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1.12<br />
,--------;:-:;:-,.-------,<br />
1.12 Diagram of a herbaceous flowering plane illustrating<br />
the following functions: I. The flow of water in rhe xylem<br />
(blue arrows) from the rOOI to seem and lraospiring<br />
leaves. II. The translocation of sugars in the phloem (red<br />
arrows) from the photosynlhetic leaves to actively-growing<br />
organs or storage regions in the shoot and roOt. III. The<br />
evaporation of watef vapour (open arrows) into the<br />
atmosphere and the diffusion of carbon dioxide (stippled,<br />
open arrows) intO the leaf via the open stomatal pures.<br />
1.14 TS of the ffi:lfUre primary root of the<br />
dicotyledon Rammel/IllS (buttercup). )lote<br />
the parenchymatOus cortex (I) packed with<br />
rcd·sraincd gr:l.ins of starch and the central<br />
vascular cylinder which is surrounded by<br />
the cndodermis (2). The thick-walled, dead<br />
xylem dements (3) conduct wafer through<br />
their lumina to Ihe aerial shool sysrem.<br />
Strands of phloem (4) lie between the xylem<br />
arms. (L\4 x 110.)<br />
1 Parcnchymawus cortex<br />
2 Endodermis<br />
3 Xylem elements<br />
4 Phloem<br />
1.13 The broad lobed 'leafy' lichen LobQria plIlmOlIQria<br />
(tree lungwoTl). This is not a true plant bUI is composed of<br />
several symbiotic partners; embedded within a compact<br />
covering of fungal (ascomycete) hyphae lie photosynthetic<br />
green algal cells. In this lichen scattered colonies of<br />
prokaryotic blue-green algae also occur.<br />
15<br />
1.13<br />
1.14
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