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Desertification vulnerability in Morocco Rachid Ilmen; High Commissary of Water, Forests, and Combating Desertification; Morocco; ilmenrachid@gmail.com 36 Moroccan natural resources have only a slight resistance to desertification. More than 93% of the country is arid and semi-arid. Drought is frequent and severe. Soils are mainly not very developed, shallow (
37 sustainable use of wildlife. The latter has become of great interest globally and efforts to adopt this concept in Australia warrants detailed examination. The consumptive use of kangaroos has been suggested to provide incentive to grazers to conserve biodiversity and to reduce dependence on livestock. Since 1991, the commercial harvest of between 1.9 and 3.5 million kangaroos per year has provided pet meat, meat for human consumption, and skins for leather goods. We review the capacity of this use of kangaroos to facilitate rangeland restoration by considering some key ecological relationships, market conditions, and conservation benefits that would underpin the utility of this approach in Australia. Overview of Jordan biodiversity and ecosystem services Adnan Budieri, Friends of the Earth Middle East; adnan@foeme.org Jordan has four distinctive biogeographic zones: Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, Afro-subtropical and Arabo- Saharan. These biogeographic zones are divided into main ecosystems and habitats: Mountainous, Forest, Wetlands, Deserts and Marine. Distinctive habitats and ecosystems in Jordan are the Hamada and Harrah deserts, Jordan Valley (including Jordan River and Wadi Araba), Dead Sea and the Red Sea. Such ecosystems offer valuable services to both wildlife and human populations, as well as contributing much to the national and local economies in the fields of medicine, agro products, fisheries, building materials, aesthetic, cultural and tourism values and others. To date it is estimated that Jordan is home to more than 2,500 plant species, 4-5 amphibians, 90 reptilian species, 520 avifauna, 90 mammals, 28 fresh water and 1000 marine fish. Jordan is also on one of the most important internationally recognized bird flyways. More than 500 million migratory birds benefit from the unique habitats offered by Jordan’s Aqaba-Rift Valley as they embark upon their annual migration from Europe to Africa and vice versa. Jordan’s first foray into the world of nature conservation came in 1922 with the country’s first forestry laws, followed by wildlife regulations in the 1950s and the establishment of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature in 1966. To date 12 natural reserves have been declared and six established, while 28 wetland sites have been proposed with only one official Ramsar site, the Azraq wetland reserve, and about 29 Important Bird Areas declared and recognized internationally. Jordan’s Biodiversity country study and strategy were finalized in 1997 and 2001 respectively. Jordan has signed and ratified a number of environmental conventions and treaties, such as the Biodiversity, UNCCD, UNCCC, and Bonn, Ramsar and CITEIS conventions and the AEWA agreement on migratory species. Despite this positive action, inadequate awareness programs, lax law enforcement and a weak regulatory environment have lead to the degradation of a number of Jordan’s unique ecosystems. The country’s oak and pine forests, the Dead Sea, and areas including Hamada, Harrah and the Jordan River have been seriously affected, with their unique natural values coming under threat and their biodiversity impacted. As such, species including the Brown Fish Owl, Syrian Brown Bear, Roe Deer, Mountain Gazelle, Leopard, Cheetah, Ostrich and Squirrel have been all but wiped out in this region. Such loss of biodiversity and the natural and aesthetic values of ecosystems represent not only a blight on the country’s environmental record, but also a lost opportunity for potential local income generation and the social welfare that accompanies it. With eco- and sustainable tourism now widely recognized as a good source of income for governments and local communities, Jordan is joining the global movement towards the creation and promotion of such enterprises. To sustainably benefit most from the ecosystems and natural resources services the following action is recommended: 1. The improvement of laws, regulations and policy to ensure the sustainable maintenance and management of habitats that are of global importance for biodiversity and ecology. 2. The development and national and international promotion of certain Jordanian sites as ecological corridors for wildlife, bird watching and ecotourism sites. 3. The enhancement of environmental education as a tool for increasing the environmental awareness of the locals and visitors. 4. The enhancement of scientific monitoring and research of ecologically important sites in Jordan and the region at large.
Page 1 and 2: Editors 1 Book of Abstracts The 4th
Page 3 and 4: Time/ Location Evens Auditorium 8:0
Page 5 and 6: 5 Wednesday, 14 November- Tentative
Page 7 and 8: 7 Table of Contents OPENING STATEME
Page 9 and 10: 9 Elimination of predators is a suf
Page 11 and 12: 11 The impact of detailed land-cove
Page 13 and 14: Opening Statement Israel, Desertifi
Page 15 and 16: 15 monitoring, which records “the
Page 17 and 18: 17 who depend on it, a threat to th
Page 19 and 20: 19 The focus of this project is to
Page 21 and 22: 21 which these funds are affecting
Page 23 and 24: 23 In addition to collection and tr
Page 25 and 26: 25 canopy were conducted at ground
Page 27 and 28: 27 Whereas the soil water mass bala
Page 29 and 30: Saline Aquaponics: Perspectives for
Page 31 and 32: 2 Crop Production Systems in the Tr
Page 33 and 34: 33 and its landscape. Finally, the
Page 35: Critical transitions due to interac
Page 39 and 40: 39 below their respective national
Page 41 and 42: 41 The results derived from the exp
Page 43 and 44: Turning a green leaf towards sustai
Page 45 and 46: 45 Man first appeared as an importa
Page 47 and 48: 47 Typically, four simultaneous pro
Page 49 and 50: 49 Water plan for the Rehabilitatio
Page 51 and 52: 51 occurs, as well as grazing of he
Page 53 and 54: 53 management conditions. In the hi
Page 55 and 56: of treated grey water for irrigatio
Page 57 and 58: 57 Geographical indications, employ
Page 59 and 60: 59 This study provides evidence for
Page 61 and 62: Nomadic People in Desert Regions: R
Page 63 and 64: 63 resources, among those who are p
Page 65 and 66: 65 in the same community, and in th
Page 67 and 68: Achieving ZNLD through people power
Page 69 and 70: national monitoring capacities - wh
Page 71 and 72: 71 Conclusion: Evidence indicates t
Page 73 and 74: 73 means of getting tangible result
Page 75 and 76: Assessment of afforestation managem
Page 77 and 78: 77 and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plu
Page 79 and 80: 79 the RMSE observed in the model o
Page 81 and 82: Using two complementary long-term r
Page 83 and 84: 83 primarily from the AVHRR and MOD
Page 85 and 86: 85 This presentation will discuss t
Page 87 and 88:
it is degradation and not woody enc
Page 89 and 90:
89 great number of research works c
Page 91 and 92:
91 The aim of this paper is firstly
Page 93 and 94:
emind us that in similar future sce
Page 95 and 96:
Studies of Biological and Structura
Page 97 and 98:
97 biome, but is characterized by a
Page 99 and 100:
99 desalination, alternative conser
Page 101 and 102:
101 West Africa faces rapid populat
Page 103 and 104:
103 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Ent
Page 105 and 106:
Out of 18 lakes of the first catego
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