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ENGLISH ISSUE BIOGAS JOURNAL | AUTUMN_2023 Biogas plant of the Nobels Co. Ltd. agricultural group in Urahoro. Separation of the fermented manure and storage of the solids on the biogas plant in Urahoro. Carsten Bussacker has been living in Japan for 16 years. For nine years now, he has been in charge of the installation and maintenance of biogas plants. results on the 600 hectares of the company’s own cultivated land for fodder maize. Standing in front of the hall with the steaming digestate, Yasuhiro Nishio explains another advantage. Before the digestate is spread on the fields, it is shuttled between the barns as bedding and, enriched with manure once again, returns to the biogas plant’s digester. It is only applied to the fields when there is too much of it. “This saves us a lot of money on straw as bedding.” Given the sum of these advantages, the question arises as to why biogas, with a mere installed capacity of 85 megawatts, plays such a subordinate role in the Japanese energy mix. There are also no plans to use biomethane as a replacement for fossil fuels. Still, the highly developed industrial nation continues to rely on gas, coal, and petroleum for two-thirds of its energy needs. Despite all the pleas to conserve energy after Fukushima, average Japanese use a third more electrical energy than Europeans. A stroll through the world-famous Shinjuku district of Tokyo, known for its oversized neon signs, or simply visiting a private or public standard toilet with heated seats, automatic flushing and bottom dryer highlights the reasons for that. 20 Percent of Renewable Milestone Achieved with Solar Energy and Hydropower After the devastating earthquake and reactor disaster in Fukushima in 2011, the Japanese government, in its 5th Energy Supply Plan from 2015, decided on a share of renewable energies of 22 to 24 percent in the electricity supply. Before Fukushima, only 10 percent was intended. The proportion of one fifth of renewable energy has been achieved. Most of it comes from solar energy and hydropower. Only a mere of 2.7 percent comes from biogas. Biogas has a share of only 1.5 percent of energy from biomass. As a reaction to international pressure, Japan has improved its climate targets and among other things, has submitted a 6th Energy Supply plan. First, the bad news: Contrary to previous promises, nuclear energy is once again allocated a one-fifth share in the energy mix. And the good news is: The share of renewables will increase to 36 to 38 percent by 2030. Hydrogen will play an important part in that. And with 3.7 to 4.6 percent by 2030, biomass is expected to gain importance, serving as an economic driver in rural regions. Biogas will benefit from this. The biogas share of currently 85 megawatts can also be seen as a positive trend, as it represents a significant increase compared to seven megawatts in 2012. The authors of the ECOS Institute study mentioned at the 50
BIOGAS JOURNAL | AUTUMN_2023 ENGLISH ISSUE Yasuhiro Nishio, the operations manager of the biogas plant at Nobels Co. Ltd. in Urahoro, which was constructed by the German company Weltec Biopower. The biogas plant of the waste disposal company Dispo Co. Ltd. Dispo disposes of industrial waste in Obihito and the surrounding communities. To process the organic waste, the company put a biogas plant with a capacity of 150 kW of Tsuchiya Dairy Equipment & Systems into operation in 2017. Arita Hirotaka, the operations manager of the Dispo Co.Ltd. biogas plant. beginning of this article therefore expect strong growth in the biogas market before the end of this decade. Only 10% of Generated Agricultural Waste Utilized for Biogas They see a potential of 1.65 gigawatts of electrical power in the utilization of livestock excrements. Due to the limited availability of arable land in the country, the use of energy crops is not being considered. However, only 10 percent are currently energetically utilized from manure and slurry. Experts also see significant potential in using industrial food waste as a substrate. In the realm of bioenergy, organic municipal waste has remained untapped until now due to its separation into combustible and non-combustible components. Japan produces 6.5 million tons of food waste per year. Most of it is composted or processed into fodder. However, 42 biogas plants in the country are actively utilizing in- PHANTOM HEAVYDUTY MIXERS EFFICIENT | RELIABLE | THRUST PTM GmbH Zörbiger Straße 7 06188 Landsberg +49 34602 | 406960 info@propeller-technik-maier.de 51 www.propeller-technik-maier.de
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