partner <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 4 – Preface and acknowledgements Preface and acknowledgements This factsheet book is a compilati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>13</str<strong>on</strong>g> thematic <str<strong>on</strong>g>factsheets</str<strong>on</strong>g> which were produced by the eleven SuSanA working groups. What makes these <str<strong>on</strong>g>factsheets</str<strong>on</strong>g> special is that they are multi-authored by people from different organisati<strong>on</strong>s and by free-lance c<strong>on</strong>sultants. The <str<strong>on</strong>g>factsheets</str<strong>on</strong>g> were developed in a l<strong>on</strong>g process involving many discussi<strong>on</strong>s and review loops which were mostly carried out in public, e.g. at working group meetings, with the working group mailing lists or, since July 2011, also in the open SuSanA discussi<strong>on</strong> forum. http://forum.susana.org/forum/categories/6-susana-working-groups The SuSanA working groups were established in 2007 in order to cover a variety <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> different thematic aspects <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> sanitati<strong>on</strong> and to increase the understanding and knowledge exchange about these aspects. They are a platform for experts and interested individuals to share and exchange their knowledge <strong>on</strong> specifi c aspects <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> sanitati<strong>on</strong>. We invite you to join the pool <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> experts and c<strong>on</strong>tribute to the discussi<strong>on</strong>s by joining some <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the SuSanA working groups. www.susana.org/working-groups We thank all the authors and c<strong>on</strong>tributors to these <str<strong>on</strong>g>factsheets</str<strong>on</strong>g> who have <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ten volunteered their own private time, outside <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> their normal work commitments, to work <strong>on</strong> this. Their names are given <strong>on</strong> the following pages. I also wish to thank my team at the SuSanA secretariat – which is hosted by GIZ in Germany – who were part <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> this factsheet compilati<strong>on</strong> process since July 2011 and who have helped to raise the quality <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the <str<strong>on</strong>g>factsheets</str<strong>on</strong>g> to a c<strong>on</strong>sistently high standard, in terms <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>tent as well as layout: Enno Schröder, Martina Winker, Philipp Feiereisen, Christian Rieck, Doreen Mbalo and Bismark Yeboah. Special thanks are due to Le<strong>on</strong>ie Kappauf and Rahul Ingle from my team who worked <strong>on</strong> numerous <str<strong>on</strong>g>factsheets</str<strong>on</strong>g> and the layout, as well as to Trevor Surridge who pro<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>-read the entire compilati<strong>on</strong> and gave detailed critical feedback <strong>on</strong> each factsheet. We are also grateful to Sunder Subramanian, a SuSanA member from India, for writing the fi rst versi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the executive summary. If you spot any errors or omissi<strong>on</strong>s in this factsheet book please e-mail us at susana@giz.de. The individual <str<strong>on</strong>g>factsheets</str<strong>on</strong>g> and this book are available <strong>on</strong> the SuSanA website. www.susana.org/library Dr. Elisabeth v<strong>on</strong> Münch On behalf <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the SuSanA secretariat Located at GIZ, Eschborn, Germany Eschborn, April 2012
Table <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>tents List <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>tributors Executive summary Factsheet titles and authors: WG 1: Capacity development Capacity development for <strong>sustainable</strong> sanitati<strong>on</strong> Spuhler, D., McCreary, C., Fogde, M., Jenssen, P. WG 2: Finance and ec<strong>on</strong>omics Financial and ec<strong>on</strong>omic analysis Parkins<strong>on</strong>, J., Hutt<strong>on</strong>, G., Pfeiffer, V., Blume, S., Feiereisen, P. WG 3: Renewable energies and climate change Links between sanitati<strong>on</strong>, climate change and renewable energies Ingle, R., Olt, C., Sundberg, C., Wendland, C., Reuter, S., Jurga, I. WG 4: Sanitati<strong>on</strong> systems, technology opti<strong>on</strong>s, hygiene and health Sanitati<strong>on</strong> systems and technology opti<strong>on</strong>s Zurbrügg, C., Panesar, A., Rüd, S. WG 5: Food security and productive sanitati<strong>on</strong> systems Productive sanitati<strong>on</strong> and the link to food security Gensch, R., Dagerskog, L., Winker, M., van Veenhuizen, R., Drechsel, P. WG 6: Cities and planning Planning <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>sustainable</strong> sanitati<strong>on</strong> for cities Lüthi, C., Lehn, H., Norström, A., Panesar, A., Rüd, S., Saywell, D., Verhagen, J., Ulrich, L., Ingle, R. <strong>sustainable</strong> sanitati<strong>on</strong> for a better life WG 7: Community, rural and schools (with gender and social aspects) 7a: Sustainable sanitati<strong>on</strong> for schools Abraham, B., Fogde, M., v<strong>on</strong> Münch, E., Wendland, C. 7b: Integrating a gender perspective in <strong>sustainable</strong> sanitati<strong>on</strong> Wendland, C., Dankelman, I., Ruben, C., Kunze, I., Sommer, M., Mbalo, D. WG 8: Emergency and rec<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> situati<strong>on</strong>s Sustainable sanitati<strong>on</strong> for emergencies and rec<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> situati<strong>on</strong>s Johannessen, A., Patinet, J., Carter, W., Lamb, J. WG 9: Sanitati<strong>on</strong> as a business and public awareness 9a: Sanitati<strong>on</strong> as a business Gröber, K., Crosweller, D., Schröder, E., Kappauf, L., Surridge, T., Panchal-Segtnan, A., Zurbrügg, C. 9b: Public awareness raising and sanitati<strong>on</strong> marketing Gröber, K., McCreary, C., Panzerbieter, T., Rück, J., Kappauf, L. WG 10: Operati<strong>on</strong> and maintenance Operati<strong>on</strong> and maintenance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>sustainable</strong> sanitati<strong>on</strong> systems Müllegger, E., Freiberger, F., McC<strong>on</strong>ville, J., Samwel, M., Rieck, C., Scott, P., Langergraber, G. WG 11: Groundwater Protecti<strong>on</strong> Sustainable sanitati<strong>on</strong> and groundwater protecti<strong>on</strong> Nick, A., Foppen, J. W., Kulabako, R., Lo, D., Samwel, M., Wagner, F., Wolf, L. Table <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>tents – 5
- Page 1 and 2: groundwater community & rural & sch
- Page 3: Foreword sustainable sanitation for
- Page 7 and 8: WG 9a: Sanitation as a business Jü
- Page 9 and 10: User interface (toilet) Emergencies
- Page 11 and 12: nise that stakeholder involvement i
- Page 13 and 14: 1 Summary This factsheet provides a
- Page 15 and 16: • Attention along the entire sani
- Page 17 and 18: Netherlands Development Organizatio
- Page 19 and 20: Other Online Resources: • www.giz
- Page 21 and 22: 1 Summary This factsheet introduces
- Page 23 and 24: household and shared toilet facilit
- Page 25 and 26: 4 Economic analysis: elements and i
- Page 27 and 28: financial benefits to estimate the
- Page 29 and 30: 1 Summary Sustainable sanitation pr
- Page 31 and 32: egion and season wastewater tempera
- Page 33 and 34: • organic waste from households o
- Page 35 and 36: Besides the above-mentioned benefit
- Page 37 and 38: 1 Summary To address the great sani
- Page 39 and 40: Sanitation systems can be distingui
- Page 41 and 42: Certain innovations of</str
- Page 43 and 44: 1 Summary This factsheet provides i
- Page 46 and 47: centralised composting plants. Pre-
- Page 48 and 49: organic farming, which does not all
- Page 50 and 51: Development, www.acts.or.ke/dmdocum
- Page 52 and 53: The daunting task of</stron
- Page 54 and 55:
• The technical, planning and pro
- Page 56 and 57:
interests or “drivers” at each
- Page 58 and 59:
Netherlands, www.susana.org/lang-en
- Page 60 and 61:
• Insufficient or non-existing bu
- Page 62 and 63:
Adolescent girls are affected and d
- Page 64 and 65:
Conditions for successfully plannin
- Page 66 and 67:
sustainable sanitation - Factsheet
- Page 68 and 69:
participatory approach is closely r
- Page 70 and 71:
7 Special needs of
- Page 72 and 73:
Box 2: The Global WASH campaign: le
- Page 74 and 75:
Netherlands, www.susana.org/lang-en
- Page 76 and 77:
towards more sustainable solutions
- Page 78 and 79:
5 Consideration to groups with spec
- Page 80 and 81:
Table 1: Simplified overview <stron
- Page 82 and 83:
Delepière, A. (2011). Household UD
- Page 84 and 85:
Prahalad (2005) analysed the spendi
- Page 86 and 87:
also work in the micro-enterprises
- Page 88 and 89:
The superstructure of</stro
- Page 90 and 91:
East Asia and the Pacific (WSP-EAP)
- Page 92 and 93:
well as messages spread by Twitter
- Page 94 and 95:
also includes consideration <strong
- Page 96 and 97:
The WSP handwashing project in Peru
- Page 98 and 99:
Gröber, K., Crosweller, D., Schrö
- Page 100 and 101:
can be implemented faster and with
- Page 102 and 103:
A detailed description of</
- Page 104 and 105:
One of the main re
- Page 106 and 107:
Muchiri, E., Mutua, B., Müllegger,
- Page 108 and 109:
groundwater systems (i.e. 58% <stro
- Page 110 and 111:
a) Pollution due to nitrogen compou
- Page 112 and 113:
Protocol” (DWA, 2003) which is a
- Page 114:
er/wasser_braucht_schutzgebiete/ind