tumor in the light of the revised SIOP-01 classification
tumor in the light of the revised SIOP-01 classification
tumor in the light of the revised SIOP-01 classification
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
92<br />
<strong>in</strong> Figure 5 <strong>in</strong>dicate that comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> BN-PAGE and <strong>in</strong>-<br />
-gel activity assay can be successfully applied for detection<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual respiratory cha<strong>in</strong> complex activity deficiencies<br />
(<strong>in</strong> this case complex IV). As it is presented, only 10 μg <strong>of</strong><br />
mitochondria isolated from <strong>the</strong> skeletal muscle biopsy is sufficient<br />
to measure activity <strong>of</strong> complex IV us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>-gel assay.<br />
Fig. 5 In gel activity assay for <strong>the</strong> evaluation <strong>of</strong> complex IV activity <strong>in</strong><br />
skeletal muscle mitochondria from healthy volunteer and patient with <strong>the</strong><br />
COX deficiency<br />
Perspectives<br />
A great advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ed method <strong>of</strong> BN-PAGE and<br />
<strong>in</strong>-gel activity assay is that relatively small quantities <strong>of</strong> tissue<br />
are required for evaluat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> amount and <strong>the</strong> activity<br />
Bibliography<br />
1. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive<br />
method for <strong>the</strong> quantitation <strong>of</strong> microgram<br />
quantities <strong>of</strong> prote<strong>in</strong> utiliz<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciple <strong>of</strong> prote<strong>in</strong>-dye b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Anal. Biochemistry 72: 248–254<br />
2. Van Coster R, Smet J, George E, De<br />
Meirleir L, Seneca S, Van Hove J, Sebire<br />
G, Verhelst H, De Bleecker J, Van<br />
Vlem B, Verloo P and Leroy J (20<strong>01</strong>)<br />
Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis:<br />
a powerful tool <strong>in</strong> diagnosis <strong>of</strong><br />
oxidative phosphorylation defects. Pediatr<br />
Res. 50: 658–65<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mitochondrial respiratory cha<strong>in</strong> complexes. Only<br />
30 mg <strong>of</strong> heart muscle, 50 mg <strong>of</strong> skeletal muscle is needed<br />
to isolate mitochondria and to perform BN electrophoresis<br />
and <strong>in</strong>-gel activity assay [2]. Comparison <strong>of</strong> different methods<br />
for isolation and separation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> respiratory cha<strong>in</strong><br />
complexes shows that <strong>the</strong> resolution <strong>of</strong> BN-PAGE is higher<br />
than o<strong>the</strong>r methods such as Superose 6 gel filtration or sucrose-gradient<br />
ultracentrifugation.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mtDNA mutations are heteroplasmic, so<br />
<strong>the</strong> correspond<strong>in</strong>g catalytic activities <strong>of</strong> respiratory cha<strong>in</strong><br />
complexes may vary significantly from cell to cell. Therefore,<br />
to make a correct diagnosis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deficiency <strong>of</strong> respiratory<br />
cha<strong>in</strong> complexes, o<strong>the</strong>r methods, as histochemical colorimetric<br />
reactions (directly applied to <strong>the</strong> tissues and allow<strong>in</strong>g<br />
evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> OXPHOS catalytic activity <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>dividual cells) and spectrophotometric technique (allow<strong>in</strong>g<br />
to measure OXPHOS activity <strong>in</strong> crude homogenates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
tissue) should be used simultaneously with BN-PAGE.<br />
Acknowledgment<br />
3. Klement P, Nijtmans LGJ, Van den Bogert<br />
C and Houstek J (1995) Analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
oxidative Phosphorylation complexes<br />
<strong>in</strong> cultured human fibroblasts and am<strong>in</strong>ocytes<br />
by Blue-Native-Electrophoresis<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g mitoplasts isolated with <strong>the</strong> help<br />
<strong>of</strong> digiton<strong>in</strong>. Anal. Biochemistry 231:<br />
218–224<br />
Research was supported by Internal Project <strong>of</strong> The Children’s<br />
Memorial Health Institute Nr 158/06 (pr<strong>in</strong>cipal <strong>in</strong>vestigator<br />
– doc. B. Cukrowska), Internal Project <strong>of</strong> The<br />
Children’s Memorial Health Institute Nr 161/06 (pr<strong>in</strong>cipal<br />
<strong>in</strong>vestigator – doc. M. Pronicki) and Grant Nr PB<br />
0890/PO5/2005/29 (pr<strong>in</strong>cipal <strong>in</strong>vestigator – pr<strong>of</strong>. E. Pronicka).<br />
4. Schägger H and von Jagow G (1991)<br />
Blue native electrophoresis for isolation<br />
<strong>of</strong> membrane prote<strong>in</strong> complexes <strong>in</strong> enzymatically<br />
active form. Anal. Biochem<br />
199: 223–231<br />
5. Wittig I, Braun H-P and Schägger H<br />
(2006) Blue native PAGE. Nature Protocols<br />
1: 418–428