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experience, they were decisive in the armed forces and the institutional bodies of those
states in their early socio-political evolutionary process.
For example, the Nihon shoki in 610 (Suiko, 18) relates the arrival in Yamato of the Kemit
Dancho (579-631), master of weapons and well versed in the Confucian Five Classics,
sent by the king of Koguryo, Yongyang (590-616). He would develop methods of making
paper, colors, ink or cereal grinding machines, and would play a significant role in the
emergence of the civilization of Asuka.
In general, after a century of hesitation and internal political strifes between pro and anti-
Kemits, the adoption of deep social and state reforms crowned social acceptance of a
much more egalitarian foreign values. Slavery was abolished or at least marginalized, the
elective system generalized, and fundamental human rights established gradually. Access
to this education and new knowledge for the benefit of the greatest number of people was
encouraged and organized in monumental “temples”, or “Halls of Life”. This teaching in
conjunction with spirituality was structured along the lines of “Kushite standards” (Kush
kingdom was located in today’s Sudan): comprehensive and long-term studies in temples
of studies, for the benefit of all social strata, in order to acquire the crucial basics of
knowledge: social or interpersonal skills, manners, and savoir-faire or expertise.
These towering temples were centerpieces of this kind of civilization. They were the
privileged places for the transmission of knowledge and its development. They also
amassed heavy long-term investments from the kingdom. Constructed and managed by
the Kemits, they were placed under the patronage of the Yamato imperial family,
Paekche and Koguryo royal families, whose members come regularly to spend long hours
of astonishment and satisfaction in contact with students and researchers. Many
princesses, princes and rulers of Paekche, Yamato, Koguryo, and even Shilla are wellknown
to have abandoned their royal or imperial status to undertake research in the
temples of studies.
Revolutionary by its nature and scope, its extent and spiritual framework valuing each
other’s humanity, this cultural paradigm shift quickly paid off. I do evaluate these
reforms to be already effective in the middle of the reign of King Goi (234-286) of
Paekche around 250, and at any rate before the end of 290 and the following reign.
At the heart of an efficient economic system and a prosperous nation operates a system
for the transmission of knowledge and information in the language of the country, with an
effective system of writing. Assisted by its Kemit grammarian and logician scholars —
they possessed a fount of knowledge and mastered phonetics by this habit, for instance,
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