MHAP_Southampton_23_05

Anxiety /
Panic Attacks
Anxiety is a normal emotion that we all
experience, such as in the run up to exams or a
job interview. But when anxiety becomes much
more severe this feeling can take over and begin
to interfere with everyday life. Conditions under
the anxiety disorder umbrella include: social
anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic
disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),
phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).
For people with an anxiety disorder, feelings like
stress, panic and worry are longer lasting, more
extreme and far harder to control. Anxiety can
stop people living the life they want – whether that
means not being able to work, see friends or, in
the most severe cases, even leave the house.
As with many mental health conditions, the exact
cause of panic disorder isn’t fully understood.
But it’s thought the condition is probably linked
to a combination of things, including a traumatic
or very stressful life experience, such as
bereavement, having a close family member with
the disorder or an imbalance of neurotransmitters
(chemical messengers) in the brain.
Symptoms
Everyone experiences feelings of anxiety and
panic at certain times. It’s a natural response
to stressful or dangerous situations. But for
someone with panic disorder, feelings of anxiety,
stress, panic or fear occur regularly and at any
time, often for no apparent reason. You may start
to avoid certain situations because you fear that
they will trigger another attack. This can create a
cycle of living “in fear of fear”. It can add to your
sense of panic and may cause you to have more
attacks.
A panic attack is when your body experiences a
rush of intense mental and physical symptoms.
It can come on very quickly and for no apparent
reason and can be very frightening and
distressing. Symptoms may include a racing
heartbeat, feeling faint, sweating, nausea, chest
pain, shortness of breath, trembling, hot flushes,
chills, shaky limbs and, a choking sensation.
Most panic attacks last for between 5 and 20
minutes, but may last up to an hour. The number
of attacks you have will depend on how severe
your condition is, sometimes once or twice a
month, while others have them several times a
week. Although panic attacks are frightening,
they’re not dangerous. An attack won’t cause you
any physical harm, and it’s unlikely that you’ll be
admitted to hospital if you have one.
Treatments for
panic disorder
Panic disorder is treatable and you can make
a full recovery. If you’ve been experiencing
symptoms of panic disorder visit your GP. They’ll
ask you to describe your symptoms, how often
they occur and how long you’ve had them. They
may also carry out a physical examination to
rule out other conditions that could be causing
your symptoms. If you don’t get medical help,
panic disorder can escalate and become very
difficult to cope with. You’re more at risk of
developing other mental health conditions, such
as agoraphobia or other phobias, or an alcohol or
drug problem.
Treatment aims to reduce the number of panic
attacks you have and ease your symptoms, using
one or a combination of Psychological therapy
(based on cognitive behavioural therapy) and
medication. If your symptoms don’t improve after
CBT, medication and connecting with a support
group, your GP may refer you to a mental health
specialist such as a psychiatrist
or clinical psychologist.
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