Manual for Diagnosis of Screw-worm Fly - xcs consulting

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Contents Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia Preface i Foreword to the Reprint ii Foreword to First Print iii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Geographical distribution 2 1.2 Potential distribution of C. bezziana in Australia 2 1.3 Australian research background 3 2. Life Cycle 4 2.1 Adult screw-worm fly 4 2.2 Oviposition 6 2.3 Incubation period 6 2.4 Larval development 7 2.5 Pupariation 9 3. Description of life stages 10 3.1 Adults 10 3.2 Eggs 10 3.3 Larvae 11 3.4 Puparia (Fig. 9) 12 4- Myiasis: Differential Diagnosis 15 5. Flies causing myiasis 17 6. Keys to immature stages 22 6.1 Eggs 22 6.2 Larvae 24 6.3 Puparia 41 7. Keys to adults 43 7.1 Morphological 43 7.2 Geographical races of Chrysomya bezziana 46 7.3 Chemical (by Dr W.V. Brown) 48 8. Surveillance 53 8.1 Specimen collecting from myiases 53 8.2 Trap (Fig. 34, Plate 8) 54 8.3 Sentinels (Fig. 35, Plate 8) 57 9. Acknowledgements 59 10. References 60 1i
A Manual for the Diagnosis of Screw-Worm Fly Preface This manual was commissioned and funded by Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia as part of its Exotic Disease Preparedness Program. Its purpose is to make readily available a means of recognising and identifying screw-worm fly. Inquiries relating to this Manual should be directed to: Office of the Chief Veterinary Officer Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia GPO Box 858 Canberra, ACT 2601 Foreword to the Reprint Since the Manual for Diagnosis of Screw-worm Fly was published ten years ago, it has been an invaluable aid in the identification of insects or larvae affecting animals, and on occasions humans. In 1992, the manual established its credibility when larvae from a lesion on the neck of a tourist returning to Australia from South America were positively identified as Cochliomyia hominivorax, or the New World Screw-worm fly. The availability of the manual enabled a rapid diagnosis, and the incident was promptly resolved. Many other suspect flies collected by surveillance programs and disease investigations have been quickly identified using the manual. Fortunately no further screw-worm flies or larvae have since been detected in Australia. However, in October 2001, flies from surveillance traps on the island of Boigu, far north Torres Strait, were suspected to be the first case of Chrysomya bezziana in Australian territory. Fortunately, the specimens were shown to be Chrysomya megacephala, a species already within Australia. Again, the manual provided the necessary information to distinguish the Old World Screw-worm fly from this similar species. Copies of the manual have been distributed throughout Australia and around the world. The continuing high demand for the manual led us to republish with minor amendments, to ensure Australia’s screw-worm fly diagnostic capabilities remain at the highest standard. Dr Philip Spradbery, now a private consultant in Canberra, has again prepared the amended text. We thank him for contributing the revisions he has personally accumulated throughout the years. Now in it’s second decade of circulation, I trust that this revised Manual for the Diagnosis of Screw-worm Fly will continue to serve your needs in the differentiation of screw-worm flies and similar insects. Gardner Murray Australian Chief Veterinary Officer and Executive Manager, Product Integrity Animal & Plant Health Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia March 2002 ii
Page 1 and 2: A Manual for the Diagnosis of J.P.
Page 3: © Commonwealth of Australia 2002 R
Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction Agriculture, Fisher
Page 10 and 11: The predicted distribution of C. be
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4: Life cycle of the Old Wor
Page 14 and 15: 2.4 Larval development 7 Agricultur
Page 16 and 17: 2.5 Pupariation Within 24 hours (at
Page 18 and 19: The egg of C. bezziana is white, 1.
Page 20 and 21: Figure 12: Details of larval morpho
Page 22 and 23: 4- Myiasis: Differential Diagnosis
Page 24 and 25: 5. Flies causing myiasis The follow
Page 26 and 27: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Page 28 and 29: 21 Agriculture, Fisheries and Fores
Page 30 and 31: Figure 15: Eggs of several species
Page 36 and 37: Figure 17 (contd): Morphology of th
Page 38 and 39: Figure 19: Cochliomyia hominivorax
Page 40 and 41: Figure 21: Chrysomya megacephala th
Page 42 and 43: Figure 23: Chrysomya rufifacies thi
Page 44 and 45: Figure 25: Chrysomya varipes third
Page 46 and 47: Figure 27: Lucilia species third in
Page 48 and 49: 6.3 Puparia Agriculture, Fisheries
Page 50 and 51: 7. Keys to adults 7.1 Morphological
Page 52 and 53: 45 Agriculture, Fisheries and Fores
Page 54 and 55:
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Page 56 and 57:
Hydrocarbon content (Table 1) Chrys
Page 58 and 59:
Cochliomyia macellaria Agriculture,
Page 60 and 61:
8. Surveillance While SWF remains o
Page 62 and 63:
Screw-worm fly sticky trap design a
Page 64 and 65:
8.3 Sentinels (Fig. 35, Plate 8) Ag
Page 66 and 67:
9. Acknowledgements Agriculture, Fi
Page 68 and 69:
Lockey, K.H (1988). Lipids of the i
Page 70:
Plate One. LIFE CyCLE OF SCREW-WORM
Page 74:
Plate Three. Plate page Agriculture
Page 78:
Plate Five. Plate page Agriculture,
Page 82:
Plate Seven. ADuLT FLIES Plate page
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