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Grayson rightfully concluded that “even though stories such as these were well known in
the early 19 th century among students of folklore and mythology, by the end of the
century virtually all knowledge of Korea and its religions had disappeared from Western
books […] with one exception to this trend: the two-volume work by Père Charles Dallet
(1829-1878), Histoire de l’Eglise de Corée (1874).”
In part A of its appendices, Grayson’s Korea A Religious History lists the foundation myths of
the ancient states drawn entirely from Samguk yusa and translated by its author in English
“… as close as possible to the words of the original text.” The Myth of Tan’gun is
followed by The Foundation Myth of the State of Northern Puyo; The Foundation Myth
of Eastern Puyo; The Foundation Myth of Koguryo; The Myth of Pak Hyokkose,
Progenitor of Silla; The Myth of Sok T’arhae, Sok clan Progenitor.
From my analysis of those tribal and clans’ myths, I could conclude as follows.
All clans and states were purposely and artificially rooted in civilization through a myth
or legend describing the birth or arrival of their founder who was always of a divine
origin. For instance, Tan’gun is the offspring of Hwanung, son of the Lord of Heaven,
and a Bear woman. Others characters are born from eggs, following the African model of
Wsir (Osiris). Despite their shamanistic characteristics (i.e. birds and other ornithological
motifs such as totemic animals), the tribal myths of the peninsula are of African origin 3 .
They owe their features to the civilization of these ancient Black realms destroyed by the
Han and other peoples later named “Chinese”. Those states were located in the northern
and western parts of the territory which would be used to forge China’s history and
presented as the geography of the Northern and Southern Dynasties’ kingdoms (420-
589). Grayson wrote that “Pak Hyokkose derived his surname Pak (gourd) from the egg or
gourd from which he was born.” This is, without any doubt, a clear reference to Wsir
(Osiris) as described in all Black peoples’ scientific myths and by ancient Greek scholars
who studied in Africa.
While strongly related to the African myth of Wsir (Osiris), these tribal legends from their
storytelling and structure were consciously composed so as to chronologically and
religiously organize a hierarchical order between those ancient states and clans.
Consequently, by the wish of the divinity alone, Koguryo kingdom founded by Ko
Chumong appears superior to the Northern and Eastern Puyo kingdoms. By referring to
Hyokkose (progenitor of Silla) the myth of Kim Alchi (Kyongju Kim clan progenitor)
indicates submission of its clan to the Yi, Chong, Son, Ch’oe, Pae and Sol clans which
progenitor is Hyokkose of Silla.
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