for the site at Asperngasse in Graz and helps saving 20,000 l of heating oil per year. 


Page 48



In compliance with the requirements of the Waste Treatment Obligations Ordinance, Federal Law 

Gazette II No. 459/2004, and the requirements of Ö-NORM (Austrian Standards Institute) 2106 (date 

of issue: January 1 1998), waste electrical and electronic equipment must be subjected to a manual 

elimination of pollutants (disassembly of elements containing pollutants, e.g. condensers, mercury 

switches, etc.) before its recovery as primary material. Thereby, the pollutants contained in certain 

large electrical or electronic appliances (e.g. washing machines) are already eliminated in the waste 

material collection centers. Any other waste electrical or electronic equipment is processed by 

authorized waste processors according to the requirements of the collected fractions (large 

appliances, small appliances, screen appliances, refrigeration equipment, fluorescent lamps). 

Furthermore, waste electrical and electronic equipment is collected and specifically processed by 

socio-economic companies in collaboration with waste management associations or private disposal 

companies in Styria. For instance, the waste management association Feldbach and the socioeconomic 

company CHAMÄLEON 34 founded a joint project on environmental and social issues. 

BEST 35 in Voitsberg (offers transport services for electrical and electronic scrap, among others), BAN 36 

and Öko-Service 37 in Graz, and GBL 38 in Liezen which has been working together with the waste 

disposal company Rumpold in Unterpremstätten for years are further examples for similar initiatives in 

this field. Hence, major efforts were already made in Styria with regard to the collection and recovery 

of waste electrical and electronic equipment before implementing the Waste Electrical and Electronic 

Equipment Ordinance, Federal Law Gazette II No. 121/2005, based on EU Directive 2002/96/EC on 

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, became compulsory at the latest on August 13, 2005. 


By December 2003, 506 sewage treatment plants for more than 50 inhabitants with a purification 

capacity for 2.03m inhabitants were operated in Styria. The plant utilization amounted to approx. 82% 

which corresponds to approx. 1.67m inhabitants. Before they are passed on, sewage sludges from 

municipal treatment plants in Styria undergo a stabilization process (57% aerobic, 43% anaerobic). 

In accordance with current regulations laid down in the Styrian Sewage Sludge Ordinance 39 , 38% of 

the sewage sludge volume is transferred directly to agricultural companies, whereas the remaining 

62% are passed on to authorized waste processors for subsequent treatment (soilification, 

composting, incineration). 

The disposal and recovery methods of municipal sewage sludge in Styria are illustrated in Figure 24. 

34 

Chamäleon – Atelier für Textilarbeit und Dienstleistungen ("Atelier for textile work and services"), Feldbach 

35 

BEST Voitsberg 

36 

BAN - Beratung, Arbeit, Neubeginn ("Advice, work, new start"): employment company whose main goal is the 

reintegration of former long-term unemployed people into the first labor market through temporary 

employment in a normal market situation 

37 

Öko-Service GmbH – Gemeinnützige Beschäftigungs- und Qualifizierungsgesellschaft, Graz: non-profit 

employment and qualification company for unemployed people 

38 

GBL - Gemeinnützige Beschäftigungsgesellschaft m.b.H. Liezen: non-profit employment and qualification 

company for long term unemployed people 

39 

Provincial Law Gazette No. 89/1987 as amended in Provincial Law Gazette No. 73/2003 

Page 49

Page 50 

Disposal and recovery methods of municipal sewage sludge 

22,650 t of DM in the reference year 2003 

Source: data provided by sewage treatment plant operators or FA19A 

Landscaping 

32% 

Landfill 

24% 

Agriculture 

27% 

Incineration 

9% 

Others 

8% 

Fig. 24: Disposal and recovery methods of municipal sewage sludge, as at 2003 

Data provided by sewage treatment plant operators 

Plant site Sewage sludge treatment Operator 

MBT Niklasdorf incineration ENAGES 

Cement work Retznei co-incineration Lafarge-Perlmooser (Project) 

Kraftwerk Mellach co-incineration Verbund Austrian Thermal Power GmbH&Co KG 

Halbenrain mechanical-biological A.S.A. Abfallservice Halbenrain GmbH & Co Nfg KG 

Frohnleiten mechanical-biological Servus Abfall 

Liezen mechanical-biological AWV Liezen 

Allerheiligen mechanical-biological AWV Mürzverband 

Gössendorf technical drying AEVG 

Frohnleiten technical drying ABL - Abfallbehandlung-Logistik Frohnleiten GmbH. 

Dobl-Muttendorf solar drying RHV Unteres Kainachtal 

Sebersdorf solar drying RHV Safen-Saifental 

Gratkorn incineration SAPPI 

Tab. 15: Sewage treatment plants in Styria, as at 2004 

3.4.8.1 Landfilling 

In 2003, around one quarter of the total sewage sludge volume was landfilled, which corresponds to 

approx. 5,400 t of DM 40 . Since January 1 2004, landfilling of untreated or solely dehydrated sewage 

sludge has been prohibited. 

40 DM (dry matter): Due to the varying humidity content of sewage sludge, dry matter is introduced for better 

comparability. Dry matter is determined at T = 105°C until weight stability is reached.

3.4.8.2 Thermal treatment of sewage sludge (incineration) 


In 2003 approx. 2,000 t of DM municipal sewage sludge were thermally recovered. This corresponds 

to 9% of the total municipal sewage sludge volume in Styria. Municipal and industrial sewage sludge is 

co-incinerated in the fluidized bed firing plants of the paper mills of the companies Norske Skog and 

Sappi as well as in the liquor recovery boilers of Fa. Pöls. 

3.4.8.3 Sewage sludge drying 

Sewage sludge from the sewage treatment plant Graz-Gössendorf is treated in the directly connected 

MBT plant for sewage sludge drying which is operated by AEVG. The sewage sludge of RHV Safen- 

Saifental and RHV Lannach-Dobl is dried in solar-powered sewage sludge drying plants 41 . 

3.4.8.4 Sewage sludge composting 

In the last years, an increasing part of sewage sludge has been composted. Approx. 21% of the 

sewage sludge volume (4,865 t of DM) was composted by the operators of municipal sewage 

treatment plants, and 26% (5,837 t of DM) were composted by thirds. 

3.4.8.5 Sewage sludge soilification 

Currently, around 2% of the sewage sludge volumes undergo soilification processes. Thereby, the 

sewage sludge is dehydrated by natural means in soilification plants - which are usually planted with 

reed beds - and are transformed into a nutrient-rich substrate. 


As far as possible, waste from trade and industry is recovered within production processes. Some 

companies recycle their waste using in-house waste treatment plants. Unlike municipal waste volume, 

no secured data are available for waste volumes generated by trade and industry. Private waste 

disposal companies dispose of waste from trade and industry if no municipal waste is concerned. 

For the long-term disposal of inertized industrial residual materials with increased pollutant contents, 

7 residual material landfills are currently available in Styria. These landfills are mainly operated as inhouse 

facilities. 

Site (municipality) 

Remaining capacity 

in m 3 

Operator of residual material landfills 

Kapfenberg 100,000 Tongrube Ülmitz GmbH 

Eisenerz 720,000* Restmüllverwertungs-GmbH (RMVG ) 

Leoben 302,000 VOEST-Alpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH 

Ganz 9,200 Böhler Bleche GmbH 

Krieglach 10,000 Voest-Alpine Präzisrohrtechnik GmbH. 

Mitterdorf im Mürztal 230,000 Breitenfeld Edelstahl AG 

Rosental not specified GKB Graz Köflacher Eisenbahn- und Bergbau GmbH 

Total 1,371,200 

* together with mass waste landfill 

Tab. 16: Residual material landfills with their remaining capacities, as at December 2003 

41 

Erste solare Anlage zur Trocknung von Klärschlamm ("First solar-powered sewage sludge drying plant“), 

page 10 in Umweltschutz , November 2003, [16] 

Page 51


3.4.10.1 Excavated soil 

Depending on its quality, excavated soil can and should be used in different fields (e.g. for 

embankments, trench or culvert fillings, etc.). For non-recoverable soil excavations, 21 landfills for 

excavated soil materials are available in Styria. In 2002, around 103,800 t of excavated soil were 

disposed of on these landfills; by the end of 2002, their remaining capacity amounted to 1.6m m 3 . 


Page 52 


in m 3 

Operators of landfills for excavated soil materials 

Feldkirchen und Kalsdorf 67,300 AST Ed & Co BaugesmbH. 

Spital am Semmering 38,000 Huber Warenhandel und Transport GmbH 

Spital am Semmering not specified Teerag Asdag AG 

Gratkorn 556,300 Kanzelsteinbruch Dennig GnbR 

Kalsdorf bei Graz 75,000 Krisper Josef GmbH 

Pirka 170,000 Haindl Walter 

Zettling 500 Gemeinde Zettling 

Pöllau bei Hartberg 10,000 Seebacher Moritz 

St.Lorenzen/Wechsel 17,600 Gemeinde St.Lorenzen/Wechsel 

St.Magdalena/Lemberg 45,600 Gemeinde St.Magdalena/Lemberg 

Wenigzell 43,800 Gemeinde Wenigzell 

Zeltweg 210,000 VERBUND-Austrian Thermal Power GmbH 

Vogau 91,400 Dipl.-Ing. Partl Josef 

Leoben 6,600 ÖSTU Stettin Hoch- und Tiefbau GmbH 

Niklasdorf not specified Schaffer-Hassmann Herbert 

Aich-Assach 150,000 Hartweger Peter GmbH & Co KG 

Liezen 22,000 Danglmaier Alfred GmbH 

Pürgg-Trautenfels 65,000 Leitner Erich 

Langenwang 10,400 Teerag Asdag AG 

Hohenau/Raab 1,200 Gemeinde Hohenau/Raab 

Naas 46,900 Gemeinde Naas 

Total 1,627,600 

Tab. 17: Landfills for excavated soil materials with remaining capacities, as at December 2002 

The data for 2003 have not yet been released by the BMLFUW. 

3.4.10.2 Mineral construction waste and concrete waste 

Valuable raw materials can be obtained from mineral construction waste (masonry, concrete waste, 

etc.) by using crushers and screens. Once recycled to brick sand or brick chippings, waste bricks are 

e.g. used for the production of concrete or lightweight concrete. Processed construction brick debris is 

also used as concrete aggregate for stabilizations, fillings, pourings, and floor pavements. Building 

construction debris is processed to building construction sand or chippings and is recycled for 

stabilized pourings, stabilized culverts fillings, backfillings, and sports fields.


Processed mineral demolition and construction waste is used for fillings, culverts, and other refillings. 

In Styria, 26 demolition and construction waste landfills are currently available for the disposal of 

demolition and construction waste (Tab. 18). In 2002, the disposal volume amounted to a total of 

approx. 235,000 t, with a remaining capacity of around 4.2m m 3 by the end of 2002. 



in m 3 

Operators of demolition and construction waste 

landfills 

Graz 533,500 Schwarzl Karl BetriebsgmbH 

Bruck an der Mur 146,000 Transbeton GmbH. 

Kapfenberg 369,800 Böhler Edelstahl GmbH 

St.Marein/Mürztal 27,000 Granit Bauunternehmung GmbH 

Preding 33,000 Pichler Bau GmbH 

Kalsdorf bei Graz 34,000 Fink Helmut 

Unterpremstätten 177,000 Schlager GmbH 

Großhart 3,900 Weitzer Manfred 

Hartberg 17,000 Stadtwerke Hartberg 

Riegersberg 6,700 Municipalty Vorau 

Fohnsdorf 36,000 Knittelfelder Bauschutt-Recycling GmbH 

Kobenz 72,700 Knittelfelder Bauschutt-Recycling GmbH 

Gamlitz 91,800 BRS Bau- und Altstoff Recycling Süd GmbH 

Eisenerz 467,800 Voest-Alpine Erzberg GmbH 

Admont 68,000 Benediktinerstift Admont 

Aigen/Ennstal 73,300 Danglmaier Alfred GmbH 

Donnersbach 71,500 ALWA Güter- und Vermögensverwaltungs GMBH 

Gaishorn 280,400 Gebrüder Haider GmbH & Co KG 

Haus/Ennstal 87,600 Hartweger Andreas Bauschutt & Recycling GmbH 

Lassing 885,700 Paltentaler Kies- und Splittwerk GmbH 

Kainisch 3,300 Mitterndorfer Transport GmbH 

Kindberg 1,600 Voest-AlpineTubulars GmbH & Co KG 

Frojach-Katsch 562,100 Zeiler Erich 

Voitsberg 41,200 Komex AbfallentsorgungsgmbH 

Naas 38,300 Marko GmbH & Co KG 

Bruck an der Mur 75,000 Transbeton GmbH 

Total 4,204,200 

Tab. 18: Demolition and construction waste landfills with remaining capacities, as at December 

2002 

The data for 2003 have not yet been released by the BMLFUW. 

3.4.10.3 Asphalt waste and road construction waste 

Asphalt waste and road construction waste is recycled immediately on site using processing 

machines. The processed recycling material is mainly integrated into unbonded upper and lower road 

bases. 

For the processing of demolition and construction waste, asphalt waste, and concrete waste, seven 

stationary plants (Tab. 19) are in operation. 

Moreover, 17 mobile treatment plants (Tab. 20) are available. 

Page 53

Site (municipality) Operator 

Deutschlandsberg Bauhof Deutschlandsberg GmbH 

Feldkirchen bei Graz Schönberger GmbH 

Fohnsdorf Knittelfelder Bauschutt-Recycling GmbH 

Kobenz Knittelfelder Bauschutt-Recycling GmbH 

Heimschuh Lenz-Bau GmbH 

St.Veit/Vogau BRS Bau- und Altstoff Recycling Süd GmbH 

Naas Marko GmbH & Co KG 

Tab. 19: Stationary treatment plants of demolition and construction waste, as at December 2003 

Site (municipality) Mobile treatment plant for: Operator 

Graz-Andritz Asphalt waste ASW Neustift GmbH & Co.KG 

Graz-Liebenau Asphalt waste J. Kern & Co. Baugesellschaft.m.b.H. 

St. Marein/Mürztal Asphalt waste, concrete waste Granit Bauunternehmung GmbH 

Preding Asphalt waste, concrete waste Pichler Bau GmbH 

Bad Gleichenberg Asphalt waste Teerag-Asdag AG 

Bad Gleichenberg Asphalt waste Mandlbauer GmbH 

Kalsdorf bei Graz Concrete waste Fink Helmut 

Kalsdorf bei Graz Construction site waste Krisper Josef GmbH 

Tiefenbach Asphalt waste Swietelsky Bau GmbH 

Timmersdorf Asphalt waste, concrete waste Eisl Hans 

Wald/Schoberpaß Asphalt waste Gebrüder Haider GmbH & Co KG 

Gaishorn 

Irdning 

Page 54 

Asphalt waste, demolition and 


Asphalt waste, demolition and 


Gebrüder Haider GmbH & Co KG 

Danglmaier Alfred GmbH 

Lassing Asphalt waste, concrete waste Paltentaler Kies- und Splittwerk GmbH 

Pichl-Kainisch Asphalt waste, concrete waste Strabag AG 

Frojach Demolition and construction waste Zeiler Erich 

Klöch 

Asphalt, demolition and construction 

waste 

Klöcher Umwelttechnik GmbH 

Gröbming Concrete waste Josef Maier KG 

Voitsberg 

Asphalt, demolition and construction 

waste 

Tab. 20: Mobile treatment plants, as at December 2003 

3.4.10.4 Waste materials from demolition and construction waste 

Komex AbfallentsorgungsgmbH 

� Waste wood: 

Disposal or recovery methods for waste wood are determined according to its quality. Untreated 

waste wood can be materially recycled; treated waste wood must be recycled or disposed of in 

thermal treatment plants. 

� Waste metal: 

Waste metal is recycled (remelted) by scrap trade.


� Plastic waste: 

Plastic waste (plastic pipes, insulation boards, polystyrene, etc.) is collected in unmixed fractions if 

possible and is materially or thermally recovered if the qualities are adequate. Plastic packagings 

from construction sites lie within the scope of the Packaging Ordinance and can also be collected 

in the "yellow bag". 

3.4.10.5 Recycling of demolition and construction waste 

The Austrian Association for Recycling of Demolition and Construction Waste publishes guidelines for 

the recycling of demolition and construction waste to define quality standards with regard to the 

treatment of this waste type. In order to avoid pseudo-recycling in the respective fields, recycled 

demolition and construction waste has to comply with the following guidelines: 

� Guidelines for the recycling of demolition and construction waste, June 

2004 

� Guidelines for the recycling of sand from mineral demolition and 

construction waste, October 1998 

� Guidelines for the recycling of demolition and construction waste from 

buildings and its application in loose aggregates, July 1996 

� Guidelines for the recycling of demolition and construction waste from 

buildings and its application as an aggregate in cement and concrete, 

May 1995 

� Guidelines for free-flowing, self-compacting culvert fillings with recycled 

broken materials, October 2004 

Fig. 25: Quality certificate for recycled demolition and construction waste 

Recycled demolition and construction waste that meets the requirements of the listed guidelines and 

that was manufactured by member companies of the ÖGSV may be awarded the "Quality certificate 

for Recycled Demolition and Construction Waste" (Fig. 25) by the ÖGSV ("Austrian Association for the 

Protection of the Quality of Recycled Demolition and Construction Waste"). 

To boost the recycling of demolition and construction waste on an Austrian level, the voluntary 

association "Recycling-Börse-Bau" (RBB, "Recycling Network Construction") was founded by the 

Austrian Association for Recycling of Demolition and Construction Waste. This initiative is supported 

by several Provinces. Their common goal is to increase the recycling of demolition and construction 

waste, to reduce costs in the field of construction industry, and particularly to contribute actively to 

environmental protection by reducing the landfill quantities used by sustainable use of valuable raw 

materials and by reducing transit routes. 

The target audience of the RBB consists of construction enterprises, recycling companies, transport 

enterprises, contracting authorities as well as architects and civil engineers. However, home-builders 

and other private persons can also find valuable information on supply and demand of soil 

excavations, road construction waste, concrete waste, construction waste, mineral recycled demolition 

and construction waste, humus, and compost at www.recycling.or.at 

Page 55

3.5 Expenses 

Currently, an average Styrian household spends approx. 0.2% of the household income for waste 

disposal. 

The expenses of the municipal waste and material flow management are financed by 

• fees and tariffs for the collection of municipal waste, 

• product-related charges, such as expenses for the collection and recovery of packaging waste 

(license fees), 

• revenues from the separate collection of waste materials (waste paper, waste metals, waste 

cooking oils and fats), 

• and, to a minor part, by general tax income which helps finance e.g. waste consulting and 

campaigns to raise public awareness in this field 

The following sections present some key figures on the specific costs and expenses for waste and 

material flow management in Styria. 

3.5.1 Expenses for disposal and treatment 

Among others, the expenses for disposal and treatment depend on: 

• waste type 

• collection system 

• collection interval 

• collection container 

• regional structures 

• transport routes 

• treatment type 

The average costs for the disposal (collection and treatment) of residual waste are listed in Table 20: 

Page 56 

Cost type 

Expenses in €/kg 

from - to average 

Container expenses 0.007 - 0.015 0.010 

Collection expenses 0.050 - 0.090 0.065 

Supra-regional transport 0.000 - 0.030 0.010 

Treatment (incineration, MBT) 0.110 - 0.210 0.150 

Total 0.167 - 0.345 0.235 

Tab. 21: Expenses for the disposal of mixed municipal waste (residual waste) 42 

The treatment costs for residual waste in the reference year 2003 were between €73/container and 

€211/container. The national average amounted to €150.90/container. The improved disposal 

standard which must be respected since January 1 2004 did not cause higher disposal expenses nor 

an increase in the waste collection fee for most municipalities due to transparent benchmarking of 

disposal costs by the Styrian waste management associations. 

42 Optimierung der Sammlung und Verwertung von Verpackungsabfällen im Hinblick auf die Deponieverordnung 

ab 2002 (bzw. 2008) ("Optimization of the collection and recovery of packaging wastes with regard to the 

Landfill Ordinance from 2002 [resp. 2008])", DI Ringhofer, Dr. Vogel, DI Beyer, et al., Vienna 2003


3.5.2 Fees and tariffs for the collection of municipal waste 

§ 13 StAWG 2004 defines requirements for the structure of fees. It states that the aims and principles 

of StAWG 2004 are to be used as bases for the amount of fees to be paid. The fees can be 

determined in such a way that the expected annual revenue covers up to the double of yearly 

expenses. Yearly expenses include: 

• measures for waste prevention and waste recovery 

• advice on waste, PR activities, information material 

• maintenance and operation of public waste collection including waste treatment 

• debt services for loans 

• construction and operation of waste material collection centers (collection facilities) 

• creation of reserve funds for maintenance, reconstruction, or expansion 

Pursuant to §13 para. 4 StAWG 2004, the amount of the fee is either calculated weight-related or 

according to the container volume provided and the number of disposals (variable fee). In any case, a 

base rate must be defined in the Removal Order. A separate tariff can be charged for additional 

services related to the collection of municipal waste. 

The levels of fees and tariffs are defined by the municipality in compliance with the Removal Order. 

The amounts of fees payable by the households vary according to the structures available and lie 

between €64 and €130 per year. Taking into account that an average household comprises 2.5 

persons, the resulting annual fee per inhabitant varies from €26 - €52; the residual waste volume of 

111 kg/inhabitant/year hence represents costs of €0.23 - €0.46 per kg of residual waste. The costs for 

the municipal waste collection amount to €0.07 - 0.14 per inhabitant/day. If a household is also 

connected to biogenic waste collection (organic waste container), an additional annual fee of €17 - 

€90 per household (or €0.02 - 0.09 per day) must be paid 43 . 

3.5.3 Expenses of the Province of Styria 

Between 1996 and 2003, FA19D spent the following amounts on waste management related projects 

and measures (Table 21): 

Measures Expenses in million € 

Funding acc. to guidelines and 

directives, fees to cover costs for 

projects and studies relevant for 

waste management 

Municipal environment and waste 

consultants 

Other projects and studies relevant 

for waste management related 

aspects 

Non-profit institutions (voluntary 

organizations such as UBZ - Center 

for Environmental Education), etc. 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

1.8 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.4 

0.3 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 

0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.5 1 

0.2 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.7 1.8 

PR activities 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 

Total 3.1 2.2 3.1 4.2 2.9 3.8 3.9 4.7 

Tab. 22: Expenses of FA 19D, 1996 - 2003 

43 Project Benchmarking - Datenauswertung ("Benchmarking - Data analysis"), Ursula Duschek, Graz 2004 

Page 57

3.6 Public awareness, public relations, and advice on waste 

Public relations activities and raising public awareness are major focuses of FA 19D. These activities 

directly address municipalities and associations as well as citizens. The following instruments help to 

communicate the topics and targets of sustainable waste and material flow management to the Styrian 

population: 

• information campaigns 

• conventions, events, and expert conferences 

• publication series of FA 19D 

• Internet 

• electronic tools (such as e.g. eLearning, recycling networks, repair guides) 

On the four internet platforms listed below FA 19D provides comprehensive basic knowledge with 

regard to waste and material flow management as well as sustainable development. This information 

is available electronically and directed at active citizens, municipalities, and companies. 

• www.abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at - Waste and material flow management related information 

system - AWIS, 

• www.nachhaltigkeit.steiermark.at - Sustainability portal of the Province of Styria, 

• www.oeko.at - Business Initiative Sustainability - WIN, 

• www.gscheitfeiern.at - the new way of celebrating in Styria (aims to reduce the environmental 

impact of Styrian festivities) 

3.6.1.1 Information materials 

Additionally, FA 19D prepares information leaflets for topics related to waste and material flow 

management as well as to sustainability - see Appendix 7.3. 

3.6.1.2 Studies 

The results of the studies and projects initiated by FA 19D are published in print and electronically in 

"AWIS" 44 at www.abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at. 

3.6.1.3 Advice on environment and waste 

In accordance with § 14 para. 7 StAWG 2004, the waste management associations are to support the 

activities of the municipalities in the separated collection of waste materials and the required PR work 

with regard to comprehensive qualitative and quantitative waste prevention. This support is to be 

provided by giving advice on environment and waste issues. 

In 2003, 55 municipal environment and waste consultants worked in Styria 45 ; 32 of them were 

employed directly by waste management associations. The numerous tasks of the consultants focus 

increasingly on sustainability and material flow management and include 

� organizational work on municipal and association levels, 

� support services for and information of citizens, 

� realization of projects and campaigns, etc. 

Traditional waste management has further developed in Styria with regard to novel challenges, and 

new cooperations with voluntary associations and institutions have been established. 

44 Waste and material flow management related information system AWIS, available online 

45 Jahresbericht zur Abfallwirtschaft in der Steiermark ("Annual Report on Styrian Waste Management"), 2004 

Page 58


4 Evaluation of waste management developments compared 

with the forecasts and targets of STAWIKO 1995 

4.1 Introduction 

The Styrian Waste Management Concept of 1995 (STAWIKO 1995) made forecasts for future 

developments in the field waste management and defined target values for the year 2003. Table 22 

shows the data published in STAWIKO 1995: the collection volume of the year 1995, the targets for 

2003, and for comparison the targets for the year 2000 that were defined in the Waste Management 

Concept of 1989. 

Waste types 

Waste Management 

Concept 1989 

Targets until 2000 

Collection volume 1995 

(1,184,720 inhab) 

Targets until 2003 

(1,217,000 inhab)***) 

[t/year] [kg/inhab/year] [t/year] [kg/inhab/year] [t/year] [kg/inhab/year] 

Waste paper 35,000 30 61,400 51 62,800 52 

Waste glass 20,000 17 28,900 24 32,700 27 

Waste metals 1,500 1 19,100 16 19,200 16 

Lightweight fraction 1,600 1 16,500 14 19,400 16 

Problematic 

substances 

not specified not specified 2,800 2 3,600 3 

Biogenic waste 56,000 70 104,000 96**) 19,200 98**) 

Residual waste*) 

incl. bulky waste 

195,000 165 163,800 138 134,000 110 

*) Residual waste incl. bulky waste. Non-recoverable packaging waste (separate collection/lightweight fraction) is not 

included here. 

**) Spec. collection volumes refer to the number of inhabitants actually connected to the biogenic waste collection (organic 

waste container). 

***) Taking into account an increase of the waste volume of 0.8% p.a. disproportional to economic growth (+ 2.3% p.a.) 

Tab. 23: Overview of collection volumes and target figures published in STAWIKO 95 46 

It was assumed that the most important waste management parameters, which are economic and 

demographic growth, would increase until the year 2003. Moreover it was presumed that the annual 

increase in waste volumes would be limited to 0.8% while at the same time achieving an economic 

growth rate of 2.3%, which had been forecast until the turn of the millennium. This reduction was to be 

achieved by promoting waste prevention measures; the intended result was to break the connection 

between waste volumes and economic growth. 

Reducing municipal residual waste volumes to approx. 134,000 t/year was another target, which was 

supposed to be achieved by raising the collection volumes of biogenic waste and lightweight fraction, 

i.e. packaging waste ("yellow container"), significantly. As to the collection of waste glass and waste 

46 STAWIKO 95: Steiermärkisches Abfallwirtschaftskonzept 1995, Volume 3 of the information series 

Abfallwirtschaft des Landes Steiermark ("Waste Management of the Province of Styria"; 1 st follow-up to the 

Styrian Waste Management Concept 1989) 

Page 59

paper, a very high level had already been achieved in the mid-1990s; hence, only minor contributions 

to the reduction of residual waste could be expected. 

4.2 Waste volume and volume trends 

4.2.1 Overview/all waste types 

Table 23 shows a comparison of estimated collection volumes for 2003 (forecast according to 

STAWIKO 95) and actual collection volumes. 

Page 60 

1995 

Estimated collection volumes for 

2003 [kg/inhab/year] 

Actual collection volumes 

2003 [kg/inhab/year] 

Residual waste 93 114 

Bulky waste 17 40 3) 

Biogenic waste 98*) 61 1+2) 

Waste glass 27 25 

Waste paper 52 70 

Waste metals/ferrous scrap 16 17 

Waste textiles 1 2.5 

Plastic packagings 16 18 

Waste wood 9.6 

Problematic substances 3 4.2 4) 

Sum of all waste types 323 360 

*) including home and community composting 

1) 

biogenic waste incl. green cuttings and biogenic cemetery waste, without home and community composting 

2) 

117.8 kg/inhab/year, based on number of inhabitants actually connected to biogenic waste collection 

3) Waste wood is separately listed and is therefore not included in this sum. 

4) data including 1,076 t of waste cooking oils and fats 

Tab. 24: Comparison of estimated collection volumes for 2003 with actual collection volumes of 

2003 

The comparison in Table 23 shows that the actual waste collection volume for 2003 amounts to 

360 kg/inhabitant/year. This exceeds the estimated volume of 323 kg/inhabitant/year by 12%. Due to 

economic development on the one hand and the fact that waste volumes and economic growth could 

not be disconnected on the other, the increase of waste volumes during the last 10 years exceeded 

the expectations and forecasts of STAWIKO 95 (cf. chapter 4.1). 


The actual waste volume of 2003 (114 kg/inhabitant/year) exceeds the estimated residual waste 

volume of 93 kg/inhabitant/year by 22%. The significant decrease of residual waste volumes between 

1990 and 1994 did not continue in the years between 1995 and 2003. Clearly, the forecast value has 

been estimated too low (cf. chapter 4.1). 


The annual collection volume amounted to 39.4 kg/inhabitant in 2003, which was significantly 

(32%) more than the estimated 17 kg. Since waste wood is collected separately, another 

9.6 kg/inhabitant/year can be added; this corresponds to an actual bulky waste volume of


49 kg/inhabitant/year, which exceeds the forecast value by 88%. Due to the trend to buy cheap 

articles and an increasing number of single households, growing volumes of bulky waste were 

particularly caused by waste furniture. However, the relatively high number implies a high collection 

quota. 


For biogenic waste, the estimated figure of 98 kg/inhabitant/year (incl. home composting) was 

overachieved with 117 kg/inhabitant/year (incl. home composting). Since Styria launched an extensive 

biogenic waste collection as early as in 1995, the introduction of organic waste containers only 

resulted in a marginal increase of 3 kg/inhabitant/year compared with 1995. The annual collection 

volume amounts to 47.5 kg/inhabitant. 

Relating the collection volumes of biogenic municipal waste and the number of inhabitants actually 

connected to biogenic waste collection (organic waste container), the target figure of 

98 kg/inhabitant/year as defined in STAWIKO 95 was surpassed by approx. 20 kg/inhabitant/year (cf. 

footnote 2 in Tab. 23). 



In 2003, the collection volume amounted to 70 kg/inhabitant, which represents a gain of 

52 kg/inhabitant or 34% compared with the estimated figure. This increase was probably the result of 

the actual paper consumption, which has significantly augmented over the last years. 


The collection volume of 27 kg/inhabitant/year which was estimated in STAWIKO 95 for the year 2003 

was not reached by 8%; the actual collection volume amounted to 25 kg/inhabitant/year. By replacing 

glass packagings with plastic packagings, in particular in the case of drinks packaging, less glass 

packaging is nowadays put into circulation than was assumed in STAWIKO 95. 

4.2.5.3 Waste metals 

For waste metals incl. ferrous scrap, STAWIKO 95 forecast a collection volume of 

16 kg/inhabitant/year for 2003. The actual collection volume of 17 kg/inhabitant in 2003 surpassed the 

estimated figure by 6%. 

4.2.5.4 Lightweight fraction and waste plastic 

For waste plastic incl. lightweight fraction - packaging, the estimated figure of 16 kg/inhabitant/year for 

2003 was exceeded by 13%: the actual figure amounted to 18 kg/inhabitant/year. Nowadays, e.g. 

drinks are increasingly sold in plastic packagings instead of glass packagings, which exerted a 

significant impact on this figure (cf. section "Waste glass"). 


In 1995, waste wood was still collected with bulky waste; therefore no forecast was made in 

STAWIKO 95. 


The expected collection volume of 1 kg/inhabitant was surpassed by 150% in the year 2003; the 

actual collection volume amounted to 2.5 kg/inhabitant. Since waste textiles have a positive market 

value, private organizations have also offered collections for waste textiles. Consequently, larger 

amounts of old textiles were collected. 

Page 61


The forecast volume of 3 kg/inhabitant was exceeded by 40% and amounted to 4.2 kg/inhabitant in 

2003. It can be assumed that the collection of problematic substances was considerably improved by 

the expansion of waste material collection centers and collection cells for problematic substances (cf. 

chapter 4.3). 

4.3 Waste collection 

As a result of extended collection systems, the following additional waste fractions are collected 

separately today: 

• since 1995: collection system for waste cooking oils and fats (cf. chapter 3.2.6) 

• since 1999: collection system for waste electrical and electronic equipment (cf. chapter 3.2.7) 

• since 1999: collection system for waste wood (cf. chapter 3.2.2) 

The collection centers for waste materials and collection cells for problematic substances have 

expanded constantly since 1995. The quality of the facilities was improved and adapted to the new 

requirements. The target figure defined in STAWIKO 95 (one collection point per 3,000 inhabitants or 

one waste material collection center per 5,000 inhabitants in the case of high population density) was 

reached. 

4.4 Waste treatment 

Chapter 3.4 of STAWIKO 95 indicates two goals: on the one hand the separation between recoverable 

municipal waste and residual waste should be improved, and on the other hand the remaining residual 

waste should be further processed (conditioning, immobilization, and inertization) before it is landfilled. 

Residual waste can be processed in thermal waste treatment plants, sorting plants, or mechanicalbiological 

waste treatment plants with subsequent thermal treatment of the separated high calorific 

fractions. 

Thereby, the forecast figures for the year 2003 were as follows: 130,000 - 150,000 t of municipal 

residual waste; approx. 110,000 t of non-hazardous waste from trade and industry; and 130,000 - 

170,000 t of sewage sludge from municipal waste water treatment. This corresponds to a total volume 

of 460,000 - 540,000 t to be processed. 

4.4.1 Thermal waste treatment 

In STAWIKO 95 it was assumed that i) in future the total residual waste volume would be directly 

incinerated without pre-processing and that ii) two thermal waste treatment plants would be required 

for this purpose. Since autumn 2003, a waste incineration plant is being operated in Niklasdorf. There, 

a maximum of 100,000 t of waste per year is thermally treated in fluidized bed ovens (monoincineration). 

To date, no further plant for thermal waste treatment (mono-incineration) of residual 

waste has been built. Alternatively, suitable high calorific waste is used as refuse derived fuel in 

industrial firing plants such as cement works, power stations, or in the paper industry. 

4.4.2 Mechanical-biological residual waste treatment 

For the implementation of the waste disposal concept adopted in 2004, which guarantees that the new 

Landfill Ordinance is respected, the construction of additional mechanical-biological waste treatment 

plants for residual waste was necessary. Since 2004, three new mechanical-biological waste 

treatment plants for residual waste were built in Frohnleiten, Halbenrain, and Liezen. They are now 

operated alongside the existing facility in Allerheiligen. The four MBTs have a total capacity of 192,000 

t/year. 

Page 62


4.4.3 Composting facilities 

In 1996, the processing capacity of the composting facilities amounted to 34,000 t. This number grew 

to 38,400 t in the year 2002. Currently the capacities of existing plants for the treatment of biogenic 

waste are sufficient. 

4.5 Expenses 

No financial targets were defined in STAWIKO 95. Therefore, today's costs cannot be assessed with 

reference to specified figures. 

4.6 Public awareness, public relations, and advice on waste 

Giving advice on waste as required in STAWIKO 95 is guaranteed today by 55 municipal environment 

and waste consultants. They are responsible for giving advice to municipalities, private households, 

playschools, and schools in environmental and particularly waste management related matters. Also, 

their activities are directed at raising public awareness for sustainable development. 

The measures in the fields of public awareness, public relations, and advice on waste as described in 

chapter 3.6 are compliant with sustainable waste and material flow management. They are to be 

intensified in the future since such measures have mid term and long term effects. The increase of 

total waste volumes as well as the stagnation of residual waste volumes indicate the need for future 

action in this field. 

4.7 Conclusion and outlook (forecast) 

When elaborating the forecasts in the Styrian Waste Management Concept 1995 (STAWIKO 95) it 

was assumed that waste volumes and economic growth would be successfully disconnected. 

However, this forecast could not be realized. Economic and demographic growth still has immediate 

impacts on waste generation. The expectations that the long term increase in waste volumes would 

not exceed 0.8% did not prove true either. 

The forecasts made in STAWIKO 95 were also based on the fact that potential for an improved 

separate collection of municipal waste (recoverable waste and residual waste) had been recognized. 

STAWIKO 95 clearly concludes that this potential must be used for sustainable consumption of 

resources, processing capacities, and landfill volumes. The comparisons in chapter 4.2. indicate that 

this potential has been realized to a large extent during the last 10 years. The remaining potential can 

only be used with considerably more effort. 

The Styrian waste volumes from 1990 to 2003 are referenced as the basis for predictions on future 

development of waste volumes in Styria (Fig. 26). 

Page 63

Tonnen/Jahr 

450.000 

400.000 

350.000 

300.000 

250.000 

200.000 

150.000 

100.000 

50.000 

Page 64 

0 

Abfallaufkommen in der Steiermark 1990 - 2003 

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

Fig. 26: Waste volumes in Styria, 1990 - 2003 47 

Restmüll 

Sperrmüll 

Biogene Abfälle 

Altstoffe 

Problemstoffe 

Elektro- und Elektronikschrott 

Summen 

As shown in the graph above, the total waste volume has been growning constantly since 1993, with a 

slightly declining course of the annual growth rate. 

The residual waste volume has remained relatively constant since 1994 but has been subject to 

fluctuations. An increase has been noted in collection volumes of bulky waste and waste materials; on 

the other hand, problematic substances and waste electrical and electronic equipment did not undergo 

substantial changes over the last years. 

In 2003, the residual waste volume in Styria amounted to approx. 134,600 t; in the same year, the total 

waste volume in Styria was 426,700 t. With annual residual waste volumes not having substantially 

increased since 1994, a waste volume of around 135,000 t can be expected for 2004. 

The ratio of the total residual and bulky waste volume compared to the total waste volume has 

remained continually at an average of 42% since 1998. Over the last years, the number of inhabitants 

of Styria has remained constant, i.e. there seems to be no significant connection. In the past, the 

method of correlating waste volumes and GDP resulted in relatively high forecast figures due to an 

overestimation of regional economic growth; therefore, mathematical interpolation based on the 

figures of the time series of the past years is suggested as an alternative method. The resulting total 

waste volume represents only a mathematical continuation of the last years' trends (Fig. 27) and 

serves as a basis for the following reflections. This method does not take into account external 

influences such as changes in the collection system or sociopolitical decisions. 

47 Source: waste related data collected by Styrian municipalities

Tonnen/Jahr 

550.000 

500.000 

450.000 

400.000 

350.000 

300.000 


Interpolation Gesamtabfallmenge Steiermark von 2004 bis 2015 

Originalwerte Interpolation 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 

Fig. 27: Estimated quantities: total waste volume in Styria until 2015 

According to the interpolation method, the total municipal waste volume for Styria will amount to 

approx. 508,000 t in the year 2015. The expected residual waste volume is based on the calculated 

forecast figures of the total waste volume. Major parameters of the time series are the ratio between 

the sum of bulky waste and waste materials compared with the total waste volume of approx. 42% on 

the one hand and the ratio between residual waste and bulky waste which has remained relatively 

constant over the years with a factor of approx. 2.6. These assumptions serve as the basis for the 

expected residual waste volumes (Fig. 28). 

Tonnen/Jahr 

160.000 

155.000 

150.000 

145.000 

140.000 

135.000 

130.000 

125.000 

120.000 

115.000 

Interpolation Restmüllmenge Steiermark von 2004 bis 2015 

Originaldaten Interpolation Prognose: 154.000 t/a 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 

Fig. 28: Estimated quantities: residual waste in Styria until 2015 

Page 65

In the past major changes in collection structures and similar influences have resulted in a decrease of 

residual waste volumes in favor of separate collection of waste materials, biogenic waste, and bulky 

waste. However, since this effect on separate collection has currently leveled out, significant 

decreases of residual waste volumes cannot be expected by taking measures in this field. Societal 

influences and potential retreat of separate collection of individual fractions (e.g. plastic) rather 

indicate growing quantities of residual waste. 

It is therefore expected that the future waste volumes will exceed the estimated quantities. 

Page 66


5 Transition towards sustainable waste and material flow 

management 

5.1 Introduction 

By signing the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992, Austria committed itself to 

include the concept of sustainable development in the political agenda (Agenda 21) and to orient the 

economy towards sustainability. How does this decision affect the field of waste management, which 

is an integral part of the economy? Which targets have to be formulated to meet the requirements of 

sustainable development? Which strategies and approaches will clear the way for sustainable waste 

and material flow management? 

5.2 The contribution of material flow management to sustainable 

development 

The concept of "sustainable development" means to consider both the present and the future, to prefer 

long-term targets to short-term ones, to regard the whole and not only parts of it 48 . The system of 

sustainable waste management must therefore see waste management as a part of the 

environment and the economy (Brunner et al., 1997 49 ). This approach goes beyond waste disposal 

and integrates the entire process chain from the raw material to the product and finally to waste. 

Figure 29 illustrates the system of sustainable waste management, which considers waste 

management to be a vital part of the economy. 

anthropogenic input Industry 

Commerce 

Trade 

anthropogenic export 

Fig. 29: System of sustainable waste and material flow management: waste management as part 

of the economy 50 

48 Umweltbundesamt: Nachhaltiges Deutschland, Wege zu einer dauerhaft-umweltgerechten Entwicklung ("Sustainable 

Germany, Towards a durable environmentally friendly development"), Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 1997 

49 Brunner et al. (1997): Future requirements placed on waste management in Styria in terms of the transition to 

sustainable material flow management - Zukünftige Anforderungen an die Abfallwirtschaft in der Steiermark für den 

Übergang zu einer nachhaltigen Abfallwirtschaft (AWS Steiermark) 

50 Source: Baccini & Bader (1996), Regionaler Stoffhaushalt ("Regional mass balance"), Spektrum, Akademischer 

Verlag. 

Environment 

(soil, 

water, air) 

Agriculture 

and forestry 

System boundary "Economy“ 

System boundary "anthroposphere“ 


management 

Households 

Environment 

(soil, 

water, air) 

Page 67

Unlike recovery and disposal, controlling the processes production and consumption does not lie 

within the responsibility of the waste management industry. However, waste management should be 

able to send signals to these processes in order to deal with its own tasks in an environmentally 

friendly way. Waste management should use its many links with the economy to gather information: 

This way, the waste management industry will know about quality and quantity of waste volumes to be 

processed a lot earlier than if waste volumes are simply observed in isolation (early detection). 

Therefore, this information helps to plan waste recovery and disposal more efficiently (Brunner et al., 

1997) 51 . Consequently, the appropriate term for sustainable waste management is "Waste and 

material flow management". 

Material flow analysis according to Baccini & Brunner (1991 52 ) is a suitable instrument for observing 

materials and goods, processes, and parties within a specific system. This method helps to reduce a 

complex system to the materials and goods, processes, and parties in question, and it can provide 

concrete information. Thereby, the relevant flows of goods and materials are recognized and can be 

directed towards the desired target by specific measures. 

Information about material flows is essential for developing production, recovery, and disposal 

systems aiming at optimized recovery, recycling, or inert disposal of the materials in question. 

Application of material flow analysis can help to recognize the potential of secondary raw materials; 

moreover, possible environmental impacts caused by pollutants may be prevented or dealt with at an 

early stage. Knowing about material flows may help companies to improve their production processes 

and eventually minimize waste as well as costs. 

Material flow analysis is an adequate tool for illustrating which processes can be applied to dispose of 

unavoidable critical substances (pollutants) in safe "sinks". In 2003 the ÖWAV Regelblatt 514 53 was 

published, which contains guidelines for a standardized execution of material flow analyses in the field 

of waste management. 

5.3 The role of public administration 

Public administration plays a vital role in further development of sustainable waste and material flow 

management. Basically, this role can be described as follows: 

� visions: sketching visions of future developments, evaluation of possible future states and trends 

� mission statement: establishing a mission statement for sustainable waste and material flow 

management capable of providing the framework for future developments 

� general conditions: defining clear framework conditions to enable companies, among them 

waste disposal industry and treatment plants, to follow the rules of a free market 

� role model: encouraging authorities and the Styrian government to act as role models in the field 

of sustainability 

51 

Brunner et al. (1997): Future requirements to waste management in Styria for a change towards sustainable 

waste management - Zukünftige Anforderungen an die Abfallwirtschaft in der Steiermark für den Übergang 

zu einer nachhaltigen Abfallwirtschaft (AWS Steiermark) 

52 

Baccini & Brunner (1991): Metabolism of the Anthroposphere, Springer Verlag. 

53 

Die Anwendung der Stoffflussanalyse in der Abfallwirtschaft ("Application of material flow analysis in waste 

management"), ÖWAV Regelblatt 514, Vienna, 2003 

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� execution: providing equal treatment to all companies while at the same time guaranteeing 

consistent execution 

• public relations, environmental education: encouraging environmental education and PR to 

disseminate information with regard to sustainable waste and material flow management 

• pioneering role: target-oriented support of internal and external innovations and initiatives 

towards sustainable waste and material flow management 

5.4 Vision (mission statement) of sustainable waste and material flow 

management 

The Specialized Division for Waste and Material Flow Management sketched a "Vision of sustainable 

waste and material flow management" in Styria. The term "vision" here means "picture of the future" 

that should be reached within 10 years. This vision focuses on the goals and principles of sustainable 

waste management as defined in AWG 2002 as amended in Federal Law Gazette No. 181/2004 and 

identically in the Styrian Waste Management Act 2004, as well as on the targets laid down in the 

"Austrian Strategy for Sustainable Development" dating back to the year 2002. 

Within the next 10 years, the following target states - expressed as visions - should be reached. A 

measurable indicator has been used as target where possible and comprehensible. Where necessary, 

this target was replaced by a qualitative value or target tendency. 

In detail, the target states or visions for the year 2015 are: 

V1: The transition from waste management to waste and material flow management is thoroughly 

embedded in the awareness of the public, the economy, and public administration. 

V2: In the field of waste management, Styria has succeeded in reducing its share of climate-relevant 

gases as defined in the Kyoto Protocol (reference year 1990) by setting measures in the field of 

waste treatment as well as collection and transport logistics. Styria has replaced fossil energy 

sources by the energy potential of mixed municipal waste (residual waste) with adequate 

qualities to an extent of more than 60%. The emission of greenhouse gases from landfills has 

been reduced by more than 80% compared with the year 1990 and by more than 70% 

compared with the year 2003. 

V3: Due to adequate and state-of-the-art pre-treatment, waste to be landfilled no longer represents a 

potential hazard for future generations. Thanks to the disposal of pretreated mixed municipal 

waste (residual waste) Styria has succeeded in reducing landfill capacities by 75% compared 

with the year 1990 and by more than 55% compared with the year 2003. Economic handling of 

available landfill resources guarantees that the landfill capacities available in 2015 satisfy the 

landfill needs for the disposal of Styrian municipal waste backlogs for another 10 years. 

V4: The exclusive use of high-quality compost helps to reduce further manifestations of pollutants in 

soil, in particular in agricultural areas and landscaping. This results in a significant reduction of 

annual pollutant quantities by more than 60% compared with the year 1990 regarding the 

application of waste compost and sewage sludges on agricultural areas. This represents a major 

contribution to the preservation of soil quality for future generations. 

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V5: Waste is materially recovered according to European and national requirements (e.g. Directive 

2004/12/EC on Packaging). The amount of recycled construction materials derived from 

demolition and construction waste has increased from 9% (2000) to 30% (2015). Demolition and 

construction waste is recycled according to defined quality criteria, and the application of 

recycled construction materials with approved quality is well established on the market. 

V6: The principle of sustainability (society - environment - economy) is deeply embedded in the 

awareness of the public, the economy, and public administration. The Province of Styria is 

thoroughly committed to achieving the goals of sustainable development. 

V7: By applying the approaches of "sustainable economy" and "corporate responsibility", companies 

contribute significantly to safeguarding the Styrian economy. They meet the requirements of 

integrated environmental protection and evidently profit from their new corporate philosophy. 

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6 Strategies, targets, and requirements of sustainable waste 

and material flow management in Styria 

6.1 Strategies and targets 

Basically, strategies show the way to accomplish a vision or defined target states. The targets of 

sustainable waste and material flow management in Styria are to be achieved by 2015 by applying the 

following strategies: 

S 1: For selected materials, a "material accountancy" is to be established. This register serves as a 

basis for material flow analyses in defined systems in order to guarantee the transition from 

waste management towards material flow management. What cannot be counted cannot be 

managed! 

• Sufficient information about selected flows of goods and materials within defined 

systems is available for pollutants and recoverables. With reference to the total 

anthropogenic mass flow, at least 70% of goods flows and 50% of material flows are 

quantified. 

• "Material accountancy" is established as an education module in "Entrepreneur and 

Management Schools". It is an essential part of the corporate balanced scorecard 

system in more than 50% of all Styrian production companies. In waste disposal 

companies, material accountancy is realized to 100%. 

S 2: Quality management in environment controlling must be established to maintain uniform 

standards in collection, transport, and treatment of waste (waste recovery and waste disposal) 

and to safeguard public interest. This is on the one hand intended to ensure equal competition 

for the economy and on the other hand to respect ecological needs and requirements. 

• Emissions of climate-relevant gases and pollutants from waste collection, transport, and 

treatment (recovery, disposal) and landfilling are documented for the each field. They 

are optimized in a continuous management process and are documented by 

municipalities, waste management associations, and waste disposal companies. Waste 

management related emissions are to represent less than 1% of all anthropogenic 

emissions by the year 2015. 

• Waste materials and biogenic waste collected as municipal waste are materially 

recovered according to waste management related targets. A general recycling rate of 

> 60% is reached and maintained if packaging waste is included in the calculation. 

• The energy contained in municipal waste and sewage sludge is recovered thermally in 

waste incineration plants or as quality-assured refuse derived fuel in industrial firing 

plants (co-incineration) according to waste management related targets. During thermal 

recovery an energy efficiency of > 70% is reached by using process heat. 

• Thanks to material and thermal recovery of municipal waste including mechanicalbiological 

residual waste treatment, the landfill volumes used in 2015 will amount to less 

than 20% of the reference value taken from the year 1990. 

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• Styria's concern to secure available landfill volumes on long term levels in compliance 

with the requirements defined in Art. 5 of EU Directive 75/442/EEC on Waste is 

considered when approving notifications for waste shipments into Styria. This 

guarantees that landfill capacities will be available for another 10 years from 2015 

onwards. 

• Documentation on non-hazardous waste volumes generated by trade and industry, 

including recovery and disposal pathways, is sufficient. Corporate waste volumes are 

controlled by means of sector-specific performance indicators. 

• Waste generated by trade and industry (production residues, by-products) is frequently 

recovered as secondary raw materials by other companies, respecting waste 

management related goals and principles. Online waste and recycling platforms 

contribute to this process. 

• The corporate waste management concept is used as controlling instrument (AWK plus, 

extended waste management concept) by more than 50% of the companies that are 

legally obliged to do so. As such, it is a major element in the field of quality and 

environment management. 

• In the field of private waste disposal, the number of certified waste disposal companies 

increased from currently 14 to 150 waste disposal companies (50% of the year 2005). 

• In the field of composting biogenic waste by agricultural companies, all plant operators 

are members of a quality assurance system, guaranteeing the production of quality 

composts pursuant to the Austrian Compost Ordinance. Moreover, correct operation of 

compost plants and continuous and regular training programs for plant operators is 

ensured. 

• In the field of agricultural co-fermentation of waste, all plant operators are members of a 

quality assurance system, guaranteeing the correct operation of fermentation plants, 

correct agricultural application of the produced biogas manure, and regular training 

programs for plant operators. 

S 3: The introduction of environment management systems and sustainable corporate strategies as 

basis for "Sustainable Business" is actively promoted and encouraged by the Province of Styria. 

• In the field of tourism, more than 20% of tourist enterprises meet the requirements for 

the Austrian Eco-label for tourist establishments, thus proving sustainable corporate 

strategies. Furthermore, they integrate sustainable corporate strategies into their public 

relations activities which are supported by the Province of Styria. 

• More than 20% of Styrian companies with more than 20 employees have developed a 

corporate sustainability strategy, which is documented by the annual publication of a 

corporate sustainability report. 

• More than 30% of Styrian companies with more than 100 employees have successfully 

introduced an environment management system (ISO 14000 or EMAS).


S 4: The transition of waste management associations towards regional competence centers for 

preventive environmental protection and sustainable development is to be encouraged. 

• On average Styrian level, waste management associations employ one trained 

environment and waste consultant per 20,000 inhabitants. 

• Waste management associations support municipalities in establishing sustainable 

waste management concepts on municipal levels. These include systems of waste 

management related performance indicators, optimizing the tendering for services 

regarding collection and transport of municipal waste, and implementing cross-municipal 

regional projects (cooperation of municipalities). 

• Waste management associations assist municipalities in educating and training staff for 

waste material collection centers and collection cells for problematic substances. 

Employees of these facilities receive one day of training in 2-year intervals. 

• Waste management associations encourage measures in the field of waste prevention, 

aiming to support and network companies that offer repair services. The intended result 

is to increase the number of companies registered in the "Repair Guide" of the Styrian 

WIN initiative to more than 2,000. 

• Measures for quality assurance in the field of separate collection are implemented; 

therefore the number of impurities is successfully reduced. 

• Waste management associations have in-depth knowledge on regional flows of 

materials and goods as well as on a system of waste management related performance 

indicators with regard to recovery and disposal of municipal waste and sewage sludge 

from their regions. 

• The Internet is used as an efficient and up-to-date means of communication for the PR 

activities of waste management associations. The annual report on waste management 

is published online by April 15 of the following year by waste management associations 

and is available for download. 

• Waste management associations are the first regional contact address for questions on 

sustainable development. The environment and waste consultants communicate the 

contents of the Austrian Strategy for Sustainable Development, the Austrian Climate 

Strategy, the Provincial Waste Management Plan, the Federal Waste Management 

Plan, and Green Public Procurement to different target audiences, such as local 

politicians, schools, citizens, entrepreneurs, etc. 

S 5: Support modalities in the field of waste and material flow management must be oriented towards 

the goals of sustainable development. 

• Sustainability criteria are an integral part of the funding guidelines of the Province of 

Styria. Meeting these criteria represents a basic requirement for the allocation of 

financial resources. 

• Evaluation models for holistic evaluation (sustainability) of ideas and projects are 

developed and applied comprehensively. 

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S 6: Targeted information and qualification initiatives on all education levels including adult education 

create public awareness for the need for sustainable development. Already existing facilities are 

to be integrated into this process. Moreover, the required competences needed for active 

involvement in implementing this goal are to be established. 

Page 74 

• The need for sustainable waste and material flow management is thoroughly anchored 

in public awareness. More than 5% of the population actively participated or still 

participate in related projects and consortia (sustainable municipal waste management 

concept, local Agenda 21 processes [LA21], regional Agenda 21 processes [RA21], 

etc). 

• Qualified persons act as multipliers for communicating information in the fields of 

sustainable waste and material flow management and Green Public Procurement. This 

target is reached with the help of an education and training program supported by the 

Province of Styria, which is open for communal environment and waste consultants, 

company waste officers, municipality staff, and teachers. 

• Various information leaflets and publications can be downloaded from the website of the 

Province of Styria. These orientation guidelines provide citizens with useful information 

on sustainable development for different areas of life, in particular for the field of waste 

and material flow management. 

S 7: Agenda 21 processes must be implemented and coordinated as new political and corporate 

culture on regional, communal, and business levels. 

• Public administration is aware of its leading role in implementing "sustainable business 

strategies". Therefore, Agenda 21 processes are intensified on communal and regional 

levels with the support of the Province of Styria. By 2015, more than 50% of the 

municipalities are expected to be involved in these processes. 

S 8: In the field of sustainable building, public administration must act as a role model. 

• Criteria for sustainable building are laid down in a strategy of the Province and serve as 

basis for the allocation of financial resources in the field of housing). 

• By 2015, more than 10% of all used construction materials originate from quality-tested 

recycled materials. 

• The use of renewable raw materials (such as wood, cellulose, straw) increased to 

> 20% in particular in the field of housing.


6.2 Requirements of waste management to reach the defined targets 

The requirements listed below should be (and are) adopted and implemented by 

• municipalities in their areas of responsibility, 

• households, 

• enterprises and the economy, 

• waste management associations, 

• private waste disposal companies, 

• voluntary organizations, initiatives, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 

• organizational units responsible within the Styrian Provincial Government, and 

• the Provincial Government as political board 

after classification pursuant to StAWG 2004, other legal provisions, or non-official measures. 

The following waste management related measures serve as a basis for implementing the Federal 

Waste Management Plan on all levels of action: 

• passing or amending a Provincial Waste Management Plan 

• passing or amending regional waste management plans 

• passing Removal Orders in the municipalities 

• executing projects for waste prevention 

• realizing information events on the possibilities of waste prevention and separate waste 

collection 

• creating framework conditions for tariffs based on the polluter-pays principle 

• supporting Green Public Procurement 

• determining flows of materials and goods in specific areas 

• evaluating possibilities to establish material accountancy on communal, regional, and 

national levels for selected fractions, goods, and materials 

• evaluating and implementing possibilities for reducing climate-relevant emissions within 

waste collection and transport 

• evaluating and implementing possibilities for reducing climate-relevant emissions in waste 

treatment 

• reducing the number of impurities by introducing quality assurance in the field of separate 

collection (waste glass, waste paper, waste metal, waste wood, waste textiles, biogenic 

waste, waste cooking oils and fats, problematic substances) and by regularly performed 

residual waste analyses 

• creating incentives to support measures in the field of home and community composting 

• detecting optimization potentials regarding the operation of waste material collection centers, 

e.g. cooperations between municipalities and within bulky waste collection 

• performing pollutant elimination in waste material collection centers (e.g. waste electrical and 

electronic equipment) 

• identifying potential for improvement in material recovery of waste (e.g. reducing 

contaminant contents of compost) 

• identifying potential for improvement in thermal recovery of waste 

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Page 76 

• disposing of waste in compliance with legal requirements, e.g. by respecting documentation 

and reporting duties 

• using available landfill resources carefully 

• optimizing and consolidating existing repair platforms coordinated by the Province of Styria 

(FA 19D) 

• optimizing and consolidating other electronic platforms coordinated by the Province of Styria 

(FA 19D) 

• creating, expanding, and maintaining an Austria-wide waste and recycling platform in 

cooperation with the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber and companies 

• expanding and maintaining a waste and material flow management related information 

system 

• applying corporate waste management concepts as controlling instrument 

• introducing environment management systems in enterprises and administrative bodies 

• compiling sustainability reports in companies and administrative bodies 

• PR activities (preparing written information, tips, leaflets, instructions, contributions for print 

media, radio, TV, and participating in conventions and exhibitions) 

• developing a system of performance indicators on regional and municipal levels 

• education and training of staff in waste material collection centers, collection cells for 

problematic substances, and training municipal environment and waste consultants 

• expanding and maintaining waste management relevant guidelines for corporate waste 

management officers by means of eLearning 

• supporting Styrian companies by promoting consulting activities in the field of available 

funding possibilities (e.g. WIN) 

• compiling annual waste management reports on provincial and regional levels 

• formulating assessment tools for a holistic evaluation (sustainability) of ideas and concepts 

• encouraging and supporting LA21 processes 

• supporting network initiatives in the fields of sustainable construction and use of renewable 

raw materials and energy sources ("ÖKO cluster") 

• using quality-tested recycled construction materials 

• performing waste management related controls of waste collectors and processors 

• securing the required capacities for waste treatment and landfilling residues resulting from 

waste treatment 

• preparing instructions for tendering in the field of waste management related services 

• writing instructions for tariff organization 

• realizing information and qualification initiatives on all education levels including adult 

education to promote sustainable development

7 Appendices 

7.1 Indices 


7.1.1 Sources and bibliography 

In this section, the cited sources and references are listed. The legal bases are listed in a separate 

section in the appendix, as well as the list of publications related to public awareness, public relations, 

and advice on waste. 

• Abfallwirtschaftsmodell Steiermark 2004 ("Waste Management Model Styria 2004") of December 

2001, compiled by gua, Vienna, Department of Technology and Commodity Science at the Vienna 

University of Economics, Vienna, and Austrian Research Centers, Seibersdorf 

• Database of the Federal Environment Agency, www.umweltbundesamt.at 

• BASS - Bauwesen - Abfallstrategien in der Steiermark ("BASS - Construction Engineering - Waste 

strategies in Styria"), Technical University Vienna, Institute for Water Quality, Resources and 

Waste Management, Division of Waste Management - in collaboration with Data Organisation & 

Consulting and Consulting Engineer Office DI Walter Jereb, Vienna, April 2000 

• The Austrian Strategy for Sustainable Development, BMLFUW, April 2002 

• Erste solare Anlage zur Trocknung von Klärschlamm ("First solar-powered sewage sludge drying 

plant"), page 10 in Umweltschutz ("Environmental protection"), November 2003 

• Gothenburg European Council, Presidency Conclusions, SN 200/1/01 REV 1, June 15 and 16, 

2001 

• Führungszukunft Landesbaudienst ("Leading into the future: Provincial construction service"), FA 

19D Waste and Material Flow Management, performance profile as at January 2005 

• Klärschlammentsorgung in der Steiermark - Derzeitige Entsorgungssituation ("Sewage sludge 

disposal in Styria - Current waste management situation"), Urs Lesky, presentation notes of 

sewage sludge investigation held in Graz, June 17 2003 

• Local Energy Agency Eastern Styria, www.lea.at 

• Federal Environment Agency: Nachhaltiges Deutschland, Wege zu einer dauerhaft- 

• 

umweltgerechten Entwicklung ("Sustainable Germany, Towards a durable environmentally-begnin 

development"), Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1997 

National Environment Plan, Federal Ministry for Environment, April 1995, Vienna, Austria 

• Optimierung der Sammlung und Verwertung von Verpackungsabfällen im Hinblick auf die 

Deponieverordnung ab 2002 (bzw. 2008) ("Optimization of the collection and recovery of 

packaging wastes with regard to the Landfill Ordinance from 2002 [resp. 2008])", DI Ringhofer, Dr. 

Vogel, DI Beyer, et al., Vienna 2003 

• Regional mass balance - Regionaler Stoffhaushalt, Erfassung, Bewertung und Steuerung, Baccini, 

P. & Bader H.P., Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford, 1996 

• Overview - Statistics Austria, November 2002 

• Statistics Austria, November 2002 

• STAWIKO 95, Styrian Waste Management Concept 1995, prepared by the Austrian Research 

Center Seibersdorf GesmbH. 

• WCDE (World Commission of Environment and Development): Our Common Future ("Brundtland- 

Report"), Oxford University Press 

• Wirtschaftsinitiative Nachhaltigkeit - Business Initiative Sustainability, a joint initiative by the 

Province of Styria (FA 19D), the Economic Chamber of Styria (WK-Stmk), and the Styrian 

Business Promotion Agency (SFG) 

Page 77

• Future requirements placed on waste management in Styria in terms of the transition to 

sustainable material flow management - Zukünftige Anforderungen an die Abfallwirtschaft in der 

Steiermark für den Übergang zu einer nachhaltigen Stoffflusswirtschaft, August 1997, compiled by 

IWAS, TU Wien (Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management of the Technical University 

Vienna, Austria) 

Page 78

7.1.2 List of figures 

Figure 1 The three target dimensions of sustainable development 

Figure 2 


Overview of Austria's national strategy for sustainability as well as laws, programs, 

plans, and partners in the implementation process in the Province of Styria 

Figure 3 The 17 waste management associations of Styria 

Figure 4 Overview of waste management associations in Styria 

Figure 5 

Figure 6 

Waste volume trends per inhabitant in Styria, 1991-2003, split according to 

individual waste types 

Waste volume trends per inhabitant in Styria, 1991-2003, split according to waste 

types 

Figure 7 Trends in collection volumes of municipal residual waste, 1991 - 2003 

Figure 8 Composition of residual waste, according to mean values (analysis 2003) 

Figure 9 Trends in collection volumes of bulky waste incl. waste wood, 1991 - 2003 

Figure 10 Tends in collection volumes of biogenic waste, 1991 - 2003 

Figure 11 Trends in collection volumes of specific waste materials, 1991 - 2003 

Figure 12 

Trends in collection volumes of problematic substances, 1991 - 2003 (incl. waste 

cooking oils and fats) 

Figure 13 Trends in collection volumes of waste cooking oils and fats, 1991 - 2003 

Figure 14 

Trends in municipal collection volumes of waste electrical and electronic equipment, 

1995 - 2003 

Figure 15 Trends in collection volumes of sewage sludge, 1996 - 2003 

Figure 16 ARA System - Austria 

Figure 17 

Trends in waste material collection centers and collection volumes of waste 

materials, 1993 - 2004 

Figure 18 Waste flow of mixed municipal waste (residual waste), 2003, in tonnes 

Figure 19 Waste flow of mixed municipal waste (residual waste), 2004, in tonnes 

Figure 20 Mass landfills in Styria, as at January 1 2004 

Figure 21 Remaining capacities of Styrian mass landfills, 1990 - 2003 

Figure 22 Biological waste treatment plants, as at January 2004 

Figure 23 Biogas plants in Styria, as at January 2004 

Figure 24 Disposal and recovery methods of municipal sewage sludge, as at 2003 

Figure 25 Quality certificate for recycled demolition and construction waste 

Figure 26 Waste volumes in Styria, 1990 - 2003 

Figure 27 Estimated quantities: total waste volume in Styria until 2015 

Figure 28 Estimated quantities: residual waste in Styria until 2015 

Figure 29 

System of sustainable waste and material flow management: 

waste management as part of the economy 

Page 79

7.1.3 List of tables 

Table 1 The national sustainability strategy of Austria: 20 key objectives in 4 fields of action 

Table 2 Overview of waste management associations in Styria 

Table 3 

Page 80 

Waste volume trends per inhabitant in Styria 1991-2003, split according to 

individual waste types in kg/inhab/year 

Table 4 Trends for selected waste types in Styria, 1991 - 2003 

Table 5 Comparison of residual waste compositions, 1998 and 2003 

Table 6 Collection volumes of waste materials, 2003, comparison Styria - Austria 

Table 7 

Spectrum of demolition and construction waste volumes in Styria, without 

excavated materials 

Table 8 Spectrum of excavated material volumes in Styria 

Table 9 

Qualifying quantities for the separate collection of demolition and construction 

waste 

Table 10 Residual waste splitting plants for municipal waste, with processing capacities 

Table 11 Mechanical-biological treatment plants in Styria, with processing capacities 

Table 12 Thermal waste treatment plants for municipal waste, 2004 

Table 13 

Mass landfills with remaining capacities, January 2004 after closure of the landfills 

in Pausendorf/Knittelfeld and Hitzendorf 

Table 14 Communal and commercial composting plants, 2004 

Table 15 Sewage treatment plants in Styria, as at 2004 

Table 16 Residual material landfills with their remaining capacities, as at December 2003 

Table 17 

Table 18 

Table 19 

Landfills for excavated soil materials with remaining capacities, as at December 

2002 

Demolition and construction waste landfills with remaining capacities, as at 

December 2002 

Stationary treatment plants of demolition and construction waste, as at December 

2003 

Table 20 Mobile treatment plants, as at December 2003 

Table 21 Expenses for the disposal of mixed municipal waste (residual waste) 

Table 22 Expenses of FA 19D, 1996 - 2003 

Table 23 Overview of collection volumes and target figures published in STAWIKO 95 

Table 24 

Comparison of estimated collection volumes for 2003 with actual collection volumes 

of 2003


7.1.4 List of abbreviations 

ARA Altstoffrecycling Austria - Waste Material Recycling Austria 

ARGE Arbeitsgemeinschaft - study group 

ARGEV ARGE Verpackungsverwertungs-GmbH. - Study Group Packaging Recycling 

ARO 

Altpapier Recycling Organisations-GesmbH - Waste Paper Recycling Organization 

Company 

ASZ Altstoffsammelzentrum - Waste material collection center 

AWG Abfallwirtschaftsgesetz - Waste Management Act 

AWIS 

Abfallwirtschaftliches Informationssystem - Waste and material flow management 

related information system 

AWV Abfallwirtschaftsverband - Waste Management Association 

BGBl. Bundesgesetzblatt - Federal Law Gazette 

BMLFUW 

chap. chapter 

DM dry matter 

EU European Union 

Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft - 

Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management 

FA Fachabteilung - Specialized Division 

Fa. Firma - company 

FA19D Specialized Division 19D: Waste and Material Flow Management 

Fig. Figure 

kg/inhab/year kilogram per inhabitant per year 

kJ/kg kilojoule/kilogram 

l liter 

L-AWPL-Stmk. 

Landes-Abfallwirtschaftsplan für Steiermark - Provincial Waste Management Plan 

for Styria 

LGBl. Landesgesetzblatt - Provincial Law Gazette 

m million 

MBT mechanical-biological waste treatment 

MVA Müllverbrennungsanlage - waste incineration plant 

No. Number 

ÖGSV 

Österreichischer Güteschutzverband Recycling-Baustoffe - Austrian Association for 

the Protection of the Quality of Recycled Demolition and Construction Waste 

ÖKK Österreichischer Kunststoffkreislauf - Austrian Plastics Circuit 

ÖWAV 

Österrischischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband - Austrian Water and Waste 

Management Association 

PSS Problemstoffsammelstelle - Collection cell for problematic substances 

StAWG Steiermärkisches Abfallwirtschaftsgesetz - Styrian Waste Management Act 

STAWIKO 95 

Steiermärkisches Abfallwirtschaftskonzept 1995 - Styrian Waste Management 

Concept 1995 

Stmk. Steiermark - Styria 

t tonne (1000 kg) 

Page 81

t/year tonnes per year 

Tab. Table 

TKV Tierkörperverwertung - animal body recovery 

VÖEB 

Page 82 

Verband Österreichischer Entsorgungsbetriebe - Association of Austrian Waste 

Disposal Companies 

WIN Wirtschaftsinitiative Nachhaltigkeit - Business Initiative Sustainability

7.2 Legal bases 


7.2.1 Federal Laws and Regulations referred to in L-AWPL-Stmk. 2005 

• Federal Act on Sustainable Waste Management (Waste Management Act 2002), Federal 

Law Gazette I 102/2002 as amended in Federal Law Gazette I No. 181/2004 

• Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Ordinance, Federal Law Gazette II No. 

121/2005 

• Ordinance on the Take-back of, Collection of, Deposit on, and Environmentally Sound 

Treatment of Specific Types of Lamps (Lamp Ordinance), Federal Law Gazette No. 

144/1992 as amended in Federal Law Gazette II No. 440/2001� repealed as of August 

13 2005 upon implementation of the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment 

Ordinance 

• Ordinance on the Take-back of and Collection of Deposit on Refillable Plastic Beverage 

Packaging, Federal Law Gazette No. 513/1990 as amended in Federal Law Gazette II No. 

440/2001 

• Ordinance on the Take-back and Limitation of Pollutants of Batteries and Accumulators, 

Federal Law Gazette No. 514/1990 as amended in Federal Law Gazette II No. 335/2000 

• Ordinance on the Determination of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Household Waste, 

Federal Law Gazette II No. 227/1997 as amended in Federal Law Gazette II No. 178/2000 

• Ordinance on the Prohibition of Certain Lubricant Additions and the Application of Chain 

Saw Oil, Federal Law Gazette No. 647/1990 

• Ordinance on Waste Evidence, Federal Law Gazette II No. 618/2003 

• Ordinance on the Separation of Materials Accumulated during Construction Work, Federal 

Law Gazette No. 259/1991 

• Ordinance on the Separate Collection of Biogenic Waste, Federal Law Gazette No. 

68/1992 as amended in Federal Law Gazette No. 456/1994 

• Ordinance on the Labelling of Plastic Packaging, Federal Law Gazette No. 137/1992 

• Refrigeration Equipment, Federal Law Gazette No. 408/1992 as amended in Federal Law 

Gazette II No. 440/2001 � repealed as of August 13 2005 upon implementation of the 

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Ordinance 

• Ordinance on Quality Requirements from Composts Made from Waste (Compost 

Ordinance) Federal Law Gazette II No. 292/2001 

• Order on the Prevention and Recycling of Packaging Waste and certain Waste Goods, 

Federal Law Gazette No. 648/1996 as amended in Federal Law Gazette II No. 440/2001 

• Ordinance on the Setting of Targets for the Prevention and Recovery of Wastes from 

Beverage Packaging and Other Packaging, Federal Law Gazette No. 646/1992 as 

amended in Federal Law Gazette II No. 435/2002 

• Ordinance on the Landfill of Waste (Landfill Ordinance), Federal Law Gazette No. 

164/1996 as amended in Federal Law Gazette II No. 49/2004 

• Ordinance on the Prevention of Waste, Collection and Treatment of End-of-Life Vehicles, 

Federal Law Gazette II No. 407/2002 

• Ordinance on Waste Incineration, Federal Law Gazette II No. 22/1999 as amended in 

Federal Law Gazette II No. 389/2002 

• Trade, Industry and Commerce Regulation Act 1994 (Gewerbeordnung), Federal Law 

Gazette No. 194/1994 as amended in Federal Law Gazette I No. 131/2004 

• Waste Treatment Obligations Ordinance, Federal Law Gazette II No. 459/2004 

• Act on the Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Federal Law Gazette No. 299/1989 as 

amended in Federal Law Gazette I No. 155/2002 

Page 83

Page 84 

• Water Management Act 1959, Federal Law Gazette. No. 215/1959 as amended in Federal 

Law Gazette. I No. 82/2003, incl. diverse regulations 

• Ordinance on Labeling of Commodities to be used with Foodstuff, Federal Law Gazette 

No. 217/1995 

• Chemicals Act 1996, Federal Law Gazette No. 93/1997 as amended in Federal Law 

Gazette I No. 98/2004, incl. diverse regulations 

• Environment Information Act, Federal Law Gazette No. 495/1993 as amended in Federal 

Law Gazette I No. 6/2005 

• Environmental Compatibility Inspection Act, Federal Law Gazettes No. 697/1993 and 

I No. 89/2000 as amended in Federal Law Gazette I No. 14/2005 

• Federal Act on the Environment, USG 2000, Federal Law Gazette I No. 114/2000 

as amended in Federal Law Gazette I No. 14/2005 

• Environmental Support Act, Federal Law Gazette No. 185/1993 as amended in Federal 


• Environment Control Act, Federal Law Gazette No. 127/1985 as amended in Federal Law 

Gazette I No. 64/2002 

• Award of Purchase Contracts, Federal Law Gazette I No. 99/2002 as amended in Federal 


• Clean Air Act, Federal Law Gazette I No. 137/2002 

• Steam Boiler Emission Act, Federal Law Gazette I No. 150/2004 

• Order on the prohibition of the incineration of biogenic waste outside of plants, Federal 

Law Gazette 405/1993 as amended in Federal Law Gazette I No. 108/2001 

• Ambient Air Quality Act, Federal Law Gazette I No. 115/1997 as amended in Federal Law 

Gazette I No. 34/2003 

• Guideline for Mechanical-Biological Treatment of Waste, BMLFUW, March 2002 

• State-of-the-art Composting, BMLFUW Guideline, February 2005 

7.2.2 Provincial Laws and Regulations referred to in L-AWPL-Stmk. 2005 

• Styrian Waste Management Act 2004, Provincial Law Gazette No. 65/2004 

• Styrian Law on the Organization of Associations of Municipalities 1997, Provincial Law 

Gazette No. 66/1997 as amended in Provincial Law Gazette No. 53/2002 

• Styrian Soil Conversation Act, Provincial Law Gazette No. 66/1987 as amended in 

Provincial Law Gazette No. 58/2000 

• Styrian Nature Conversation Act, Provincial Law Gazette No. 65/1976 as amended in 


• Styrian Building Law, Provincial Law Gazette No. 59/1995 as amended in Provincial Law 

Gazette No. 78/2003 

• Styrian Regional Planning Act, Provincial Law Gazette No. 127/1974 as amended in 


• Styrian Sewage Sludge Ordinance, Provincial Law Gazette No. 89/1987 as amended in 


• Styrian Access to Information on the Environment Act, decided unambiguously on April 19 

2005 in the Styrian Provincial Parliament, not yet published in the Provincial Law Gazette; 

estimated date of implementation: August 1 2005 

7.2.3 EU legislation (Directives and Regulations) 

• Directive 75/439/EEC on Waste Oils 

• Directive 75/442/EEC on Waste


• Directive 86/278/EEC on the Protection of the Environment, and in particular of the Soil, 

when Sewage Sludge is used in Agriculture 

• Directive 78/176/EEC on Titanium Dioxide Industrial Waste 

• Directive 91/689/EEC on Hazardous Waste 

• Directive 91/157/EEC on Batteries and Accumulators containing certain dangerous 

Substances 

• Directive 93/86/EEC adapting to Technical Progress Council Directive 91/157/EEC on 

Batteries and Accumulators containing certain dangerous Substances 

• Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 on the Supervision and Control of Shipments of Waste 

within, into and out of the European Community 

• Regulation (EEC) No 761/2001 allowing voluntary Participation by Organizations in a 

Community Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) 

• Directive 76/403/EEC on the Disposal of Polychorinated Biphenyls and Polychlorinated 

Terphenyls 

• Commission Decision 94/774/EC concerning the Standard Consignment Note referred to 

in Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 on the Supervision and Control of Shipments of Waste 

within, into and out of the European Community 

• Decision 94/3/EC establishing a List of Wastes 

• Directive 94/62/EC on Packaging and Packaging Waste 

• Directive 97/11/EC on the Assessment of the Effects of certain Public and Private Projects 

on the Environment 

• Commission Decision 97/129/EC establishing the Identification System for Packaging 

Materials pursuant to Directive 94/62/EC on Packaging and Packaging Waste 

• Commission Decision 97/138/EC establishing the Formats relating to the Database 

System pursuant to Directive 94/62/EC on Packaging and Packaging Waste 

• Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste 

• Directive 2000/53/EC on End-of life Vehicles 

• Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) 

• Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 laying down Health Rules concerning Animal By-Products 

not intended for Human Consumption 

• Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated Pollution Prevention and Control 

• Directive 1999/31/EC on the Landfill of Waste 

• Directive 2001/43/EC on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Plans and Programs on 

the Environment (SEA Directive) 

• Regulation 2150/2002/EC on Waste Statistics 

• Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 

laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Program 

• Directive 2004/12/EC amending Directive 94/62/EC on Packaging and Packaging Waste 

• Directive 2003/4/EC on Public Access to Environmental Information and repealing Council 

Directive 90/313/EEC 

• United Nations Economic Commission for Europe on Access to Information, Public 

Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Århus 

Convention), Protocol to the 1979 Convention on long range transboundary Air Pollution 

on Persistent Organic Pollutants including Annexes A and Explanatory Notes, Federal 

Law Gazette No. 157/2004 

Page 85

Sources: 

• Kodex des Österreichischen Rechts, Orac Verlag, 

• Legal Information System of the Republic of Austria, http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/ 

• EUR-Lex, http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/de/ 

Page 86


7.3 Publications related to public awareness, public relations, and 

advice on waste 

7.3.1 Publication series of FA19D 

Volume 1 - Restmüllenquete, "Investigation on Residual Waste" 

Volume 2 - Klärschlammenquete, "Investigation on Sewage Sludge" 

Volume 3 - Steiermärkisches Abfallwirtschaftskonzept 1995, "Styrian Waste Management 

Concept 1995" 

Volume 4 - Elektronikschrott-Projekt Weiz, "Electronic Scrap Weiz" 

Volume 5 - Forschungsprojekte zur biologischen Abfallbehandlung, "Research Projects 

related to Biological Waste Treatment" 

Volume 6 - Große Feste - Viele Reste?, "Big party - many leftovers?" 

Volume 7 - Elektronikschrott - Projekt Steiermark, "Electronic Scrap Project Styria" 

Volume 8 - Restmüllanalysen 1998, "Residual Waste Analyses 1998" 

Volume 9 - Restabfallsplitting im AWZ Halbenrain - Endbericht zum Pilotprojekt, "Splitting of 

Tailings in the AWZ Halbenrain: Final Pilot Project Report" 

Volume 10 - Trendsetter im Ökomarkt - Ein Reparatur- und Servicehandbuch der Steiermark, 

"Eco-market Trendsetters - Styrian Repair and Service Guide" 

Volume 11 - Altstoff- und Problemstoffsammelzentren in der Steiermark, "Waste Material 

Collection Centers and Collection Cells for Problematic Substances in Styria" 

Volume 12 - Vergaberecht im Bereich der Abfallwirtschaft, "Public Procurement in the field of 

Waste Management" 

Volume 13 - Steirische Altstoffsammelzentren, "Styria's Waste Material Collection Centers" 

7.3.2 Information leaflets pertaining to waste and material flow management 

Waste separation/waste collection 

• Übersichtsblatt zur Abfalltrennung (Deutsch/Englisch), "Overview: Waste Separation 

(German/English) 

• Abfall Trenn-ABC (Index zur Altstoff- und Problemstoffentsorgung), "ABC for Waste 

Separation (Index for the Disposal of Waste Materials and Problematic Substances)" 

• Information leaflet Sammlung und Verwertung von CDs und DVDs, "Collection and 

Recovery of CDs and DVDs" 

• Information leaflet Abfalltrennung am Friedhof, "Waste Separation on Cemeteries" 

• Information leaflet Küchenabfälle und Speisereste - richtig entsorgen, "How to dispose of 

Kitchen Waste and Leftovers" 

• Information leaflet Medizinische Abfälle - Sammlung und Behandlung, "Medical Waste: 

Collection and Treatment" 

• Information leaflet Tierkadaver und "Spezifizierte Risiko Materialien" - Richtig sammeln, 

"Animal cadavers and 'Specified Risk Materials' - How to collect them" 

• Information leaflet Christbaumentsorgung, "How to dispose of Christmas Trees" 

• Information leaflet Brauchtumsfeuer - Information über Verbrennung von Gartenabfällen, 

"Traditional bonfires - Information on Burning Garden Waste" 

• Checkliste für Brauchtumsfeuer, "Checklist for Traditional Bonfires" 

Reusable diapers & washable diapers 

• Information brochure "Der Windelwegweiser", "Diapers Guide" 

• Information brochure "Rund um’s Windelwaschen", "Washing Diapers" 

Page 87

Page 88 

• Information brochure "Rund um’s Wickeln", "Changing Diapers" 

• Folder 

diapers" 

"Förderung von waschbaren Windeln", "Encourageing the use of washable 

• Folder 

diapers" 

Bezugsquellenliste von waschbaren Windeln, "Where to get washable 

Composting 

• Information leaflet "Biomüll - Richtig sammeln", "How to collect Biogenic Waste" 

• Information leaflet "Biotonne- Hygienetipps zur Biomüllsammlung", "Organic waste 

container - tips for hygienic collection of biogenic waste" 

• Information leaflet "Kompostierung - Tipps für die Behälterausstattung", "Composting - 

tips for container equipment" 

• Information leaflet "Kompostierung - Die wichtigsten Arbeitsschritte", "Composting - The 

most important steps" 

• Information leaflet "Kompostierung - Richtig anwenden im Hausgarten", "Composting in 

your private garden" 

• Information leaflet Kompostierbare Blumenarrangements und Kränze gem. RL 29 des 

Österreichischen Umweltzeichens, "Compostable Flower Arrangements and Wreaths acc. 

to Regulation 29, Austrian Eco-Label" 

Waste cooking oils and fats 

• Information brochure "Altspeiseöle und -fette - Sammlung und Verwertung zu Biodiesel", 

"Waste cooking oils and fats: Collection and Recycling to obtain Biodiesel" 

• Information leaflet "Biodiesel" 

• Information leaflet "Biodiesel im Tank", "Tanking Biodiesel" 

• Information leaflet "Biodiesel - Tankmöglichkeiten in der Steiermark", "Biodiesel and 

where to tank it in Styria" 

• Information leaflet "Biodiesel - Aussagen der Fahrzeughersteller", "Biodiesel - 

• 

Statements of Automotive Industry" 

Information leaflet Zusatzinfo für Busse und LKW´s: Mercedes Benz - Service 

Information, "Additional Information for Buses and Trucks: Mercedes Benz Service 

Information" 

End-of-life vehicles 

• Autowrack - Eine Informationsbroschüre zur einheitlichen Vorgangsweise für die 

Entfernung von Altfahrzeugen, "Scrap vehicles: Information Brochure for Standardized 

Disposal of End-of-life Vehicles" 

• Checkliste zur Feststellung der Abfalleigenschaft von Altkraftfahrzeugen, "Checklist to 

determine when to dispose of End-of-life Vehicles" 

Electrical and electronic srap 

• Information leaflet "E-Schrott - Richtig sammeln", "How to collect E-Scrap" 

• E-Schrott - Sammlung und Verwertung (Liste der Händler und Aufarbeiter), "E-Scrap: 

Collection and Recovery (List of Manufacturers and Processors)" 

• Information brochure "E-Schrott", "E-Scrap" 

Collection of problematic substances 

• Arbeitsmappe für das Fachpersonal von kommunalen Problemstoffsammelstellen, 

"Workbook for Trained Staff of Municipal Collection Cells for Problematic Substances"


Information leaflets on recovery of demolition and construction waste 

• Folder "Richtiger Umgang mit Baurestmassen", "How to handle Demolition and 

Construction Waste" 

• Information leaflet "Baustellenabfälle - Baurestmassen", "Construction Site Waste - 

Demolition and Construction Waste" 

• Information leaflet "Historische Ziegel - Altziegel, Wappenziegel, "Historic bricks- antique 

bricks, crest bricks" 

• Information leaflet "Ziegelpflaster aus historischen Ziegeln, "Brick pavements made of 

historic bricks"" 

• Information leaflet "Der Lagerkeller - Der Gewölbekeller", "Storage cellar - vault cellar" 

• Information leaflet "Lehmputz", "Loam rendering" 

• Information leaflet "Recyclingziegel - Recyclingbetonstein", Recycled bricks - recycled 

concrete blocks" 

• Information leaflet "Recyclingsand - Recyclingsplitt", "Recycled sand - recycled gravel" 

• Information leaflet "Recyclingbeton", "Recycled concrete" 

• Information leaflet "Asphaltmosaik - Bitumenaufbruchplatten", "Asphalt mosaic - broken 

bitumen plates" 

• Information leaflet "Flachs", "Flax" 

• Information leaflet "Hanf", "Hemp" 

• Information leaflet "Kork- Korkgranulat, Korkplatten", "Cork - cork granulate, cork plates" 

• Information leaflet "Schafwolle", "Sheep wool" 

• Information leaflet "Stoffökologische Wärmedämmverbundsysteme", "Ecological heat 

insulation systems" 

• Information leaflet "Weichfaserplatten", "Softboards" 

• Information leaflet "Mineralschaumplatte", "Mineral foam boards" 

• Information leaflet "Zellulose - Altpapierflocken, Altpapierflockenplatten", "Cellulose - 

waste paper flakes, waste paper flake plates" 

• Information leaflet "Holz mit konstruktivem Holzschutz", "Wood with constructive 

protection" 

• Information leaflet "Oberflächenbehandlung für Holz, Kork und Ton", "Treating surfaces 

made fo wood, cork, and clay" 

• Information leaflet "Altholz - Altholzstiege, Altholzboden", "Waste wood - waste wood 

steps, waste wood floor" 

• Information leaflet "Fenstereinbau ohne Montageschaum", "Installing windows without 

fitting foam glue" 

• Information leaflet "Fensterrenovierung", "Renovating Windows" 

• Information leaflet "Gussheizkörper", "Cast iron heaters" 

Page 89

7.3.3 Publications within the Business Initiative Sustainability - WIN 

Page 90 

General documents: 

• Position paper of December 5 2002 

• Konsulentenpool-Hintergrundpapier vom Oktober 2002, Consulter pool background 

document of October 2002" 

• Folder "Beratungsscheck", "Consulting Voucher" 

• Folder "Beratungsförderung", "Consulting Promotion" 

• Auszeichnungsmodell / Hintergrundpapier, "Award model/Background document" 

Documents for individual WIN programs: 

• WIN-Business Training / Programm 2005 

• Broschure "Reparieren statt wegwerfen", Brochure "Repairing instead of throwing away" 

• WIN-Bau / Nachhaltiges Bauen in der Steiermark, "WIN construction/Sustainable building 

in Styria" 

• AWK-Plus 

• AWK-Plus Tourismus - Handbuch, "Tourism Guide" 

• Workshop-Folder "Nachhaltigkeitsbericht", "Sustainability Report" 

• Workshop-Folder "AWK-Plus - Kosten-Nutzencheck", "AWK Plus - Cost-benefit analysis" 

Other documents 

• Broschure "Spezialitäten aus der Steiermark", "Styrian specialties " 

• Broschure "Unternehmen und ihre gesellschaftliche Verantwortung", "Enterprises and 

corporate responsibility" 

• Broschure "Förderungen im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit", "Funding and sustainability" 

7.3.4 Information leaflets and papers pertaining to sustainability/sustainable development 

Creating public awareness for sustainable living in ten fields 

• Arbeit im Einklang mit dem Umfeld!, "Working in tune with the environment" 

• Geschmackvolles Essen!, "Tasty food" 

• Freizeit genießen!, "Enjoy your spare time" 

• Geld richtig eingesetzt!, "How to use money" 

• Lebensraum Gemeinde!, "Living space: Municipality" 

• Gut angezogen!, "Well dressed" 

• Management für die Zukunft!,"Management for the future" 

• Mobilität im Einklang mit der Umwelt!, "Environmentally friendly mobility" 

• Sinnvoller Urlaub!, "Sustainable holidays" 

• Schöner Wohnen, "Better living" 

• Zukunftswege - das Magazin für Nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Steiermark, "Ways into 

the future - the magazine for sustainable development in Styria" 

• Lebenswert - Perspektiven für die Steiermark (ersetzt zukünftig das Magazin 

"Zukunftswege"), "Livable - perspectives for Styria" (will replace "Zukunftswege") 

• Information leaflet "Steirische Nachhaltigkeit im Cyberspace", "Styrian sustainability in the 

cyberspace" 

• Information leaflet "NAVIKO - der Steirische Nachhaltigkeitskompass", "Styrian 

sustainability compass"

Tales on sustainability 54 

• Frische Semmeln und neue Werte 

• Leanders Blütenwache 

• Tequila, Träume und nachhaltige Tatsachen 

Picture - Text - Animations 

• Boxenstopp im Hirnkasten 

• Don´t think pink 

• Schatzkiste Steiermark - "Treasures of Styria" 

54 Dodo Kresse – journalist and author 


Page 91

7.4 Past Waste Management Concepts 

7.4.1 Styrian Waste Management Concept 1989 ("Time is Waste") 

Page 92 

agreed upon by the Styrian Provincial Government on 

July 3 1989, 

issued by the former 

Specialized Division IIIc - Water Provision, Management 

of Waste Water and Waste 

7.4.2 Styrian Framework Plan for Trade and Industry (RIGA 1992) 

compiled on order of the former Specialized Division 1c - Waste Management of the Styrian 

Provincial Government 

7.4.3 Styrian Waste Management Concept 1995 - "STAWIKO 95" 

agreed upon by the Styrian Provincial Government on 

May 20 1996, 

published within the series of 

Specialized Division 19D (formerly FA1c - Waste 

Management)

7.5 Contact addresses 


7.5.1 Federal Ministry 

� Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, 

Stubenring 1, 1012 Vienna, Tel.: +43 01/71 100-0 55 

office@lebensministerium.at, www.lebensministerium.at 

7.5.2 Provincial Units 

� Specialized Division 7A - Gemeinden und Wahlen (Municipalities and Elections), 

Hofgasse 11-13, 8010 Graz 

Tel.: (0316) 877-0, fa7a@stmk.gv.at 

� Specialized Division 10A - Agrarrecht und ländliche Entwicklung (Agricultural Legislation 

and Rural Development), Krottendorferstraße 94, 8052 Graz-Wetzelsdorf, 


� Specialized Division 13A - Umwelt- und Anlagenrecht (Environment and Plant 

Legislation), Landhausgasse 7, 8010 Graz, 


� Specialized Division 13B - Bau- und Raumordnung, Energieberatung (Spatial Planning 

and Energy Consulting), Fachstelle Energie - Landesenergiebeauftragter 

8010 Graz, Burggasse 9/I, Tel.: (0316) 877-4555, energie@stmk.gv.at 

� Specialized Division 13C - Naturschutz (Environment Protection), 

Karmeliterplatz 2, 8010 Graz 

Tel.: (0316) 877-2653, fa13c@stmk.gv.at 

� Specialized Division 17A - Allgemeine technische Angelegenheiten (General Technical 

Issues), Landhausgasse 7, 8010 Graz, 


� Specialized Division 17B - Technik und Sachverständigendienst (Engineering and Expert 

Witnesses), 

Alberstraße 1, 8010 Graz, Tel.: (0316) 877-2930, fa17b@stmk.gv.at 

� Specialized Division 17C - Technische Umweltkontrolle und Sicherheitswesen (Technical 

Environmental Control and Safety) 

Landhausgasse 7, 8010 Graz, 

Tel.: (0316) 877-4414, fa17c@stmk.gv.at 

� Specialized Division 19A - Wasserwirtschaftliche Planung und Siedlungswasserwirtschaft 

(Water Management and Environmental Engineering), 

8010 Graz, Stempfergasse 7, 


� Specialized Division 19D - Abfall- und Stoffflusswirtschaft (Waste and Material Flow 

Management), Bürgergasse 5a, 8010 Graz, 

Tel.: (0316) 877-4323, fa19d@stmk.gv.at 

7.5.3 Waste Management Associations 

� Dachverband der Steirischen Abfallwirtschaftsverbände (Umbrella Organization of Styrian 

Waste Management Associations) Feldkirchner Straße 96, 8055 Seiersberg, Tel.: (0316) 

292221, dachverband@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� Landeshauptstadt Graz, Magistrat Graz - Umweltamt, Referat für 

Abfallwirtschaftscontrolling, (City of Graz, Magistrate Graz, Office for the Environment, 

Waste Management Controlling) 8010 Graz, Kaiserfeldgasse 1/IV, 

Tel.: (0316) 872-4360, abfallwirtschaft@stadt.graz.at 

� AWV Deutschlandsberg, Kirchengasse 7, 8530 Deutschlandsberg, Tel.: (03462) 5251, 

awv.deutschlandsberg@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

55 All telephone numbers listed below must be preceded by: 0043 

Page 93

Page 94 

� AWV Graz- Umgebung, Triester Straße 57, 8055 Seiersberg, Tel.: (0316) 291135, 

awv.graz-umgebung@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Feldbach, Öko-Platz 1, 8330 Feldbach, Tel.: (03152) 5073-0, 

awv.feldbach@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Fürstenfeld, Bahnhofstrasse 9-11, 8280 Fürstenfeld, Tel.: (0664) 1800899, 

awv.fuerstenfeld@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Hartberg, 8295 St. Johann in der Haide 170, Tel.: (03332) 65456, 

awv.hartberg@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Judenburg, Burggasse 15, 8750 Judenburg, Tel.: (03572) 83146-293, 

awv.judenburg@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Knittelfeld, Anton-Regner-Straße 31, 8720 Knittelfeld, 

Tel.: (03512) 82641-107, awv.knittelfeld@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Leibnitz, 8430 Leibnitz, Kadagasse 4/1, Tel.: (03452) 76166, 

awv.leibnitz@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Leoben, Neues Rathaus, Erzherzog-Johann-Straße 2, 8700 Leoben, 

Tel.: (03842) 4062-329 oder 298, awv.leoben@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Liezen, Gesäusestraße 50, 8940 Liezen, Tel.: (03612) 23925-11, 

awv.liezen@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Mürzverband, Linke Mürzzeile 20, 8605 Kapfenberg, Tel.: (03862) 22740, 

awv.muerzverband@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Murau, Müllhygienisierungsanlage (Waste sanitation plant) 8842 Frojach-Katsch, 

Tel: (03588) 4921, awv.murau@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Radkersburg, Siedlung 67, 8093 St. Peter am Ottersbach, Tel.: (03477) 3454-11, 

awv.radkersburg@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Schladming, 8967 Haus im Ennstal, MHA Aich-Assach, Tel.: (03686) 5119, 

awv.schladming@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Voitsberg, Conrad-v.-Hötzendorfstraße 14a, 8570 Voitsberg, Tel.: (03142) 23840, 

awv.voitsberg@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

� AWV Weiz, Oberfladnitz 23, 8160 Weiz, Tel.: (03172) 41041, 

awv.weiz@abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

7.5.4 Interest representations 

� Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Steiermark (Regional Chamber of Labor of Styria) 

8020 Graz, Hans-Resel-Gasse 8-14, Tel.: (05) 7799-0 

info@akstmk.at, www.akstmk.at, http://stmk.arbeiterkammer.at/ 

� Landeskammer für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Steiermark (Chamber for Agriculture and 

Forestry) 

8010 Graz, Hamerlinggasse 3, Tel.: (0316) 8050-0 

office@lk-stmk.at, www.lk-stmk.at, http://stmk.agrarnet.info/ 

� Wirtschaftskammer Steiermark (Regional Economic Chamber of Styria) 

8021 Graz, Körblergasse 111-113, Tel.: (0316) 601 

office@wkstmk.at, http://wko.at/stmk/ 

� VÖEB - Verband Österreichischer Entsorgungsbetriebe (Association of Austrian Waste 

Disposal Companies) 

1070 Wien, Lothringerstraße 12, Tel.: (01) 713 02 53 

voeb@voeb.at, www.voeb.at 

7.5.5 Organizations and institutions (NGOs - non governmental organizations) 

� ARGE Müllvermeidung (ARGE Waste Prevention) 

8020 Graz, Dreihackengasse 1, Tel.: (0316) 712309-0 

office@arge.at, www.arge.at


� BAN - Beratung, Arbeit, Neubeginn, Sozialökonomische BetriebsgmbH 

8020 Graz, Ungergasse 31, Tel.: (0316) 716637 

office@ban-soeb.at, www.ban-soeb.at 

� LandesEnergieVerein Steiermark - LEV (Provincial Energy Agency) 

8010 Graz, Burggasse 9/II, Tel.: (0316) 877-3389 

office@lev.at, www.lev.at 

� Ökologische Landentwicklung - ÖLE 

Am Ökopark 9, 8230 Hartberg, Tel.: (03332) 62922-0 

office@oele-stmk.at, www.oele-stmk.at 

� Ökoservice - Gemeinnützige Beschäftigungs- und Qualifizierungsgesellschaft 

8020 Graz, Asperngasse 16, Tel.: (0316) 586670-0 

office@oekoservice.at, www.oekoservice.at 

� Österreichischer Baustoff-Recycling Verband - BRV (Austrian Association for Recycling of 

Demolition and Construction Waste) 

1040 Wien, Karlsgasse 5, Tel.: (01) 5047289 

brv@brv.at, www.brv.at 

� ÖWAV - Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband (Austrian Water and 

Waste Management Association) 

1010 Wien, Marc-Aurel-Straße 5, Tel.: (01) 535 57 20 

buero@oewav.at, www.oewav.at 

� Ros@lie - Verein für Kinder- und Jugendprojekte Österreich, Liese Esslinger 

8010 Graz, Sandgasse 45/2/9, Tel.: 0650 - 6279607 

muellhexe.rosalie@inode.at, www.rosalie.st 

� Umweltbildungszentrum Steiermark - UBZ (Center for Environmental Education) 

Brockmanngasse 53, 8010 Graz, Tel.: (0316) 835404 

office@ubz-stmk.at, www.ubz-stmk.at 

7.5.6 Recycling companies 

� Altstoff Recycling Austria AG (ARA) 

License contracts, system financing, system communication 

Mariahilfer Straße 123, A-1062 Wien 

Tel.: (01) 599 97-0, Fax: (01) 595 35 35 

Homepage:http://www.ara.at 

� Altpapier Recycling Organisations Gesellschaft m.b.H. (ARO) 

Collection and recovery of paper/carton/cardboards/corrugated fiberboard 

Gumpendorfer Straße 6, A-1061 Wien 

Tel.: (01) 581 35 00-0, Fax: (01) 581 39 91 

Homepage: http://www.aro.at 

� Aluminium Recycling GmbH (ALUREC) 

Recovery of aluminum packagings 

Langegasse 30, A-2603 Felixdorf 

Tel.: (02628) 639 330, Fax: (02628) 639 33 

Homepage: http://www.alurec.at 

� Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verbundmaterialien GmbH (AVM) 

Recovery of packagings from material composites 

Altmannsdorfer Straße 91, A-1120 Wien 

Tel.: (01) 720 70 01-0, Fax: (01) 720 70 01-40 

� ARGEV Verpackungsverwertungs-Ges.m.b.H. (ARGEV) 

Collection and sorting of packagings made of plastic, metal, wood, textiles, ceramics, and 

material composites 

Lindengasse 43/12, A-1071 Wien 

Tel.: (01) 521 49-0, Fax: (01) 523 85 40 

Homepage: http://www.argev.co.at 

� Austria Glas Recycling GmbH (AGR) 

Collection and recovery of glass packagings 

Page 95

Page 96 

Obere Donaustraße 71, A-1020 Wien 

Tel.: (01) 214 56 00-0, Fax: (01) 214 49 08 

Homepage: http://www.agr.at 

� FerroPack Recycling GmbH (FERROPACK) 

Recovery of packagings from ferrometals such as steel and tin plate 

Obere Donaustraße 71, A-1020 Wien 

Tel.: (01) 214 56 00-0, Fax: (01) 214 56 16 

Homepage: http://www.ferropack.at 

� Österreichischer Kunststoffkreislauf AG (ÖKK) 

Recovery of plastic and textile packagings 

Altmannsdorfer Straße 91, A-1120 Wien 

Tel.: (01) 720 70 01-0, Fax: (01) 720 70 01-40 

Homepage: http://www.okk.co.at 

� Verein für Holzpackmittel (VHP) 

Recovery of wood packagings 

Hochstraßgasse 33, A-7423 Pinkafeld 

Tel.: (03357) 462 42-0, Fax: (03357) 462 42-4 

Homepage:http://www.vhp.at

7.6 Glossary 

anthropogenic caused or influenced by humans 


Balance Scorecard Balanced Scorecard (BSC) promises a balanced and result-oriented management 

approach based on performance indicators. An organization's performance is 

considered as "balance" between economy, client perspective, business processes, 

and staff development. All elements are displayed on a scorecard, sketching a 

strategic field of action for each element, which is then divided into individual 

targets, their indicators, and their specific nature. 

biogenic municipal 

waste (organic waste) 

bulky municipal waste 

(bulky waste) 

biogenic municipal waste to be collected separately pursuant to § 4 para. 4 N. 2 

StAWG 2004 (compostable municipal waste such as e.g. waste from kitchens, 

gardens, markets or cemeteries) 

Pursuant to § 4 para. 4 N. 3 StAWG 2004 bulky waste is waste that that by nature 

can neither be collected in the provided collection containers nor by municipal 

waste collection. 

hazardous waste "Hazardous waste" pursuant to § 2 Abs. 4 Z 3 AWG 2002 is waste that has been 

defined as "hazardous" in a legislative act according to § 4 AWG 2002. 

Performance indicators Performance indicators are used to help define and measure progress toward 

(organizational) goals 

material flow analysis Material flow analysis according to Baccini & Brunner (1996) is a suitable 

instrument to observe materials/goods, processes, and parties within a specific 

system. This method helps reducing a complex system to the materials/goods, 

processes, and parties in question and can provide concrete information. Thereby, 

the relevant flows of goods and materials are recognized and can be directed 

towards the desired target by specific measures. (ÖWAV Regelblatt 514, 2003) 

Mission statement A mission statement contains orientation guidelines for further developments. 

mixed municipal waste 

(residual waste) 

Pursuant to § 4 Abs. 4 Z 5 StAWG 2004 mixed municipal waste (residual waste) is 

the part of non-hazardous municipal waste that cannot be assigned to the following 

fractions: 

- waste materials (§ 4 para. 4 N. 1 StAWG 2004), 

- biogenic municipal waste (§ 4 para. 4 N. 2 StAWG 2004), 

- bulky municipal waste (§ 4 para. 4 N. 3 StAWG 2004) 

- street sweepings (§ 4 para. 4 N. 4 StAWG 2004) 

municipal waste Pursuant to § 2 para. 4 AWG 2002 and § 4 para. 4 StAWG 2004 municipal waste is 

waste from private households and other waste types which are, due to their 

natures and composition, comparable to waste generated in private households. 

problematic substances Pursuant to § 2 para. 4 N. 4 AWG 2002, problematic substances are hazardous 

waste usually generated in private households or generated by any other waste 

producers if they are comparable to private households by nature and quantity. In 

both cases, the waste is considered problematic as long as it is kept by the waste 

producers. 

Regelblatt (Guideline) The ÖWAV guidelines aim to describe state-of-the-art processes, facilities, and 

modes of operation. Basically, they are intended for experts (production engineers, 

operators, authorities), however, they are also expected to provide valuable 

information on technical requirements regarding planning, construction, operation, 

and maintenance of installations and on staff training for authorities and Specialized 

Divisions. 

separately collected waste materials pursuant to § 4 para. 4 N. 1 StAWG 2004 (such as e.g. textiles, 

Page 97

ecoverable municipal 

waste 

Page 98 

paper, metals, glass, waste cooking oils and fats - without packaging waste) 

strategies Strategies indicate (on a superordinate level) the basic way of how to accomplish a 

vision or a specific, defined target state. 

street sweepings municipal waste pursuant to § 4 para. 4 N. 4 StAWG 2004 that is generated on 

public streets, squares, and parks and that is by nature subject to residual waste 

treatment 

sustainable 

development 

Sustainable development is development which implies meeting the needs of the 

present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own 

needs and to choose their own way of living. The claim to durable sustainable 

development shall be valid for all countries and people. 

target value Performance indicators are supplemented with a target value which measures 

directly whether a target is reached (quantitative target value) or which at least 

determines whether a target is reached (qualitative target value). 

targets Targets (or goals) are statements on future achievements. (Strategic) targets are 

subordinate to a strategy and indicate the intended result. 

vision A "vision" is a "picture of future", a target state to be reached in future. Usually a 

vision describes a desired state which is apparently unlikely to become true. Visions 

within the Provincial Waste Management Plan Styria are target states to be reached 

within 10 years. 

waste Pursuant to § 2 para. 1 AWG 2002 and § 4 StAWG 2004, waste is defined as 

movables the owner wants to dispose of or has disposed of, or which must be 

collected, stored, transported, and treated as waste in order to protect public 

interests. 

waste cooking oils and 

fats 

Waste cooking oils and fats are fats of animal or plant origin. According to the 

Waste Catalogue Ordinance 2003 they are not considered problematic substances; 

however they must be collected separately pursuant to § 16 para. 6 AWG 2002 and 

passed on to an authorized waste collector or waste processor. 

waste disposal Pursuant to § 1 AWG 2002 non-recoverable waste is to be treated according to its 

nature with biological, thermal, chemical or physical procedures. Solid residues 

must be stored correctly and as non-reactive as possible. 

waste from trade and 

industry 

Waste generated within production processes of trade and industry, without 

municipal waste 

waste materials Waste materials pursuant to § 2 para. 4 N. 1 AWG 2002 are 

a) separately collected waste or 

b) materials obtained during waste treatment in order to recycle them in an 

authorized way. 

waste prevention Pursuant to § 1 AWG 2002 waste volumes and their pollutant contents must be kept 

as low as possible. Waste prevention means to avoid waste during production, or to 

buy low-waste products. 

waste recovery Pursuant to § 1 AWG 2002 waste is to be recovered if this is ecologically useful and 

technically feasible and if the resulting extra costs are not disproportionate, and if a 

market for the reclaimed substances or energy does already exist or can be 

created. Waste recovery allows reintegrating processed waste into the material 

cycle, recoverable waste serving as raw materials for the production of new goods. 

Since the raw materials pass the material cycle several times, the term "recycling" 

is used.

APPENDIX 7.7 - Waste classification 

Classification Group ÖNorm SNr. AV-Code spec FNr Classification according to ÖNorm S2100 

Classification according to Waste Catalogue 

Ordinance 

Current classification according to "Waste survey" 

Province 1 91101 20 03 01 1 Household waste and similar waste from trade and industry Mixed municipal waste Mixed municipal waste (residual waste) 

Province 2 91401 20 03 07 2 Bulky waste Bulky waste Bulky municipal waste (bulky waste) 

Province 4 91104* [91202] 20 01 08 4 

Biogenic waste materials, separately collected [waste from kitchens 

and canteens] 

Bio-degradeable waste from kitchens and canteens 

Biogenic waste, collected separately (organic waste 

container) 

Province 4 91601 20 02 01 Market waste Compostable waste Market waste 

Province 4 91701 20 02 01 27 Garden and park waste Compostable waste Municipal garden and park waste 

Province 4 91702 20 02 01 5 Cemetery waste Compostable waste Cemetery waste 

Province 4 20 02 01 Biogenic municipal waste (organic waste) Compostable waste Biogenic municipal waste (organic waste) 

Province 5 91501 20 03 03 6 Street sweepings Street sweepings Street sweepings 

Province 6 35315 19 12 03 37 Non-ferrous metals and packagings Non-ferrous metals Non-ferrous metals 

Province 6 18718 20 01 01 Waste paper, paper, and cardboard, uncoated Paper and cardboard/carton Paper, cardboard, cartons 

Province 6 31408 20 01 02 33 Glass (e.g. flat glass) Glass Flat glass 

Province 8 31465 17 02 02 38 Glass and ceramics, with product-specific components Glass Composite glass 

Province 6 17201 20 01 38 14 Wood packagings and waste wood, not contaminated Wood, excluding…. Waste wood 

Province 6 58107 20 01 10 Waste cloths and fibers, waste clothes Clothes Clothes 

Province 6 58107 20 01 11 9 Waste cloths and fibers, waste clothes Textiles Textiles 

Province 6 12302 20 01 25 41 Fats (e.g. frying oils) Waste cooking oils and fats Waste cooking oils and fats 

Province 6 57108 20 01 39 Polystyrene, expanded polystyrene Plastics Plastics 

Province 6 57108 20 01 39 53 Polystyrene, expanded polystyrene Plastics Styro-foam 

Province 6 57119 20 01 39 32 Plastic foils Plastics Silage films 

Province 6 35103 20 01 40 10 Waste iron and steel, contaminated Metals Metals/ferrous scrap (without vehicles) 

Province 6 Recoverable waste materials Recoverable waste materials Recoverable municipal waste (waste materials) 

Province 8 31305, 31306 10 01 01 20 Coal ashes; wood ashes Rust and boiler slag….. Ashes 

Province 8 94701 19 08 01 30 Rakings Rakings and screen residues Rakings 

Province 8 ? ? 50 Other waste types - not specified Other waste types - not specified Other waste types - not specified 

Province 8 91401 [91402] ? 31 High calorific fraction from processed bulky waste, not........ Bulky waste (recoverable) Bulky waste (recoverable) 

Province 8 91101 20 03 01 39 Diapers Diapers Diapers 

Province 8 Other waste types Other waste types Other waste types 

Province 9 31427 17 01 01 36 Concrete waste Concrete Concrete waste 

Province 9 31409 17 01 07 21 Debris (no construction site waste) Composites of concrete, bricks, tiles, and ceramics… Debris 

Province 9 31411* [Spez] 17 05 04 34 Excavated soil [only with specification] Soil and stones except…. Excavated materials 

Province 8 91206 17 09 04 13 Construction site waste (no debris) Mixed construction site waste and debris…. Waste windows 

Province 9 91206 17 09 04 22 Construction site waste (no debris) Mixed construction site waste and debris…. Construction site waste 

Province 9 314 [31409] 35 Other solid mineral waste Demolition and construction waste 

Province 9 Demolition and construction waste Demolition and construction waste Demolition and construction waste 

Province Waste - requirements based on Province legislation Waste - requirements based on Province legislation Waste - requirements based on Province legislation

APPENDIX 7.7 - Waste classification 

Classification Group ÖNorm SNr. AV-Code spec FNr Classification according to ÖNorm S2100 

Classification according to Waste Catalogue 

Ordinance 

Current classification according to "Waste survey" 

Federal State 3 91201 15 01 01 8 Packaging materials and cartons Paper and cardboard packagings Paper, packagings, printed notes 

Federal State 3 91207 15 01 02 12 Lightweight fraction from packaging collection Plastic packagings Lightweight fraction packagings (ARGEV) 

Federal State 3 35105 15 01 04 11 Metal packagings (ARGEV) Metal packagings Metal packagings (ARGEV) 

Federal State 3 15 01 05 ? Composite packagings Composite packagings 

Federal State 3 31468, 31469 15 01 07 7 Glass packagings Glass packagings Glass packagings 

Federal State 3 15 Packaging waste 

Packagings (including separately collected municipal 

Metal packagings 

packaging waste) 

Federal State 8 57502 16 01 03 04 15 Waste tires and tire chips Waste tires - without rim Waste tires 

Federal State 8 57502 16 01 03 04 16 Waste tires and tire chips Waste tires - without rim Waste tires (trucks) 

Federal State 8 57502 16 01 03 05 17 Waste tires and tire chips Waste tires - rim Waste tires, with rim 

Federal State 8 57502 16 01 03 05 18 Waste tires and tire chips Waste tires - rim Waste tires, with rim (trucks) 

Federal State 8 57502 16 01 03 04 51 Waste tires and tire chips Waste tires - without rim Waste tires (tractor) 

Federal State 8 57502 16 01 03 05 52 Waste tires and tire chips Waste tires - rim Waste tires, with rim (tractor) 

Federal State 8 Other waste types Other waste types Other waste types 

Federal State 7 35322 16 06 01 47 Lead accumulators Lead batteries Car batteries 

Federal State 7 54102 20 01 26 40 Waste mineral oils 

Oils and fats excluding 20 01 25 - waste cooking oils and 

Waste mineral oils 

fats 

Federal State 7 53501, 53510 18 01 09 + 08 42 Waste medicinal products… Waste medicinal products… Medical waste 

Federal State 7 35339 20 01 21 43 Gas discharge lamps (e.g. fluorescent lamps) Fluorescent lamps and other mercury containing waste Lamps (fluorescent lamps) 

Federal State 7 35205, 35206 20 01 23 45 

Refrigeration and AC equipment with cooling media containing 

CFCs, HFCs, and CHCs 

Used appliances containing CFCs Refrigeration equipment 

Federal State 7 35338 20 01 33 46 Batteries, not sorted Batteries and accumulators…. Small batteries 

Federal State 7 ? ? 48 Problematic substances - not specified Problematic substances - not specified 

Federal State 7 Problematic substances Problematic substances Problematic substances 

Federal State 14 35220, 35221 20 01 35 + 36 26 Waste electrical and electronic equipment - large appliances >=50cm E-scrap - large appliances without refrigerators and freezers 

Federal State 14 35230, 35231 20 01 35 + 36 25 Waste electrical and electronic equipment - small appliances >=50cm E-scrap - small appliances and appliance parts 

Federal State 14 35212 ? 44 Screen appliances, including cathode ray tubes E-scrap - screen appliances 

Federal State 14 Waste electrical and electronic equipment Waste electrical and electronic equipment Electrical and electronic scrap 

Federal State 10 35203, 35204 16 01 06 19 Vehicles, engines, and engine parts… End-of-life vehicles which…. End-of-life vehicles (scrap vehicles) 

Federal State Waste - requirements based on Federal legislation Waste - requirements based on Federal legislation Waste - requirements based on Federal legislation 

Total waste volumes in Styria Total waste volumes in Styria Total waste volumes in Styria 

* not to be used according the amendment of the Waste Catalogue Ordinance, Federal Law Gazette II No. 89/2005, April 6 2005

Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung Fachabteilung 19D Abfall- und Stoffflusswirtschaft 7_8_Mengen AEH-Daten t 

APPENDIX 7. 8 - Waste management relevant data for Styria [in tonnes per year] 

Current classification according to "Waste 

Classification 

survey" 

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Province Mixed municipal waste (residual waste) 238.616.0 216.490.0 178.671.2 148.018.1 128.887.0 131.057.7 133.949.2 133.501.1 131.070.4 133.053.9 134.071.9 131.276.5 132.509.7 134.588.8 138.650.8 140.676.5 146.359.0 145.785.3 

Province Bulky municipal waste (bulky waste) 7.261.0 13.296.0 17.595.1 19.452.4 22.768.3 32.747.0 36.312.8 36.568.6 33.959.0 36.432.1 37.420.2 45.602.7 47.906.0 46.606.6 39.771.9 33.584.5 42.008.9 41.666.5 

Province 

Biogenic waste, collected separately (organic 

waste container) 

1.163.0 9.761.0 19.558.0 35.416.8 48.401.0 52.726.6 57.546.3 59.706.0 62.449.0 54.585.6 56.797.1 53.358.3 56.189.4 56.224.6 59.393.5 59.983.9 62.661.8 62.609.2 

Province Market waste 

Province Municipal garden and park waste 534.0 3.528.0 12.890.4 12.280.1 10.279.4 11.561.7 13.200.6 19.497.2 21.596.2 27.224.4 22.941.6 

Province Cemetery waste 3.261.9 3.027.5 3.432.4 7.169.1 3.237.4 3.495.2 3.492.5 3.454.7 2.790.0 2.919.9 2.826.6 2.817.8 2.761.2 

Province Biogenic municipal waste (biogenic waste) 1.163.0 9.761.0 19.558.0 35.416.8 48.401.0 55.988.5 61.107.8 66.666.4 69.618.1 70.713.4 72.572.4 67.130.3 71.205.8 72.215.2 81.810.6 84.406.7 92.704.0 88.312.0 

Province Street sweepings 0.0 5.384.0 11.299.9 4.202.8 2.977.0 3.468.0 4.305.8 2.345.0 2.562.7 2.561.7 2.672.9 4.513.1 3.127.4 3.274.8 4.713.2 4.289.7 4.003.3 2.065.1 

Province Non-ferrous metals 5.7 5.4 15.8 5.4 6.5 11.7 1.5 91.5 16.1 10.9 

Province Paper, cardboard, cartons 

Province Flat glass 99.0 178.7 199.4 263.4 437.3 381.3 425.6 510.4 667.2 707.0 

Province Composite glass 0.2 0.5 4.6 4.6 8.1 3.6 8.0 8.2 2.4 

Province Waste wood 209.0 522.1 5.991.0 6.363.0 11.493.8 13.218.3 9.773.0 10.759.1 11.328.5 17.944.7 19.319.8 20.262.8 23.007.2 

Province Clothes 

Province Textiles 770.0 814.0 1.161.2 922.9 1.888.4 2.543.3 2.291.5 2.722.1 2.875.9 2.654.5 2.825.8 2.758.5 2.607.3 2.954.2 2.916.7 2.528.5 2.471.4 2.552.5 

Province Waste cooking oils and fats 398.9 642.6 654.6 727.5 771.9 953.4 1.074.9 1.044.6 1.075.9 1.163.5 1.008.1 1.099.1 1.201.2 

Province Plastics 929.0 1.295.0 1.228.2 784.0 11.611.2 126.2 149.2 

Province Polystyrene 1.2 4.5 7.3 6.8 6.6 9.1 4.4 16.6 20.0 

Province Silage films 3.4 61.5 164.3 224.2 289.7 336.8 497.1 536.0 715.4 749.8 711.7 

Province Metal/ferrous scrap (excluding vehicles) 6.905.0 12.603.0 14.396.9 15.134.8 20.522.8 12.969.0 14.560.6 15.238.2 14.862.6 14.416.8 15.138.9 15.154.3 15.466.9 14.342.8 14.300.5 13.513.5 13.270.2 12.499.1 

Province 

Recoverable municipal waste (waste 

materials) 

8.604.0 14.712.0 16.786.3 16.841.7 34.022.4 16.120.4 18.020.2 24.606.0 24.995.7 29.686.6 32.585.0 29.326.5 30.669.9 30.606.2 37.301.2 37.699.6 38.687.6 40.861.2 

Province Waste windows 7.0 10.1 27.1 4.2 0.2 1.7 3.2 4.6 4.0 

Province Ashes 33.2 33.0 22.0 9.6 3.5 11.6 6.3 7.0 0.0 3.4 

Province Rakings 310.9 188.1 296.4 1.079.9 1.717.3 676.5 1.113.1 1.009.5 1.174.8 1.564.3 623.3 

Province Other waste types - not specified 3.810.0 771.1 5.750.7 8.161.4 1.023.8 3.096.9 7.699.4 6.124.9 5.985.1 7.436.4 4.623.1 2.340.7 5.110.5 

Province Bulky waste (recoverable) 53.8 35.2 25.8 14.2 2.4 2.5 0.8 64.8 7.8 

Province Diapers 392.6 427.0 395.3 394.9 478.1 452.1 702.2 703.0 784.5 809.0 

Province Other waste types 0.0 3.810.0 771.1 5.750.7 8.161.4 1.077.7 346.1 247.1 439.9 725.9 4.596.5 9.821.9 7.283.0 7.561.9 9.154.4 6.572.7 4.694.1 6.558.0 

Province Concrete waste 22.4 1.068.2 60.5 343.5 339.0 751.0 1.685.0 

Province Debris 6.1 13.842.6 18.675.1 19.300.2 25.247.1 11.829.1 17.938.8 10.939.0 16.635.6 22.320.4 23.334.1 24.875.3 

Province Excavated materials 40.0 7.071.6 15.100.0 337.0 17.934.8 8.202.7 39.939.6 16.161.8 

Province Construction site waste 95.8 34.6 159.4 49.4 81.5 391.0 912.2 290.9 130.1 170.7 125.2 

Province Demolition and construction waste 151.3 167.0 11.884.3 1.359.2 378.4 3.718.1 2.446.8 3.538.6 2.548.7 

Province Demolition and construction waste 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 13.938.4 18.923.4 19.459.6 25.463.5 30.866.5 35.857.2 12.627.1 38.922.9 33.439.0 67.734.0 45.396.0 

Province 

Waste - requirements based on Province 

legislation 

255.644.0 263.453.0 244.681.6 229.682.5 245.217.1 240.459.4 254.048.0 277.872.6 281.569.1 292.633.0 309.382.3 318.537.5 328.559.0 307.480.6 350.325.0 340.668.7 396.190.9 370.644.1 

Federal State Paper, packagings, printed forms 32.601.0 40.177.0 43.227.8 51.344.9 57.806.3 61.350.3 67.382.0 71.477.2 73.451.0 80.147.5 83.284.2 81.160.7 81.985.8 82.227.7 86.152.7 90.507.0 94.444.7 99.335.0 

Federal State Lightweight fraction packagings (ARGEV) 16.523.2 16.187.0 16.300.2 17.304.6 17.549.3 19.056.7 19.420.4 19.500.1 21.284.0 22.382.8 23.770.7 24.688.0 25.199.7 

Federal State Metal packagings (ARGEV) 

Federal State Composite packagings 

6.117.6 6.319.8 6.346.9 6.575.0 6.267.6 6.283.5 5.936.2 6.088.9 5.751.4 5.848.3 5.761.8 5.734.0 5.675.5 

Federal State Glass packagings 21.370.0 25.034.0 27.369.9 28.791.0 30.075.3 28.858.0 30.616.2 29.640.0 29.560.1 29.203.8 29.086.5 29.251.5 28.763.7 29.441.2 29.343.7 30.735.9 32.566.4 34.232.6 

Federal State Packaging waste 53.971.0 65.211.0 70.597.7 80.135.9 87.881.6 112.849.2 120.505.1 123.764.2 126.890.6 133.168.2 137.710.9 135.768.8 136.338.5 138.704.3 143.727.5 150.775.4 157.433.1 164.442.8 

Federal State Waste tires 235.6 255.5 378.1 548.6 390.1 996.4 478.5 434.4 568.2 701.4 582.6 448.4 

Federal State Waste tires (trucks) 0.9 14.5 56.6 42.8 238.4 44.0 30.2 19.3 23.8 15.9 

Federal State Waste tires, with rim 0.9 12.9 26.2 93.5 235.0 104.9 86.7 140.3 221.2 90.5 283.4 

Federal State Waste tires, with rim (trucks) 0.5 9.6 12.5 3.0 11.3 2.6 36.8 4.0 3.1 

Federal State Waste tires (tractor) 0.5 9.8 7.9 11.5 14.7 24.7 14.6 9.7 10.8 

Federal State Waste tires, with rim (tractor) 6.6 0.6 1.2 2.0 15.9 0.8 1.1 0.3 

Federal State Other waste types 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235.6 256.4 391.9 0.0 590.3 566.2 1.295.2 837.5 593.1 781.9 994.1 711.7 761.9 

Federal State Car batteries 350.7 514.1 565.8 584.3 610.2 685.2 779.9 698.2 725.9 652.3 593.2 581.1 532.1 

Federal State Waste mineral oils 340.1 439.2 468.4 482.1 531.4 566.5 809.2 556.1 548.1 550.9 546.0 670.0 699.6 

Federal State Waste medicinal products 76.4 99.7 95.2 92.7 93.6 100.2 105.4 97.7 97.2 95.6 95.1 117.0 97.4 

Federal State Small batteries 66.5 94.2 88.2 89.0 84.4 90.4 116.5 95.0 117.0 107.6 114.6 116.5 108.9 

Federal State Problematic substances - not specified 1.564.0 2.424.0 2.430.7 2.482.0 2.735.7 1.606.7 1.696.4 2.015.9 1.564.4 1.656.9 1.725.2 2.180.5 2.042.9 1.773.2 1.818.4 1.899.3 1.928.0 1.890.6 

Federal State Problematic substances 1.564.0 2.424.0 2.430.7 2.482.0 2.735.7 2.440.6 2.843.6 3.233.5 2.812.5 2.976.5 3.167.5 3.991.5 3.489.9 3.261.4 3.224.8 3.248.2 3.412.6 3.328.6 

Electrical and electronic equipment - small 

Federal State 

appliances 

7.4 30.4 67.2 99.8 137.9 229.1 209.2 336.2 355.8 457.4 909.7 1.360.5 1.623.6 

Large appliances, excluding refrigeration 

Federal State 

equipment 

12.9 20.2 81.5 100.0 88.2 188.8 99.2 271.5 1.690.7 1.836.5 

Federal State Gas discharge lamps (fluorescent lamps) 10.7 16.8 12.1 13.3 18.4 19.6 21.1 20.6 21.6 24.2 43.0 34.5 36.2 

Federal State Screen appliances, incl. cathode ray tubes 73.8 347.4 393.4 477.4 484.0 470.8 711.4 825.0 1.303.6 1.548.1 

Federal State Refrigeration equipment 10.5 160.0 561.1 580.7 564.4 604.9 615.7 683.0 991.9 1.620.2 1.492.7 

Federal State Waste electrical and electronic equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.1 57.8 92.2 346.9 1.085.0 1.304.3 1.372.1 1.533.9 1.652.7 1.975.2 3.041.1 6.009.5 6.537.1 

Federal State End-of-life vehicles (scrap vehicles) 1.269.9 2.230.2 2.898.0 1.974.6 2.305.1 2.078.3 2.407.9 2.393.7 2.655.2 2.077.5 1.982.2 1.805.6 1.004.2 

Federal State 

Waste - requirements based on Federal 

legislsation 

55.535.0 67.635.0 73.028.4 82.617.9 90.617.3 116.813.3 125.893.1 130.379.8 132.024.7 140.125.1 144.827.2 144.835.5 144.593.5 146.866.7 151.786.9 160.041.0 169.372.5 176.074.6 

Total waste volumes in Styria 311.179.0 331.088.0 317.710.0 312.300.5 335.834.4 357.272.7 379.941.0 408.252.5 413.593.7 432.758.2 454.209.5 463.373.0 473.152.5 454.347.3 502.111.9 500.709.7 565.563.4 546.718.7 

* not to be used according the amendment of the Waste Catalogue Ordinance, Federal Law Gazette II No. 89/2005, April 6 2005 

L:\_INFOBLÄTTER\50.01 Abfallwirtschaftskonzepte Stmk\50.01-04_LAWPL\Engllisch\appendices_ENGL.xls Landes-Abfallwirtschaftsplan 2005 - Fortschreibung 14.11.2008

www.abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

Publisher: 

Styrian Provincial Government 

Fachabteilung (Specialized Division) 19D 


Bürgergasse 5a, A-8010 Graz 

A-8010 Graz, Bürgergasse 5a 

Phone: (0316) 877 - 2153 

FAX: (0316) 877 - 2416 

E-Mail: fa19D@stmk.gv.at 

Chief: Hofrat Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Wilhelm Himmel 

www.abfallwirtschaft.steiermark.at 

www.nachhaltigkeit.steiermark.at 

www.win.steiermark.at 

www.gscheitfeiern.at

Provincial Waste Management Plan Styria - Abfallwirtschaft - Abfall ...

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