Zea mays

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, 1.20 1.20 Abaxial surface of Ihe leaf blade of che dicotyledon Begonia rex. Norc the numerous hHeral connections between che palmatdy arranged main veins. The smallcsr veins form OJ reticulum of polygons enclosing small islands of lamina. 18 1.21 A1 3+----1- ! 1..,--+_2 1 3_\-+ 2 84 81
1.22 1.22 Group of rail Cordy/hIe al/stralis trees, which are monocoryledons with anomalous secondary thickening. In this and !>Ome other arborescem monocotyledonous genera the secondary thickening meristem gives rise to discrete bundles of xylem and phloem which are embedded in a ground mass of fibres and parenchyma. 1.23 T$ through the seedlmg shoot apex of the monocotyledon lea <strong>mays</strong> (maize). The shoot apex (I) is invested by progressivel)' older leaf primordia (2--6) which are arranged in twO ahernate rows. These leaves are enclosed by the single coleoptile (7), a leaf·like cylindrical structure which protects the plumule before its emergence at germination. llM x 85.) 1 Shoot apex 2--6 Leaf primordia 7 Coleoptii(o < 1.21 (Left).Diagrams showing the typical differences between monocotyledons (series A) and herbaceous dicotyledons (series 8). Al to 81 arc longitudinal sections of seeds; note the single cotyledon (I) in Al but paired cotylt:dons (I) in B1. A1 to 82 illustrate the following morphological differences: elongate leaves in monocotyledons which :Ire usually without petioles and with parallel "eins; in dicotyledons relatively shorter, usually petiolate. leaves occur which show bmnched and non'parallel veins. The floral parts are in thrtts in monocotyledons contrasting with fives (or fours or indefinite numbers) in dicotyledons. A3 to 83 and A4 to 84 show tht> v:lscular systems in T$ of rhe srem and root rcspecrively, with xylem coloured blue and the phloem red. The monocotyledonous stem (A3) has many scanered vascular bundles consisting of inner xylem and outer phloem, whereas in dicotyledons (B3) the stem bundles are usually arranged in a ring with vascular cambium present between the phloem and xylem. The roOlS of monocotyledons (A4) are polyarch with numerous separate suands of phloem separated b)' xylem and a central pith is usuaUy present. In dicotyledons (84) a pith is often lacking. and from the xylem core several arms radiate outwards between the phloem strands. Plumule (2), radicle (31. I CoT}'Il"don 2 Plumule 3 Radicle 19 1.23
Page 2 and 3: A Colour Atlas of PLA T STRUCTURE B
Page 4: 5 The green leaf 97 Introduction 97
Page 7 and 8: • CHAPTER 1 Introduction The asso
Page 11: 1.6 1.6 L}'copusicon e$culentum (to
Page 15: 1.17 1.19 ,--------------::c-=-----
Page 22: 1.32 B 24 1 6 \ -H-r 14 13 c 11 """
Page 25 and 26: times becomes highly lobed (2.15, 2
Page 27 and 28: stack (2.14, 2.52) of smooth cister
Page 34: 2.14 2.14 Diagram of the fine-struc
Page 43: 2.39 Longitudinally-sl:crionl:d l:h
Page 55: CHAPTER 3 Plant histology Disttibut
Page 60: 3.1 3.2 3.1 TS of the: petrified st
Page 66:
3.21 ,-------------, 3.23 3.2J Non-
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3.31 TS of n cortienl mucil:lge duc
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3.41 -+-2 3.39 L$ of the phloem of
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3.58 80 3.56 3.56 TS of tbe seconda
Page 83 and 84:
absent or may develop some distance
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4.2 4.3 r-----;; 4.2 RLS of the ext
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4.24 4.24 TS of a vascular bundle f
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secretion may temporarily accumulat
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5.3 ,--------------, 5.3 Large fan-
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5.45 5.44 IS of the petiole of the
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5.50 116 5.50 Base of the mature tr
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fibres often develop in the outer p
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6.7 6.7 5hool of the monocotyledon
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6.33 6.32 TS showing distribution o
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7.4 I'neumatophores of Alliceimia n
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7.14 l.S of a later:J.1 root primor
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7.26 7.26 Fine rOOfS from a large t
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pappus (calyx, 8.9) of each floret
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tube frequently corers the embryo s
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S.19 TS of imm,lIure pollen sacs in
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8.25 8.25 Mature pollen grain of th
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8.64 hnmarure fruir of rhe dleot)·
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a tetraploid h3.S a double: set. Po
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Vacuole An organelle bounded by rhe
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Cell (continued) meiosis 158, 161,
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Sanicula europea (sanicle) 68 Sanse
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Zea mays

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