Manual for Diagnosis of Screw-worm Fly - xcs consulting

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2.5 Pupariation Within 24 hours (at 28ºC), the larva produces a puparium, a hard oval shell formed from the cuticle or outer skin of the larva through a process of tanning (Fig. 9, Plate 1). Within this protective structure, the larva changes into a pupa and finally the adult form after 7 days at 28ºC, although the pupal stage can occupy more than a month under cool conditions. The developmental threshold for C. bezziana pupae is 10ºC. When mature, the adult breaks open the end of the puparium with its ptilinum or protrusible bladder on the head, and emerges. Figure 9: Puparia of Chrysomya bezziana (length about 10.0mm). 9 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia
A Manual for the Diagnosis of Screw-Worm Fly 3. Description of life stages 3.1 Adults Adult C. bezziana are metallic blue, bluish purple or blue/green in body colour with predominantly orange coloured heads and burgundy-coloured eyes (Plate 7). The hind margins of the abdominal tergites are black, giving the abdomen a slightly striped appearance which is more obvious in C. bezziana from Africa (see Fig. 31). In females the compound eyes are widely separated but in males, the eyes are virtually touching dorsally (Fig. 10). The frontal stripe of females is parallel sided and diagnostic for C. bezziana (Fig. 10). The ovipositor and associated sclerites of C. bezziana are markedly shorter than closely related, similar-looking species of Chrysomya (see adult key). The size of adults varies, depending on the feeding regime during the larval stages. Body length is up to 10.0mm and head width up to 4.1mm. male female Figure 10: Head of male and female Chrysomya bezziana. Note that the compound eyes nearly touch in the male and both sexes have a marked “excavation” in the cheek area. 3.2 Eggs The oval egg mass is brilliant white and firmly attached to the dry epidermis, or the exposed dermis adjacent to a wound or injury of the host animal (Plate 1). The eggs are glued to each other along their long axes with a dense secretion filling the spaces between the eggs which may be in three or more layers. The eggs are characteristically laid parallel to each other, giving the appearance of a shingled roof (Fig.11). The individual eggs are difficult to separate from an egg mass without the use of chemical solvents such as dilute potassium hydroxide (KOH). Egg masses contain from 95 to 245 eggs (mean, 180) although, if a female is disturbed while ovipositing, two or more smaller egg masses may be deposited. 10
Page 1 and 2: A Manual for the Diagnosis of J.P.
Page 3 and 4: © Commonwealth of Australia 2002 R
Page 5 and 6: A Manual for the Diagnosis of Screw
Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction Agriculture, Fisher
Page 10 and 11: The predicted distribution of C. be
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4: Life cycle of the Old Wor
Page 14 and 15: 2.4 Larval development 7 Agricultur
Page 18 and 19: The egg of C. bezziana is white, 1.
Page 20 and 21: Figure 12: Details of larval morpho
Page 22 and 23: 4- Myiasis: Differential Diagnosis
Page 24 and 25: 5. Flies causing myiasis The follow
Page 26 and 27: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Page 28 and 29: 21 Agriculture, Fisheries and Fores
Page 30 and 31: Figure 15: Eggs of several species
Page 36 and 37: Figure 17 (contd): Morphology of th
Page 38 and 39: Figure 19: Cochliomyia hominivorax
Page 40 and 41: Figure 21: Chrysomya megacephala th
Page 42 and 43: Figure 23: Chrysomya rufifacies thi
Page 44 and 45: Figure 25: Chrysomya varipes third
Page 46 and 47: Figure 27: Lucilia species third in
Page 48 and 49: 6.3 Puparia Agriculture, Fisheries
Page 50 and 51: 7. Keys to adults 7.1 Morphological
Page 52 and 53: 45 Agriculture, Fisheries and Fores
Page 56 and 57: Hydrocarbon content (Table 1) Chrys
Page 58 and 59: Cochliomyia macellaria Agriculture,
Page 60 and 61: 8. Surveillance While SWF remains o
Page 62 and 63: Screw-worm fly sticky trap design a
Page 64 and 65: 8.3 Sentinels (Fig. 35, Plate 8) Ag
Page 66 and 67:
9. Acknowledgements Agriculture, Fi
Page 68 and 69:
Lockey, K.H (1988). Lipids of the i
Page 70:
Plate One. LIFE CyCLE OF SCREW-WORM
Page 74:
Plate Three. Plate page Agriculture
Page 78:
Plate Five. Plate page Agriculture,
Page 82:
Plate Seven. ADuLT FLIES Plate page
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Manual for Diagnosis of Screw-worm Fly - xcs consulting

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