Human Factors Guidelines for Interactive 3D and Games-Based ...

surgical facilities, including foot-operated equipment. The surgeon can also request additional
manipulative support from other team members. The simulation solution for this application (MIST)
was also described earlier.
Figure 41: Examples of medium coupling – Minigun operator, helicopter voice
marshal and “keyhole” Surgeon.
Source: Author’s Image Archive
Figure 42: Helicopter voice marshalling VR solution – simulator station (left);
view from virtual cabin (right).
Source: Author’s Image Archive
In Figure 43, the Officer of the Watch (left image), whilst constrained by his “enclosure”, has full
freedom of movement around the bridge and only engages with certain items of equipment and
stations (binoculars, poloris, intercom, chart table, radar screen, etc.) for short time periods. The
simulation solution for this application – developed to record Officer of the Watch performance, as
opposed to train or select – was based on an abstracted part-task VE. This integrated on a single
screen a series of subtasks designed to record a range of perceptual-motor and cognitive features,
including tracking, threat detection, reaction time, prediction/anticipation, short-term memory and
performance on secondary alphanumeric questions (Figure 43, right image). The Army route
search team members (Figure 43, middle image) are loosely coupled to their task of searching for
signs of explosive ordnance placement, although they will be provided with specialist detection
equipment and will adopt pre-planned search procedures, based on the context in which they have
been deployed. The simulation solution for this application was also described earlier.
Figure 43: Examples of loose coupling – bridge officers and EOD route search personnel. The righthand
image is a screen grab from the HFI DTC bridge officer performance capture tool.
Source: Author’s Image Archive and DEMSS Image Database
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