Manual for Diagnosis of Screw-worm Fly - xcs consulting

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2.4 Larval development 7 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia When the eggs hatch, the first-instar larvae move from the oviposition site to the nearby wound where they aggregate and initially feed superficially on the wound fluids. The first instar occupies 24 hours after which the larvae moult into the second instar and burrow more deeply into the tissues of the host, with their heads buried in the wound and only the posterior segment with its spiracles (the external openings to the respiratory system) exposed (Plates 2, 3, Figs 6, 7). After a further 24 hours, the larvae moult into the final third instar during which most of the larval growth takes place (Fig. 8). From the second day, quantities of sero-sanguinous exudate (Plate 2, 3) are produced as a result of the feeding habits of the larvae which use their mouth hooks (Fig. 12) to tear at the host tissue and rupture the blood capillaries. The larvae continue their aggregative behaviour throughout larval development, often forming pulsating masses of hundreds or thousands tightly packed in the wound they have progressively enlarged (Plate 3). Figure 6: SWF-infested wound with second and third instar larvae of Chrysomya bezziana. When mature, the full-fed larvae wriggle from the wound and drop to the ground (Plate 1). Most larval exodus from hosts (89 per cent) occurs during the hours of darkness over a two day period with predominantly females 6 days and males 7 days after egg hatch (Spradbery et al. 1983b). Larvae falling to the ground during the night are not exposed to solar radiation and with surface soil temperatures comparatively low, their survival is enhanced compared with those experiencing conditions encountered during daylight hours in tropical climates. The larvae burrow 2-3 cm into the soil, turn around in the burrow they have created and prepare to pupate head uppermost.
A Manual for the Diagnosis of Screw-Worm Fly Figure 7: Detail of Chrysomya bezziana third instar larvae in wound. Note paired spiracles (black spots) on posterior segment of larvae. Figure 8: Mature third instar larvae of Chrysomya bezziana (length about 15mm). 8
Page 1 and 2: A Manual for the Diagnosis of J.P.
Page 3 and 4: © Commonwealth of Australia 2002 R
Page 5 and 6: A Manual for the Diagnosis of Screw
Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction Agriculture, Fisher
Page 10 and 11: The predicted distribution of C. be
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4: Life cycle of the Old Wor
Page 16 and 17: 2.5 Pupariation Within 24 hours (at
Page 18 and 19: The egg of C. bezziana is white, 1.
Page 20 and 21: Figure 12: Details of larval morpho
Page 22 and 23: 4- Myiasis: Differential Diagnosis
Page 24 and 25: 5. Flies causing myiasis The follow
Page 26 and 27: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Page 28 and 29: 21 Agriculture, Fisheries and Fores
Page 30 and 31: Figure 15: Eggs of several species
Page 36 and 37: Figure 17 (contd): Morphology of th
Page 38 and 39: Figure 19: Cochliomyia hominivorax
Page 40 and 41: Figure 21: Chrysomya megacephala th
Page 42 and 43: Figure 23: Chrysomya rufifacies thi
Page 44 and 45: Figure 25: Chrysomya varipes third
Page 46 and 47: Figure 27: Lucilia species third in
Page 48 and 49: 6.3 Puparia Agriculture, Fisheries
Page 50 and 51: 7. Keys to adults 7.1 Morphological
Page 52 and 53: 45 Agriculture, Fisheries and Fores
Page 56 and 57: Hydrocarbon content (Table 1) Chrys
Page 58 and 59: Cochliomyia macellaria Agriculture,
Page 60 and 61: 8. Surveillance While SWF remains o
Page 62 and 63: Screw-worm fly sticky trap design a
Page 64 and 65:
8.3 Sentinels (Fig. 35, Plate 8) Ag
Page 66 and 67:
9. Acknowledgements Agriculture, Fi
Page 68 and 69:
Lockey, K.H (1988). Lipids of the i
Page 70:
Plate One. LIFE CyCLE OF SCREW-WORM
Page 74:
Plate Three. Plate page Agriculture
Page 78:
Plate Five. Plate page Agriculture,
Page 82:
Plate Seven. ADuLT FLIES Plate page
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