Compilation of 13 factsheets on key sustainable sanitation ... - SSWM

Key messages <strong>of</strong> each factsheet are provided below:
Factsheet <strong>of</strong> WG 1 on "Capacity development for sustainable
sanitation" provides an overview on basic principles
<strong>of</strong> capacity development and addresses current challenges
and gaps in capacity development for sustainable
sanitation, as well as possible strategies and instruments to
address those. Furthermore it contains a list <strong>of</strong> examples and
contact details <strong>of</strong> capacity development initiatives from the
sector. The key messages are:
✬ Capacity development for sustainable sanitation requires
cross-sectoral cooperation with individuals and within
organisations from health, infrastructure, water, environment,
agriculture, education, economic development etc.
✬ It considers the complexity <strong>of</strong> sanitation systems and
takes place along the sanitation chain, considering all
technical, fi nancial, social and institutional aspects.
✬ It includes a variety <strong>of</strong> methods: education, pr<strong>of</strong>essional
training, support for documentation <strong>of</strong> appropriate local
infrastructure and sharing knowledge in print, online and
multi-media.
Factsheet <strong>of</strong> WG 2 on "Financial and economic analysis"
introduces concepts <strong>of</strong> costs and economics in connection
with sustainable sanitation, and describes the application <strong>of</strong>
and differences between fi nancial and economic analyses. It
provides an overview <strong>of</strong> analytical approaches for comparing
sanitation interventions, and illustrates these approaches
using evidence from existing studies. The main focus is to
provide a basis for fi nancial decisions concerning the scaling
up <strong>of</strong> sanitation services. The data generated by fi nancial and
economic analyses have major implications for the programming
and design <strong>of</strong> sanitation projects.
Factsheet <strong>of</strong> WG 3 on "Links between sanitation, climate
change and renewable energies" argues that sustainable
sanitation projects can contribute to both climate change mitigation
(through energy or nutrient recovery) and to climate
change adaptation (through innovative sanitation systems
and wastewater management). Measures for renewable
energy production consist <strong>of</strong> either biogas production from
wastewater or biomass production through the use <strong>of</strong> wastewater
to grow short rotation plantations for fi rewood. Measures
<strong>of</strong> nutrient recovery are primarily based on nitrogen
reuse. Adaptation measures in the area <strong>of</strong> sanitation aim at
coping with increasing water scarcity or fl ooding.
10 – Executive summary
Factsheet <strong>of</strong> WG 4 on "Sanitation systems and technology
options" highlights the fact that with so many innovations
and existing technologies for different settings, diffi culties
with knowledge dissemination hinder informed decision
making and the integration <strong>of</strong> all sanitation elements with
each other and the water and nutrient cycle. This factsheet
makes a plea for a sanitation system approach where technologies
are categorised based on their "product-process"
characteristics and then linked into logical systems using a
"fl owstream" concept. This method for organising and defi ning
sanitation systems helps facilitate informed decision
making and consideration <strong>of</strong> an integrated approach. By
using the sanitation system and its technology confi gurations
other aspects can be further highlighted such as the inherent
implications for operation and management, business and
management models, service and supply chains, possible
involved stakeholders, and fi nally the associated health risks
by exposure <strong>of</strong> different groups <strong>of</strong> people to waste products.
Factsheet <strong>of</strong> WG 5 on "Productive sanitation and the link
to food security" provides information on the link between
sanitation and agriculture as well as related implications on
health, economy and the environment. It shows examples <strong>of</strong>
treating and using treated excreta and wastewater in food production
and describes the potential for urban agriculture and
resource recovery in rural areas thereby contributing to food
security and helping to reduce malnutrition. Institutional and
legal aspects, business opportunities and how to manage
associated health risks are also discussed. Productive sanitation
is the term used for the variety <strong>of</strong> sanitation systems that
make productive use <strong>of</strong> the nutrient, organic matter, water
ansedd energy content <strong>of</strong> human excreta and wastewater in
agricultural production and aquaculture. The implementation
and scaling-up <strong>of</strong> productive sanitation systems is inhibited by
weak, non-existing and sometimes prohibiting legislation. It is
therefore necessary to develop relevant legislation along the
sanitation chain taking into consideration the type <strong>of</strong> crops,
occupational health, food hygiene and other preventive and
risk management measures.
Factsheet <strong>of</strong> WG 6 on "Planning <strong>of</strong> sustainable sanitation
for cities" deals with the planning <strong>of</strong> sustainable sanitation
for urban and peri-urban areas to achieve comprehensive
and inclusive sanitation coverage in cities. It
elaborates on the shortcomings <strong>of</strong> supply-driven planning
and presents three demand-led approaches which recog-