IDENTIDADE TIMORENSE
IDENTIDADE TIMORENSE
IDENTIDADE TIMORENSE
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Presidência da República<br />
Discursu iha Asembleia Jeral ONU<br />
pajina 5-7<br />
SUPLEMENTU<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
<strong>IDENTIDADE</strong><br />
<strong>TIMORENSE</strong><br />
Enkontru ho PM China nian<br />
pajina 10-11<br />
Unpaid Wages - Elizabeth Traube<br />
pajina 12-15<br />
Mambai<br />
Vizita Servisu ba Cuba<br />
pajina 9<br />
Grande Colar ba Durão Barroso<br />
pajina 22-23<br />
Sura ta’han ne’ebe la’os halo ho ai - edisaun iha lian ha’at - online: www.presidencia.tl
N<br />
esta época de abundância<br />
e de<br />
consumo desenfreado,<br />
ainda se<br />
morre de fome e de sede,<br />
de doença e de pobreza.<br />
Ainda existe quem é servo,<br />
explorado e ofendido na<br />
sua dignidade; quem é vítima<br />
do ódio racial e religioso,<br />
e é impedido, por intolerâncias<br />
e discriminações,<br />
por intromissões políticas e<br />
coerções físicas e morais,<br />
de professar livremente a<br />
própria fé.<br />
Há quem vê o próprio corpo<br />
e dos seres queridos, especialmente<br />
crianças, destroçado<br />
pelo uso das armas,<br />
pelo terrorismo e por todo o<br />
tipo de violência numa época<br />
em que se invoca e proclama<br />
o progresso, a solidariedade<br />
e a paz para todos.<br />
Ou mais, que dizer daquele<br />
que, privado de esperança,<br />
é obrigado a deixar<br />
a própria casa e a pátria<br />
para encontrar noutra<br />
parte condições de vida dignas<br />
para o homem? Que<br />
fazer para ajudar quem é<br />
enganado pelos falsos profetas<br />
de felicidade, quem é<br />
frágil nas relações e incapaz<br />
de assumir responsabilidades<br />
estáveis para o<br />
próprio presente e para o<br />
2<br />
Papa Bento XVI<br />
Natal<br />
futuro, encontra-se percorrendo<br />
o túnel da solidão e,<br />
com frequência, termina escravo<br />
do álcool e da droga?<br />
Que pensar de quem escolhe<br />
a morte pensando de<br />
exaltar a vida?<br />
"Salvator noster": esta é a<br />
nossa esperança;<br />
Cristo não nos salva da<br />
nossa humanidade, mas através<br />
dela; não nos salva<br />
do mundo, mas veio no<br />
mundo para que o mundo<br />
seja salvo por meio d’Ele<br />
(cf. Jo 3,17).<br />
Caros irmãos e irmãs, onde<br />
quer que estejam, chegue a<br />
vós esta mensagem de alegria<br />
e de esperança: Deus<br />
se fez homem em Jesus<br />
Cristo, nasceu da Virgem<br />
Maria e renasce hoje na<br />
Igreja.<br />
É Ele quem traz para todos<br />
o amor do Pai celestial.<br />
É Ele o Salvador do mundo!<br />
Não temam, abri vosso<br />
coração, acolhei-O, para<br />
que o seu Reino de amor e<br />
de paz se torne herança<br />
comum de todos.<br />
Feliz Natal!<br />
[Tradução do original<br />
italiano distribuída pela<br />
Santa Sé © Copyright -<br />
Libreria Editrice Vaticana]<br />
ZP06122503<br />
indise<br />
INTERNASIONAL - 3/23<br />
3 - Artigu: A Plan for Afghanistan<br />
J. Ramos-Horta<br />
4 - Notisia<br />
5/7 - Diskursu iha ONU<br />
J. Ramos-Horta<br />
8/9 - Espesial Cuba<br />
Artigu: Ramón H.Vázquez<br />
Diskursu: J. Ramos-Horta<br />
10/11 - Espesial China<br />
Diskursu: J. Ramos-Horta<br />
12/15 - Artigu: Mambai<br />
Elizabeth G. Traube<br />
16 - ASEAN<br />
Artigu: Oman Beach Games<br />
Joel Pereira<br />
Notisia: Seminariu Premiu Nobel<br />
J. Ramos-Horta<br />
17/19 - Artigu: Capacity Building<br />
Shepard Forman<br />
20/21 - Artigu: T-L Identity<br />
Jean Berlie<br />
22/23 - Diskursu iha UE<br />
J. Ramos-Horta<br />
DIPLOMASIA - 24/26-31<br />
Artigu: Natália Carrascalão,<br />
Nelson Santos, Abel Guterres,<br />
Hernani Coelho<br />
BIOGRAFIA - 27/30<br />
Prezidente Nicolau Lobato<br />
ESPESIAL PARSEIRU BA<br />
DEZENVOLVIMENTU - 32/42<br />
Artigu: Finn Reske-Nielsen,<br />
Fu Yuancong, Eddy Setiabudhi ,<br />
Judith R. Fergin, José Antonio<br />
Martín Pallín, Ivanildo Quirino do<br />
Nascimento, Norbert Baas,<br />
Philippe Zeller,<br />
Gladcya Félix, Hernani Coelho<br />
LOKAL - 43/45<br />
43 - Notisia<br />
44/45 - Espesial Alola<br />
DEFEZA - 46<br />
Diskursu: J. Ramos-Horta<br />
POLITIKA - 47/48<br />
Artigu: Maria Domingas Alves,<br />
Bendito Freitas<br />
EKONOMIA - 49/51<br />
Artigu: Jorge Serrano<br />
TEKNOLOJIA - 52<br />
Artigu: Partha Sarathi Bhowmick<br />
RELIJIAUN - 53/55<br />
Artigu: Madre Guilhermina Marçal<br />
MEDIA - 56<br />
Artigu: An Appeal for Sakineh<br />
Mohammadie Ashtiani<br />
J. Ramos-Horta<br />
Palasio Nicolau Lobato<br />
suplementu<br />
MEDIA<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
SIENSIA - 2/3<br />
Diskursu: J. Ramos-Horta<br />
INVESTIGASAUN - 4/5<br />
Artigu: Sândalo na História de TL<br />
Andrés del Castillo<br />
ENSINU - 6<br />
Artigu: Pedro Mesquita<br />
REFLEKSAUN - 7<br />
Artigu: Pe J. Inocêncio Piedade<br />
APELA - 8<br />
Artigu: J. Ramos-Horta<br />
1 - Notisia: Festival Kultura<br />
Ramelau 2010<br />
Danu Freitas<br />
SOSIEDADE - 2<br />
KULTURA - 3/8<br />
Artigu: Patricia Vickers-Rich,<br />
Francisco López, Juan Carlos<br />
Rey, Nuno Vasco Oliveira ,<br />
Rosalia Soares<br />
SINEMA - 9<br />
TV - 10<br />
Artigu: Juan Carlos Rey<br />
DESPORTU - 11<br />
Artigu: Sean Ferguson-Borrell<br />
KARTOON - 12<br />
Redasaun<br />
Joel Pereira<br />
Ana Mota<br />
Fotografia<br />
Danu Freitas<br />
TV / Video<br />
Nico Amaral<br />
Arkivu<br />
Melita Oliveira<br />
Maria Gonjaga<br />
FIXA TEKNIKA<br />
Diresaun<br />
Xefe Gabinete - Gregório de Sousa<br />
Xefe Gabinete Adj. - Hernani Coelho<br />
Sede - Palacio Nicolau Lobato<br />
Design Grafiku no Planeamento<br />
Asesor Media - José H.Meirelles<br />
Maketajen<br />
Asesor IT - Partha Sarathi Bhowmick<br />
Printed in Timor-Leste
Dr.J.Ramos-Horta<br />
Presidente da República<br />
A Plan for Afghanistan<br />
Talking to the Taliban is key for a durable solution<br />
Wall Street Journal<br />
P<br />
resident Barack Obama is<br />
currently wrestling with the<br />
question of troop escalation<br />
in Afghanistan, against an<br />
upsurge of violence in the country<br />
and enormous complexities obscuring<br />
a clear path of action.<br />
In the cacophony of opinions being<br />
circulated, few have mentioned what<br />
would have to be an element of any<br />
plan—bringing all Afghan parties,<br />
including the Taliban, into talks to<br />
figure out how they can live side by<br />
side without killing each other.<br />
As controversial as such negotiations<br />
will be, they're necessary to long-term<br />
stability in the country.<br />
Otherwise the United States and the<br />
Taliban will find themselves in a dangerous<br />
deadlock.<br />
The Taliban is strong enough to<br />
make Afghanistan ungovernable for<br />
the U.S. indefinitely.<br />
Yet the U.S. is strong enough to keep<br />
the Taliban from ever cementing its<br />
hold on the country if Washington<br />
wants to do so.<br />
That deadlock need not continue,<br />
however.<br />
As we learned in East Timor and from<br />
observing similar conflicts, a stalemate<br />
such as this in the political field<br />
or battlefield can open the door to<br />
dialogue and compromise.<br />
The U.S. should use this moment to<br />
explore ways for a transitional arrangement<br />
that allows the Taliban to<br />
share power, brings an end to the<br />
fighting and provides for the timely<br />
exit of U.S. forces.<br />
The goal of negotiations should be a<br />
settlement whereby each side<br />
achieves its main objectives: for the<br />
U.S., depriving al Qaeda of a launching<br />
pad and cementing the democratic<br />
gains in Afghanistan since 2001;<br />
for the Taliban, securing the departure<br />
of the U.S. Washington must<br />
clearly state the conditions for a U.S.<br />
troop withdrawal, including the dismantling<br />
of al Qaeda bases, the detention<br />
or expulsion of all its insurgents<br />
from the country, and the guarantee<br />
of an end to the persecution of<br />
Afghan women and children.<br />
Whoever wins the upcoming secondround<br />
election will be the legitimate<br />
leader of the country. With the support<br />
of the U.S. and the international<br />
community, they should initiate dialogue<br />
with the Taliban to establish a<br />
power-sharing framework.<br />
Such an arrangement could last from<br />
three to five years, until the situation<br />
in the country is stabilized and new<br />
elections are held. In the next elec-<br />
tions the Taliban, like Hamas in Gaza<br />
and Hezbollah in Lebanon, would<br />
participate in the democratic process.<br />
The U.S should communicate that if<br />
the Taliban wishes to participate<br />
peacefully in the government, the<br />
U.S. will support such a desire.<br />
There are reasons to believe all sides<br />
would be amenable to such an arrangement.<br />
Without power sharing, the Taliban<br />
would be immersed in protracted<br />
fighting with Afghanistan's many warlords<br />
and with the U.S. A deal would<br />
also achieve the Taliban's main goal:<br />
to see the exit of the U.S.-led coalition<br />
from the country.<br />
The U.S., on its part, doesn't view the<br />
Taliban as a threat to U.S. interests<br />
and would rather focus on fighting al<br />
Qaeda.<br />
As for other groups in Afghanistan,<br />
acceding to Taliban power sharing<br />
would enable them to enjoy, finally,<br />
the fruits of peace in the country.<br />
This is not to say that U.S.-Taliban<br />
talks should take the place of the<br />
troop surge currently being debated<br />
in Washington.<br />
The two policies complement each<br />
other.<br />
If negotiations are opened as troop<br />
numbers are escalating, the U.S.<br />
would strengthen its bargaining position<br />
and its ability to put in place the<br />
conditions necessary to a successful<br />
phased disengagement down the<br />
road.<br />
Meanwhile if the U.S. launches negotiations<br />
without a surge or amid a<br />
withdrawal, or simply disengages<br />
completely, it would amount to a political-military<br />
defeat.<br />
The implications in Afghanistan and<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
elsewhere would be severe. Afghans<br />
would risk losing the democratic<br />
gains made since 2001.<br />
Al Qaeda would keep Afghanistan as<br />
a base.<br />
Delaying the decision on a surge, as<br />
has been recently suggested, is not<br />
much better.<br />
By the time a decision is made, two<br />
to three months will pass before<br />
troops are deployed.<br />
In that time the security situation in<br />
the county will deteriorate.<br />
If the decision is delayed, America's<br />
position to start negotiations will be<br />
severely weakened as Washington is<br />
perceived to be vacillating on its commitment<br />
to the country.<br />
Achieving resolution of conflict in any<br />
country requires dialogue and compromise.<br />
It may seem distasteful to Americans<br />
to negotiate with the Taliban.<br />
Yet it should not be more abhorrent<br />
than negotiating with Kim Jong Il of<br />
North Korea, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad<br />
of Iran, Omar al-Bashir of Sudan or<br />
the military junta in Burma.<br />
The U.S. administration has now<br />
opted to pursue diplomatic engagement<br />
with these leaders.<br />
America can take comfort from the<br />
fact that the conditions that allowed<br />
the rise of the pre-2001 Taliban government<br />
no longer exist.<br />
The U.S. has already shown that if<br />
the country were to start moving in<br />
the direction of once again establishing<br />
a base for al Qaeda, they would<br />
pay a heavy price.<br />
There is hope for Afghanistan. Millions<br />
showed their faith in the democratic<br />
process by voting twice since<br />
the 2001 U.S.-led invasion.<br />
Women are largely out of the burqas.<br />
The Afghans are not going back to<br />
the Middle Ages.<br />
They can tame the Taliban and the<br />
warlords, with U.S. help.<br />
It will take time. Many more Afghan<br />
lives will be lost. But the Afghans who<br />
have had a taste of democracy and<br />
freedom since 2001 do not want to<br />
look back.<br />
3
4<br />
PR may visit Myanmar in 2011<br />
President Ramos-Horta announced<br />
that he may visit Myanmar in 2011 to<br />
meet with the authorities of the Military<br />
Junta and with the opposition<br />
leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, who was<br />
recently released from house arrest.<br />
During his work visit to Australia recently,<br />
the Timorese Head of State<br />
had the opportunity to speak on the<br />
phone with Mrs. Suu Kyi, who had<br />
spent the last two decades under<br />
house arrest. “It the first instance I<br />
have ever spoken with Mrs. Suu Kyi,<br />
I expressed my satisfaction for her<br />
release and reaffirmed my admiration<br />
for her, for her courage”, said<br />
Ramos-Horta. Aung San Suu Kyi,<br />
daughter of the national hero of<br />
Burma’s independence (Myanmar),<br />
Aund San, overwhelmingly won the<br />
general election in 1990, but was<br />
placed under house arrest by the<br />
Military Junta, which has ruled the<br />
country since 1962. She was<br />
awarded the Sakharov Prize in 1990<br />
and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991.<br />
During the phone conversation,<br />
President Ramos-Horta told Mrs.<br />
Suu Kyi that, “knowing the complexity<br />
of Myanmar’s problem”, he believes<br />
– together with other international<br />
public figures– that “it is time<br />
to establish a certain distance in order<br />
to give space for dialogue between<br />
the ruling regime and opposition,<br />
in the attempt to find a path for<br />
the gradual evolution of the situation<br />
in the country”. According to the<br />
Head of State, Mrs. Suu Kyi “asked<br />
him to transmit her gratitude for the<br />
emphatic support” expressed along<br />
the years by the Timorese Nobel<br />
Peace Prize laureate (1996), the<br />
Government and the People of<br />
Timor-Leste.<br />
Also, according to Ramos-Horta,<br />
Mrs. Suu Kyi assured that she wants<br />
to continue hearing the friendly voice<br />
of the Timorese. She also said that<br />
she would like the Nobel Peace<br />
Prize laureate Ramos-Horta to visit<br />
Myanmar soon, in order to learn<br />
from the experience of the world’s<br />
youngest nation after 24 years of<br />
agony under the Indonesian regime<br />
which culminated in the restoration<br />
of independence, in 2002.<br />
The President of Timor-Leste said<br />
he expects to be able to visit Myanmar<br />
in 2011, following normal protocol<br />
procedures, in order to talk with<br />
Mrs. Suu Kyi and the Government.<br />
Timor-Leste na OIM<br />
A 99a Sessão da Organização<br />
Internacional para a Migração (OIM)<br />
aprovou por aclamação, a 29 de Novembro,<br />
a adesão do Timor-Leste<br />
como novo membro da organização.<br />
Tendo trabalhado com a OIM e obtendo<br />
importantes benefícios na última<br />
década, Timor-Leste deu início<br />
ao processo adesão no princípio do<br />
ano.<br />
Against North Korea’s attack<br />
The Timorese President and Nobel<br />
Peace Prize laureate, Dr. Ramos-<br />
Horta, condemned North Korea’s<br />
attack on South Korea, which resulted<br />
in four deaths, including two<br />
civilians and 18 injured, and called<br />
on the international community for<br />
solidarity. The North Korean artillery<br />
attack on the small island of Yeonpyeong,<br />
at the border between the<br />
two countries divided by the 38 th parallel<br />
since 1953, killed two South<br />
Korean marines and two civilians,<br />
according to Seoul’s authorities.<br />
“I received the news from the international<br />
press and from the Ambassador<br />
of Timor-Leste to South Korea,<br />
Eng. João Carrascalão, who<br />
has been keeping me informed”,<br />
said President Ramos-Horta, calling<br />
the North Korean attack an<br />
“irresponsible provocation, without<br />
any justification and extremely serious”.“Fortunately,<br />
there is a lot of<br />
serenity and contention on the side<br />
of the Republic of Korea; otherwise,<br />
a larger crisis could emerge”, he<br />
added. The Timorese Head of State<br />
“strongly” condemned “this aggression”<br />
and called on the “international<br />
community for solidarity, to condemn<br />
the act of State terrorism perpetrated<br />
by the North Korean regime”. Having<br />
expressed “high concern” over the<br />
impact of the bombardments, the<br />
Nobel Peace Prize laureate insisted<br />
that it is an “illegal, criminal and dangerous<br />
act”. During a meeting at the<br />
President’s office this afternoon with<br />
the Ambassador of the Republic of<br />
Korea to Timor-Leste, General Seo<br />
Kyung-Suk, Ramos-Horta expressed<br />
solidarity in his own name and in the<br />
name of the Timorese People toward<br />
the South Korean people, “victims of<br />
the aggression of the Stalinist regime”<br />
of Pyongyang.<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
O Embaixador Joaquim da Fonseca,<br />
durante a alocução, expressou a<br />
gratidão sincera de Timor-Leste para<br />
com a contribuição desta organização<br />
através do apoio dado ao<br />
Governo.<br />
Condolences for Mr. Huang Hua<br />
The Head of State and Nobel Peace<br />
Prize laureate, Dr. Ramos-Horta,<br />
conveyed his condolences to the<br />
Chinese President, Mr. Hu Jinaro,<br />
for the passing away of former Foreign<br />
Minister and Vice Prime Minister<br />
Mr. Huang Hua, 97 year old, on<br />
Tuesday.<br />
The letter says:<br />
I deeply regret the passing away of<br />
former Foreign Minister and Vice<br />
Prime Minister Mr. Huang Hua.<br />
Mr. Huang Hua was an amiable<br />
statesman and a trusted friend.<br />
I had the privilege of knowing very<br />
well Mr. Huang Hua in 1975-1976 as<br />
we had numerous meetings to discuss<br />
the situation in East Timor.<br />
In this sad moment of mourning, I<br />
would like to express my condolences<br />
to the widow, Madam He Liliang,<br />
his three sons and several<br />
grandchildren, as well as to the People’s<br />
Republic of China.<br />
Please accept, Your Excellency, the<br />
assurances of my highest consideration.<br />
Backed by Mao Zedong and Deng<br />
Xiaoping, Mr.Huang Hua is the personality<br />
whose efforts helped to set<br />
the stage for the country’s spectacular<br />
rise.<br />
As Foreign Minister, he had a relevant<br />
participation in the talks to end<br />
the Korean War and at the Geneva<br />
Conference, in 1954.<br />
Mr. Huang Hua was China’s first permanent<br />
representative to the United<br />
Nations, taking up the post shortly<br />
after Beijing gained a seat as Permanent<br />
Member of the organization,<br />
in 1971.<br />
He also held talks that led to the<br />
signing of a peace and friendship<br />
treaty with Japan and he negotiated<br />
with Great Britain regarding the 1997<br />
transfer of Hong Kong to China.
Dr.J.Ramos-Horta<br />
Presidente da República<br />
Addressing the 65 th UN General Assembly (extracts)<br />
New York, United Nations, September, 25 th , 2010<br />
I<br />
was not present in this august<br />
room when President Ahmadinejad<br />
of the Islamic Republic of Iran<br />
addressed this Assembly a few<br />
days ago. I was at Columbia University<br />
addressing an equally important<br />
gathering of young students and academics<br />
from many countries, cultures<br />
and religions.<br />
So I did not hear President Ahmadinejad’s<br />
latest intellectual concoctions<br />
in this august Assembly. I will not<br />
question the right of anyone to speak<br />
his mind. President Ahmadinejad is<br />
entitled to believe in, and regurgitate,<br />
whatever intellectual, philosophical or<br />
theological concoctions his unique<br />
mind may fabricate.<br />
However, I do not agree that anyone<br />
of us should disregard basic rules<br />
and practices of conduct among leaders<br />
and utter obscenities in this august<br />
Assembly.<br />
What President Ahmadinejad said in<br />
this forum in regard to the terrorist<br />
attacks on World Trade Centre was<br />
an obscenity.<br />
He went too far as he has done many<br />
times before in this Assembly and in<br />
other fora as when he questioned the<br />
facts of the Holocaust.<br />
Otherwise, we fully subscribe to<br />
Iran’s legitimate rights to develop nuclear<br />
technology for peaceful purposes<br />
and we caution the powers<br />
that be not to haste in reaching conclusions<br />
that may lead to irreversible<br />
catastrophic decisions. We do have<br />
serious doubts, however, about the<br />
reliability and safety of nuclear energy.<br />
Let’s not forget the lessons of the<br />
Three Mile Island accident which occurred<br />
at 4AM 28 th March 1979 in<br />
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and the<br />
even worse Chernobyl nuclear meltdown<br />
of April 1986.<br />
The recent catastrophe of the oil spill<br />
in the Gulf of Mexico would pale by<br />
comparison with a blow up of a nuclear<br />
energy facility.<br />
We don’t know whether Iranian rulers<br />
do have the desire to be an armed<br />
nuclear power or not.<br />
But what we do know is that the possession<br />
of nuclear weapons is not a<br />
short cut to super-power status as<br />
some in Asia seem to think and does<br />
not insure anyone against 21 st Century<br />
conventional and non –<br />
conventional security threats.<br />
Nuclear weapons were developed as<br />
a result of the tragic experiences of<br />
World War II and of mutual suspicion<br />
and fears pervasive among the powers<br />
at the time.<br />
They have become obsolete .<br />
The Cuban Five<br />
We will now turn to some international<br />
issues. We appeal to President<br />
Barack Obama to sign an executive<br />
order releasing five Cuban citizens<br />
who are languishing in US jails for<br />
over 10 years, denied family visits<br />
and visits by the International Committee<br />
of the Red Cross. The US<br />
should likewise lift the draconian financial<br />
and economic sanctions and<br />
trade embargo against Cuba. The<br />
Cuban people are among the few in<br />
the world who are still suffering the<br />
inequities of the Cold War era. It<br />
seems that for some in the U. S. And<br />
in particular in the State of Florida,<br />
the Cold War is not over. The same<br />
time we commend the Cuban authorities<br />
for releasing some prisoners.<br />
Inspired by the best ideals of the Cuban<br />
humanist tradition, we hope that<br />
all remaining prisoners will be returned<br />
to their homes and families.<br />
Aung San Suu Kjie<br />
The situation in Myanmar is an immensely<br />
complex one.<br />
It is a vast country fragmented along<br />
ethnic lines and plagued by numerous<br />
armed groups fighting with different<br />
agendas, some among them involved<br />
in illicit drug business.<br />
And based on our own experience,<br />
we believe that to manage such complex<br />
challenges, be it in our own<br />
country or Myanmar, we must all<br />
show wisdom and engage in patient<br />
dialogue those who don’t agree with<br />
us, so that together we pull our country<br />
out of conflict and poverty.<br />
Mrs Suu Kjie is a pacifist fighter,<br />
whose integrity has been tested un-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
der the most difficult circumstances;<br />
she is an advocate of tolerance, inclusion<br />
and reconciliation.<br />
It is not only unjust and illegal her<br />
continuing detention but it is also unwise<br />
as Mrs Suu Kjie is a revered<br />
leader who working with the military<br />
leaders would be able to bring about<br />
gradual peaceful changes in Myanmar.<br />
Israeli-Palestinian conflict<br />
We commend the Israeli and Palestinian<br />
leaders for the renewed dialogue<br />
under the auspices of the U.S.<br />
Administration. To those in Palestine<br />
who in spite of decades of suffering<br />
and humiliation have resisted the<br />
temptation of extremism and violence<br />
I bow to them. To those in Israel who<br />
have championed the cause of peace<br />
and the rights of the Palestinian people<br />
I will say you represent the very<br />
best of the Jewish people, a people<br />
who more than anyone else on earth<br />
should understand the suffering and<br />
desire of others for freedom. We urge<br />
the Hamas to show statesmanship by<br />
recognizing the State of Israel. Extremism,<br />
fanaticism and indiscriminate<br />
violence do harm to the noble<br />
Palestinian quest for dignity and freedom.<br />
Hamas and Hezbollah are genuine<br />
popular movements deeply rooted in<br />
the millions of poor, dispossessed,<br />
alienated and angry. Labelling them<br />
“terrorists” and refusing to engage<br />
and build bridges with such groups, in<br />
our view, is not a sound policy. In<br />
Afghanistan where the Taliban are<br />
labelled “terrorists” there is now a<br />
realization that peace is possible only<br />
via dialogue with that popular movement.<br />
We urge Israel, a country rooted in<br />
5,000 years of history, born of centuries<br />
of persecution and wars, to show<br />
the wisdom and magnanimity of the<br />
Jews by ending the Gaza blockade,<br />
allowing unhindered access for humanitarian<br />
assistance, and ending<br />
the land grabbing and colonization of<br />
the West Bank.<br />
(pajina 6...)<br />
5
6<br />
Western Sahara<br />
The aborted decolonization of Western<br />
Sahara and the endless plight of<br />
hundreds of thousands of Saharawis<br />
in camps in Algeria constitute an indictment<br />
of the international community<br />
for its inability to resolve this old<br />
conflict. This is not an issue as complex<br />
as Afghanistan or Palestine. And<br />
how can we believe that there will be<br />
an early resolution of these seemingly<br />
intractable problems when there<br />
seems to be little political will to solve<br />
the Western Sahara problem, a much<br />
less complex issue?<br />
Climate Change<br />
While it is a fact that the rich and the<br />
powerful contributed most to the deteriorating<br />
world’s environment, we<br />
acknowledge that the advance of science,<br />
technology and industries in<br />
the last 200 years have brought enormous<br />
benefits to all of us, even if in<br />
an unequal manner.<br />
But we in the developing world<br />
should not put all the blame on the<br />
rich and the powerful for the harm<br />
done to the planet. We must acknowledge<br />
our share of responsibility in the<br />
destruction of our forests, lakes, rivers<br />
and seas.<br />
Asia has no less responsibility than<br />
the US and Europe to reverse the<br />
climate calamity.<br />
We are responsible because we are<br />
almost half of the planet’s inhabitants!<br />
This alone means that we put enormous<br />
pressure on the land, our minerals,<br />
forests and water.<br />
To modernise our economies and<br />
improve the lives of the hundreds of<br />
millions of our poor, we use increasingly<br />
more energy extracted from the<br />
Earth.<br />
And like the Americans and the<br />
Europeans have done for the past<br />
200 years, we are now searching for<br />
energy in far away regions like Africa<br />
and South America! Asia of today is a<br />
rich, proud and vibrant Asia holding<br />
collectively the largest reserves of<br />
wealth in the world.<br />
Asians master science and technology<br />
with its thousands of scholars,<br />
scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs.<br />
So we appeal to our fellow Asian<br />
leaders to take centre stage and lead<br />
us with wisdom, mobilize our economists,<br />
planners, managers, scientists<br />
and scholars and design an “Asian<br />
Road Map” to eliminate extreme poverty,<br />
illiteracy - the roots of discontentment<br />
and extremism – and reverse<br />
the degradation of our collective<br />
environment.<br />
Almost one year after the Copenhagen<br />
Climate Change Summit there is<br />
a feeling of déjà vue, that there will<br />
be no progress in Cancun in terms of<br />
meaningful collective action to slow<br />
down the rapid deterioration of planet<br />
Earth.<br />
The gap between the rich and the<br />
poor, the powerful and the weak, has<br />
not being bridged. While some countries<br />
have made tangible efforts in<br />
reducing their own CO2 emissions,<br />
the sum of these individual efforts are<br />
dwarfed by the inexorable deterioration<br />
of the environment.<br />
What can we do collectively to move<br />
forward?<br />
A new nuanced approach, without<br />
confrontation, taking into consideration<br />
the sensitivities and interests of<br />
all parties, in particular the more vulnerable<br />
nations, and the legitimate<br />
demands of the rich industrial powers<br />
and of the emerging industrial powers<br />
like India, China, Brazil?<br />
Asia is home to half of the world’s<br />
population, 60% of the world’s poor<br />
and yet it has the largest accumulated<br />
wealth in terms of cash reserves.<br />
If we don’t act now, in few decades<br />
many hundreds of millions of fellow<br />
Asians will be up-rooted and become<br />
climate refugees exacerbating existing<br />
tensions and conflicts; we will kill<br />
each other over water, land and energy<br />
resources in addition to the dec-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
ades old border conflicts, religious<br />
and ethnic tensions and regional rivalries<br />
that have plagued our region.<br />
Hence we call for an Asian common<br />
agenda on sustainable development<br />
anchored on environmental protection<br />
and recovery, on land and water<br />
management, health and education<br />
for all, on poverty and illiteracy elimination.<br />
Asians who have shown ingenuity<br />
and creativity over thousands of<br />
years must today innovate and invest<br />
even more in research in renewable<br />
energy and find ways out of fossil fuel<br />
for our industries and cities; rather<br />
finger pointing and engage in the<br />
blame game, Asians must show<br />
greater wisdom and launch clean cities<br />
campaign everywhere, in every<br />
city, every town.<br />
We must stop commercial logging<br />
and the continuing destruction of our<br />
forests; we must replant, put back the<br />
hundreds of millions of trees that out<br />
of necessity or greed we took away<br />
from the soil and thus cause desertification,<br />
soil erosion, floods, land<br />
slides.<br />
We must stop dumping plastics and<br />
all forms of non-degradable material<br />
into our lakes, rivers and seas that<br />
destroy our rich coral life and fish<br />
stocks.<br />
We must turn waste into clean energy;<br />
we must stop wasting water.
Appeal to the rich and powerful<br />
We appeal to the rich and powerful to<br />
ask themselves whether they have<br />
delivered on the promises and<br />
whether past practices have been<br />
adequate.<br />
All too often leaders of the developing<br />
countries are blamed for the lack of<br />
improvements in the lives of our people<br />
in spite of the generous development<br />
assistance we supposedly have<br />
received from the rich.<br />
Past and current leaders are blamed<br />
for mismanagement, waste and in<br />
some instances outright theft.<br />
There is a lot of truth in all these allegations.<br />
But recent scandals in the<br />
U.S. and in some European countries<br />
like the U.K. show that corruption,<br />
bad governance and incompetence<br />
are not monopolies of the Third<br />
World.<br />
Those who lecture us the most are<br />
now harvesting the consequences of<br />
their own colossal mistakes, incompetence<br />
and corruption at every level.<br />
Donors should also do an honest and<br />
critical analysis of their policies.<br />
And we can provide valuable input<br />
with abundant examples of how the<br />
aid money was misspent by the donors<br />
themselves.<br />
We do not wish to sound ungrateful.<br />
We are not. We know there is a<br />
genuine sentiment of solidarity by the<br />
men and women in the streets in the<br />
U.S., Europe, Japan, towards their<br />
fellow human beings in poorer regions<br />
of the world.<br />
But we must be frank in telling the<br />
rich donors that they must change<br />
and change seriously in the way they<br />
approach the whole development<br />
strategy.<br />
Donors must invest more of every<br />
dollar they pledge to rural development,<br />
agriculture and food security,<br />
water and sanitation, on roads, health<br />
and education – and less on themselves.<br />
When we ask a rich “donor” to send<br />
in a group of “experts” to do a study<br />
on poverty and on why we are poor, a<br />
platoon of experts in dark suits and<br />
safari hats, well supplied with mosquito<br />
repellents, descends on us<br />
overnight, talks to us for hours, takes<br />
copious notes, and finally writes up<br />
long reports with laudable recommendations.<br />
Frankly even a seven year old can<br />
easily download such studies from<br />
Google. I confess I am one of those<br />
who rely on my little nieces to search<br />
and download most of the information<br />
and complex studies on issues ranging<br />
from agriculture to city planning to<br />
oil and gas pipelines! And they don’t<br />
demand hundreds of thousands of<br />
dollars in fee.<br />
The most they now ask in return is<br />
one of latest gadgets like an Ipad or<br />
an Iphone. Only few years ago I<br />
would pay their work by taking them<br />
to an ice cream parlour and a couple<br />
of chocolate ice cream scoops would<br />
satisfy them.<br />
Now they are asking a bit more like<br />
an Ipad but they are still so much less<br />
demanding than the famous (or infamous)<br />
international consultants.<br />
To strengthen national institutions<br />
and the democratically-elected leaders<br />
donors must provide more direct<br />
budget support to enable them to deliver<br />
services and development to the<br />
people.<br />
The multiple layers of rules, regulations,<br />
procedures and bureaucracy<br />
constitute a real obstacle to aid effectiveness.<br />
Bi-lateral and multilateral<br />
donors must also reform and streamline<br />
their own aid mechanisms. It is<br />
disheartening that only a handful of<br />
rich countries have met the target of<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
0,7% of gross national product for<br />
development assistance.<br />
Generous pledges made in the spotlight<br />
of international conferences,<br />
side by side with movie stars and<br />
rock singers, are largely forgotten the<br />
moment the Hollywood curtains fall<br />
and the flood lights are turned off.<br />
It is even more disheartening to see<br />
how quickly tens of billions of dollars<br />
were easily found to rescue failed<br />
banks, insurance companies, fraudulent<br />
real state agencies, obsolete<br />
auto industries; how tens of millions<br />
of dollars in bonuses are paid to incompetents<br />
and crooks responsible<br />
for the financial debacle – and yet<br />
decades of appeals to the rich to increase<br />
foreign development assistance<br />
have met with much resistance.<br />
We believe that one wise and fair<br />
way to assist countries suffering from<br />
the consequences of the financial<br />
meltdown is to write off all the debt<br />
owed by the LDCs and Small Island<br />
Developing States, and to restructure<br />
the debt of other debtor countries.<br />
Timor-Leste is in the unique privileged<br />
situation of not having a single<br />
cent in foreign debt. So what we are<br />
proposing is not motivated by selfinterests.<br />
We believe it is a question<br />
of decency and morality that the rich<br />
countries that acted so quickly and<br />
decisively to rescue failed banks, insurance<br />
companies and bogus real<br />
state agencies, should write off the<br />
debt that entraps hundreds of million<br />
in the developing world.<br />
Timor-Leste and other post-conflict,<br />
fragile nations, number 300 million<br />
people are struggling to consolidate<br />
peace and our State institutions.<br />
We appeal to the international donor<br />
community to expand and enhance<br />
support in a timely manner in support<br />
of our efforts to put conflict and extreme<br />
poverty behind.<br />
7
L<br />
a República de Cuba y la República<br />
Democrática de Timor<br />
Leste acordaron establecer<br />
relaciones diplomáticas a nivel<br />
de Embajada el 25 de mayo de<br />
2002. Desde entonces las relaciones<br />
bilaterales se han fortalecido y ampliado<br />
de manera sostenida.<br />
Un momento decisivo resultó el encuentro<br />
del Comandante en Jefe Fidel<br />
Castro Ruz, Presidente de los<br />
Consejos de Estado y de Ministros<br />
de Cuba y el entonces Presidente de<br />
la República de Timor-Leste, Kay<br />
Rala Xanana Gusmão, en Kuala<br />
Lumpur, Malasia, en febrero de 2003,<br />
en ocasión de la Cumbre del Movimiento<br />
No Alineado, en la cual Cuba<br />
asumiría la Presidencia del NOAL y<br />
Timor Leste se incorporaba como<br />
miembro activo del movimiento.<br />
En ese encuentro se sellaron aun<br />
mas las relaciones históricas forjadas<br />
en la lucha común de nuestros<br />
dos pueblos por alcanzar y preservar<br />
la independencia y soberanía nacional,<br />
concretó en los nuevos tiempos<br />
en acciones efectivas de amistad y<br />
cooperación que recibirían un impulso<br />
importante en visitas posteriores<br />
que realizaron a La Habana el entonces<br />
Canciller de Timor-Leste, Dr.<br />
José Ramos Horta, en junio de 2005<br />
y el entonces Primer Ministro, Dr.<br />
Mari Alkatiri, en diciembre del mismo<br />
año.<br />
La presencia durante mas de 7 años<br />
en Timor de 700 médicos y profesionales<br />
cubanos de la salud prestando<br />
valiosos servicios en toda la geografía<br />
timorense, quienes han ofrecido-5<br />
848 040 consultas médicas y salvado<br />
15, 826 vidas, a la vez que alrededor<br />
de 900 jóvenes timorenses se<br />
forman como médicos en Cuba y en<br />
los 13 distritos de Timor, donde radican<br />
extensiones de la Facultad de<br />
Medicina de la Universidad Nacional,<br />
creada el 5 de diciembre de 2005 , a<br />
cargo de profesores cubanos de<br />
medicina, quienes simultáneamente<br />
realizan labores asistenciales y de<br />
prevención de salud, junto a sus<br />
alumnos timorenses.<br />
Ello constituye efectiva contribución<br />
al fortalecimiento del sistema de salud<br />
de Timor Leste, que en breve<br />
tiempo dispondrá de un numeroso<br />
continente de médicos con alto nivel<br />
profesional, científico y ético, cuyos<br />
primeros 18 ya trabajan en las comunidades<br />
de su país.<br />
Como reconocimiento a la obra<br />
humana y solidaria practicada por los<br />
abnegados profesionales cubanos<br />
que han prestado servicios de salud<br />
en Timor, el 30 de agosto de 2009 el<br />
8<br />
Ramón H.Vázquez<br />
Embaixador de Cuba<br />
Excelentes relaciones<br />
de cooperación y solidaridad<br />
Presidente de la República condecoró<br />
a la Brigada Médica Cubana con<br />
la Medalla Honorífica del Estado de<br />
Timor-Leste.<br />
De igual manera, con el apoyo de<br />
78 profesores- asesores cubanos,<br />
80, 798 ciudadanos timorenses, o<br />
sea el 35,4 % de los analfabetos<br />
adultos existentes al inicio de la campaña,<br />
ya han sido alfabetizados y la<br />
Isla de Atauro y el Distrito enclave de<br />
Oe-cusse, declarados Libre de ese<br />
flagelo, con el novedoso y probado<br />
método cubano ¨Yo Si Puedo ¨<br />
En noviembre del 2008, en Dili, se<br />
realizaría la Primera Sesión de la<br />
Comisión Intergubernamental Timor-<br />
Leste Cuba, donde se pasó balance<br />
al estado de las relaciones bilaterales<br />
y se firmaron importantes acuerdos<br />
de cooperación en Salud y Educación<br />
y sentaron las bases para extender<br />
la cooperación a otras áreas<br />
del desarrollo económico y social.<br />
Cuba le agradece al pueblo de Timor<br />
-Leste y a sus dirigentes históricos, el<br />
apoyo que siempre ha recibido en<br />
solidaridad con sus causas nacionales.<br />
Nunca olvidaremos que apenas a<br />
seis meses de haber ingresado a la<br />
ONU, Timor-Leste votó a favor del<br />
levantamiento incondicional del bloqueo<br />
de los EEUU contra Cuba en la<br />
Asamblea General de las Naciones<br />
Unidas, y desde entonces ha votado,<br />
año tras año, a favor de la Resolución<br />
que exige al Gobierno de Estados<br />
Unidos de América el cese incondicional<br />
e inmediato de tan fragrante<br />
injusticia y violación de los<br />
derechos humanos, a la vez que ha<br />
denunciado en tribunas internacionales<br />
y exigido la liberación de los Cinco<br />
luchadores cubanos antiterroristas,<br />
injustamente presos en cárceles<br />
norteamericanas. El pueblo cubano<br />
jamás olvidará el noble gesto de gobierno<br />
timorense al donar 500 mil<br />
dólares para ayudar a restaurar los<br />
daños ocasionados por los desbastadores<br />
huracanes que nos afectaron<br />
en septiembre de 2008. Tampoco<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
olvidará el gesto del Dr. José Ramos<br />
Horta, en su condición de Premio<br />
Nóbel, al adherirse al Amicus Curiae<br />
presentado por diez Premios Nóbel a<br />
la Corte Suprema de los Estados<br />
Unidos en 2009, favoreciendo una<br />
solución justa para el caso de los<br />
Cinco luchadores antiterroristas.<br />
El 14 de junio de 2008 fue fundada la<br />
Asociación de Amistad Timor-Leste<br />
Cuba y el 26 de agosto del 2009 se<br />
creó el Grupo Parlamentario de<br />
Amistad con Cuba por acuerdo del<br />
Parlamento Nacional de Timor-Leste,<br />
el cual tuvo su efecto inmediato con<br />
la constitución del Grupo Parlamentario<br />
de Amistad con Timor-Leste en<br />
la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular<br />
de Cuba. El 11 de mayo del<br />
presente año 2010, el Plenario del<br />
Parlamento Nacional de Timor Leste<br />
aprobó una resolución de solidaridad<br />
y apoyo con el pueblo cubano, devenida<br />
en alentador estimulo a favor<br />
de nuestras justas causas.<br />
Adicionalmente, se ha ofrecido asesoramiento<br />
técnico, a solicitud del<br />
gobierno timorense al Ministerio de<br />
Agricultura y Pescas y a la Secretaria<br />
de Estado para la Política Energética.<br />
Altos funcionarios del Ministerio de<br />
Salud Pública y del Ministerio de Relaciones<br />
Exteriores cubano han visitado<br />
Timor-Leste, resultando su momento<br />
culminante la visita del Canciller<br />
cubano, Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla,<br />
en junio de 2010, quien tuvo<br />
fructíferos encuentros con las más<br />
altas autoridades del país. Por otra<br />
parte, el pueblo cubano ha tenido el<br />
inmenso honor de recibir las visitas<br />
del Presidente de la República, Dr.<br />
José Ramos Horta, como Jefe de<br />
Estado, la del Presidente del Parlamento<br />
Nacional, Fernando Lasama<br />
de Araújo, del primer Vicepresidente<br />
del PN, Vicente Guterres, del Canciller<br />
Zacarías Albano da Costa y de<br />
varios Ministros, Secretarios de Estado,<br />
Viceministros, líderes de partidos<br />
políticos, diputados, miembros del<br />
Consejo Consultivo del Fondo de<br />
Petróleo, de la Asociación de Amistad<br />
TL-CU y otras personalidades,<br />
para encuentros de trabajo o para<br />
participar en eventos internacionales<br />
en la Habana sobre diversos temas.<br />
El próximo mes de diciembre, tendremos<br />
el inmenso honor de recibir nuevamente<br />
en Cuba a su Excelencia<br />
el Presidente de la República Democrática<br />
de Timor-Leste, Dr. José<br />
Ramos Horta, la que será oportunidad<br />
excepcional para reafirmar las<br />
excelentes relaciones que existen<br />
entre nuestros dos pueblos Estados y<br />
Gobiernos.
Dr.J.Ramos-Horta<br />
Presidente da República<br />
Visita de Trabajo a Cuba<br />
T<br />
iene para mi un gran simbolismo<br />
haber arribado a Cuba<br />
ayer 2 de Diciembre, aniversario<br />
54 del desembarco del<br />
Granma y día en que nacieron las<br />
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias,<br />
acontecimiento histórico que condujo<br />
años después a la definitiva liberación<br />
e independencia de Cuba.<br />
Expreso mi mas profundo agradecimiento<br />
al General de Ejercito Raúl<br />
Castro, Presidente de los Consejos<br />
de Estado y de Ministros de la República<br />
de Cuba por otorgarme la<br />
Orden Nacional “José Marti”, la que<br />
recibo con gran humildad y honor,<br />
pues ella es expresión de los grandes<br />
sentimientos de solidaridad y<br />
amistad históricos que existen entre<br />
los pueblos de Cuba y Timor-Leste, y<br />
de las fraternales y excelentes relaciones<br />
forjadas entre nuestros dos<br />
pueblos y gobiernos.<br />
Como Presidente de la República de<br />
Timor-Leste, me siento honrado de<br />
conferir la condecoración del Gran<br />
Collar de la Orden de Timor-Leste al<br />
Comandante en Jefe Fidel de Castro<br />
Ruz.<br />
Esta merecida condecoración expresa<br />
todo el agradecimiento y reconocimiento<br />
hacia al Líder de la Revolución<br />
Cubana y su solidario pueblo,<br />
que ha apoyado desde siempre la<br />
causa de independencia y liberación<br />
de Timor-Leste y practicado su solidaridad<br />
y humanismo a favor del<br />
bienestar y la paz del pueblo de Timor,<br />
cuya ayuda ha sido esencial y<br />
permitido grandes progresos, especialmente<br />
en materia de salud y educación.<br />
La cooperación entre los dos países<br />
iniciada en 2005, en particular con<br />
la Campaña Nacional de Alfabetización,<br />
con el método “Yo Sí Puedo”,<br />
ha permitido la posibilidad a mas tardar<br />
erradicar el analfabetismo en el<br />
año 2015 y ya 82,668 timorenses se<br />
han beneficiado con este programa y<br />
la Isla de Atauro y el distrito de Oecussi<br />
han sido declarados libres del<br />
analfabetismo. Igualmente, la Facultad<br />
de Medicina de Timor-Leste, establecida<br />
por la Brigada Médica Cubana<br />
se encuentra realizando una<br />
labor ejemplar al educar a nuestros<br />
futuros médicos. Actualmente, 246<br />
alumnos estudian con regularidad<br />
del primero al sexto año de la carrera<br />
de medicina, que con el retorno<br />
próximo a Timor de 453 estudiantes<br />
de medicina para realizar el quinto y<br />
sexto año de la carrera alcanzara la<br />
cifra de 718 alumnos. Y en el 2012<br />
ya contaremos con 581 médicos de<br />
este programa y continuaran sucesivamente<br />
las nuevas graduaciones,<br />
hasta completar la cifra comprometida<br />
de 1000 médicos en el 2016. Ello<br />
será base sólida que permitirá responder<br />
dignamente a las necesidades<br />
de nuestra población. El programa<br />
ha demostrado ser eficaz en la<br />
formación ética profesional de los<br />
nuevos médicos timorenses que Cuba<br />
forma, cuyos primeros 18 se graduaron<br />
este año y ya trabajan el las<br />
comunidades del interior del país.<br />
Estos grandes apoyos han contribuido<br />
significativamente al establecimiento<br />
de una red pública nacional<br />
de cuidados primarios médicos generales<br />
y especialistas básicos y ejecutar<br />
labor de prevención de salud.<br />
Destacamos de modo especial, la<br />
magnifica labor profesional y entrega<br />
que han desarrollado durante seis<br />
anos, los 712 médicos y especialistas<br />
Cubanos de la Brigada Medica en<br />
todo el territorio de Timor, lo que ha<br />
contribuido ha diminuir de manera<br />
significativa la mortalidad infantil y<br />
materna y enfermedades como la<br />
malaria y la tuberculosis entre otras.<br />
Ellos han salvados mas de 15,826<br />
vidas, realizado mas de 5 millones de<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
Discurso por ocasión del otorgamiento del Gran Collar de la Orden de Timor-Leste<br />
al Líder de la Revolución Cubana, Comandante Fidel Castro Ruz<br />
Havana, 03 de Diciembre del 2010<br />
consultas y 5,845 cirugías. En reconocimiento<br />
a tan meritoria labor, el 30<br />
de agosto del 2009, en el acto por el<br />
Décimo Aniversario del Referéndum<br />
Popular, entregué a la Brigada Médica<br />
Cubana la orden honorífica de<br />
Timor-Leste. Precisamente hoy felicitamos<br />
a todos ellos, que tan dignamente<br />
han representado a su patria y<br />
a los trabajadores de la salud de Cuba,<br />
por el día de la medicina latino<br />
americana que hoy celebran. He querido<br />
resumir y resaltar la importancia<br />
del valioso apoyo que hemos recibido<br />
de Cuba, remarcar y agradecer el<br />
entusiasmo, responsabilidad y disponibilidad<br />
mostrado por los hermanos<br />
Cubanos que de forma desinteresada<br />
nos han apoyado incondicionalmente.<br />
Han sido ellos quienes han sabido<br />
convertir en acciones las indicaciones<br />
afectuosas del Comandante Fidel<br />
Castro de ayudar a nuestro pueblo<br />
y nuestra causa, para construir<br />
una sociedad justa a través de la solidaridad<br />
internacional. Esto brinda<br />
más y mejores oportunidades a nuestros<br />
ciudadanos.<br />
Esta condecoración reconoce los<br />
destacados meritos del Comandante<br />
Fidel Castro Ruz y los esfuerzos solidarios<br />
colectivos del pueblo Cubano,<br />
piedra angular que impulsa y sostiene<br />
la gran fraternidad y amistad Cubanotimorense,<br />
que perdurará por<br />
siempre.<br />
9
para mim uma honra partici-<br />
É<br />
par nesta III Conferência Ministerial<br />
do Fórum para a<br />
Cooperação Económica e Comercial<br />
entre a China e os Países de<br />
Língua Portuguesa e ter a oportunidade<br />
de rever e conversar com tantos<br />
amigos de Timor-Leste.<br />
Quero manifestar, em primeiro lugar,<br />
aos governos da República Popular<br />
da China e da Região Administrativa<br />
Especial de Macau o reconhecimento<br />
pelo acolhimento caloroso que proporcionam<br />
à delegação da República<br />
Democrática de Timor-Leste.<br />
Timor-Leste regista, nos últimos três<br />
anos, um crescimento económico robusto<br />
e uma situação social e política<br />
marcadas pela estabilidade. O crescimento<br />
económico tem atingido os<br />
12% ao ano. Os níveis de pobreza<br />
reduziram-se em 9% por cento nos<br />
últimos dois anos.<br />
Tomando como referência os Objectivos<br />
de Desenvolvimento do Milénio,<br />
estabelecidos em 2000, antes da<br />
restauração da nossa independência,<br />
realizamos progressos satisfatórios<br />
em todos eles. Nalguns, como a<br />
mortalidade no primeiro ano de vida<br />
e a mortalidade de crianças com menos<br />
de 5 anos de idade, já alcançamos<br />
as metas estabelecidas para<br />
2015.<br />
O mesmo acontece com as metas<br />
para detecção e tratamento da Tuberculose.<br />
Nestes campos estamos a estabelecer<br />
já metas mais exigentes.<br />
A taxa de escolaridade cresceu de<br />
65%, em 2007, para 83% em 2009-<br />
2010. O analfabetismo de adultos<br />
está a ser eliminado e antecipamos a<br />
sua completa erradicação em dois a<br />
três anos.<br />
10<br />
Dr.J.Ramos-Horta<br />
Presidente da República<br />
Discurso na abertura da III Conferência Ministerial do<br />
Fórum para a Cooperação Económica e Comercialentre a China a os<br />
Países de Língua Portuguesa - PLP<br />
Macau, 13.NOV-10<br />
30% do nosso Orçamento do Estado<br />
são dirigidos à Saúde Pública e à<br />
Educação. A política de transferências<br />
sociais que iniciámos, apesar de<br />
modesta, está a contribuir significativamente<br />
para reduzir a intensidade<br />
da pobreza e melhorar a situação de<br />
grupos sociais vulneráveis – idosos,<br />
viúvas, deficientes e veteranos.<br />
Estamos a fazer um esforço para<br />
expansão das áreas de cultivo e<br />
incremento da produção de bens alimentares,<br />
que é também um contributo<br />
para melhoria dos rendimentos<br />
dos mais pobres.<br />
Esta viragem clara da nossa situação<br />
económica e social deve-se, em primeiro<br />
lugar, ao ambiente de paz e<br />
estabilidade.<br />
Estas constituem, presentemente,<br />
prioridades partilhadas por todas as<br />
forças partidárias e pela sociedade<br />
civil, aumentando a confiança dos<br />
agentes económicos e da população.<br />
O comércio e, em geral, a iniciativa<br />
económica, desenvolveram-se e assistimos<br />
a uma verdadeira “explosão”<br />
benéfica de investimento – na hotelaria,<br />
restauração, materiais de construção,<br />
electrodomésticos, mobiliário,<br />
pequeno comércio.<br />
(Faço um parên-tesis para lembrar<br />
que para esta evolução contribui a<br />
intensificação das relações empresariais<br />
entre Timor-Leste e a República<br />
Popular da China, que estão a marcar<br />
positivamente a nossa economia,<br />
como referirei mais adiante).<br />
Relativamente à gestão dos nossos<br />
recursos petrolíferos, é uma satisfação<br />
notar que a Iniciativa de Transparência<br />
nas Indústrias Extractivas,<br />
ou seja, Extractive Industries Transparency<br />
Initiative (EITI), classificou<br />
Timor-Leste, no seu relatório de 1 de<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
Julho de 2010, como primeiro país na<br />
Ásia e terceiro no mundo no que respeita<br />
à solidez, transparência e efectividade<br />
na gestão dos lucros provenientes<br />
do gás e do petróleo.<br />
O nosso progresso só é possível<br />
devido ao apoio da comunidade internacional<br />
e dos parceiros bilaterais.<br />
A ajuda amiga de Portugal e da<br />
União Europeia contribuem decisivamente<br />
para o nosso desenvolvimento<br />
institucional e a realização de<br />
muitas outras prioridades nacionais.<br />
A cooperação entre Timor-Leste e o<br />
Brasil está em franca expansão, em<br />
várias áreas. Temos relações estreitas<br />
de cooperação com Cabo Verde,<br />
Moçambique.<br />
Na verdade, posso dizer que temos<br />
tido a contribuição positiva de quadros<br />
qualificados de todos os países<br />
da CPLP, enquadrados em mecanismos<br />
de cooperação multilateral, no<br />
funcionamento do nosso sistema judicial,<br />
como noutras áreas.<br />
Quero manifestar a todos os<br />
presentes o nosso grande apreço por<br />
essa contribuição. Quero destacar<br />
também as manifestações de solidariedade<br />
com que nos têm beneficiado<br />
o governo da República Popular da<br />
China e o governo da Região Administrativa<br />
Especial de Macau.<br />
Macau expressou das mais diversas<br />
formas, desde 2000, o seu apoio a<br />
Timor-Leste – na compra de equipamentos,<br />
no financiamento de quadros<br />
timorenses, no acolhimento de jovens<br />
estudantes.<br />
Universitários timorenses têm tido os<br />
estudos – na Universidade de Macau<br />
e noutras universidades – financiados<br />
com a atribuição de 25 bolsas<br />
de estudo pelo governo da China e o<br />
Executivo de Macau.
O Fórum para a Cooperação beneficou<br />
com acções de formação 400<br />
quadros técnicos e profissionais de<br />
Timor-Leste.<br />
Desde 2003, ano em que teve lugar<br />
a 1ª Conferência Ministerial, Timor-<br />
Leste tem beneficiado da actividade<br />
do Fórum, na Cooperação Económica<br />
e Empresarial, Cooperação na área<br />
dos Recursos Humanos, Cooperação<br />
Intergovernamental e Agrícola,<br />
e construção de Infra-Estruturas e<br />
captação de investimento directo estrangeiro.<br />
As excelentes relações com o governo<br />
central da República Popular da<br />
China têm-se aprofundado, quer no<br />
plano da ajuda ao desenvolvimento,<br />
quer no das relações comerciais.<br />
As trocas comerciais entre a China e<br />
Timor-Leste aumentaram significativamente,<br />
desde 2008, e ascendem<br />
já, no corrente ano, a 24 milhões de<br />
dólares.<br />
O meu apreço ao Ministério do Comércio<br />
da China, pelo fomento do<br />
intercâmbio empresarial, designadamente,<br />
com a organização de even-<br />
tos internacionais que têm tido a participação<br />
interessada de empresários<br />
de Timor-Leste. As relações comerciais<br />
alargam-se a sectores de relevo.<br />
A componente naval das forças de<br />
Defesa de Timor-Leste foi, ainda recentemente,<br />
enriquecida pela aquisição<br />
à República Popular da China de<br />
dois barcos novos, no montante de<br />
quase 30 milhões de dólares.<br />
No sector da energia, estamos a<br />
construir, em parceria com uma empresa<br />
chinesa, uma central e uma<br />
rede nacional de distribuição eléctrica<br />
-- um projecto integrado, no valor de<br />
quase 400 milhões de dólares, que<br />
vai garantir o fornecimnto de electricidade<br />
a 80% por cento do país, 24<br />
sobre 24 horas, e vai permitir o arranque<br />
da industrialização e modernização<br />
da economia de Timor-Leste,<br />
para os próximos 20 anos.<br />
As relações de cooperação bi-lateral<br />
com a China são também relevantes<br />
e vão da construção de infra-estruturas,<br />
para sediar instituições do Esta-<br />
do de Timor-Leste, até à agricultura,<br />
com o desenvolvimento de um projecto<br />
inovador de introdução de arroz<br />
híbrido, que está a revelar resultados<br />
positivos.<br />
Timor-Leste é um jovem país que se<br />
sente confortável ao integrar-se gradualmente<br />
na comunidade das nações<br />
e que deseja dar a sua contribuição<br />
para a estabilidade e a paz.<br />
Por convicção, estabelecemos o<br />
objectivo de desenvolver as nossas<br />
relações com todos os países do<br />
Mundo e contribuir, na medida dos<br />
nossos meios e das circunstâncias,<br />
para uma ordem internacional as-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
sente na Segurança, na liberdade e<br />
no direito de todos ao desenvolvimento<br />
sustentado e à prosperidade.<br />
No desenvolvimento destes valores,<br />
logo após a restauração da independência,<br />
em 2002, tomámos a decisão<br />
de aderir à ASEAN, como forma de<br />
nos integrarmos na vida da nossa região<br />
natural e contribuirmos para as<br />
responsabilidades comuns de desenvolver<br />
e aprofundar a estabilidade e a<br />
segurança regionais.<br />
O nosso pedido de adesão foi apresentado<br />
em 2003 e o processo iniciado<br />
tem uma evolução muito positiva.<br />
Estamos reconhecidos ao Secretariado<br />
da ASEAN pelo apoio que dá<br />
para desenvolvermos as condições<br />
para aceder ao estatuto de membro.<br />
No plano internacional, estamos todos<br />
perante novos desafios, fruto de<br />
tempos marcados por alguma volatilidade<br />
que o mundo atravessa.<br />
Mas os desafios são sempre<br />
oportunidades para ultrapassar<br />
dificuldades e impul-sionar os nossos<br />
objectivos.<br />
O Fórum de Macau é uma estrutura<br />
dinâmica, flexível e empreendedora<br />
com condições para continuar a dar<br />
contributos muito positivos aos nossos<br />
objectivos comuns de estabilidade,<br />
progresso e desenvolvimento.<br />
Acredito que o Plano de Acção para<br />
a Cooperação Económica e Comercial<br />
que sairá desta III Conferência<br />
Ministerial irá aprofundar e enriquecer<br />
a cooperação entre a China e os<br />
Países de Língua Portuguesa, com<br />
vantagens para todas as partes.<br />
Desejo que esta Conferência assinale<br />
o início de um triénio de grande<br />
prosperidade para todos.<br />
11
F<br />
retilin leaders represented<br />
the East Timorese as the<br />
Maubere people: they effectively<br />
took Mambai ethnic<br />
identity as a trope for the imagined<br />
nation. Maubere or Mau Bere. This is<br />
a common Mambai masculine name<br />
that was used during the Portuguese<br />
colonial period as a demeaning term<br />
of address for indigenous men; it became<br />
an ethnic label for the Mambai,<br />
evoking their reputation among East<br />
Timor's diverse ethnic groups as both<br />
especially backward and faithful to<br />
indigenous traditions, the archetype<br />
of what East Timorese call kaladi or<br />
Westerners. In using the Mau Bere<br />
symbol to articulate the idea of 'the<br />
people', Fretilin imagined the nation<br />
as a poor and oppressed but culturally<br />
vital community about to emerge<br />
into history under the party's leadership.<br />
Nationalist visions of 'the people'<br />
constructed from above are actively<br />
appropriated and remade from<br />
below. This paper is about one such<br />
process of remaking; it explores the<br />
local imagination of a national identity.<br />
In Aileu, the Maubere symbol<br />
evokes a capacity to suffer and endure<br />
that is central to popular nation-<br />
12<br />
Elizabeth G. Traube<br />
Ph.D Anthropologist<br />
Unpaid Wages: Local Narratives<br />
and the Imagination of the Nation (extracts)<br />
Mambai<br />
alism. It is a Mambai commonplace<br />
that the nation was won through suffering<br />
and sacrifice; it was<br />
'purchased', the saying goes, 'not<br />
with silver or gold, but with the blood<br />
of the people' (ba los nor os-butin nor<br />
os-meran fe al, mas nor povu ni laran).<br />
Suffering is often associated<br />
with nationhood in official nationalist<br />
discourses, while the notion of its<br />
'purchasing' power resonates with the<br />
Christian economy of salvation. For<br />
Mambai, the agonistic idiom also<br />
evokes a cultural code of reciprocity<br />
in which those who suffer to bring<br />
something forth must be repaid; whoever<br />
benefited from or caused their<br />
suffering owes them 'payment for<br />
their fatigue' or 'wages' (seul kolen).<br />
In Aileu, popular suffering in the nationalist<br />
struggle has been interwoven<br />
with a pre-independence local narrative<br />
tradition about a martyred<br />
prophet. The name most commonly<br />
attributed to the protagonist is Felis<br />
Marindo. Most people refer to him as<br />
Tat Felis, from tata, 'grandfather, ancestor,<br />
old man'. He goes by a variety<br />
of names over the course of his adventures,<br />
such as Mau Kiak (Poor<br />
Fellow) or Mau Terus (Suffering Fel-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
low). And in the climax of a version of<br />
the narrative tradition that I first collected<br />
in 1973, he assumes the name<br />
Mau Bere. Fretilin's subsequent use<br />
of this name was no mere coincidence<br />
in local estimation, but it was<br />
not the name alone that activated the<br />
tradition. The Tat Felis tradition<br />
shares a number of features with the<br />
so-called 'cargo myths' of New<br />
Guinea, such as a Christ-like hero<br />
who would have brought prosperity<br />
and justice to the people had foolish<br />
ancestors not driven him away. Also<br />
reminiscent of cargo is the idea that<br />
the rejected hero may return some<br />
day to establish a utopian order. In<br />
Aileu the nationalist struggle created<br />
conditions in which many people<br />
longed for that return and were receptive<br />
to claims that it had occurred.<br />
According to others, Tat Felis is gone<br />
for good, but the wrong that was<br />
done to him remains unexpiated and<br />
is entangled with more recent crimes.<br />
The idea of the prophet who suffered<br />
for the people has been interwoven<br />
with that of the people who suffered<br />
for the nation and gives meaning and<br />
force to popular demands upon the<br />
new state.
The Tat Felis Tradition<br />
(…) Hohul and Raimaus are two ritually<br />
important origin villages. Their<br />
reputations, especially Hohul's, extend<br />
through much of the Mambai<br />
area, including Dili. Their formal relation<br />
is that of elder brother (Raimaus)<br />
to younger brother (Hohul). Origin<br />
narratives preserved in both villages<br />
depict their common ancestor as the<br />
original founder of order who once<br />
combined ritual and political functions.<br />
Later, in what is a recurrent<br />
Austronesian theme, his descendants<br />
renounce political power in favour of<br />
newcomers from outside but retain<br />
ritual authority. They 'sit down to look<br />
after the rock and watch over the<br />
tree', the ubiquitous icons of Mambai<br />
ritual life, while responsibility for regulating<br />
human affairs passes to the<br />
chiefs of Aileun, the 'kingdom' (reinu)<br />
from which the administrative district<br />
of Aileu takes its name. Precedence<br />
is pre-eminence in the ritually centred<br />
view of origin structures, and the water<br />
buffalos that Aileun chiefs are expected<br />
to bring to Hohul and Raimaus<br />
ceremonies mark the superior<br />
status of the original lords.<br />
The man who first recounted the Tat<br />
Felis story to me was Mau Balen, a<br />
resident of suku (sub-district) Seloi,<br />
whose ancestral house was in Raimaus.<br />
It was the very first tradition<br />
that Mau Balen entrusted to me, the<br />
way that he chose to initiate what<br />
was to be an extended relationship.<br />
Over one long night in Seloi, where<br />
we met during the annual census, he<br />
narrated the tale. More interesting to<br />
me at the time, however, were the<br />
fragments of poetic origin narratives<br />
about Hohul and Raimaus that he<br />
went on to recount over the following<br />
nights. Whereas the latter events<br />
took place in a remote, mythical period<br />
that Mambai call the<br />
'night' (hoda), Tat Felis's adventures<br />
belonged to the more recent period of<br />
the 'day' (namada). Over the course<br />
of our relationship, Mau Balen would<br />
often instruct me to pursue affairs 'of<br />
the night' or 'the trunk' (fun) and not<br />
to let myself be distracted by the<br />
branching 'tips' (laun) of 'daylight'<br />
events. That orientation was reinforced<br />
after I recruited the second<br />
member of my team, Mau Bere,<br />
whom I met a few months later in Hohul,<br />
his ancestral village. Under their<br />
tutelage I became fixated on the<br />
mythic 'night' and almost impatient<br />
with such 'daylight' matters as the<br />
story of Tat Felis, despite the importance<br />
Mau Balen, in particular, accorded<br />
it.<br />
When I returned to Aileu in November<br />
2000, for the first time in twenty-six<br />
years, the Tat Felis tradition was impossible<br />
to avoid.<br />
For Mau Balen, it mediated a distinctive<br />
vision of the independence struggle<br />
and his own experience in it.<br />
Mau Bere, to my sorrow, was dead,<br />
having passed away in Dili less than<br />
two years previously. But when his<br />
younger brother accompanied me<br />
back to Hohul to meet with one of<br />
their senior kinsmen, the latter's<br />
agenda turned out to involve Tat Felis.<br />
Almost every interview that I conducted<br />
included references to Tat<br />
Felis, and the story came up repeatedly<br />
in casual conversations. In a<br />
variety of ways the suffering endured<br />
by the people over the course of the<br />
nationalist struggle was connected to<br />
the injustice done to Tat Felis.<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
The Felis tradition purports to describe<br />
the arrival of the first missionaries<br />
to Aileu, an event which took<br />
place in the late nineteenth century.<br />
At least one of the protagonists is<br />
derived from a historical figure, Father<br />
Jacob dos Reis e Cunha, a<br />
Timorese who was educated and ordained<br />
abroad and returned to Timor<br />
in the 1860s. When Father Jacob<br />
visited Aileu his missionising activities<br />
aroused the hostility of local chiefs,<br />
and he was forced to withdraw. The<br />
Catholic cult he had introduced devolved<br />
into a syncretic movement, to<br />
which René Pélissier gives the name<br />
'Hoho-Hulu'; Pélissier also suggests<br />
that Father Jacob himself later reverted<br />
to animism.<br />
If there was an historical Felis, I have<br />
so far been unable to identify him, but<br />
features attributed to the character<br />
suggest Father Jacob himself or one<br />
of his converts.<br />
This much is clear: the historical encounter<br />
between missionisers and<br />
indigenous sacral leaders gave rise<br />
to an enduring narrative tradition.<br />
The outlines of the story are as follows.<br />
(pajina 14...)<br />
13
Two priests, Father Diakobi and Father<br />
Xakob (Jacob), come from overseas<br />
to Timor, with their servants. In<br />
some accounts Felis Marindo accompanies<br />
them as one of the servants,<br />
while in others he precedes and<br />
awaits them, or even summons them<br />
to Timor.<br />
His own origins are represented as<br />
unknown.<br />
Although he is Christian (sarani), he<br />
is not a priest, and tellers and commentators<br />
alike were adamant that he<br />
was not a Malaia (a white foreigner)<br />
but 'black, like us'.Either together or<br />
separately, he and the missionaries<br />
arrive at Bandeira Fun (Base of the<br />
Flag), which is the ancestral origin<br />
village of the Aileun chiefs.<br />
There the priests begin to build a<br />
chapel and to baptise members of the<br />
population, including the chief's wife.<br />
This antagonises the chief, who in<br />
most accounts (with the notable exception<br />
of a version narrated by one<br />
of his descendants) orders the priests<br />
to be killed.<br />
Diakobi and his servant are killed.<br />
To hide the crime, the priest's body is<br />
buried in the chapel, in a standing<br />
position, his hands extended upward,<br />
as if in prayer.<br />
Xakob departs for Soibada, which<br />
later became the seat of a seminary<br />
14<br />
and a centre of learning, whereas in<br />
Aileu, several tellers observed, the<br />
population remains ignorant to this<br />
day.<br />
Tat Felis, who witnessed the murder,<br />
strikes out alone. He settles in a variety<br />
of places, but, after a few years in<br />
each, he moves on.<br />
He leaves behind a trail of houses,<br />
stone altars and other material remains<br />
that residents now represent<br />
as the traces of his passage.<br />
Many of these are located in sukus<br />
Rai Laku and Seloi, to the north west<br />
of Aileu villa.<br />
Eventually, his path turns southward,<br />
into the mountainous interior, and all<br />
tellings converge on one destination:<br />
Tat Felis arrives at Hohul, where he<br />
is well received by the people.<br />
He becomes the patron of one of the<br />
Hohul houses, Fad Liurai, which he<br />
divides into pagan (sentiua) and<br />
Christian (sarani) halves, as it remains<br />
to this day.<br />
He establishes his own village just<br />
below Hohul, at the place called<br />
Tutreda (probably from uma-kreda,<br />
house of worship or church), where<br />
an apparition of the Virgin had previously<br />
appeared.<br />
Here he performs a variety of<br />
'miracles' (milagre) centred on productivity<br />
and wealth. Although he<br />
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never seems to toil, his gardens<br />
thrive and he always has good things<br />
to eat, including such delicacies as<br />
bread and eggs.<br />
One teller attributed to him an inexhaustible<br />
cooking pot that was always<br />
full, no matter how much he served to<br />
his guest.<br />
Suspicions of sorcery begin to circulate,<br />
on the grounds that he makes<br />
things 'appear out of nowhere and<br />
materialise (from thin air)' (mous nor<br />
dleus).<br />
Liurai, the Hohul house he visits, is<br />
the place of justice within the ritual<br />
sphere, where Hohul leaders settle<br />
disputes related to ritual duties.<br />
One day, when the chief responsible<br />
for such matters is away, Felis offers<br />
to settle a dispute between two villages<br />
regarding their respective<br />
prestation obligations.<br />
The chief's wife overhears him and<br />
tells her husband that Tat Felis has<br />
'usurped his right' (and thus his manhood).<br />
A complex chain of command is set<br />
in motion that begins with a complaint<br />
against Tat Felis lodged by the Hohul<br />
chief and leads to his arrest and delivery<br />
to the Aileun chiefs on charges<br />
of sorcery. The chiefs want to turn the<br />
matter over to the Portuguese administrator,<br />
but the latter is impressed by<br />
Felis's spiritual powers and becomes<br />
the Pilate figure in the drama that<br />
now unfolds.<br />
He hands Felis back to the Aileun<br />
chiefs, who send him to the kingdom<br />
of Motain, near Dili, to be execu ted.<br />
A large part of the story consists of<br />
graphic descriptions of the various<br />
execution attempts: he is buried alive,<br />
starved, doused with oil and locked in<br />
an oven, but after each attempt he<br />
emerges unscathed.<br />
Felis's punishment figures in all versions,<br />
but the narrative resolutions<br />
vary.<br />
In versions narrated by Hohul people,<br />
Felis eventually either escapes or is<br />
released from his captivity.<br />
After this, he periodically reappears<br />
and disappears (mous nor lakon). At<br />
length, he returns to the villa of Aileu<br />
and rides into the church.<br />
Passers-by observe the horse's footprints<br />
going into the church, but neither<br />
horse nor rider re-emerges.
Mau Balen dismissed the disappearance<br />
in the church as a story fabricated<br />
by Hohul priests, with whom his<br />
own relationship had clearly deteriorated<br />
over the years.<br />
He told me and my assistant, Maria<br />
Fatima, that the trouble had begun in<br />
November 1975 when, he claimed,<br />
Xavier (do Amaral, the first head of<br />
Fretilin and president of the nation<br />
declared just before the Indonesian<br />
invasion) had entrusted him with the<br />
'national flag'.<br />
Hohul priests, according to Mau<br />
Balen, were jealous of this honour<br />
and accused him of seeking to usurp<br />
their ritual prerogatives (hau kuka).<br />
He said that he had been arrested in<br />
1976 for conspiring to 'steal the presidency'<br />
and sent to Turiscai, where<br />
Xavier had indeed set up a base.<br />
At this point, the tale of his own adventures<br />
would fold back into a version<br />
of the Tat Felis tradition almost<br />
identical with what he had recounted<br />
in 1973.<br />
In all Mau Balen's tellings, a lengthy<br />
prologue and a shorter epilogue<br />
frame the central narrative events<br />
and give the whole the effect of what<br />
Mambai classify as maer or 'tales'. In<br />
the prologue he identifies Tat Felis's<br />
father as God (Maromak) who takes<br />
the form of an old man with a twisted<br />
foot, begets a son with a Timorese<br />
Mary and then disappears.<br />
Raised as a poor goatherd, the precocious<br />
orphan provides for his<br />
mother through a series of victorious<br />
cockfights and then sets out in search<br />
of his father. The quest eventually<br />
leads him to Bandeira Fun, where he<br />
encounters the priests, and then, by<br />
way of a sojourn in Seloi and Rai<br />
Laku, to his betrayal in Hohul.<br />
Mau Balen always described Felis's<br />
arrest and punishment at great<br />
length.<br />
The series of executions reaches a<br />
climax in which Tat Felis teaches his<br />
captors how to dispose of him once<br />
and for all: they are to nail him to a<br />
cross, place the cross in a casket,<br />
and toss the casket into the sea,<br />
where Grandfather Crocodile, the<br />
Lord of the Sea, will devour the body.<br />
After that, Tat Felis promises, he will<br />
not return.<br />
They do as he instructs, but, when<br />
Grandfather Crocodile opens the casket,<br />
he recognises Tat Felis and<br />
cures him. Felis then returns to land,<br />
where he seizes a young boy named<br />
Mau Bere, takes him back to the undersea<br />
world, and gives him to<br />
Grandfather Crocodile in return for<br />
having cured him. Tat Felis assumes<br />
Mau Bere's appearance, name and<br />
identity and returns to land in this<br />
new guise.<br />
(…) Acting through Xavier (who unknowingly<br />
assumed his name), he<br />
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made political parties; and the parties<br />
brought the war, in which 'hairless'<br />
human beings died to make up the<br />
difference. Bi Bere and Mau Bere, the<br />
suffering women and men who purchased<br />
the nation with their blood,<br />
were substitutes for the unpaid animal<br />
sacrifices.<br />
(…)In Mambai cosmology Mt. Ramelau,<br />
which Mambai call Tat Mai Lau,<br />
Grandfather Summit, is the centre of<br />
ordered space, where the first ancestors<br />
of humanity are born.<br />
According to Mambai origin myths,<br />
the youngest of the ancestors<br />
'washed himself white and clean' (luk<br />
buti nor mo), gathered up the regalia<br />
of office (including the flag) and<br />
passed through the 'mountain door' to<br />
Portugal, across the sea, where he<br />
founded a new realm. That the overseas<br />
foreigners or Malaia are their kin<br />
is a common premise among Mambai.<br />
Moreover, the mythic path charted by<br />
the Malaia ancestor is activated in<br />
Mambai mortuary rituals, when the<br />
spirits of the long dead, after a sojourn<br />
on Tat Mai Lau, are sent away<br />
across the sea, where 'their faces<br />
become different, their ears become<br />
different' (ahe selu, kika selu).<br />
Mambai will say that what happens<br />
overseas is beyond their knowledge,<br />
but there is an idea, if not precisely a<br />
belief, that the dead become Malaia.<br />
15
E<br />
kipa volley da praia Timor-<br />
Leste iha loron Domingo, 5<br />
Dezembru 2010, husik hela<br />
Timor-Leste hodi hakat-an<br />
ba nasaun Oman, hodi partisipa iha<br />
torneio “ASEAN BEACH GAMES<br />
2010” ne’ebe hala’o iha nasaun ne’ebe<br />
refere hahu husi loron 7 to’o 17<br />
Dezembru 2010.<br />
Ekipa ne’e kompostu husi jogadores<br />
mane na’in 4 no feto na’in 4 husi<br />
kategoria idade sub 19 ba jogadores<br />
feto, no sub 22 ba mane, ne’ebe<br />
durante ne’e hala’o ona treinamentu<br />
insentivu iha Dili iha fulan balun nia<br />
laran.<br />
Alende jogadores sira, ekipa refere<br />
kompostu mos husi treinadores no<br />
ofisiais balun, inklui Prezidente Federasaun<br />
Volley Ball de Timor-Leste<br />
(FVTL), Jaime Pinto Madeira<br />
Entertantu partisipasaun Timor-Leste<br />
iha eventu refere iha tinan ida ne’e,<br />
nudar partisipasaun daruak nian.<br />
Molok ne’e, iha tinan 2008, Timor-<br />
Leste partisipa mos iha eventu<br />
ne’ebe hanesan, ne’ebe hala’o iha<br />
Bali, Indonezia. Iha tempu ne’eba,<br />
Ekipa Timor-Leste konsege tama iha<br />
rangking 19 husi nasaun 45 ne’ebe<br />
partisipa iha eventu ne’e.<br />
Ba tinan ida ne’e, Federasaun Volley<br />
16<br />
Joel Pereira<br />
Media / PR<br />
Ekipa Volley de Praia Timor-Leste<br />
ba Partisipa Iha “ASEAN Beach Games 2010 - Oman”<br />
U<br />
m discurso sobre se “Será<br />
o século XXI o século da<br />
Ásia? - Oportunidades e<br />
Desafios futuros” marcou a<br />
intervenção do Presidente timorense<br />
e Nobel da Paz, Dr. José Ramos-<br />
Horta, no V Seminário de Prémios<br />
Nobel, quinta-feira em Viena.<br />
O líder timorense chegou a Viena na<br />
manhã de terça-feira e antes do<br />
almoço foi convidado de honra numa<br />
recepção oferecida pelo Chanceler<br />
Federal da República da Áustria,<br />
Werner Faymann, que proferiu as<br />
palavras de boas-vindas.<br />
O Dr. Ramos-Horta teve aí ocasião<br />
de se encontrar com o egípcio Mohamed<br />
ElBaradei, laureado com o Prémio<br />
Nobel da Paz em 2005, em reconhecimento<br />
pela actividade desenvolvida<br />
ao serviço da Agência Internacional<br />
de Energia Atómica (AIEA).<br />
A seguir, no Palácio Presidencial o<br />
Chefe de Estado timorense teve uma<br />
reunião com o homólogo austríaco,<br />
Heinz Fischer, que manifestou ao Dr.<br />
Ramos-Horta apreço pelo apoio recebido<br />
de Timor-Leste para a candidatura<br />
da Áustria – como membro não-<br />
Ball de Timor-Leste konsege partisipa<br />
iha eventu internasional ne’e depois<br />
de hetan suporta maksimu husi<br />
Prezidente Republika, Dr José Ramos-Horta.<br />
Alende fo suporta ba ekipa ida ne’e,<br />
iha tinan 2008 no 2009, Xefe Estadu<br />
mos fo apoiu ba FVTL hodi hala’o<br />
torneio balun iha rai laran, hanesan<br />
torneio “Tasa Dili Sidade Dame” ne’e-<br />
permanente - ao Conselho de Segurança<br />
das Nações Unidas (ONU), garantindo<br />
em reciprocidade o apoio do<br />
seu país – através da União Europeia<br />
– para a candidatura de Timor-Leste<br />
à Associação dos Países do Sudeste<br />
Asiático (ASEAN).<br />
O Dr. Ramos-Horta aproveitou a ocasião<br />
para fazer uma síntese dos<br />
progressos registados em Timor-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
be hala’o iha fulan Dezembru 2008,<br />
no torneio “Tasa Prezidente Republika”<br />
ne’ebe hala’o iha fulan Outubru<br />
tinan ida ne’e.<br />
Apoiu Gabinete Prezidensia Republika<br />
nian ba inisiativa ida ne’e, nudar<br />
pakote ida husi aktividades bar-barak<br />
ne’ebe Xefe Estadu, Dr. Ramos-Horta<br />
inisia iha tinan ida ne’e iha programa<br />
“Dili Sidade Dame”.<br />
V Seminário de Prémios Nobel - Viena<br />
Presidente Ramos-Horta fala sobre oportunidades e desafios para Ásia no século XXI<br />
Leste nos planos sociopolítico e económico,<br />
ouvindo palavras de reconhecimento<br />
pela visão e capacidade<br />
de liderança das autoridades locais,<br />
reveladoras de grande maturidade e<br />
determinação na reconciliação nacional.<br />
Um almoço oficial culminou este<br />
encontro, que decorreu num espírito<br />
de amizade.
Shepard Forman<br />
Director Center on International Cooperation<br />
Building Civilian Capacity<br />
for Conflict Management and Sustainable Peace (extracts)<br />
* photo UNMIT Mertine Perret<br />
S<br />
ince the early 1990s, the UN<br />
system, the World Bank<br />
Group, and bilateral donors<br />
have been involved in a<br />
broad array of state-support and<br />
peace-building functions in the aftermath<br />
of conflicts – many of them protracted<br />
– that have either severely<br />
weakened or largely decimated the<br />
institutions of governance.<br />
Designated variably as post-conflict<br />
reconstruction or peace-building,<br />
these activities have included a wide<br />
variety of administrative and public<br />
management tasks, ranging from political<br />
observation and negotiation in<br />
El Salvador, to technical assistance<br />
and advisory services in Mozambique,<br />
to the “light [but extensive]<br />
footprint” in Afghanistan and the fullfledged<br />
governing authority assumed<br />
by UNTAET in East Timor and UN-<br />
MIK in Kosovo.<br />
These political and civilian administration<br />
tasks take place alongside<br />
vital security and humanitarian operations,<br />
but have not received the same<br />
recognition of their importance.<br />
Increasingly over the last decade, the<br />
UN System, including the Bretton<br />
Woods Institutions, has developed its<br />
capacity to deal with a range of crises<br />
from conflict prevention to peacebuilding.<br />
(… ) Peacebuilding is “… the development<br />
of the conditions, attitude and<br />
behavior that foster and sustain social<br />
and economic development that<br />
is peaceful, stable and prosperous.”<br />
And, “Peacebuilding attempts to encourage<br />
the development of the<br />
structural conditions, attitudes and<br />
modes of political behavior that may<br />
permit peaceful, stable an ultimately<br />
prosperous social and economic development”,<br />
acute human suffering<br />
and violent conflict, resulting in significantly<br />
improved capacity for the<br />
planning and implementation of<br />
peacekeeping operations and humanitarian<br />
relief in complex emergencies.<br />
These improvements reflect the need<br />
for international actors to accord primacy<br />
to peace implementation and to<br />
deal with security challenges to local<br />
authorities until such time as the latter<br />
are able to establish their own<br />
defense and public order capabilities.<br />
Failure to perform this vital transition<br />
function creates a high risk of relapse<br />
into conflict.<br />
It is also the case, however, that failure<br />
to build adequate state capacity –<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
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to help local authorities put in place<br />
or resuscitate effective public institutions<br />
for law and order and the provision<br />
of social services – can also<br />
doom post-conflict peace-building<br />
efforts.<br />
In response, peacekeeping mandates<br />
have become ever more multidimensional,<br />
and a broader array of<br />
UN entities and NGOs has become<br />
engaged in post-conflict operations<br />
and assistance programs.<br />
These have involved inter alia: drafting<br />
and implementing peace accords;<br />
demobilizing and reintegrating combatants;<br />
drafting new constitutions;<br />
conducting elections; designing and<br />
enforcing civil and criminal legal systems;<br />
training local police; jumpstarting<br />
and managing local and national<br />
economies; fashioning, staffing<br />
and training for civil services; reconstructing<br />
and operating public utilities;<br />
establishing banking, tax and customs<br />
systems; and supervising the<br />
reconstruction of education and<br />
health systems.<br />
In the most developed of these missions,<br />
the UN has had a full-array of<br />
civil responsibilities.<br />
(pajina 18...)<br />
17
Far from being mere technical tasks,<br />
these undertakings require strong<br />
leadership, political and interpersonal<br />
skills, as well as knowledge<br />
of local languages, politics, culture<br />
and norms. Success depends on the<br />
skills and talents of the civilian actors<br />
in these missions, and on the legitimacy<br />
derived from close consultation<br />
and involvement of local actors and<br />
the breadth and coherence of international<br />
participation.<br />
Unfortunately, while there is general<br />
acceptance of the broad guidelines<br />
governing international action in postconflict<br />
reconstruction and peacebuilding,<br />
relatively little has been<br />
done to create the institutional and<br />
human resource capacities necessary<br />
to effectively plan and implement<br />
the civilian components of multidimensional<br />
peace operations.<br />
Each peacebuilding mission scrambles<br />
anew to design and organize the<br />
appropriate administrative structure,<br />
assess needs, recruit staff, match<br />
skills to tasks, mobilize resources and<br />
coordinate effectively.<br />
Differential capacities (and cultures)<br />
in the civilian peacebuilding, military,<br />
humanitarian, and developmental<br />
components of multidimensional<br />
peace operations also impede integrated<br />
planning and mission execution.<br />
Moreover, although the UN System<br />
has paid increasing rhetorical attention<br />
to the need for conflict assess-<br />
ment, early alert, strategic planning,<br />
and mission design, the civilian components<br />
of crisis management continue<br />
to be impeded by lack of shared<br />
strategic objectives, authoritative coordination<br />
mechanisms, effective human<br />
resource strategy and implementation,<br />
and adequate financing<br />
arrangements.<br />
These institutional and financial<br />
shortcomings are compounded by the<br />
18<br />
fact that within the UN system there<br />
is no locus for inter-governmental<br />
decision-making relating to postconflict<br />
peace-building.<br />
In the absence of such a mechanism,<br />
the Security Council has extended its<br />
writ, both in terms of duration of mandates<br />
and the range of economic and<br />
developmental issues tackled within<br />
multi-dimensional peace operations.<br />
While this has had the net effect of<br />
focusing greater attention on mission<br />
integration, it is nevertheless characterized<br />
by a Security Council that attempts<br />
to shape policy for UN agencies,<br />
funds and programs that do not<br />
report to it, and to provide guidance<br />
on political and economic development<br />
issues over which it has neither<br />
authority nor competence; and vests<br />
responsibility with SRSGs for coordinating<br />
UN actors over which they<br />
have no authority.<br />
The UN’s institutional mechanisms to<br />
support conflict prevention and good<br />
offices are even more constrained.<br />
The Department for Political Affairs is<br />
widely recognized to be inadequately<br />
staffed to provide effective strategic<br />
analysis for conflict prevention and<br />
political support for good offices.<br />
For their part, the inter-agency<br />
mechanisms formally tasked with developing<br />
conflict prevention strategy<br />
are neither appropriately staffed nor<br />
do they have the authority to ensure<br />
program coherence in the field.<br />
Moreover, they have limited policy<br />
impact even within the UN let alone<br />
among the wider set of bilateral and<br />
international actors whose engagement<br />
in a conflict prevention strategy<br />
would likely be required for success.<br />
It is important to note that the UN<br />
System does not suffer these shortcomings<br />
alone.<br />
The European Union is struggling to<br />
build its own rapid-deployment civilian<br />
capacity, with appropriate over-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
sight and financing, to provide more<br />
timely and effective peacebuilding<br />
assistance.<br />
A number of Member States are<br />
seeking either to ensure greater coordination<br />
among their own government<br />
agencies in situation monitoring, crisis<br />
analysis, intervention assessment,<br />
and program planning and implemen-<br />
tation, or to adjust their funding procedures<br />
to provide more flexibility in<br />
addressing the critical needs for early<br />
recovery and reconstruction.<br />
And, while there is considerable discussion<br />
of potential regional contributions<br />
to peacebuilding, especially in<br />
Africa, there is in fact no capacity in<br />
the regional and sub-regional organizations<br />
at present to respond in any<br />
effective way.
Considering the ad hoc and largely<br />
improvisational means by which the<br />
international community has undertaken<br />
conflict prevention and peacebuilding<br />
missions to date, and the<br />
debilitating lack of qualified personnel<br />
available for rapid deployment, the<br />
rate of success --however relative it is<br />
deemed to be -- is nothing short of<br />
remarkable.<br />
It is, however, also tenuous, with little<br />
in the way of assurance that the end<br />
result will be viable, effective and legitimate<br />
states able to govern on their<br />
own with the confidence of their people<br />
and the likelihood of sustainability.<br />
To be more certain of these outcomes,<br />
thereby establishing the basis<br />
for a secure exit on the part of international<br />
actors, it is critical that the<br />
UN System’s planning and implementation<br />
capacity for the civilian components<br />
of multidimensional peacebuilding<br />
be accorded the same attention<br />
as has been devoted to military and<br />
humanitarian capacity-building.<br />
Given the number of current and<br />
looming crises and their risks to international<br />
peace and security, both regionally<br />
and globally, there is a pressing<br />
need to reassess their policies<br />
and programs, as well as the institutional<br />
and financing mechanisms, that<br />
under-gird the civilian components of<br />
peace operations.<br />
(…) A substantial number of reform<br />
proposals for improving the UN System’s<br />
response capabilities in postconflict<br />
situations have followed from<br />
the initial promulgation of the Agenda<br />
for Peace (l992). These have been<br />
undertaken by the UN Secretariat<br />
and Specialized Agencies, UNDP,<br />
the World Bank, and by Member<br />
States.<br />
As a result, over the last decade, a<br />
number of internal reforms have been<br />
instituted, principally in the areas of<br />
military planning and backstopping<br />
and in improving standards of conduct,<br />
delivery and coordination in humanitarian<br />
relief. Further, through a<br />
process of self-examination and ex-<br />
perimentation, the UN also has<br />
achieved some incremental successes<br />
in the civilian management of<br />
more extensive peacebuilding operations.<br />
These include, inter alia, improvements:<br />
in integrated planning and oversight<br />
through the various Executive Com-<br />
mittees (ECPS / ECHA / UNDG); in<br />
management of field operations, as<br />
through the designations of Humanitarian/Resident<br />
Coordinators as Deputy<br />
SRSGs; in recruitment; in training;<br />
in learning and its application through<br />
DPKOs Best Practices Unit; and in<br />
recent coordination between the UN<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
and the World Bank on needs assessment<br />
and poverty reduction programs.<br />
There also have been further<br />
advances in Demobilization, Disarmament<br />
and Rehabilitation (DDR).<br />
As well as in demining, in harmonizing<br />
administrative and budget procedures,<br />
and -- to a degree -- in atten-<br />
tion to gender issues.<br />
Yet, as many case studies have now<br />
demonstrated, much remains to be<br />
done to ensure that the international<br />
system is better prepared to prevent,<br />
manage and resolve violent conflict<br />
and lay the basis for sustainable<br />
peace and development.<br />
19
E<br />
ast Timorese identity is<br />
complex. A multi-disciplinary<br />
approach is necessary to try<br />
to grasp it. History, geography,<br />
linguistics and religion are disciplines<br />
necessary to have a clearer<br />
definition. Languages are key markers<br />
of identity; this is also true in East<br />
Timor. To upgrade the national identity,<br />
education always comes out on<br />
top.<br />
Timor was a part of an Asian trading<br />
network long before the arrival of the<br />
Portuguese in 1515. The Dutch took<br />
the island‟s western part in 1653. Except<br />
for a short British period, the<br />
Netherlands occupied West Timor<br />
and like other Dutch-held territories, it<br />
became Indonesian at independence.<br />
East Timor was occupied by force by<br />
Japan (1942-45) and by Indonesia<br />
between 7 December 1975 and 22<br />
September 1999. The country has<br />
been independent since 20 May<br />
2002.<br />
Luiz Gonçalves and Jacinto José do<br />
Nascimento Moura, in a pioneering<br />
work have paved the way to define<br />
the different forms of Timorese laws<br />
encompassing the Timorese psychology.<br />
Each former Timorese kingdom<br />
had its own particularities based on<br />
ethnic characteristics.<br />
The Portuguese identity is not a problem.<br />
Portuguese is an official language,<br />
even if the youth in<br />
Dili prefer English or Bahasa Indonesia<br />
when they speak to outsiders. It is<br />
difficult to establish what might be<br />
Timor-Leste heritage from the ancient<br />
Indonesian culture and what may<br />
have been imported later from Java<br />
or other parts of Indonesia. However,<br />
the Makasai have some cultural and<br />
linguistic relationship with Sulawesi.<br />
It is sure that there is a strong will to<br />
be part of the East and not the West<br />
among the Atoni of Oecussi. However,<br />
more than in Los Palos, the<br />
Atoni who have their brothers on the<br />
other side of the border know that<br />
Bahasa Indonesia is an important<br />
language. Some families send their<br />
children to study in Kupang, hoping<br />
that they have a foot in the stirrup to<br />
join later an Indonesian university.<br />
There are also geographical differences<br />
between the mountains and<br />
the coast. The identity of the Makasai<br />
living near the Matebian, a sacred<br />
20<br />
Jean Berlie<br />
PhD. EHESS, France<br />
East Timorese<br />
Identity<br />
History<br />
Geography<br />
mountain, is strong. This is why during<br />
the 1959 period of events there<br />
was a strong anti-colonial resistance<br />
around Viqueque. This „geographical‟<br />
character may be more or less<br />
marked but is worth mentioning.<br />
The sociological or anthropological<br />
character is probably more preeminent.<br />
We will insist here on the linguistic<br />
characteristic of this identity,<br />
which is easier to define than a purely<br />
sociological study. This is also probably<br />
true because between 1975 and<br />
1999, despite the importance of the<br />
Bahasa Indonesia which became the<br />
language of education, the linguistic<br />
mosaic of Timor-Leste remained alive<br />
and colorful. However, many traditions<br />
disappeared, but the United Nations<br />
was rather surprised to find a<br />
country different to many others.<br />
Linguistics<br />
Southeast Asian Timorese culture is<br />
related to the Pacific Ocean, and<br />
Austronesian civilization and languages.<br />
Timorese culture is also<br />
deeply linked to Portuguese colonial<br />
history and linguistic influence, with<br />
approximately forty percent of the<br />
Tetum Prasa (from praça, “the city” in<br />
Portuguese) which is originally Portuguese.<br />
In the most part of the 20 th<br />
century, despite the importance of<br />
Tetum and Makasai, Mambai seemed<br />
to have more speakers. Tetum is the<br />
national language, so after 1975,<br />
partly thanks to Catholic Church, it<br />
became the main language of communication.<br />
This does not mean that the Dagada,<br />
or Fatalucu speakers, were really<br />
fluent in Tetum. Between 2000 and<br />
2002, many UNTAET staff could not<br />
understand why everybody in Los<br />
Palos was not familiar with what they<br />
thought evident. However, Tetum is<br />
currently the necessary language of<br />
communication.<br />
Portuguese is one of the main languages,<br />
if not the island‟s main literary<br />
language, and is also an official<br />
language (Constitution of the Democratic<br />
Republic of East Timor, Section<br />
13). This promotion of Tetum by the<br />
Portuguese was partly successful,<br />
but languages such as Mambai,<br />
Makasai and Meto have always had a<br />
significant number of speakers. The<br />
cultural and political Timorese elites<br />
are educated in Portuguese, and this<br />
is precisely why there currently is a<br />
great cultural gap between them and<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
the youth educated in Indonesian<br />
(Bahasa Indonesia). However,<br />
Tetum, the national language, has<br />
another advantage; it is the liturgical<br />
medium of the East Timorese Catholic<br />
Church (at present, thanks to Indonesia<br />
which obliged the Timorese to<br />
choose among five religions, more<br />
than ninety percent of the population<br />
is Catholic). But Timor, in fact, has<br />
many languages, meaning many<br />
chiefdoms and different customary<br />
laws. The Bible is completely translated<br />
into Meto, but not in Tetum. So<br />
for the State, as well for the Church,<br />
Portuguese and Tetum continue to be<br />
essential for the construction of the<br />
State. The main question is the people<br />
(Povo) speaking local languages<br />
and not the political elite who are<br />
generally fluent in Portuguese. To<br />
understand the island‟s complex customary<br />
system, it is necessary to<br />
classify its languages. Each ethnic<br />
group in Timor is called according to<br />
the language spoken, except groups<br />
such as the Atoni (meaning “man” in<br />
their own language) or Meto speakers<br />
in Oecussi and West Timor.<br />
There are more than fourteen languages<br />
and many dialects. In Atauro<br />
Island three dialects are currently<br />
spoken: Makili, Rahesuk (Adabe) and<br />
Makadede.<br />
Galole spoken in Manatuto is close to<br />
these dialects of this island called<br />
Pulau Kambing by the Indonesian. All<br />
these languages are Austronesian<br />
(formerly Malayo-Polynesian) except<br />
three non-Austronesian or Western<br />
Papuan languages: Bunak, Fataluco<br />
(including Lovaia in Tutuala) and<br />
Makasai (including Maklere). These<br />
Timorese languages are spoken in<br />
different districts as follows:
1. Tetum is spoken in Dili, Batugade<br />
(Batugadé), Suai (Tetum Terik), and<br />
Viqueque but also in Atambua, West<br />
Timor; 2. Mambai (Mambae) is used<br />
in Aileu (North dialect), (Samé) and<br />
Ainaro; 3. Fataluco, or Fataluku, is<br />
spoken in Lautem (Lautenu is one of<br />
the four dialects) and Los Palos<br />
(Lospala in Fataluco); 4. Meto<br />
(incorrectly called Vaikenu, Baikenu,<br />
or Dawan) in Oecussi; 5. Tokodede<br />
(Tokode or simply Tokod) in Liquica<br />
and Maubara; 6. Makasai (Makasae)<br />
in Baucau (Maklere is probably related);<br />
7. Galole (Galoli) in Manatuto;<br />
8. Bunak in Bobonaro; 9. Ema,<br />
Emak, or Kemak in Kailaku; 10.<br />
Idate (Idaté, Idalaka) in Laclubar; 11.<br />
Kairui in Aitalo (Kawaimina?); 12.<br />
Nauete (Nauoti) (Hull classifies it<br />
with Kawaimina); 13. Midik (Midiki)<br />
(Kawaimina?); 14. Naumik (part of<br />
Nauete for Hull or Lere?)<br />
East Timor and Indonesia are Southeast<br />
Asian nations, and following the<br />
ethics of the President Dr Ramos-<br />
Horta and the PM Xanana Gusmão it<br />
is time to look at a sincere reconciliation<br />
between the two nations. Reconciliation<br />
could not be achieved if<br />
the East Timor government does<br />
not recognize the positive actions<br />
of Indonesia in Dili. For example,<br />
the creation of a university for the first<br />
time in East Timor’s history in 1981 is<br />
remarkable. Negative aspects cannot<br />
be forgotten but are no longer significant<br />
in the current globalized economy<br />
of the twenty-first century.<br />
The industrialization of East Timor,<br />
without forgetting to mention the huge<br />
offshore investment to put the new<br />
country’s economy and politics on<br />
track, is not yet a reality. East Timor<br />
is currently an independent country,<br />
holding its independence ceremony<br />
on 20 May 2002. It is the result of<br />
hopes, needs, nostalgia, and, above<br />
all, the strong will of the Timorese<br />
people. With respect to international<br />
laws, the question of the total independence<br />
of East Timor has to be<br />
raised. For the majority of the<br />
Timorese, East Timor must be an<br />
independent country, and to achieve<br />
this aim, laws are necessary. Without<br />
speaking of Portuguese or Indonesian<br />
laws, the Timorese also<br />
have their own “laws.” To understand<br />
their culture and how they vote,<br />
it is necessary to consider the island’s<br />
cultural and linguistic complexity.<br />
Local culture is certainly linked to the<br />
geographic territory, an island, but it<br />
sometimes takes into account preexisting<br />
cultures and transforms them<br />
into nationalism. More precisely, for<br />
the German encyclopedist Johann<br />
Zedler (1740), quoted by Hobsbawm<br />
(1991), a nation in its original meaning<br />
includes a certain number of<br />
“citizens who share a series of cus-<br />
toms, habits, and laws”. Popular<br />
Timorese cultural identity related to<br />
ancient warring kingdoms, finally<br />
colonized, and traditional laws, part of<br />
Timorese nationalism, have always<br />
played and continue to play a significant<br />
role on the island. The crucial<br />
role of customary laws lisan in<br />
Tetum (adat in Indonesian and Malay)<br />
in Timorese society shows the<br />
importance of “local beliefs and<br />
practices.”<br />
Religion and beliefs<br />
It is necessary to say that the present<br />
Catholic identity of the East Timorese<br />
is a relatively recent social phenomenon.<br />
Only thirty percent of them were<br />
converted before 1975. According to<br />
the President Dr José Ramos-Horta,<br />
the Portuguese gave the Bible to the<br />
Timorese, but in exchange took their<br />
land. In 2010, the Catholic identity of<br />
a majority of the East Timorese cannot<br />
be denied. The ethics of philosophy<br />
and religion is taught in public<br />
schools and it is not possible to find<br />
another way to teach moral principles.<br />
There is no Teachers College or<br />
university specialized in training professors<br />
and educators. I will not develop<br />
the question of Islamic faith, but<br />
it cannot be ignored concerning the<br />
identity of a minority of the East<br />
Timorese. Another point is the primary<br />
civilization of the Timorese<br />
which is worthy of our comprehension.<br />
All the great inventions of humanity<br />
were there before the arrival<br />
of the Dominican priests in Lifau.<br />
This study, we hope, may help the<br />
people of East Timor in incorporating<br />
harmoniously the culture given by<br />
their ancestors. Ancestors are the<br />
basis of the local beliefs in Timor but<br />
also the basis of local power, alliance,<br />
and justice. For the Bunak, the<br />
parents of the “ancestors” are twins<br />
whose mythical sons are the five ancestors.<br />
Political power and status<br />
is based not on landownership but<br />
on the patrimony of noble families.<br />
Things are changing in the country,<br />
as it becomes part of a more global<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
world. This partly explains the legal<br />
question of who owns the land. Formerly<br />
in Timor private possession<br />
was virtually impossible. This also<br />
shapes the identity. However, in a<br />
time of globalization, the development<br />
of languages and education are<br />
becoming sine qua non conditions of<br />
harmonization.<br />
Languages and education<br />
East Timorese students do not succeed<br />
everywhere in tertiary education.<br />
Some have success in Indonesian<br />
universities and few of them in<br />
Australia and Portugal, but nowhere<br />
is their ability to speak many languages<br />
praised, as in Cuba. Languages<br />
and education go hand in<br />
hand. All languages are useful, but it<br />
is necessary to find which language<br />
is important. Mother tongue is fundamental,<br />
and in particular the national<br />
language, Tetum. However, the history<br />
of languages in neighboring<br />
Southeast Asian countries, for example<br />
the Philippines, shows that constructing<br />
a national language (Tagalog<br />
or Filipino) takes many decades.<br />
The Commission on the Filipino Language<br />
is an essential body regulating<br />
the national language. This long process<br />
to regulate and supervise the<br />
national language is also true for<br />
Tetum. We stress the importance, as<br />
an educational tool, of Portuguese or<br />
another language, in the teaching of<br />
mathematics in East Timor - a topic<br />
where the local students are not<br />
among the best of Asia. So, for other<br />
disciplines also, the future of the<br />
identity of new generations of East<br />
Timorese will be shaped in the right<br />
direction for the common interest of<br />
the nation and the youth.<br />
How to conclude?<br />
Every Timorese has his own identity.<br />
Could we say there is a unique “East<br />
Timorese identity” or that are there<br />
many identities in Timor Leste? A<br />
survivor of the “black period”, between<br />
1942 and 1945, will certainly<br />
claim some differences to define his/<br />
her identity compared to a younger<br />
grand-son or a grand-daughter who is<br />
certainly much more modern. There<br />
are in fact different approaches to the<br />
Timorese identity according to generations.<br />
However, being independent<br />
was a common goal since the<br />
1960s and this continues to influence<br />
the Timorese identity. After 1975, this<br />
idea of independence became the<br />
common national identity which successfully<br />
mobilized all the East<br />
Timorese. A new practical and constructive<br />
national identity, elaborated<br />
by the people of Timor-Leste themselves,<br />
will help the country to succeed<br />
in a global and complex 21 st<br />
century world.<br />
21
M<br />
r. President, ladies and<br />
gentlemen, I will start by<br />
remarks in English, and<br />
then I will switch to Portuguese,<br />
and then back to English.<br />
I would be able to address you in five<br />
of the European languages, but I will<br />
not do that because I will get confused<br />
myself, so I will stick to two:<br />
English and Portuguese.<br />
I am grateful for the privilege to address<br />
this august institution, the embodiment<br />
of Europe’s rich cultural<br />
diversity and its democratic political<br />
culture and institutions. My admiration<br />
for Europe and for the institutions<br />
you have created, for the road you<br />
have walked from disunity, rivalries<br />
and wars to unity, partnership and<br />
peace, democracy, inclusion and<br />
prosperity, as well as for your deep<br />
belief in solidarity among peoples, led<br />
me as a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate<br />
in 2008 to nominate the European<br />
Union and the European Commission<br />
for the Nobel Peace Prize.<br />
At one end of the globe, there is the<br />
overwhelming influence and shadow<br />
of the only surviving superpower. At<br />
the other end, there is Asia with the<br />
shadow of two emerging Asian giants<br />
looming over the rest of the region. In<br />
between, there can be the European<br />
bridge – a bridge that could connect<br />
all in a new partnership for peace and<br />
prosperity.<br />
This Europe of inclusion extends from<br />
the beautiful Atlantic coast that<br />
bathes Portugal to the edges of the<br />
old continent where Asia begins. As I<br />
speak here, I am particularly grateful<br />
to this august institution, to many of<br />
its esteemed Members, to the European<br />
Commission and in particular to<br />
its President, our friend José Manuel<br />
Durão Barroso, who has stood behind<br />
us for over three decades in our<br />
long quest for freedom. As a young<br />
politician and diplomat, first as Secretary<br />
of State, then as Foreign Minister<br />
and later as Prime Minister of Portugal,<br />
he was a wise and passionate<br />
advocate for Timor-Leste, as he was<br />
also for Africa, Asia and Latin America.But<br />
I would fail in my duty if I were<br />
not to thank the many other Members<br />
of the European Parliament, some of<br />
whom are no longer here because of<br />
the irreversible ageing process from<br />
which none of us can escape.<br />
22<br />
Dr.J.Ramos-Horta<br />
Presidente da República<br />
Address to the European Parliament<br />
Brussels, 6 th October 2010<br />
What we found in this institution from<br />
all spectrums, from left and from<br />
right, was that you gave us a forum<br />
when nowhere else gave us a voice<br />
to speak.<br />
It was, for instance, the Portuguese<br />
Members of the European Parliament<br />
from all parties who, in the 1990s,<br />
gave a portion of their own salaries to<br />
the person who is today our Foreign<br />
Minister, Dr. Zacarias da Costa. He<br />
was here for five years as a representative<br />
of the Timorese resistance,<br />
and it was the Portuguese Members<br />
of the European Parliament from left<br />
and right who every month would<br />
give us some financial assistance to<br />
keep an office going here in Brussels.<br />
It was also this institution that gave<br />
us for the first time anywhere in the<br />
world a pass, an identity card, representing<br />
Timor-Leste in Parliament to<br />
advocate the cause of Timor-Leste.<br />
So, in coming back here, I come with<br />
an immense sense of gratitude to all<br />
of you.<br />
Allow me to turn now to Portuguese,<br />
and I will address the issue of the<br />
Millennium Development Goals, how<br />
we are doing in my country, and what<br />
we expect the international community<br />
to do to assist us and others.<br />
Timor-Leste não era um país independente<br />
em 2000 e só na apresentação<br />
do nosso primeiro relatório<br />
sobre os ODM em 2004 é que estabelecemos<br />
as primeiras metas a<br />
atingir.<br />
Durante os últimos três anos, Timor-<br />
Leste tem vivido uma verdadeira paz,<br />
que possibilitou um crescimento<br />
económico robusto de mais de 12% /<br />
ano, a redução dos níveis de pobreza<br />
em 9% durante os últimos dois anos,<br />
a queda da mortalidade infantil e das<br />
crianças com menos de 5 anos de<br />
idade, atingindo já as metas estabelecidas<br />
para o ano 2015, a inscrição<br />
nas escolas aumentou de 65% em<br />
2007 para 83% em 2009-2010, e o<br />
analfabetismo dos adultos tem sido<br />
gradualmente eliminado graças a um<br />
programa conjunto entre Timor Leste<br />
e Cuba.<br />
Antecipamos, a erradicação do analfabetismo<br />
em Timor-Leste dentro de<br />
dois a três anos. Por volta de 30% do<br />
Orçamento Geral do Estado está a<br />
ser afectado à Saúde Pública e à<br />
Educação.<br />
Esta reviravolta foi possível graças a<br />
um determinado financiamento público<br />
de programas sociais como o da<br />
transferência directa em dinheiro para<br />
idosos, viúvas, deficientes e veteranos,<br />
bem como aos esforços para<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
a expansão das áreas de cultivo e incremento<br />
da produção de bens<br />
alimentares. Estamos a finalizar o<br />
roadmap do nosso Plano de Desenvolvimento<br />
Estratégico 2010-2030,<br />
que possibilitará libertar o nosso povo<br />
de séculos de pobreza e elevar o<br />
seu nível de vida para o da classe<br />
média-alta em 2030.<br />
Relativamente à gestão dos nossos<br />
recursos petrolíferos, é uma satisfação<br />
poder notar que a Iniciativa de<br />
Transparência nas Indústrias Extractivas,<br />
ou seja, Extractive Industries<br />
Transparency Initiative (EITI), classificou<br />
Timor-Leste, no seu relatório de<br />
1 de Julho de 2010, como o primeiro<br />
país na Ásia e terceiro no mundo no<br />
que diz respeito à solidez, transparência<br />
e efectividade na gestão dos<br />
lucros provenientes do gás e do<br />
petróleo.<br />
Cerca de 30% dos deputados no<br />
nosso Parlamento Nacional são<br />
mulheres. No executivo, ministérioschave<br />
como Finanças, Justiça e<br />
Solidariedade Social, a Procuradoria-<br />
Geral da República, etc., são liderados<br />
por mulheres. Temos um Parlamento<br />
da Juventude com 130 membros,<br />
acabado de ser eleito em todo<br />
o país.<br />
Os jovens eleitos para esse<br />
Parlamento da Juventude têm idades<br />
compreendidas entre 12 e 17 anos.<br />
Foi sempre nosso desejo que houvesse<br />
equilíbrio do género no Parlamento<br />
da Juventude.<br />
No entanto, a nossa expectativa foi<br />
ultrapassada. O parlamento jovem é<br />
constituído por 68 jovens deputadas<br />
do sexo feminino e 62 rapazes<br />
deputados.<br />
Timor-Leste tem o orgulho de ter<br />
adoptado uma das constituições mais<br />
humanistas do mundo, onde a pena<br />
de morte é proibida, sendo a<br />
sentença de prisão máxima de 25<br />
anos, e não temos prisão perpétua.
Ratificámos todos os principais tratados<br />
internacionais de direitos humanos.<br />
Já apresentámos dois relatórios<br />
dos tratados às instituições relevantes<br />
e continuaremos a investir esforços<br />
no sentido de reforçar ainda mais<br />
o respeito pelos direitos humanos,<br />
pela liberdade e pela dignidade para<br />
todos.<br />
A nossa Constituição reconhece o<br />
primado do direito internacional sobre<br />
as leis nacionais, isto é, todas as<br />
nossas leis devem conformar-se com<br />
o direito internacional. E agora, com<br />
permissão, mudo para inglês.<br />
I will now address the issue of climate<br />
change – obviously very superficially<br />
because of the time constraints here.<br />
While it is a fact that the rich and<br />
powerful contributed most to the deteriorating<br />
world environment, we<br />
acknowledge that the advance of science,<br />
technology and industries in<br />
the last 200 years has brought enormous<br />
benefits to all, even if those<br />
benefits have been distributed in an<br />
unequal manner.<br />
But we in the developing world<br />
should not put all the blame on the<br />
rich and powerful for the harm done<br />
to the planet. We must acknowledge<br />
our share of responsibility in the destruction<br />
of our forests, lakes, rivers<br />
and seas. Asia has no less responsibility<br />
than the US and Europe to reverse<br />
the climate calamity. We are<br />
almost half of the planet’s inhabitants.<br />
This alone means that we put enormous<br />
pressure on the land, minerals,<br />
forests and water. To modernise our<br />
economies and improve the lives of<br />
hundreds of millions of the poor in<br />
Asia, we are using increasingly more<br />
energy extracted from planet Earth.<br />
Many of the emerging powers of Asia<br />
are also now crossing oceans,<br />
searching for energy elsewhere – in<br />
Africa and Latin America.<br />
Therefore Timor-Leste – working together<br />
with the Maldives, two of the<br />
smallest countries in Asia – calls for<br />
an Asian common agenda on sustainable<br />
development anchored on<br />
environmental protection and recovery,<br />
on land and water management,<br />
health and education for all, and on<br />
the elimination of poverty and illiteracy.<br />
I have an appeal to the rich and the<br />
powerful. The rich and the powerful<br />
should ask themselves whether they<br />
have delivered on the pledges made<br />
in front of TV cameras and whether<br />
past policies have been effective in<br />
addressing under-development and<br />
extreme poverty.<br />
All too often, leaders of the developing<br />
countries are blamed for the lack<br />
of improvements in the lives of our<br />
people, in spite of the generous development<br />
assistance we supposedly<br />
have received from the rich.<br />
But donors should also make an honest<br />
and critical analysis of the poli-<br />
cies. We know there is a genuine<br />
sentiment of solidarity from men and<br />
women in the streets – in the US,<br />
Europe and Japan – towards their<br />
fellow human beings in poorer regions<br />
of the world, but donors must<br />
also streamline the lengthy, onerous,<br />
superfluous, wasteful, redundant and<br />
bureaucratic paperwork that drowns<br />
and discourages anyone in our countries.<br />
(Applause)<br />
Donors must invest more of every<br />
dollar they pledge in rural development,<br />
agriculture, food security, water<br />
and sanitation, roads, health and<br />
education. To strengthen national<br />
institutions and the democratically<br />
elected leaders, donors must provide<br />
more direct sector budget support to<br />
enable them to deliver services and<br />
development to the people.<br />
It is disheartening that only a handful<br />
of rich countries have met the target<br />
of 0.7% of gross national product for<br />
development assistance. At the same<br />
time, generous pledges made in the<br />
spotlight of international conferences<br />
– side by side with movie stars and<br />
rock singers – are largely forgotten<br />
the moment the Hollywood curtains<br />
fall and the floodlights are turned off.<br />
It is even more disheartening to see<br />
how quickly tens of billions of dollars<br />
are easily found to rescue failed<br />
banks, insurance companies, fraudulent<br />
real estate agencies and obsolete<br />
auto industries, and how tens of<br />
millions of dollars in bonuses are paid<br />
to incompetents and crooks responsible<br />
for the financial debacle – and yet<br />
decades of appeals to the rich to increase<br />
foreign development assistance<br />
have been met with much resistance.<br />
We believe that one wise and fair<br />
way to assist countries suffering from<br />
the consequences of the financial<br />
meltdown is to write off the debt owed<br />
by the LDCs and Small Island Developing<br />
States and to restructure the<br />
debt of the debtor countries that are<br />
facing enormous internal and external<br />
challenges – such as instability, climate<br />
change and extremism – in<br />
many parts of the world, particularly<br />
in South Asia and the region of the<br />
Great Lakes of Africa.<br />
Timor Leste is privileged in that we<br />
do not have a single cent in foreign<br />
debt, so our appeal to you is not motivated<br />
by self-interest. Actually if you<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Internasional<br />
open the economies yearbook of<br />
2010 – the pocketbook version – you<br />
will find some interesting data there.<br />
Timor-Leste today has the highest<br />
surplus in the world as a percentage<br />
of its GDP and not a single cent in<br />
foreign debt. Nevertheless, we feel in<br />
solidarity with those countries that for<br />
decades have incurred debt which<br />
they are today unable to pay and<br />
which entraps hundreds of millions of<br />
people in the world. If it has been<br />
possible to mobilise billions of dollars<br />
almost overnight to rescue failed<br />
banks and insurance companies,<br />
then there must also be the moral<br />
obligation and political wisdom to find<br />
the much smaller amount to meet the<br />
obligations of the developed countries<br />
towards the poor in the third<br />
world, to ratify some of the imbalances<br />
that are pervasive in the world<br />
today.<br />
As I speak here today with a deep<br />
sense of gratitude to you – to the<br />
European Parliament, to European<br />
leaders and to all our development<br />
partners – I wish with humility also to<br />
acknowledge our own failings and our<br />
limitations. We in Timor-Leste, and in<br />
much of the developing world, should<br />
not reverse roles by lecturing the<br />
West – in retribution for the West<br />
having lectured us for decades – but<br />
should also look at ourselves in the<br />
mirror and answer our own questions<br />
from our conscience. What have we<br />
ourselves done to lift the hundreds of<br />
millions of our people from extreme<br />
poverty? We can do that. We can all<br />
do better, in Timor-Leste and elsewhere.<br />
We have made tremendous progress<br />
in the last three years. Our country<br />
has only been independent for eight<br />
years. I have shared some of the figures<br />
with you, but there are many<br />
other areas of achievement that are<br />
not quantifiable. They are not measurable,<br />
but they are equally important.<br />
We have been able to heal the<br />
wounds of our society, reconcile<br />
separate communities and heal the<br />
wounds between us and Indonesia<br />
with which we share a tragic history<br />
of 24 years. Today Timor-Leste and<br />
Indonesia enjoy the best possible<br />
relationship of any two neighbours.<br />
We have been able to build bridges<br />
with the entire region. We have established<br />
diplomatic relations with<br />
more than 100 countries. These are<br />
non-quantifiable, non-measurable<br />
achievements. Our people, in spite of<br />
the profound wounds of 24 years of<br />
occupation, do not harbour resentment<br />
towards anyone.<br />
These are our beliefs and our convictions.<br />
We are determined to live up to<br />
the expectations of our people and<br />
lead them towards a peaceful and<br />
prosperous future.<br />
May God, the Almighty and the merciful,<br />
bless us all.<br />
23
T<br />
imor-Leste, o novíssimo Estado<br />
do 3º Milénio é uma Nação<br />
antiga, entidade moral<br />
constituída por um conjunto<br />
de pessoas que se sentem unidas<br />
pela origem, ideais, aspirações e<br />
interesses comuns geradores da<br />
consciência nacional de Timor Leste.<br />
Naturalmente que o epíteto que lhe é<br />
apenso de Estado pós-conflito sugere<br />
de imediato a ideia de que Timor-<br />
Leste é, em resultado de experimentado<br />
e longo conflito, um Estado<br />
cuja sociedade se encontra em<br />
transformação e, em simultâneo, em<br />
necessária construção e reconstrução.<br />
Mas, nem por isso, daí transcorre<br />
a ideia de que a identidade<br />
nacional timorense apenas despontou<br />
com a independência do país.<br />
Em boa verdade se deve considerar<br />
que essa identidade operou como<br />
mola impulsionadora da luta dos<br />
timorenses e contribuiu definitivamente<br />
para o alcance da independência<br />
conseguida pela lúcida e<br />
racional utilização do sentimento de<br />
pertença comum da terra Timor e de<br />
irmandade entre todos os timorenses,<br />
numa manifestação positiva e<br />
coerente do nacionalismo timorense.<br />
São factores determinantes e necessários<br />
para a existência da Nação a<br />
história e a tradição, um passado comum,<br />
uma cultura própria, costumes<br />
e tradições ancestrais, a língua e a<br />
religião; a identidade nacional constrói-se,<br />
aprofunda-se e desenvolvese<br />
ajustando-se à forma como o Estado<br />
nos percebe enquanto cidadãos,<br />
de como o Estado nos transmite a<br />
ideia de que todos fazemos parte do<br />
Estado, todos somos parte da Nação;<br />
urge do Estado a declaração de<br />
vontade de fazer de todos os<br />
timorenses cidadãos e filhos dilectos<br />
da sua terra, estimulando o sentimento<br />
de pertença ao país, em<br />
cumprimento claro e inequívoco da<br />
Constituição da República no que<br />
respeita ao preceituado sobre a<br />
igualdade entre as pessoas e a igualdade<br />
entre estas e o Estado.<br />
Por outro lado, para além da vertente<br />
interna da afirmação da identidade<br />
nacional, é fundamental que Timor-<br />
Leste se afirme internacionalmente<br />
como Estado soberano difundindo a<br />
sua cultura, os seus costumes, a sua<br />
História, as suas tradições.<br />
Contribuímos para a construção e<br />
afirmação da Identidade Nacional<br />
através da nossa participação na<br />
reafirmação da Nação, pelas nossas<br />
decisões, pela forma como moldamos<br />
a sociedade, como educamos,<br />
24<br />
Natália Carrascalão<br />
Embaixadora em Portugal<br />
A Afirmação da Identidade Timorense<br />
Contribuições<br />
como fazemos cultura, como nos<br />
unimos, como nos manifestamos,<br />
com, rezamos e nos damos a conhecer,<br />
como respeitamos as nossas<br />
crenças, os valores, as minorias, as<br />
diversidades culturais e linguísticas<br />
e, finalmente, como nos comunicamos!<br />
Tendo em atenção o contexto<br />
sociocultural e linguístico a que não é<br />
alheia a situação geográfica de Timor<br />
-Leste, não será de somenos<br />
importância referir a importância da<br />
língua como símbolo identitário nacional<br />
por excelência, devendo, por<br />
isso mesmo, realçar a escolha lúcida<br />
pelos deputados à Assembleia Constituinte<br />
do tétum e do português<br />
como línguas nacional e oficial de<br />
Timor-Leste! Em conclusão, Timor-<br />
Leste é diferente, tem direito a um<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Diplomasia<br />
lugar próprio no Mundo porque,<br />
mercê da sua identidade nacional, se<br />
diferencia dos demais países. A<br />
essência do Estado-Nação Timor-<br />
Leste reside em nós próprios: é aquilo<br />
que nós somos, que valorizamos,<br />
sentimos, experimentamos e construímos,<br />
do que apreendemos pela<br />
educação.<br />
A nossa especificidade cultural e a<br />
nossa realidade histórica traçaram o<br />
nosso destino comum. Somos uma<br />
Nação multicultural, multi-linguística,<br />
enaltecemos os nossos costumes e<br />
as nossas tradições, respeitamos os<br />
nossos símbolos, os nossos anciãos,<br />
criamos a nossa literatura, a nossa<br />
música, difundimos a nossa terra,<br />
idealizamos - à nossa maneira - o<br />
nosso futuro enquanto Estado independente<br />
e soberano, pugnamos<br />
pela defesa e segurança do Estado<br />
soberano de Timor-Leste, interiorizamos<br />
o duplo valor da Religião Católica<br />
e do animismo e neles coabitamos<br />
pacificamente; soubemos reverter<br />
a nosso favor alguns aspectos<br />
herdados de séculos de ocupação<br />
estrangeira. Pertencemos a um lugar,<br />
comungamos orgulhosamente do<br />
sentimento de pertença à terra timorense,<br />
somos timorenses: Somos o<br />
elemento e a essência, somos a<br />
alma de Timor-Leste, de Timor-Leste<br />
nos imbuímos e daqui afirmamos e<br />
construímos a identidade nacional<br />
timorense.
Nelson Santos<br />
Embaixador ba UE<br />
U<br />
niaun Europeia (UE) hari<br />
nudar konsequencia Segunda<br />
Guerra munidal nebe<br />
baseia ba prinsipiu parseria<br />
social, enkonomika no politika<br />
hodi bele promove dame, demokrasia<br />
no prosperidade iha Europa. Parseria<br />
estadu membru hahu iha 1951, ho<br />
membru fundador nem.<br />
Ohin, sekulu 21, UE iha membru 27<br />
inkluindo Portugal, nebe representa<br />
poder ekonomikuu no politiku bot<br />
tebes iha mundo.<br />
Tan ne’e UE, iha papel importante<br />
tebes iha political internasional, liu liu<br />
ba area governansaun diak, seguransa,<br />
desenvolvimento ho hari dame.<br />
UE hanesan bloku politiku no<br />
ekonomiku hahu nia apoiu ba Timor-<br />
Leste desde 1999.<br />
Husi tempu transisaun 1999-2002 fo<br />
apoiu bot ba estabelizasaun, rekonstrusaun,<br />
dialogo, luta hatun kiak no<br />
mos fo apoiu humanitariu liu ba<br />
refugiados sira fila mai fali Timor-<br />
Leste. Para alem de, UE mos fo<br />
apoiu politiku makas iha forum multilateral<br />
seluk, liu-liu atraves de nia<br />
membru sira iha Konselho de Seguranca<br />
ho orgaun seluk importante<br />
Nacoes Unidas nian.<br />
Ohin loron, UE kontinua fo apoiu no<br />
kooperar makas nafatin ho Timor-<br />
Leste. Para alem de apoiu politiku,<br />
UE representa 5 dos maiores parseiros<br />
de desenvolvimento iha Timor-<br />
Leste. UE nia prioridade nebe servisu<br />
besik ho governu maka hanesan<br />
sektor: sekuransa alimentar, demokrasai,<br />
governasaun no kapasitasaun,<br />
desenvolvimento rural no sektor<br />
saude.<br />
Iha 2005, Timor-Leste nia Parlamentu<br />
Nasional ratifika Akordu Cotonou.<br />
Akordu ida neh, reforsa liu tan<br />
kooperasaun Timor-Leste ho UE. Liu<br />
husi akordu ne’e, Timor-Leste mos<br />
tama iha grupo ACP (Afrika, Karaibas<br />
no Pasifiku) nebe iha membru 78 ke<br />
bele hetan benefisiu husi fundu<br />
Europeu no mos bele hetan acesso<br />
favoravel ba produtu hotu excepto<br />
armamentus tama ba merkadu Europa.<br />
Akurdu Cotonou hanesan akordu<br />
parseria ACP-UE ho durasaun husi<br />
2000-2020. Akordu neh define parseria<br />
kompletu nebe baseia ba ai-rin/<br />
pilar nebe kaer ba malu: kooperasaun<br />
ba desenvolvimentu, kooperasaun<br />
ekonomika ho komersiu no promosaun<br />
iha area politika nebe efekti-<br />
Relasaun Timor-Leste ho Uniao Europeia<br />
vu liu. Atu hatudo importansia no reforsa<br />
nafatin relasuan UE ho Timor-<br />
Leste maka ita hari kedas ita nia<br />
Embaixada hamutuk ho UE desde<br />
hahu ita nia restauransaun independensia,<br />
Maio 2002.<br />
Ohin loron, Embaixada/Missao Timor<br />
-Leste kontinua servisu makas atu<br />
hametin nafatin relasaun diak entre<br />
UE ho Timor-Leste.<br />
UE mos atu hametin liu tan relasaun,<br />
hari nia delegasaun permanente iha<br />
Timor-Leste.<br />
Iha 2007 atraves de assinatura MoU,<br />
governo Timor-Leste fo “Casa Europa”<br />
ba Komisaun Europeia.<br />
Iha 2008, EU ho TL assina addenda<br />
dokumen-to estratejiku ba pais no<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Diplomasia<br />
programa indikativu (2008-2013)<br />
nebe aumenta tan apoiu Euro 18<br />
miliaun.<br />
Hanesan, futuro Embaixador Timor-<br />
Leste ba UE, hau nia prioridade bot<br />
maka atu hametin nafatin amizade no<br />
valores nebe existe iha entre TL ho<br />
UE, liu-liu halo buat hotu para TL<br />
naran bele diak nafatin entre estadus<br />
membrus.<br />
Katak ita bele nasaun kik, kiak no<br />
estratejikamente dok husi poltika<br />
internasional mai be ita mos iha fatin<br />
iha politika internasional. Timor-Leste<br />
labele sente isolado husi rai seluk.<br />
Prioridade ita tan maka kuda nafatin<br />
amizade diak ho estadu membrus<br />
hanesan Portugal, Irlanda, nebe desde<br />
uluk tempu resistensia sempre hatudu<br />
sira nia preokupasaun, solidadiredade<br />
no fo apoiu ba ita.<br />
Atraves de amigos sira, ita tende servisu<br />
makas atu bele hametin nafatin<br />
ita nia interesse iha orgaun 3 importante<br />
hanesan Parlamentu Europeu,<br />
Komisaun no Koselhu Europeu.<br />
Timor-Leste hanesan rai kik tende<br />
aproveita fatin hanesan UE atu bele<br />
nafatin avansa nia interesse nacional.<br />
Atu bele kuda iha estadu membros<br />
no mos ho amigo sira, consolidasasaun<br />
ita nia independensia no halo<br />
Timor-Leste nia presensa diak iha<br />
UE.<br />
Ikus liu, Timor-Leste ho UE (membros),<br />
apesar de geograficamente<br />
dok malu, ita iha valores fundamentais<br />
nebe hanesan no proteje iha<br />
Constituicao.<br />
Valores sira ne maka ita nia fiar metin<br />
ba democracia, direitos humanos,<br />
justica, dame no prosperidade iha<br />
mundo tomak.<br />
25
R<br />
elasaun entre Timor-Leste<br />
ho Australia hahu kedas iha<br />
bei ala sira nia tempo nebe<br />
ema husi Timor no rai kiik<br />
sira haleu Timor hanessan Makassar<br />
halu contrato no ligasaun amizade ho<br />
ema rain na’in Aborigene iha rai<br />
Australia. Ligasaun iha tempo ikus<br />
maka iha funo Mundial 2 iha 1942<br />
nebe tropa Australia halo funo hasoru<br />
tropa Japones Iha Timor-Leste. Fotografia<br />
iha sorin hatudo katuas na’in<br />
rua Senhor Paddy Kenneally ho Senhor<br />
Rufino Correia halu belun no<br />
hametin sira nia amizade iha funo<br />
laran. Iha funo Mundial 2 ne’e Tropa<br />
Australia ema 500 nune maka halo<br />
funo hasoru tropa Japones besik<br />
20.000. Tropa Australia la dun lakon<br />
ema. Timor oan lakun ema 40.000<br />
resin, retaliasaun husi tropa Japones<br />
tan ba deit fo tulun ba belun Australiano<br />
sira.<br />
Povo Australia la haluha sacrificio<br />
nebe Timor oan halo ba Australia<br />
maibe iha 1975 historia lau oin seluk.<br />
Sentimento povo nia la sura bain hira<br />
governo halo decisaun geo-politica<br />
tuir politica mundial iha tempo neba<br />
(guerra fria) funo malirin. Iha 1999,<br />
ONU halo referendum, povo Timor-<br />
Leste hili independencia. Milicia tuir<br />
kedas ho violencia o’ho ema no halo<br />
destruisaun ba infra-estruturas. Povo<br />
Australia rihun ba rihun sai ba<br />
estrada hanessan mos povo husi rai<br />
barak hanessan Portugal halu manifestasaun<br />
huso intervensaun militar<br />
hodi atu hapara violencia. Resultado,<br />
INTERFET lidera husi Australia tama<br />
iha Timor-Leste hodi hapara violencia<br />
hametin paz no seguransa. Relasaun<br />
entre Timor-Leste ho Austalia ohin<br />
26<br />
Abel Guterres<br />
Embaixador ba Australia<br />
Relasaun Timor-Leste ho Australia<br />
loron lau diak tetebes. Iha coperasaun<br />
Seguransa, Economico no Socio<br />
Cultural. Iha Maio 2002 hafoin<br />
restaurasaun ba Independencia Timor-Leste<br />
oficialmente estabelece<br />
relações diplomáticas ho Australia.<br />
Iha 2003 Timor-Leste loke Embaixada<br />
iha Canberra no Consulado Geral<br />
iha Sydney. Comunidade Timor<br />
oan hela iha Australia besik 20.000,<br />
barak liu hela iha cidades Melbourne<br />
no Sydney. Copersaun económico<br />
boot liu maka Timor-Leste ho Australia<br />
fahe receitas husi explorasaun<br />
mina no gas iha tasi Timor JPDA tuir<br />
tratado bolu Timor Sea Treaty. Horas<br />
ne’e daudaun Timor-Leste simu ona<br />
receitas husi Bayu Undan nebe pipe<br />
line ba iha Darwin. Explorasaun gas<br />
husi Greater Sunrise Timor-Leste<br />
hakarak pipeline ba iha Timor-Leste.<br />
Negociasaun lau hela atu hetan<br />
acordo ba assunto ne’e. Timor-Leste<br />
além de halo coperasaun ho Governo<br />
Federal husi agencia ajuda ba desenvolvimento<br />
AusAid, TL halo mos<br />
coperasaun ho Estados sira hanessan<br />
Victoria, South Australia, New<br />
South Wales, Western Australia, Tasmania,<br />
Queensland, Australian Capi-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Diplomasia<br />
tal Territory no Northern Territory.<br />
Timor-Leste halo mos relasaun amizade<br />
ho Governos Locais nebe bolu<br />
Friendship Cities. Autarquias no<br />
comunidades 50 resin iha Australia<br />
maka halo ona ligasaun amizade ho<br />
Distrito 13 iha Timor-Leste. Relasaun<br />
amizade ne’e Distrito sira simu tulun<br />
buat barak incluindo halibur iha conferencia<br />
ida Iha 2008 iha Dili no<br />
Workshop iha Maubisse iha tinan ida<br />
ne’e 2010. S.E. Presidente da Republica<br />
ba kua lian iha halibur rua<br />
ne’e. Relasaun amizade entre escolas,<br />
bolu Friendship Schools. Escolas<br />
100 resin iha Australia laran maka<br />
halo amizade ho escolas sira iha<br />
Timor laran nebe estudantes sira<br />
hakerek surat ba malu no mos fo tulun<br />
ruma, fotografia iha okos hatudo.<br />
Organizações barak husi ONGs Igrejas,<br />
Sindicatos, Rotarios, Leões, ema<br />
individual no instituições educasaun,<br />
saude no seluk tan fo tulun mos.<br />
Consolidasaun iha Seguransa no<br />
Paz, Democracia no Prosperidade<br />
Económica sei fo esperansa no futuro<br />
nabilan ba povo Timor-Leste.<br />
Husi Australia, TL sei simu turista<br />
barak no investimento.
N<br />
icolau dos Reis Lobato<br />
moris-mai loron-24, fulan-<br />
Maiu, tinan-1946, iha<br />
Sasatan-Oan, Aitara-Hun,<br />
Soibada, Postu Laklubar, Distritu<br />
Manatuto. Ninia aman maka Narciso<br />
Manuel Lobato, hosi Leorema, Postu<br />
Bazartete, Distritu Liquisá, no inan<br />
maka Felismina Alves Lobato, hosi<br />
Malurukumu / Makadike, Postu<br />
Uatolari, Distritu Vikeke. Ninia abómane<br />
hosi inan maka Domingos da<br />
Costa Alves, hosi Samoro, Soibada,<br />
uluk katekista iha Uatolari no tan ne’e<br />
maka ninia inan moris-mai iha<br />
Malurukumu / Makadike.<br />
Ninia aman no inan hetan oan sanulu<br />
-resin-tolu: 1º Nicolau dos Reis<br />
Lobato nu’udar oan-boot, no, tatuir,<br />
2º António Bosco Lobato, 3º Rogério<br />
Tiago de Fátima Lobato, 4º Maria<br />
Cesaltina Francisca Alves Lobato, 5º<br />
Januário do Carmo Alves Lobato, 6º<br />
Domingos Cassiano Maria da Silva<br />
Lobato, 7º Luis Francisco de<br />
Assunção Alves Lobato, 8º Silvestre<br />
Lobato, 9º Madalena de Canossa<br />
Alves Lobato, 10º Elga Maria do<br />
Rosário Alves Lobato, 11º Jose<br />
Bernardo Alves Lobato, 12º Silvestre<br />
Agostinho Alves Lobato no 13º Elisa<br />
Maria Lobato.<br />
Hosi oan lubun hirak ne’e Rogério<br />
Tiago de Fátima Lobato de’it maka<br />
sei moris hela. Sira-nia aman hetan<br />
moras no mate loron-26, fulan-Abril,<br />
tinan-1976, iha Leorema. Sira-nia<br />
inan hetan mate hosi ema mahohok<br />
iha foho Maubere, Laklubar, fulan-<br />
Jullu, tinan-1979. Oan Silvestre<br />
Lobato maka mate iha inan nia kabun<br />
-laran no oan sira seluk hetan mate<br />
iha okupasaun nia laran bainhira sira<br />
funu hodi timór hetan nia ukun-rasikan.<br />
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato sai-boot to’o<br />
tinan 13 iha Soibada, no iha ne’ebá<br />
maka nia hala’o ninia eskola primária<br />
iha Colégio Nuno Alvares Pereira,<br />
hamutuk ho kolega balu hanesan<br />
Amo-Bispo Alberto da Silva Ricardo<br />
no sira-rua sei hala’o eskola hamutuk<br />
iha Seminário Menor de Nossa<br />
Senhora de Fátima, iha Dare, no ihane’ebá<br />
nia ramata kursu tinan-lima<br />
hodi haksa’e matenek iha eskola ho<br />
rohan di’ak iha dixiplina oioin liuliu iha<br />
lian portugés no matemátika.<br />
Horiuluk kedas nia la’o sorin metin ho<br />
nia alin António no Rogério maibé,<br />
iha tempu ne’ebá, nia mós la’o sorinsorin<br />
ho maluk António Cesaltino<br />
Osório Soares, Abílio Osório Soares,<br />
Luís Viana do Carmo no João Bosco<br />
Prezidente<br />
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato-I<br />
Knananuk ne’ebé hasa’e ba<br />
Prezidente<br />
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato<br />
Hakerek hosi: Mali Leto<br />
Dadolin hosi: Mau Bais<br />
Hakerek tiha iha Moçambique<br />
iha tinan-1979<br />
Prezidente, Prezidente<br />
Kamarada Nicolau<br />
Ó-nia mate malorek mai ami<br />
Tan ó hasoru sira-ne’ebé<br />
hanehan ita<br />
Ho aten-barani ó mate<br />
Ó monu iha funu no ó-nia<br />
naran boot ona<br />
Ó husik mai ami hotu ó-nia banati<br />
Nu’udar matadalan no loron ida ami sei<br />
manán<br />
Prezidente, Prezidente<br />
Kamarada Nicolau<br />
Ó-nia banati hanesan fini ida<br />
Mai hosi ita-nia revolusaun<br />
Maske ó laiha ona ami sei la’o<br />
ba oin nafatin<br />
Ami sei la’o to’o rohan ne’ebé de’it<br />
Ó-nia hala’ok ami sei ramata<br />
Ami sei halo ita-nia mehi hamosu<br />
do Carmo, nu’udar viziñu no oan hosi<br />
Mestre Fernando Soares no José do<br />
Carmo.<br />
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato simu<br />
batizmu iha Paróquia da Imaculada<br />
Conceição iha Soibada, Misaun<br />
Katólica ho naran hanesan, hosi Amo<br />
Januário Coelho da Silva. Fulgêncio<br />
dos Reis Ornay, Liurai hosi Fehuc<br />
Rin, Barike, no ninia aman nia kolega<br />
rasik, maka sai nu’udar aman-sarani.<br />
Bainhira nia sei ki’ikoan nia hetan<br />
hahilik hodi sai hanesan anju ida iha<br />
peregrinasaun estátua de Nossa<br />
Senhora de Fátima nian mai Timór,<br />
iha tinan-1951. Nia simu ninia<br />
formasaun tomak, tuir fiar kreda<br />
katóliku nian, iha Soibada no tatuir<br />
iha Dare. Nia hakfila ba nu’udar<br />
devotu Nossa Senhora Aitara no lori<br />
subar estátua Na’i-Feto nian iha fatin<br />
ida naran Anin Kuak, iha Soibada,<br />
atu ema aat labele estraga. Iha funu<br />
nia laran nia sori Na’i Lulik katóliku<br />
sira no hakbesik Amo Francisco<br />
Tavares, ohin-loron Pároku iha<br />
Ainaru.<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Biografia<br />
Atu hatebes nia fiar kreda katóliku<br />
nian, ita hanoin de’it katak, bainhira<br />
hamosu invazaun militár indonézia no<br />
sira tenke hakiduk no halai ba foho,<br />
nia hakat liu dare no husu ba Amo<br />
Ricardo Alberto da Silva atu harohan<br />
missa ida lai hodi hanoin Timor-<br />
Leste. Hafoin ramata missa ne’ebá,<br />
molok halai tama ai-laran, nia dehan<br />
ba nia kolega nune’e: “ ha’u mate<br />
karik, harohan missa ida ba ha’u<br />
”.Bainhira rona nia mate, ninia kolega<br />
harohan duni missa ida hodi husu tuir<br />
rohan di’ak ba nia klamar.<br />
Tan nia lakohi haktuir moris nu’udar<br />
na’i-lulik nia sai hosi Semináriu iha<br />
tinan-1965. Iha Semináriu nia hetan<br />
hahilik hosi Reitór hodi sa’e nu’udar<br />
xefe kolega seminarista sira-nian ba<br />
tinan tolu no iha tempu ne’ebá maka<br />
nia hatudu ninia kbiit nu’udar ema,<br />
xefe no desportista. Hafoin sai hosi<br />
Semináriu, Nicolau Lobato iha mehi<br />
boot ida atu bá estuda iha Eskola<br />
Direitu iha Universidade Coimbra, iha<br />
Portugal. Maibé, nia aman hetan<br />
moras no nia tenke hela hodi tau<br />
matan ba alin kiik sira no nia mós la<br />
simu tulun hosi governu Portugal nian<br />
atu bá eskola iha rai ne’ebá. Maske<br />
nune’e, nia buka hetan matenek<br />
liután no tama iha Liceu hodi haklean<br />
iha dixiplina Filosofia nian, OPAN –<br />
Organizasaun Polítika no Administrativa<br />
Nasaun nian no lian-portugés,<br />
ho di’ak no natoon atubele tama<br />
iha Universidade.<br />
Bainhira nia mai Díli, hafoin sai hosi<br />
Semináriu, nia bá hela iha nia tio<br />
Arlindo da Costa Tilman no tia Lídia<br />
Boavida nia uma iha Bidau no tio sira<br />
-ne’e simu no kuidadu nia hanesan<br />
oan ida. Tan Bidau ne’ebá besik hela<br />
Amo Bispo nia uma iha Lesidere<br />
maka, domingo-domingo, nia la falta<br />
misa ne’ebé Amo Bispo Dom Jaime<br />
Garcia Goulart rasik maka selebra.<br />
Iha tinan-1966 nia tama ba servisu<br />
militár portugés no hala’o treinamentu<br />
liuhosi kursu sarjentu milisianu nian<br />
no hetan klasifikasaun ho di’akliu,<br />
nu’udar dahuluk, tatuir maka João<br />
Carrascalão nu’udar daruak no<br />
Moisés da Costa Sarmento nu’udar<br />
datoluk. Ikusmai Sarmento kaben tiha<br />
ho nia alin-feto Maria Cesaltina<br />
Franscisca Alves Lobato no sira-rua<br />
hetan mate hosi ema mahohok iha<br />
Ratahu, Vikeke, tinan-1979.Nia<br />
hala’o ninia misaun militár dahuluk<br />
iha Bazartete.<br />
Hafoin, nia hakat aas liu ba pozisaun<br />
Furiel Milisianu no fila fali ba Dili atu<br />
hala’o servisu militár iha Companhia<br />
27
Presidência da República<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Poster
Presidência da República<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Poster
de Caçadores nº15 iha Kaikoli. Ninia<br />
knaar maka nu’udar responsável ba<br />
sosa no kontrola hahán ba kuartel<br />
tomak. Iha kuartel ne’ebá maka nia<br />
hasoru ho ema ida hosi Moçambique,<br />
primeiru-sarjentu ida ho naran<br />
Timane, ne’ebé ko’alia-sai ba Nicolau<br />
kona-ba sira-nia luta hodi buka ukunrasik-an<br />
ba Moçambique. Liutiha<br />
tempu servisu militár nia fila fali ba<br />
vida sivil no iha tinan-1968 nia hetan<br />
servisu iha Missão Agronómica de<br />
Timor.<br />
Iha fatin-ne’e nia hasoru ho ema<br />
tékniku ida hosi Cabo Verde ho naran<br />
Marcelino no sira-rua ko’alia barak<br />
kona-ba luta libertasaun nasionál ba<br />
Guiné-Bisau no Cabo Verde. Ho<br />
nune’e maka nia hahú lee subarsubar<br />
livru balu kona-ba luta<br />
libertasaun ba kolónia Portugal nian<br />
iha Afrika.<br />
Hosi Missão Agronómica de Timor<br />
nia hakat to’o Repartição das<br />
Finanças liuhosi konkursu, hodi hetan<br />
knaar nu’udar 3º Ofisiál.<br />
Ho knaar ne’e nia tau matan no<br />
haree tuir lala’ok kona-ba selu<br />
funsionáriu sira-nia saláriu fulanfulan.<br />
Nicolau Lobato hetan moris foun<br />
bainhira servisu iha Repartição das<br />
Finanças tan iha servisu-fatin ne’ebá<br />
nia haree-hetan Isabel Barreto no<br />
sira-rua kaben iha tinan-1972 iha<br />
kapela Bazartete no halo festa iha<br />
Laulema, iha noiva nia uma.<br />
Amo Simplício do Menino Jesus, n’ailulik<br />
ida hosi Goa no iha tempu<br />
ne’ebá nu’udar Pároko Likisá, maka<br />
fó sakramentu kaben ba sira-rua.<br />
Hosi relasaun-kaben ne’e maka sira<br />
hetan oan-mane ida naran José<br />
Maria Barreto Lobato.<br />
Tuirfalimai, José Gonçalves no<br />
Olímpia Barreto hakiak sira-nia oan<br />
ne’e ne’ebé hanaran foun hanesan<br />
José Maria Barreto Lobato<br />
Gonçalves.<br />
Nicolau nia kaben, Isabel Barreto<br />
30<br />
Prezidente<br />
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato-II<br />
Lobato, hetan mate hosi mahohok<br />
indonéziu sira iha ponte-kais Dili iha<br />
loron-7, fulan-dezembru, tinan-1975,<br />
loron ne’ebé indonézia hahú tama rai<br />
-timór.<br />
Nu’udar desportista nia hala’o jogu<br />
voleiból, basketból no futeból maibé<br />
iha futeból maka nia hala’o diak liután<br />
ba dala uluk iha Clube Desportivo da<br />
União no, liutiha, iha Associação<br />
Académica de Timor.<br />
Iha tinan-1974 nia klaran, tatuir<br />
Revolução dos Cravos de 25 de Abril<br />
iha Portugal, Nicolau dos Reis Lobato<br />
soe nia servisu atubele fó-an tomak<br />
ba harii ASDT / FRETILIN hodi<br />
hanoin oinsá atu hetan libertasaun<br />
nasionál ba Timor-Leste.<br />
Bainhira hafila ASDT ba FRETILIN<br />
iha loron-11, fulan-setembru, tinan-<br />
1974, nia simu knaar nu’udar Vise-<br />
Prezidente.<br />
Nu’udar Vise-Prezidente, bainhira<br />
Prezidente Xavier do Amaral laiha,<br />
Nicolau Lobato maka komanda<br />
FRETILIN hodi hasoru UDT ataka iha<br />
loron-11, fulan-agostu, tinan-1975.<br />
Ne’e be, hala’ok balu mós tuirfilamai<br />
hanesan :<br />
1. Iha kalan 11-agostu-1975, ho tulun<br />
hosi Marí Alkatiri, Alarico Fernandes<br />
no Mau Lear, hamutuk ho membru<br />
hosi CCF, nia komanda grupu ne’e<br />
atu sai hosi Díli.<br />
2. Iha loron 13-agostu-1975, tama tán<br />
foho laran bá Aileu no Ai-Sirimou.<br />
3. Iha Ai-Sirimou, iha CCF nia oin, nia<br />
bá to’o Kuartel Aileu hodi ko’alia ho<br />
soldadu timóroan sira hodi hato’o ba<br />
sira kona-ba situasaun polítika no<br />
militár iha tempu ne’ebá.<br />
4. Iha loron 15-agostu-1975, tan<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Biografia<br />
Prezidente FRETILIN la iha, Nicolau<br />
ho Marí Alkatiri hamutuk ho membru<br />
sira hosi CCF, foti-sa’e povu atu tama<br />
iha revolta popular nu’udar planu<br />
estratéjiku ida no, iha loron hanesan,<br />
nafatin ho Mari Alkatiri, Alarico<br />
Fernandes no membru sira hosi<br />
CCF, harii no hatuur tiha FALINTIL.<br />
5. Iha loron 17-agostu-1975, liuhosi<br />
hala’ok ida-ne’ebé hametin tiha ona<br />
uluk kedas ho soldadu no sarjentu<br />
timóroan sira, nia hale’u Companhia<br />
de Aileu no militár portugés sira<br />
entrega komando kompañia ne’ebá<br />
ba timóroan sira (Sargento José<br />
Silva);<br />
6. Hosi loron ne’ebá ba oin Nicolau<br />
Lobato maka komanda prosesu<br />
operasionál polítiku no militár hodi<br />
hasoru UDT ataka.<br />
7. Hosi fulan-setembru to’o fulannovembru<br />
Nicolau Lobato hasa’e-an<br />
hodi hatudu ninia hala’ok kona-ba<br />
estratéjia polítika no militár.<br />
Maibé, nia temi nafatin no beibeik<br />
de’it katak Portugal tenke fila hodi<br />
ramata prosesu deskolonizasaun<br />
nian no buka hetan mós dalan ida<br />
ne’ebé halo timóroan sira hotu<br />
hasoru malu iha dalan klaran atubele<br />
hadi’ak konflitu polítiku.<br />
8. Maske haka’as-an maka’as sei la<br />
biban hetan rohan di’ak maka halo<br />
Nicolau Lobato haklalak iha loron-28,<br />
fulan-novembru, tinan-1975, Proklamasaun<br />
Unilaterál Independénsia<br />
Timor-Leste nian.<br />
9. Iha Governu ne’ebé hamosu hosi<br />
Proklamasaun ne’ebá Nicolau simu<br />
knaar nu’udar Primeiru Ministru.<br />
10. Iha tinan-1977, tanba problema<br />
hirak ne’ebé buras tiha iha Fretilin nia<br />
leet, Nicolau hetan hahilik atu hala’o<br />
knaar nu’udar Prezidente Fretilin<br />
nian, hamutuk ho knaar Prezidente<br />
Repúblika nian no Komandante-Xefe<br />
FALINTIL nian.<br />
11. Iha loron-31, fulan-Dezembru,<br />
tinan-1978, iha funu nia laran,<br />
bainhira tiru bá tiru mai, nia mate iha<br />
foho-leet ida naran Mindelo, besik<br />
Maubisi, Turiskai no Manufahi.
Hernani Coelho<br />
Xefe Gabinete Adjunto - PR<br />
I<br />
ha Fulan Setembru liu ba, Presidente<br />
Timor-Leste lidera delegasauan<br />
Timor-Leste nian ba<br />
partisipa iha encontro dala 65<br />
Asembleia Geral Nasoen Unidas nebe<br />
halao iha Nova Yorke, nudar base<br />
Nasoens Unidas nian.<br />
Asembleia Geral Nasoen Unidas (AG<br />
-ONU) hahu iha 1945 tuir Charter of<br />
the United Nations nudar orgaun<br />
deliberativu Organizasaun Nasoens<br />
Unidas (ONU).<br />
Desizaun importante hanesan iha<br />
area paz no seguransa, simu<br />
membru foun, orsamentu, presi-za<br />
iha aprovasaun husi dois tersus<br />
membrus sira nian ba asuntu seluk<br />
maioria simples sufisiente onan.<br />
Kada membru ida iha direitu ba voto<br />
ida, la hare ba rai kik e ka bo’ot. ONU<br />
iha hamutuk 192 membrus, Timor-<br />
Leste ofisialmente tama nudar membru<br />
iha 27 Setembru 2002.<br />
AG-ONU iha komite prinsipal nen: komite<br />
desarmamentu non seguransa<br />
internasional, komite ekonomia non<br />
finansa, komite asuntus sosiais, kulturais<br />
non humanitarius, komite deskolonizasaun<br />
non politika espesial, ko<br />
-mite adminsitrasaun non orsamentu,<br />
komite ba asuntus legais.<br />
Iha sesaun tinan 2010 ne’e iha “High<br />
Level Segment” hat nebe halo revisaun<br />
ba Objektivus Desenvolvimentu<br />
Mileniun nian, Biodiversidade, implementasaun<br />
Mauritius Strategy - programa<br />
aksaun ba desenvolvimentu<br />
sustentavel iha Small Island Developing<br />
States non Debate Geral.<br />
Iha nia intervensaun, Presidente Dr.<br />
José Ramos-Horta koalian konan ba<br />
toleransia religiosa, konan ba desenvolvimentu<br />
ekonomiku no hamenus<br />
kiak, governasaun diak, direitus hu-<br />
Prezidente Republika<br />
iha Oganizasaun Nasoens Unidas<br />
manus, feto no jovens, justisa no<br />
kompaixaun, konan ba nesesidade<br />
atu liberta Kubanu nain lima nabe sei<br />
prezo hela iha Amerika, konan ba situasaun<br />
iha Myanmar no prizaun<br />
domisiliaria Senhora Daw Aung Suu<br />
Kjie, konflitu Israel-Palestina, Western<br />
Sahara non mudansa klimatika<br />
iha mundu.<br />
Presidente mos hato katak la konkorda<br />
ho konklusaun nebe Presi-<br />
dente Iran nian halo konan ba atake<br />
terorista ba World Trade Center.<br />
Intersante atu hare katak mesmu ke<br />
pais barak maka la konkorda ho lia<br />
fuan Presidente Iran nian, sira ida la<br />
foti lian iha plenaria, so Timor deit<br />
maka koalia sai.<br />
Presidente reknohese katak meta<br />
balun husi objektivu desenvolvimentu<br />
mileniun nian karik Timor se la atinji,<br />
tamba Timor foin maka hetan hikas<br />
nia independensia iha tinan 2002,<br />
maibe balun, hanesan mortalidade<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Diplomasia<br />
infantil, Timor atinji tiha onan.<br />
Timor konsegue buat barak iha tinan<br />
walu nian laran liu husi programas<br />
nebe agresivu iha finansiamentu<br />
publiku non programas de asistensia<br />
ba ema katuas non ferik sira.<br />
Ba rai riku sira Presidente apela atu<br />
sira bele hare hikas dalan nebe sira<br />
uza lori fo asistensia ba rai kiak sira,<br />
tamba to agora ajudas hirak ne ladun<br />
fo resultadu nebe diak.<br />
Premiu Nobel da Paz ne mos husu<br />
ba rai riku sira atu kasu tiha tusan rai<br />
kiak sira nian.<br />
Konan ba reforma iha ONU, ita nia<br />
Presidente hateten katak to tempu<br />
ona atu ONU hare hikas fali nia a’an<br />
atu halu nian bele representativu no<br />
efektivu liu ta’an, ba Konselhu<br />
Seguransa Presidente hanoin katak<br />
laiha razaun ba ONU atu la akomoda<br />
forsa regional non global foun nebe<br />
komesa mosu hanesan India ho<br />
Brazil.<br />
31
P<br />
eacebuilding is a topic that<br />
has been the focus of much<br />
discussion by the United<br />
Nations and Governments in<br />
recent years and it is particularly relevant<br />
for Timor-Leste at this stage of<br />
its history. Peacebuilding involves a<br />
range of measures targeted to reduce<br />
the risk of relapsing into conflict by<br />
strengthening national capacities at<br />
all levels for conflict management,<br />
and to lay the foundations for sustainable<br />
peace and development. Peacebuilding<br />
is a partnership between the<br />
national authorities and the international<br />
community; the roles are different<br />
depending on the situation in a<br />
given country and they evolve over<br />
time, but in order to be sustainable<br />
the process requires strong national<br />
leadership and buy-in. Over the past<br />
few years, we have seen strong leadership<br />
by the Timorese Government<br />
and the international partners, such<br />
as the UN, have aligned behind the<br />
Government’s priorities and initiatives<br />
– and great progress has been<br />
achieved on all fronts.<br />
I am glad to have the opportunity to<br />
use this space to reflect on some of<br />
the concepts that in my view are crucial<br />
for all those involved in peacebuilding,<br />
national and international<br />
actors alike: institutions, capacitybuilding,<br />
ownership, values and principles,<br />
and a long-term perspective.<br />
Building effective and resilient state<br />
institutions is the single most necessary<br />
(although not sufficient) condition<br />
for long-lasting, sustainable<br />
peace in a post-conflict situation.<br />
National leaders dedicated to the<br />
common good are of course essential;<br />
however it is only one of the<br />
foundations upon which to build a<br />
successful State. For their long-term<br />
stability, states must be founded on<br />
relatively permanent institutions, to<br />
ensure systematic problem-solving<br />
and policy development, so that functioning<br />
mechanisms and channels will<br />
be in place in the long-term. In Timor-<br />
Leste, the crisis of 2006 that gave<br />
rise to a new peacekeeping mandate<br />
was essentially a failure of state institutions.<br />
One of the greatest successes<br />
in the post-crisis period is that<br />
the population and political parties<br />
alike have shown a willingness to reinvest<br />
their confidence in those institutions:<br />
the 2007 elections had a very<br />
high participation, barely a year after<br />
violence in the streets; those elections<br />
led to the peaceful transfer of<br />
power; and the political opposition<br />
has participated fully and actively in<br />
32<br />
Finn Reske-Nielsen<br />
Deputy SRSG<br />
Post-conflict Peacebuilding:<br />
contemporary challenges and the way forward<br />
* photo UNMIT Mertine Perret<br />
the Parliament, has turned to the<br />
courts to resolve disputes and has<br />
cooperated with national and local<br />
administration.<br />
Institutions are not formed merely of<br />
bricks and mortar, organization charts<br />
and payrolls; they are made up of<br />
human beings, and therefore institution-building<br />
is essentially capacitybuilding.<br />
The key to capacity-building,<br />
I believe, is being realistic, no matter<br />
how daunting the task may be.<br />
If it is going to take 20 years, realistically,<br />
before a reliable national judicial<br />
capacity can be developed, there<br />
is no point in giving it five years and<br />
hoping for the best, contenting ourselves<br />
with short-term measure because<br />
that is all that seems “doable”.<br />
Another aspect of being realistic, of<br />
course, is to conduct and accept an<br />
honest assessment of existing capacity,<br />
and not shy away from outsourcing<br />
where it is required; however, as<br />
soon as possible, activities need to<br />
be carried out by national actors to<br />
ensure national leadership and sustainability.<br />
Ownership is the key to all<br />
post-conflict peacebuilding, not only<br />
in terms of short-term buy-in and legitimacy,<br />
but also in terms of longterm<br />
sustainability. Very often the<br />
biggest constraint to ownership is<br />
limited capacity and the primary objective<br />
of capacity-building must<br />
therefore be to develop the capacity<br />
for ownership, at every level.<br />
But the most important aspect of capacity<br />
building is more difficult to address:<br />
values and principles. Skills<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
training in the absence of buy-in for<br />
the fundamental principles of responsive,<br />
accountable and transparent<br />
governance, rule of law, human<br />
rights, is not self-sustaining. In the<br />
face of a serious challenge, where<br />
there is pressure to deviate from institutional<br />
values or a need to improvise<br />
something new, only true internalization<br />
of those values can provide the<br />
members of an institution with the<br />
means to be effective. The response<br />
to the crisis in February 2008, which<br />
was fully in line with the constitutional<br />
and legislative framework, was a very<br />
positive sign.<br />
Finally, the establishment of sustainable<br />
peace is a long-term goal. Of<br />
course, there is a need to act quickly<br />
and effectively in the immediate aftermath<br />
of conflict, to take advantage of<br />
a narrow window of opportunity. In<br />
this regard, the statistics are daunting:<br />
around 30 percent of countries<br />
emerging from conflict relapse within<br />
five years. Delivering quick and tangible<br />
results is important in building<br />
confidence and support for the efforts<br />
to move a country ahead after a conflict.<br />
However, it is important to balance<br />
the need for quick impact and<br />
dividends with the need to keep the<br />
long-term capacity-building on the<br />
front burner.<br />
In Timor-Leste, the UN has been<br />
working alongside the Government<br />
and other partners for a number of<br />
years; the time is approaching for UN<br />
peacekeeping to scale down and<br />
eventually exit. I believe that strong<br />
foundations for durable peace and<br />
prosperity have been laid and we<br />
must spend the anticipated remaining<br />
two years of peacekeeping constructively<br />
to help ensure that, under the<br />
leadership of the Government and<br />
with the support of the international<br />
community, peacebuilding in Timor-<br />
Leste will indeed confirm to be a successful<br />
endeavour.
Fu Yuancong<br />
China Ambassador<br />
Long Standing Relationship China and Timor-Leste<br />
T<br />
he well-established relationship<br />
between China and<br />
Timor-Leste has a long history.<br />
China sided with the<br />
Timorese people with sympathy and<br />
support during their struggle for national<br />
independence. China is proud<br />
to be the first country establishing<br />
diplomatic ties with Timor-Leste after<br />
its founding.<br />
The past 8 years have witnessed a<br />
closer bilateral relationship in all<br />
fields, evidenced by China’s assistance,<br />
for Timor’s nation building and<br />
social developmental. Good cooperation<br />
between our two countries can<br />
be found in fields of infrastructure,<br />
agriculture, public health, education,<br />
capacity building, social solidarity and<br />
public security.<br />
As a matter of fact, we are helping<br />
Timor to the best of our capability.<br />
The Foreign Ministry’s Office Building<br />
and the Presidential Palace are<br />
standing there, over 700 Timorese<br />
civil servants and technical personnel<br />
have received occasional training in<br />
China so far, and up to 21 students<br />
enjoyed the Chinese Government<br />
Scholarship. The hybrid rice project in<br />
Manatuto has yielded bumper harvest<br />
for several seasons.<br />
As for public health, has four medical<br />
teams dispatched from China have<br />
successively offered treatment to local<br />
patients for more than 150,000<br />
person-times. Over 320 Chinese police<br />
officers, men and women alike,<br />
have served in 15 batches under the<br />
UN Peacekeeping Mission.<br />
The Chinese Government also provided<br />
Timor-Leste with a number of<br />
material supplies, including food, edible<br />
oil, farm machinery, seeds, pesti-<br />
cides, fishing gears, medicine, mosquito<br />
nets, wheelchairs, sporting<br />
goods, police uniforms, communication<br />
equipment, etc..<br />
The year 2010 is a fruitful year for our<br />
deepened bilateral relationship characterized<br />
by frequent high-level visits.<br />
In April, H.E. Vice Prime Minister<br />
Guterres attended the Boao Forum<br />
for Asia. In July, H.E. President Horta<br />
hosted the National Pavilion Day for<br />
Timor-Leste in Shanghai Expo, the<br />
first time ever for Timor-Leste to be<br />
represented in the World Expo as an<br />
independent nation, and to show its<br />
socio-economic progress, beautiful<br />
landscape and unique cultural heritage.<br />
The Timorese Parliamentary delegation<br />
composed of two committees,<br />
and PNTL Commissioner Mr. Monteiro<br />
paid a friendly visit to China in<br />
July as well. Furthermore, the Chinese<br />
Government announced a gradual<br />
zero tariff treatment for Timorese<br />
goods exported to China as from 1 st<br />
July, an important step to promote<br />
mutual trade and economic cooperation.<br />
The Residential Quarter for F-<br />
FDTL officers, the Office Building for<br />
Defense Ministry and the primary<br />
school under Chinese Aid have been<br />
inaugurated throughout the year. In<br />
October, H.E. Prime Minister Xanana<br />
Gusmao attended the closing ceremony<br />
of Shanghai Expo and held<br />
talks with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.<br />
In November, H.E. Vice Prime Minister<br />
Guterres led the Timorese athletes<br />
for the 16 th Asian Games held in<br />
Guangzhou and attended the opening<br />
ceremony; Prosecutor General<br />
Madame Anna Pessoa participated in<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
the 4 th Annual Conference and General<br />
Meeting of the International Association<br />
of Anti-corruption Authorities<br />
(IAACA) in Macau; General Secretary<br />
of the CNRT Dr. Babo Soares<br />
has headed an AMP delegation to<br />
China for study and visit; H.E. President<br />
Horta, accompanied by Foreign<br />
Minister Dr. da Costa and Minister for<br />
Economy & Development Mr. Goncalves,<br />
will soon go to Macau for the<br />
3 rd Ministerial Meeting of the Forum<br />
of Economic and Commercial Cooperation<br />
between China and Portuguese-speaking<br />
Countries.<br />
By unswervingly pursuing the foreign<br />
policy of “building a good neighbourly<br />
relationship and partnership with all<br />
neighbouring countries”, China develops<br />
friendship and partnership with<br />
its neighboring countries in Asia,<br />
Timor-Leste included. Both as developing<br />
countries in Asian region and<br />
with similar experience in history,<br />
China and Timor-Leste had long<br />
been sympathizing with, supporting,<br />
respecting and trusting each other<br />
throughout the national liberation,<br />
nation building and social development.<br />
At the same time, we enjoy<br />
good communication and coordination<br />
in international and regional affairs.<br />
China is grateful for the valuable<br />
support of the Timorese government<br />
over the years towards issues<br />
of China’s core interests.<br />
China, as always, will share with<br />
Timorese people the opportunities<br />
brought by China’s economic development,<br />
and do whatever in our capability<br />
to help Timor enhance its<br />
ability of independent and sustainable<br />
development. Stronger cooperation<br />
and mutual benefit are conducive to<br />
our common development, not only<br />
benefiting the two peoples but also<br />
contributing to peace, stability and<br />
prosperity of Asia and the world at<br />
large.<br />
I am convinced that thanks to the<br />
joint efforts and fostering of the Chinese<br />
and Timorese leadership, the<br />
Sino-Timorese relationship would be<br />
shaped into an exemplary one between<br />
countries of different sizes.<br />
33
A<br />
nation’s identity is certainly<br />
not forged in one day; an<br />
identity of a nation takes<br />
time and goes through a<br />
process. The identity of the Timor-<br />
Leste as a nation starts with the identity<br />
of its people. Timor-Leste has a<br />
rich cultural and historical background<br />
that can also be associated<br />
with the culture and history of Indonesia,<br />
especially of those in the Province<br />
of East Nusa Tenggara. Culturally<br />
the people of East Nusa Tenggara<br />
and Timor-Leste share a rich<br />
history, shown is the similarity of the<br />
usage of the Tetum and Dawan language,<br />
traditional attire and social<br />
traits. Strong family ties and strong<br />
sense of community are also similar;<br />
there are also many family ties between<br />
Timorese and Indonesians.<br />
The rich cultural heritage between<br />
Indonesians and Timorese shall be<br />
the basis for stronger bilateral relationships<br />
between the two nations.<br />
In the context of friendly relations and<br />
cooperation between the two nations,<br />
people to people contact has a profound<br />
and important meaning. Relations<br />
and cooperation in the socioeconomic-culture<br />
field is strategic and<br />
must be further developed and promoted.<br />
Especially remembering that<br />
there are cultural and social similarities,<br />
as mentioned above, between<br />
the people of Indonesia and Timor-<br />
Leste, bearing that in mind and with<br />
the addition of geographical location<br />
of both countries, the authorities in<br />
the Province of East Nusa Tenggara<br />
shall be the first line in the improvements<br />
of cooperation between the<br />
two nations. As an example, on August<br />
2009, the Indonesian Embassy<br />
in Dili organized a cultural night in the<br />
District of Oecusse, Timor-Leste by<br />
inviting performers from Kefamenanu,<br />
East Nusa Tenggara Province and<br />
Oecusse District. Timorese old and<br />
young alike, in Oecusse enjoyed<br />
such an event.<br />
There have been other efforts by both<br />
communities to continue to build amicable<br />
relations, emphasizing on the<br />
34<br />
Eddy Setiabudhi<br />
Indonesia Ambassador<br />
Share for Cultural<br />
Benefit<br />
cultural similarities of the Province of<br />
East Nusa Tenggara and the Democratic<br />
Republic of Timor-Leste. In may<br />
2009, in association with the commemoration<br />
of the Democratic Republic<br />
of Timor-Leste’s Independence<br />
Restoration Day and invitation by the<br />
Timor-Leste Football Federation, 3<br />
(three) teams, amounting to 103 (one<br />
hundred and three) members, including<br />
senior government officials, from<br />
the Province of East Nusa Tenggara<br />
participated in a friendly football<br />
match against the teams from Timor-<br />
Leste. As expected, the match went<br />
off without a hitch and was conducted<br />
with great enthusiasm by the players,<br />
supporters and even senior officials<br />
from both countries.<br />
Both events referred to above were<br />
great successes. The cultural night in<br />
Oecusse was successful as one of<br />
the reasons being the usage of the<br />
Dawan language by Timorese in<br />
Oecusse and Indonesians in Kefamenanu.<br />
In addition to the usage of<br />
Tetum and Dawan language, the Indonesian<br />
language or Bahasa Indonesia<br />
is also used throughout Timor-<br />
Leste. Aware of this fact the Government<br />
of the Democratic Republic of<br />
Timor-Leste has made Bahasa Indonesia<br />
one of two working languages.<br />
In addition to the socio-cultural aspect<br />
that has been greatly aided by<br />
the usage of similar or common understanding<br />
of each others’ language,<br />
the economic relations have also<br />
greatly progressed. Indonesia is<br />
Timor-Leste’s largest trading partner,<br />
with trade figures reaching millions of<br />
US Dollars, which steadily increases<br />
over the years. Indonesia also considers<br />
the Timorese important in the<br />
field of tourism as Indonesia is still<br />
considered as a major tourist destination<br />
by many Timorese.<br />
It is only natural that the ties and relations<br />
between Timor-Leste and Indonesia<br />
grow stronger in the future.<br />
With the aspect of the similarity in<br />
culture and language, Indonesia can<br />
share its experience with Timor-Leste<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
in building its national identity as an<br />
Independent and free nation that promotes<br />
democracy and equality. Indonesia,<br />
through the 1998 reform movement,<br />
has stepped up its role in the<br />
international stage, being the world’s<br />
largest muslim populated country,<br />
and third largest democracy is an<br />
advocate for democracy itself, as<br />
shown in the Bali Democracy Forum.<br />
Economically Indonesia has made<br />
major strides in reaching sustainable<br />
development in order to build the nation<br />
for the prosperity of the Indonesian<br />
people. In ASEAN as a founding<br />
member, Indonesia is a strong supporter<br />
of Timor-Leste’s efforts of becoming<br />
a full pledge ASEAN member.<br />
Indonesia currently shares its experiences<br />
with Timor-Leste in the area of<br />
capacity building and development of<br />
human resources. Many Timorese<br />
that have been educated in Indonesia<br />
have important roles in the development<br />
of various fields in Timor-<br />
Leste’s government, private sector,<br />
and also in international organizations.<br />
In addition to those having been educated<br />
in Indonesia, there are yet a<br />
significant number of scholars that<br />
are currently studying in Indonesia,<br />
and may one day be the future of the<br />
development of Timor-Leste.
Judith R. Fergin<br />
US Ambassador<br />
T<br />
hank you for this opportunity<br />
to contribute to the third edition<br />
of the Presidential Magazine.<br />
I would like to honor<br />
the theme of the edition -- "The Affirmation<br />
of Timorese Identity -- Contributions"<br />
-- by celebrating the deep<br />
and long-standing friendship between<br />
Timor-Leste and the United States.<br />
As Timor-Leste enters the second<br />
decade of sovereign independence,<br />
so our two countries are marking the<br />
dawn of the second decade of the<br />
21 st century -- the century of the Asia<br />
Pacific. President Barack Obama<br />
spent his childhood in Southeast Asia<br />
-- he is our first Pacific President.<br />
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton<br />
keeps her focus firmly on the region -<br />
- in her words, "we know that much of<br />
the history of the 21st century will be<br />
written in Asia."<br />
We have stood side by side throughout<br />
the first momentous decade of<br />
your independence; we will remain<br />
the closest of friends through the decades<br />
ahead. The United States is not<br />
just ready and willing, we are eager<br />
to do so. As Timor-Leste's committed<br />
friend, we look forward to continuing<br />
to work together to support the goals<br />
of human freedom, dignity, and prosperity<br />
here in Timor-Leste and to promote<br />
our shared interests in those<br />
same goals around the world.<br />
When I first visited Timor-Leste<br />
twenty years ago, I witnessed the<br />
courage of students demonstrating<br />
for independence. Throughout the<br />
following years, I joined other Ameri-<br />
A Celebration of the Friendship<br />
between Timor-Leste and the United States<br />
cans in observing with intense interest<br />
Timor-Leste's travel along the<br />
road to independence, from the exhilarating<br />
popular consultation and its<br />
tragic aftermath in 1999 to the joyous<br />
assumption of sovereignty in 2002.<br />
The government and people of Timor<br />
-Leste have met the manifold and<br />
Recently departed Ambassador Klemm, with the secretary of State for Culture, Virgilio Smith,<br />
celebrates the renovation of an Uma Lulik in Hatobuilico; the Ambassador's Fund for Cultural<br />
Preservation supported this important renewal<br />
complex challenges of establishing<br />
an entirely new country from the<br />
ground up with courage and dedication.<br />
Even as a young nation, Timor-<br />
Leste has exhibited a tremendous<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
Timorese students participating in the United States-Timor-Leste Scholarship Program interact<br />
with Ambassador Fergin at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii in October<br />
commitment to the principles of democracy<br />
and human rights.<br />
The result is a country that counts, in<br />
the Asia-Pacific and around the<br />
globe.<br />
The United States is proud to be<br />
Timor-Leste's partner in this nationbuilding<br />
endeavor.<br />
We strive to contribute to the<br />
achievement of your aspirations.<br />
Together, Timor-Leste and the United<br />
States have established a rich set of<br />
activities that we hope will make a<br />
difference -- to stability via professionalization<br />
of the police and military<br />
forces; to a vibrant population<br />
through better maternal and child<br />
health; to liberty and fairness through<br />
support for an impartial system of<br />
justice and corruption eradication;<br />
and to prosperity through programs to<br />
advance economic and agricultural<br />
development, reduce poverty, and<br />
create jobs.<br />
We congratulate the government and<br />
people of Timor-Leste upon your<br />
great achievements. We are grateful<br />
for your friendship and look forward<br />
to deepening the relations between<br />
us.<br />
As we both benefit from our membership<br />
in the Asia-Pacific region, let us<br />
seize the opportunities of the Asia-<br />
Pacific century together.<br />
Obrigada barak ba oportunidade<br />
nebe fo mai hau atu fo kontribuisaun<br />
ba revista ida ne’e no mos tamba<br />
amizade nebe buras entre povu rua<br />
ne’e.<br />
35
O<br />
único modelo de bom governo<br />
que se pode admitir<br />
na Comunidade Internacional<br />
é um governo democrático.<br />
As regras de ouro da<br />
democracia consistem na soberania<br />
popular e no controlo dos poderes<br />
públicos por parte dos cidadãos e<br />
das instituições que a Constituição<br />
incumbe destas funções. Os textos<br />
constitucionais são instrumentos<br />
inertes que há que activar mediante o<br />
bom funcionamento das instituições.<br />
Não podem ser estabelecidas com<br />
carácter geral, normas universais de<br />
boa governação e de funcionamento<br />
democrático das instituições.<br />
Tem-se dito uma ou outra vez que o<br />
terrorismo é o inimigo número um<br />
das democracias. Eu sempre discordei<br />
desta afirmação. Nenhuma força<br />
terrorista foi capaz de derrubar uma<br />
democracia. O inimigo principal e<br />
mais destrutivo da democracia é a<br />
corrupção.<br />
Isto é, antepor os interesses pessoais<br />
tratando de tirar proveito para<br />
si próprio dos dinheiros públicos ou<br />
da corrupção privada, ignorando os<br />
interesses gerais.<br />
Este tipo de delitos é normalmente<br />
cometido por funcionários públicos<br />
de todos os níveis (governantes,<br />
parlamentares, juízes e funcionários<br />
administrativos de todos os escalões),<br />
mas não podemos descartar a<br />
importância e a relevância que adquiriram<br />
no mundo globalizado as grandes<br />
empresas que satisfazem os<br />
seus interesses corrompendo os funcionários<br />
e os indivíduos que têm, de<br />
alguma forma, capacidade de decisão<br />
nos assuntos públicos.<br />
A resposta está no Código Penal,<br />
mas nem sempre o Código Penal é<br />
suficientemente rigoroso na sanção<br />
destes comportamentos, e, mesmo<br />
quando o é, o Poder Judicial encontra<br />
sérias dificuldades na aplicação<br />
da lei a estes indivíduos. O caminho<br />
correcto e certo é incrementar as<br />
penas para os autores destes delitos,<br />
pondo em relevo a gravidade destes<br />
36<br />
José Antonio Martín Pallín<br />
Magistrado do Tribunal Supremo Español<br />
O Conceito do Bom Governo<br />
e a Construção Nacional<br />
comportamentos. Mas isto não é<br />
suficiente e não podemos esquecer<br />
que a internacionalização e a criação<br />
de determinados organismos torna<br />
necessário punir igualmente a corrupção<br />
dos funcionários públicos estrangeiros<br />
que influenciem de alguma<br />
forma o funcionamento das instituições.<br />
São muitas as variedades<br />
delituosas através das quais podem<br />
manifestar-se actividades de corrupção.<br />
Uma actividade e fiscalização<br />
diligentes do funcionamento dos<br />
poderes e serviços públicos, pode<br />
detectar a existência de práticas corruptas<br />
e dar início à sua investigação,<br />
mas numa sociedade democrática<br />
só são possíveis de levar a<br />
cabo no seio de um Poder Judicial<br />
independente e com procedimentos<br />
que respeitem as garantias fundamentais.<br />
Verifica-se em todo o mundo a<br />
dificuldade de levar adiante estas<br />
investigações já que os recursos do<br />
poder opõem resistência à sua implicação<br />
e colocam todo o género de<br />
obstáculos à tarefa dos polícias e dos<br />
juízes. Por vezes o caminho é mais<br />
simples.<br />
Corrompem-se as entidades policiais<br />
e os juízes e assim se facilita o caminho<br />
para a impunidade.<br />
Supondo que as entidades policiais e<br />
os juízes actuam dentro da legalidade,<br />
confrontar-se-ão com sérias<br />
dificuldades para chegar às provas<br />
que, na maioria dos casos, se encontram<br />
nos expedientes administrativos<br />
e que, ou são ocultados à investigação<br />
ou, inclusivamente, se fazem desaparecer.<br />
Naturalmente que os implicados<br />
resistirão a colaborar, o que obriga a<br />
reclamar provas que sirvam para<br />
implicá-los, acusá-los e, consoante o<br />
caso, condená-los.<br />
Para lá das imunidades e privilégios<br />
de alguns representantes do povo<br />
perante os juízes, não podemos<br />
descartar o facto de os meios de comunicação<br />
do governo ou, inclusivamente,<br />
particulares, iniciarem uma<br />
campanha de desprestígio e, nomeadamente,<br />
de imputações delituosas<br />
contra o juiz que se atreveu a inves-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
tigar a corrupção. Nestes casos, o<br />
único instrumento eficaz é aquele<br />
que possa garantir, defender e<br />
reforçar a independência judicial.<br />
Mas nenhum instrumento seria eficaz<br />
se a opinião pública não se mobilizar<br />
contra os corruptos e exigir o castigo<br />
dos responsáveis.<br />
Nós, que nos movemos na base do<br />
Direito Penal, estamos convencidos<br />
de que uma boa prática de governo<br />
plasmada na transparência e na<br />
participação popular, é o melhor antídoto<br />
contra a corrupção.<br />
Em definitivo, como sempre, prevenir<br />
é melhor que castigar.<br />
Transparência e boas práticas de<br />
governo são os eixos sobre os quais<br />
deve girar o funcionamento de uma<br />
sociedade democrática. Até agora<br />
não se nos deparou uma melhor<br />
solução para prevenir o inexorável<br />
aparecimento de condutas delituosas<br />
relacionadas com a corrupção. Não<br />
creio que qualquer país esteja livre<br />
deste estigma, mas a sua força<br />
democrática será tanto maior quanto<br />
mais eficaz for a sua luta para<br />
erradicá-lo.<br />
A participação democrática na tomada<br />
de decisões deve exceder o âmbito<br />
de uma mera ida às urnas de<br />
tantos em tantos anos.<br />
A democracia, sem prejuízo da tarefa<br />
específica dos representantes do<br />
povo, constrói-se dia a dia fazendo<br />
ver aos cidadãos que estes são considerados<br />
seres livres e responsáveis.<br />
Quanto maior for a participação<br />
dos cidadãos na tomada de<br />
decisões, tanto maiores serão os<br />
obstáculos a encontrar pelos corruptos<br />
na execução das suas actividades.<br />
A participação cidadã tem de ser<br />
aberta e igualitária, sem discriminações<br />
nem dificuldades de facto devidas<br />
a uma situação social ou de<br />
género.
Ivanildo do Nascimento<br />
Cônsul Honorário do México<br />
Relações México-Timor-Leste<br />
A<br />
s relações do México com<br />
Timor-Leste remontam-se<br />
ao período colonial, quando<br />
a Ilha de Timor foi colónia<br />
portuguesa e manteve um comércio<br />
e contacto directo com a cidade de<br />
Manila, em Filipinas. Na altura, Manila<br />
era administrativamente dependente<br />
do Vice-reino da Nova Espanha<br />
(México) e unida com o porto<br />
mexicano de Acapulco pela rota comercial<br />
do Galeão de Manila, conhecido<br />
também como Nau da China,<br />
uma das rotas comerciais mais longas<br />
da história em térmos geográficos<br />
e temporais: 1521-1821.<br />
Durante esse período, as moedas de<br />
prata mexicana entraram na região<br />
da Ásia-Pacífico, incluindo a ilha de<br />
Timor, onde circularam como moeda<br />
de uso corrente até a década de<br />
1950. Ainda hoje em dia, o termo<br />
“mexicanas” em Timor se refere a<br />
estas moedas de prata mexicanas. E,<br />
ainda na actualidade, são usadas por<br />
muitas famílias timorenses para<br />
estabelecer o dote (berlake) nas celebrações<br />
tradicionais por motivo dos<br />
matrimónios. Durante os séculos XVI<br />
ao XIX o comércio indirecto entre<br />
Timor e o México através de Macau e<br />
Manila permitiu um grande intercâmbio<br />
de produtos incluindo, madeiras<br />
de sândalo (tradicional produto<br />
de exportação de Timor), prata mexicana,<br />
como também outros produtos<br />
mexicanos hoje incorporados à<br />
cultura timorense como o milho, a<br />
abóbora, o feijão, o chocolate e o<br />
chile.<br />
Durante o século XX, México foi um<br />
dos 51 países fundadores das<br />
Nações Unidas e é membro da organização<br />
desde 7 de Novembro de<br />
1945.<br />
Desde então, sempre tem mantido<br />
um firme compromisso com os propósitos<br />
e princípios da Organização.<br />
México sempre tem se caracterizado<br />
por sua vocação multilateral que reconhece<br />
as possibilidades de<br />
fomentar a comunicação e a aproximação<br />
entre as nações. Também<br />
tem defendido seus interesses oportunamente,<br />
mostrando clara vontade<br />
de negociação e forte confiança na<br />
cooperação internacional.<br />
Desde a invasão pela Indonésia em<br />
1975, o México apoiou os desejos de<br />
auto-determinação do povo de Timor<br />
na Assembleia da Organização das<br />
Nações Unidas.<br />
Em 1999, com a realização da consulta<br />
popular para decidir a autodeterminação<br />
do povo de Timor-<br />
Leste, o México por meio do Instituto<br />
Federal Eleitoral apoiou a organização<br />
da consulta popular onde o povo<br />
timorense optou pela independência.<br />
Através dos especialistas mexicanos<br />
da área eleitoral a presença mexicana<br />
no país se tem mantido<br />
constante.<br />
Em 2002, o México reconheceu a<br />
nova República Democrática de<br />
Timor-Leste e foram estabelecidas<br />
relações diplomáticas.<br />
Desde então, o México tem apoiado<br />
no seio dos organismos da ONU as<br />
gestões que estão a se realizar para<br />
ajudarem ao governo e povo de<br />
Timor–Leste, em seus esforços para<br />
avançar no alcance dos seus objectivos<br />
e para facilitar a assistência para<br />
o desenvolvimento, e, em particular,<br />
aqueles programas orientados<br />
à redução da pobreza, o fomento do<br />
bom governo, a administração de<br />
gastos, a gestão de políticas, o<br />
desenvolvimento do sector privado e<br />
sector da energia.<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
Durante a Intervenção do Embaixador<br />
Claude Heller, Representante<br />
Permanente do México junto `as<br />
Nações Unidas, durante o debate do<br />
Conselho de Segurança sobre a<br />
Missão Integrada das Nações Unidas<br />
em Timor-Leste, em Nova York, no<br />
passado 19 de Outubro de 2010,<br />
novamente se destacou o interesse<br />
do México em apoiar a consolidação<br />
de Timor-Leste e se destacou ainda<br />
a necessidade de que a comunidade<br />
internacional continue a apoiar a<br />
consolidação dos programas nacionais<br />
de Timor-Leste.<br />
Como parte deste crescente intercâmbio,<br />
no dia 26 de Agosto deste<br />
ano, o Presidente da República Democrática<br />
de Timor-Leste e Prémio<br />
Nobel da Paz, Dr. José Ramos-<br />
Horta, e a Embaixadora do México<br />
para Indonésia e Timor-Leste, Dra.<br />
Melba Pria, inauguraram a sede do<br />
Consulado Honorário do México na<br />
Cidade de Dili.<br />
O Consulado tem a circunscrição do<br />
território da República Democrática<br />
de Timor-Leste, de acordo com o<br />
estabelecido na carta patente assinada<br />
pela Secretária de Relações<br />
Exteriores do México, Embaixadora.<br />
Patricia Espinosa Cantellano.<br />
37
G<br />
ermans have long been<br />
associated with the virtues<br />
of punctuality, discipline<br />
and other values reflecting<br />
a hard working society. And our inclination<br />
to philosophical depth has often<br />
made us look pessimistic when<br />
there was hardly any reason for it.<br />
But surprisingly, in the midst of the<br />
recent economic and financial crisis<br />
Germans turned out to enjoy life<br />
more than other European Nations<br />
even though unemployment reached<br />
a worrisome peak. Most of the urban<br />
opinion makers appeared relaxed<br />
and not gloomy at all in spite of sluggish<br />
growth rates and a tumbling<br />
value of the Euro. Now, after economic<br />
growth picked up, the mood<br />
could not be better. What is behind<br />
this change of attitudes? I believe<br />
that to a great degree European Integration<br />
and the globalized economies<br />
have profoundly changed our value<br />
systems.<br />
It is ever more difficult to figure out<br />
what is typically German or French or<br />
Dutch or Portuguese when we speak<br />
English with each other and all cherish<br />
Italian cuisine. Our national identities<br />
have long been opening up to the<br />
wide horizons of international standards<br />
and tastes. New layers of preferences<br />
are entering national consumer<br />
habits once we feel at ease<br />
with the global society.<br />
But the benefits of globalization are<br />
neither a panacea for happiness nor<br />
do they incorporate all citizens. Millions<br />
of people are still suffering from<br />
poverty and are lacking the opportunities<br />
for a decent living, for mobility<br />
and for internet communication. They<br />
have no choice other than to adhere<br />
to traditional values and they may<br />
prefer these even when they are<br />
faced with the breeze of competitive<br />
business and technology-driven market<br />
penetration. The stage of globalization<br />
has long been set for transgressing<br />
the more narrow-looking<br />
values of the nation states, but these<br />
were neither abolished nor would the<br />
greater part of the world like this to<br />
happen. Perhaps we will be more and<br />
more shaped by at least two identi-<br />
38<br />
Dr. Norbert Baas<br />
Germany Ambassador<br />
Timor-Leste from a German Perspective<br />
Growing Opportunities in a Globalized World<br />
ties: global citizenship and a national<br />
one. The challenge is to avoid conflicts<br />
and reconcile between them.<br />
Regional identities could gain in importance.<br />
Hegel and Marx, no longer<br />
fashionable authors though, would<br />
certainly see that as a dialectic process.<br />
Since two years, the G20 is making<br />
headlines as a group of countries<br />
representing the vast majority of the<br />
world’s population, ready to tackle the<br />
necessary decisions to pull us out of<br />
the crisis. In addition, it is to give<br />
new momentum to the reform of international<br />
financial institutions like the<br />
IMF and to overcome global distortions<br />
in trade and capital flows. The<br />
G20 did not replace the G8, which<br />
comprises the seven highly developed<br />
western democracies plus Russia.<br />
It took on board the huge threshold<br />
countries including China, India,<br />
Indonesia, and Brazil.<br />
They entered the “old” big economic<br />
players’ club and they are able to<br />
contribute enormously to economic<br />
growth, justice and social progress. It<br />
is noteworthy that through the EU,<br />
which has its own place at the table<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
alongside Germany, France, Italy and<br />
the UK, all other member states are<br />
included in the consultations prior to<br />
the Summit. ASEAN is equally linked<br />
to the G20 through its chair and Indonesia,<br />
the one permanent member.<br />
ASEAN’s Secretary General is also<br />
invited to attend the summits. In addition,<br />
Singapore was a participant this<br />
year.<br />
By this enlarged institutional setting,<br />
the smaller countries are increasingly<br />
tied to the G20 and to its decisionmaking.<br />
When I first visited Timor-Leste in<br />
January 2010, I was struck by the<br />
beauty of the landscape and by the<br />
opportunities this country may well<br />
offer its citizens in the future.<br />
Timor-Leste is taking pride in its<br />
struggle against colonialism, from<br />
which it has emerged, in spite of the<br />
injuries, violence and bloodshed, as a<br />
country embracing peace and good<br />
neighborhood.
The identity of its elites and the larger<br />
part of its population may thus be<br />
described as equ ally post -<br />
revolutionary and forward-looking,<br />
carried further by a growingly modern<br />
spirit, by the curiosity of its young<br />
generation to look beyond and all this<br />
in a relaxed and open-minded way.<br />
To satisfy the future-oriented interests<br />
will be of great relevance to<br />
avoid disappointments.<br />
It is difficult to imagine that any temptation<br />
to breed new violent impatience<br />
could again upset the balance<br />
between measurement and common<br />
responsibility for a stable Timor-<br />
Leste. Once the risks are becoming<br />
negligible and the own security forces<br />
are strong enough, time will come for<br />
the UN Mission to rethink its size.<br />
Timor-Leste’s political leadership,<br />
above all President Ramos-Horta,<br />
who was awarded the Peace Nobel<br />
Prize, impressed the world commu-<br />
nity with their successful stabilization<br />
policy and their endeavours to implant<br />
democracy. This has become a<br />
success-story. Germany will continue<br />
to be supportive and closely cooperate<br />
with the European Union.<br />
Among the major German projects<br />
implemented by the GTZ is the rural<br />
development programme which is<br />
enlarging the range of domestic products<br />
and is building on participatory<br />
village development planning. We are<br />
also involved in a maritime support<br />
programme. Another focus is on enriching<br />
vocational training to enhance<br />
employment opportunities for the<br />
young generation. Our contribution to<br />
transitional justice renders support to<br />
the use of an interesting instrument<br />
already practiced in Timor-Leste. In<br />
Covalima, Manatuto and Viqueque<br />
Germany supports the Timorese government<br />
in the creation of a mediation<br />
law as well as the definition of<br />
educational standards for mediators.<br />
Based on Timorese culture and tradition<br />
this unique handling of conflict<br />
management with the goal to eventually<br />
build a law-governed state looks<br />
very promising.<br />
Timor-Leste is now preparing its accession<br />
to ASEAN. Membership will<br />
offer unique possibilities to connect<br />
with the infrastructure of Southeast<br />
Asia and to become a partner in the<br />
global arena.<br />
With its abundant natural resources<br />
Timor-Leste is well placed to influ-<br />
ence the further destiny of Southeast<br />
Asia. Its voice will be heard. Similar<br />
to the smaller EU member states,<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
whose leaders were crucial to our<br />
European success story, Timor-Leste<br />
may soon find itself in the frontrunner<br />
group for the promotion of a balanced<br />
development model.<br />
It would also benefit more from foreign<br />
investment since ASEAN is determined<br />
to implement the ASEAN<br />
Economic Community by 2015. Last<br />
but not least, I am hopeful that<br />
through Timor-Leste’s ASEAN membership<br />
relations with Germany may<br />
take an even more dynamic turn. Cooperation<br />
projects between our business<br />
communities may benefit from<br />
Timor-Leste’s share in the large<br />
ASEAN community. Above all, membership<br />
will provide the young generation<br />
of Timor-Leste with new perspectives<br />
and growing j ob -<br />
orientations.<br />
Probably, it will then gradually contribute<br />
to changing Timor-Leste’s<br />
identity towards the acceptance of a<br />
more competitive economic environment,<br />
which in turn will generate<br />
fresh inspiration for the future. I am<br />
convinced that this will suit the<br />
Timorese very well.<br />
39
Philippe Zeller<br />
40<br />
Philippe Zeller<br />
France Ambassador<br />
Strengthening the Timorese Identity<br />
T<br />
he term “Timorese identity”<br />
refers to the common elements<br />
that bind individuals<br />
who identify themselves as<br />
being citizens of the Democratic Republic<br />
of Timor-Leste. These common<br />
elements include a shared history<br />
and geography, a shared culture,<br />
such as the belief in the myth of the<br />
crocodile ancestor, the weaving of<br />
tais, the pride in one’s Uma Lulik, or<br />
the respect for religious and traditional<br />
beliefs and authorities, the<br />
shared democratic values enshrined<br />
in the constitution of the RDTL, such<br />
as social solidarity and human rights.<br />
Like all identities, the Timorese identity<br />
is not set in stone. It is based on<br />
myths and representations that<br />
evolve through time and through interactions<br />
with the rest of the world.<br />
Indeed, the Timorese identity is the<br />
product of social interactions during<br />
the pre-colonial days, but mostly during<br />
the period of Portuguese colonial<br />
rule, and during the 25 years of Indonesian<br />
occupation. Nowadays, the<br />
Timorese identity continues to evolve,<br />
through peaceful social and cultural<br />
exchanges with Timor-Leste’s<br />
neighbors in the Asia-Pacific region<br />
and beyond.<br />
Strengthening Timorese identity<br />
to build a strong nation<br />
Enthusiastic young readers at the 2010<br />
Dili book fair<br />
All countries around the world have<br />
gone through nation-building processes<br />
that aimed at better defining<br />
and strengthening their “national<br />
identity”. In Timor-Leste, belonging to<br />
family, village, and districts remain<br />
the strongest elements marking one’s<br />
identity. It is therefore important for<br />
the Timor-Leste Government to support<br />
policies aimed at strengthening<br />
national identity and unity in order to<br />
consolidate peace, and to foster a<br />
relation of trust and mutual respect<br />
between the citizens and the State.<br />
Schools, the media, civil society and<br />
the church, all have a role to play to<br />
strengthen the Timorese identity.<br />
While education is central to mold a<br />
society’s identity (particularly through<br />
the teaching of national languages,<br />
history and civic education), recreational<br />
activities, sports, and the celebration<br />
of public holidays and ceremonies<br />
are also means used to<br />
strengthen national unity.<br />
Support from the<br />
French cooperation<br />
The French Cooperation is keen to<br />
support the Government and the people<br />
of Timor-Leste in areas related to<br />
cultural preservation and the<br />
strengthening of the Timorese identity.<br />
Here are a few examples of collaborations:<br />
“Istoria Timor-Leste Nian”<br />
«42 000 d’histoire de Timor-Est»<br />
or «Istoria Timor-Leste Nian»<br />
The French cooperation supported<br />
the publication in 2010 of a concise<br />
bilingual Tetun/Portuguese book on<br />
the 42 000 years of history of Timor-<br />
Leste, written by Dr. Frédéric Durand.<br />
The objective book is to provide the<br />
Timorese public, young people in particular,<br />
with a tool to better know and<br />
understand their country’s history.<br />
This book also aims at supporting the<br />
Government of Timor-Leste in developing<br />
teaching resources, adapted to<br />
the local context and needs, and written<br />
in the national languages, that<br />
can be used by teachers around the<br />
country.<br />
Preserving audiovisual archives<br />
of historical value<br />
As part of collaboration between the<br />
Institut National de l’Audiovisuel and<br />
the Centro Audiovisual Max Stahl<br />
Timor-Leste, The French cooperation<br />
is supporting the preservation of<br />
audiovisual archives that record important<br />
recent historical moments,<br />
such as the Santa Cruz massacre,<br />
the resistance to the occupation, independence,<br />
peace and reconciliation,<br />
reconstruction and development<br />
of Timor-Leste. The aim of this project<br />
is to ensure that this documen-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
tary heritage is preserved so that it<br />
can be seen by future generations<br />
and used for education and research.<br />
This collaboration aims at making<br />
these images accessible to viewers<br />
around the world so that they can<br />
learn about Timor-Leste’s history and<br />
culture.<br />
Preservation of audiovisual footage<br />
by the CAAMSTL’s team © Max Stahl<br />
Remembering the sacrifice of the<br />
national liberation veterans<br />
In his famous essay “What is a Nation”,<br />
the French theorist Ernest<br />
Renan explained that “the nation, like<br />
the individual, is the culmination of a<br />
long past of endeavours, sacrifice,<br />
and devotion...To have common glories<br />
in the past and to have a common<br />
will in the present; to have performed<br />
great deeds together, to wish<br />
to perform still more-these are the<br />
essential conditions for being a people.”<br />
Paying homage to those who<br />
sacrificed their lives for the struggle<br />
for national liberation is also important<br />
to strengthen national identity.<br />
The French cooperation supported<br />
the State Secretariat for Veterans in<br />
developing a policy on memory preservation<br />
and valorization of the contri-<br />
Group of Falintil fighters<br />
in 1994 © DRT- AMRT<br />
bution of national liberation veterans.<br />
The above mentioned projects illustrate<br />
some modest contributions by<br />
the French Cooperation to the very<br />
important process of strengthening<br />
the Timorese identity.<br />
Viva Timor-Leste.
Philippe Zeller<br />
Gladcya Félix<br />
Prof. Cooperação Brasileira<br />
Timor, país,<br />
tem muitas línguas<br />
U<br />
ma economia crescente a<br />
olhos vistos como a de Timor-Leste<br />
periga a logo,<br />
logo perder parte relevante<br />
de seu patrimônio cultural.<br />
Segundo a Unesco, metade das línguas<br />
do mundo desaparecerá até o<br />
final deste século.<br />
Diversos países desenvolvidos passaram<br />
a reconhecer o “extermínio<br />
lingüístico” praticado ao longo dos<br />
séculos.<br />
Timor-Leste, jovem país que passa<br />
pela terceira reconstrução, também<br />
desperta para a importância das<br />
línguas na cultura de seu povo.<br />
O concurso nacional de poesias, histórias<br />
e cantigas Ha’u nia Lian, Ha’u<br />
nia Rai apoiado pelo Presidente da<br />
República, Sr. José Ramos Horta, e<br />
pela Embaixadora da Boa Vontade<br />
para a Educação, Sra. Kirsty Sword<br />
Gusmão, é o primeiro passo rumo a<br />
autêntica expressão da diversidade<br />
timorense.<br />
Mais de 20 línguas e dialetos de Timor-Leste<br />
estão hoje ameaçados<br />
pelo sistema econômico desregrado.<br />
No mundo, 96% das línguas são faladas<br />
por menos de 5% de seus habitantes.<br />
Inseridas em um capitalismo veloz e<br />
massificador, não é difícil perceber<br />
que as muitas minorias de Timor-<br />
Leste estão correndo o risco de serem<br />
silenciadas.<br />
Os países têm a necessidade de estabelecer<br />
línguas como oficiais, contudo<br />
não é este caráter que determina<br />
a existência ou não de um<br />
idioma.<br />
Como patrimônio cultural, todas precisam,<br />
sendo este o desejo das comunidades<br />
de falantes, ser apoiadas<br />
pelo Estado enquanto símbolo identitário.<br />
Todas as línguas precisam ser respeitadas,<br />
porque os seus falantes<br />
têm direito a liberdade.<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
Quando se fala em sustentabilidade, o que vem primeiro à cabeça são assuntos do meio<br />
ambiente, mas o termo também é aplicável à política de preservação das línguas mundiais.<br />
Através da prática da oralidade e da<br />
escrita, nenhuma língua é esquecida,<br />
e a cultura da terra natal, com todo o<br />
seu imaginário e ciência transformados<br />
em palavra, poderá expressar<br />
a visão de mundo que tem cada<br />
povo. Para um Timor-Leste linguisticamente<br />
sustentável, os seus precisam<br />
gostar de koalia português, tétum,<br />
mambae, makasai, bunak, baiqueno,<br />
kêmak, fataluku, tocodede,<br />
uaimoa, tétum teric, galóli...<br />
41
P<br />
alavra ASEAN ita ronan beik<br />
-beik, e wainhira ita koalia<br />
konan ba rai sira nebe besik<br />
Timor ba iha tasi feto nian,<br />
hanesan Indonesia, Malasia, Singapura,<br />
nst, povu iha rai hirak ne sei<br />
familiar ho termu ida ne’e, tam ba sira<br />
maka sai nudar knua ba organizasaun<br />
regional ne’e.<br />
Ba Timor-Leste, ASEAN ofisialmente<br />
tama iha vokabuklariu politku iha<br />
2002/2003, wainhira Dr. José Ramos<br />
-Horta nudar Ministro Negosios Estrangeirus<br />
hahu prosesu Timor-Leste<br />
atu tama ASEAN.<br />
Ikus mai ita estabelese Sekretariadu<br />
ASEAN iha Ministeriu Negosius<br />
Estrangeirus atu trata asuntu ida<br />
ne’e. Iha 2006 Timor-Leste tama iha<br />
Asean Regional Forum no iha 2007<br />
asina Treaty of Amity and Cooperationin<br />
Souteast Asia. Pasus hirak<br />
ne’e hatudu interse estrategiku nebe<br />
Timor-Leste iha atu bele sai membru<br />
ASEAN, maibe ita nia interesse estrategiku<br />
ne’e seidauk traduz ba iha<br />
enquadramento sistematiku iha ita<br />
nia planeamento nasional, buat nebe<br />
ita tenki rezolve lalais atu bele lori<br />
agenda ne ba oin.<br />
Karik ita dalan barak maka husu,<br />
saida maka ASEAN, tamba sa maka<br />
Timor-Leste presiza konsidera ou ka<br />
fo importansia ba organizasaun ne’e?<br />
ASEAN ne nudar organizasaun ida<br />
nebe rai lima, hanesan Indonesia,<br />
Singapura, Malasia, Thailandia non<br />
Filipinas hari iha 08 Agostu 1967 liu<br />
husi deklarasaun ida nebe sira bolu<br />
“Bangkok Deklaration”. Iha tempu<br />
nebe ukun nain husi rai lima ne’e ha-<br />
42<br />
Hernani Coelho<br />
Xefe Gabinete Adjunto - PR<br />
re katak iha nesesidade ida atu sira<br />
servisu hamutuk lori atinji sira nia<br />
objektivu komum iha areas hanesan<br />
desenvolvimentu ekonomiku sosial,<br />
paz no estabilidade, komersiu no koperasaun<br />
teknika, buat nebe sira fiar<br />
katak sei hetan resultadu diak se sira<br />
servisu hamutuk lori fo forsa ba malu<br />
atu nune bele servisu hikas ho organizasaun<br />
regional seluk nudar bloku<br />
ida. Husi ne’e ita bele hare importansia<br />
estrategiku ida nebe sira hili liu<br />
husi koperasaun mutuo entre paises<br />
vizinhus atu atinji objektivu komum<br />
nebe rai sira ne iha. Konseitu halibur<br />
hamutuk no servisu hamutuk husi rai<br />
sira nebe lokaliza iha area gegraifika<br />
ida, hetan forma makas depois de<br />
segunda guera mundial, no mos ho<br />
impaktu husi Guerra Fria nebe fahe<br />
mundu ba bloku leste non oeste.<br />
Ikus mai paises seluk nebe iha<br />
regiauan nebe ema bolu Souteast<br />
Asia hanesan Vietnam, Laos Kanbodja,<br />
Brunei non Myanmar mos adere<br />
ta’an hodi forma grupu rai 10 nian.<br />
Paises sanulu ne hamutuk sai nudar<br />
bloku ida ho ema besik 600 milhoens<br />
ho GDP mais ou menos US$ 1,500<br />
bilioens (presu korente 2009) tuir<br />
dadus statistika ASEAN nian.<br />
Kompara ho Timor-Leste nebe iha<br />
pupulasaun mais ou menos 1<br />
milhaun ho GDP US$ 0,6 bilioens.<br />
Ne’e sai nudar potensia ekonomika<br />
regional ho estrutura no karateristikas<br />
teknikas nebe besik atu hanesan ho<br />
Timor i iha kedas Timor nia odamatan<br />
oin.<br />
Buat ida ke importante ba ita atu<br />
hatene mo’os katak ASEAN funsiona<br />
iha prinsipiu de respeito mútuo, resolusaun<br />
disputa liu husu meios<br />
pasifikus, respeitu integridade nasional<br />
no atu hakotun lian sei liu husi<br />
kosulta non konsensu, buat nebe importante<br />
ba membrus sira nebe kiik<br />
eh ka ekonomikamente ladun forte.<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Parseiru ba Dezenvolvimentu<br />
Nudar organizasaun ida nebe lokaliza<br />
iha regiaun ho kresimentu ekonomiku<br />
no demografiku nebe bo’ot, rai sira<br />
husi europa, amerika no oseania iha<br />
interese makas atu bele kopera ho<br />
organizasaun ida ne’e, laos deit<br />
tamba nia potensialidade merkadu<br />
non rekursus maibe mo’os ba oportunidade<br />
atu mobiliza sira nia partisipasaun<br />
atu promove paz, estabilidade,<br />
luta hasoru terorismu, luta hasoru<br />
krimes transnasionais no buat seluk<br />
ta’an.<br />
Timor-Leste nudar pais foun nebe<br />
geografikamente tama iha radius<br />
geografiku ASEAN nian hetan aseitasaun<br />
diak husi membru ASEAN tomak<br />
atu bele tama iha organizasaun<br />
ne. Paises membros sira mos loke<br />
dalan ba atu simu membru foun ho<br />
revisaun ASEAN Charter iha 2007<br />
nebe iha Artigo-6 koalia konan ba<br />
admisaun membru foun nefe fo interpretasaun<br />
katak ASEAN laos limitado<br />
ba membrus nain 10 deit onan. Iha<br />
okasiaun barak nebe membru<br />
ASEAN sira hatudu sira nia vontadae<br />
atu simu Timor nudar membru, membru<br />
balun, hanesan Indonesia, até<br />
involve onan iha aktividades pratikus<br />
lori fo tulun ba Timor atu bele sai<br />
membru ASEAN.<br />
Agora disizaun iha ita nia liman se ita<br />
hakarak lao ba oin lalais e ka lae.<br />
Timor-Leste tenki hatene aproveita<br />
oportunidade no meios sira nebe iha<br />
atu bele konso-lida no desenvolve<br />
aan. Konan ba ASEAN ita presiza<br />
toma em konsi-derasaun visaun<br />
estrategiku nebe ASEAN iha, liu-liu<br />
ho desizaun ASEAN atu estabelese<br />
Komunidade ASEAN iha tinan 2015<br />
ho pilares tolu nebe kobre area<br />
hanesan politka non seguransa, ekonomia<br />
no sosio-kultural. Area sira ne<br />
hotu, wainhira halao tuir plano nebe<br />
iha sei iha im-paktu bo’ot ba Timor-<br />
Leste nia futuru.
O<br />
Presidente da República,<br />
Dr. José Ramos-Horta, distinguiu<br />
os nomeados para<br />
a categoria de Direitos Sociais,<br />
Económicos de Culturais da III<br />
Edição do Prémio Direitos Humanos<br />
“Sérgio Vieira de Mello” 2010.<br />
No 19/o aniversário do Massacre de Sta.<br />
Cruz o PR exortou a juventude a estudar e<br />
contribuir para desenvolver o país<br />
GRADUASAUN<br />
BA ESTUDANTES TLBSPT<br />
T ersa<br />
feira loron 9 fulan Novembru<br />
2010, iha Kolegio<br />
Fatumaka, Prezidente Republika<br />
Dr. Jose Ramos-Horta<br />
intrega sertifikadu ba graduantes nain<br />
97 husi eskola Tekniku Profesional<br />
(ETP) Don Bosco Fatumaka<br />
no Komoro, iha seremonia graduasaun<br />
ne’ebe halao iha Kolegio Salesiano<br />
Fatumaka , Baucau liu husi<br />
programa Timor Leste Basic Skills<br />
Training Program (TLBSTP).<br />
III Edição do Prémio Direitos Humanos “Sérgio Vieira de Mello”<br />
Foram os seguintes: Simone Barbosa<br />
de Assis/Projecto Casa Vida, HIAM-<br />
Health, Hope Family Community, Escola<br />
Primária e Jardim de Infância<br />
Maria Auxiliadora, Orfanato Santa<br />
Bakhita e Soraya Vieira Nepomuceno/Escola<br />
Pré-Primária Arca Infantil.<br />
O Dr.Ramos-Horta abriu o Festival da<br />
Cultura, iniciativa da S.E. da Cultura<br />
realizada entre 25 e 28 de Novembro<br />
Xefe Estadu iha nia intervensaun molok<br />
fahe sertifikadu ba garaduadu<br />
sira, hato’o parabens no husu ba<br />
graduadu sira atu hatudu abilidade)<br />
ne’ebe hetan ona durante iha kursu<br />
laran hodi uja di-diak ba iha servisu<br />
fatin ho badinas, labele baruk<br />
servisu, muda mentalidade, nune’e<br />
bele halo konkorensia ho trabalhadores<br />
husi rai seluk, tamba se lae<br />
tinan ba tinan tarabalhadores husi liur<br />
maka domina iha area konstruksaun<br />
hotu-hotu.<br />
Lauradu Nobel da Paz hatutan, Timor<br />
oan tenki halakon ona mentalidade<br />
baruk, hanesan servisu oituan tur<br />
mak barak, tamba kompania sira<br />
wainhira atu uja trabalhador dala uluk<br />
sira sei hare trabalhador nia abilidade<br />
no komitimentu ba servisu iha ka lae.<br />
Maske nune’e Xefe Estadu senti haksolok<br />
ho seremonia graduasaun refere<br />
tamba bele aumenta Timor oan<br />
sira nia abilidade, no nudar Xefe Estadu<br />
nia fo apoiu maxima ba programa<br />
vocasional ne’e, ne’ebe organiza<br />
husi misaun Salesiano sira i husu<br />
atu kontinua lao.<br />
Iha biban ne’e mos Xefe Estadu husu<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Lokal<br />
Na edição deste ano não foi atribuído<br />
o prémio na categoria de Direitos Civis<br />
e Políticos por falta de candidatura.<br />
George Junus Aditjondro (Indonesia)<br />
foi agraciado com a Insígnia da<br />
Ordem de Timor-Leste.<br />
No 35/o aniversário da Independência o<br />
PR atribuiu Insígnias ao Grupo Esperança,<br />
NRC e Cooperação Espanhola<br />
ba doadores sira atu kontinua apoiu<br />
ba inisiativa ne’ebe mai husi Salesiano<br />
sira atu nune’e bele aumenta<br />
numeru Timor oan sira iha parte abilidade<br />
baziku ba area konstrusaun.<br />
Ramos-Horta hodi Estadu nia naran<br />
agardese ba governu Australianu liuliu<br />
governu Australia do Sul ne’ebe fo<br />
apoia makas ba programa refere inklui<br />
mos agensia programa espanhola<br />
iha Timor Leste.<br />
Estudantes nai’n 97 ne’ebe simu graduasaun,<br />
sira durante fulan 6 hetan<br />
treinamentu abilidade baziku ba area<br />
konstrusaun iha ETP Dom Bosco<br />
Fatumaka no Komoro, ne’ebe hetan<br />
terinu husi programa Treinamentu<br />
Abilidade Baziku ka T-L Ba-sic Skills<br />
Training Program (TLBSTP), ho hetan<br />
tulun husi Governu Australianu<br />
liu husi governu Australia do sul, Austraining,<br />
ETP Don Bosco no<br />
SEFOPE. Iha seremonia agraduasaun<br />
ne hetan mos prezensa husi<br />
SEFOPE Bendito Feritas.<br />
Reprezentante governu Australia do<br />
Sul, Padre Pronvincial Salesiano Timor<br />
no Indonesia, Treinadores no<br />
graduantes sira.<br />
43
44<br />
Kirsty Sword-Gusmão<br />
Prezidente Fundasaun Alola<br />
World Breastfeeding<br />
Alola Foundation’s Maternal and<br />
Child Health Program, in partnership<br />
with the Ministry of Health, celebrated<br />
World Breastfeeding Day for an entire<br />
month from August 2 – 31 across 10<br />
districts in Timor-Leste.<br />
Maria Imaculada Guterres, coordinator<br />
of the overall program activities<br />
said that upon the advice of the Ministry<br />
of Health, breastfeeding day was<br />
celebrated throughout the month with<br />
the theme: ‘Only Mothers’ breast milk<br />
– milk can protect children from illness<br />
and supports good development<br />
and growth.’<br />
Alola Foundation implemented the<br />
program activities in 10 districts: Dili,<br />
Ainaro, Aileu, Bauca, Viqueque,<br />
Manatutu, Ermera, Liquisa, Oecusse<br />
and Lautem and conducted the following<br />
activities: a health quiz, a<br />
healthy baby contest, community discussions<br />
and a film about breastfeeding.<br />
During the celebration, the Alola<br />
foundation distributed prizes to the<br />
winners of the quiz and the competition<br />
for healthy babies aged from 6<br />
months to two years. In order to win,<br />
Macu Guterres said, ‘babies should<br />
Alola's Most Recent Activities<br />
meet the following criteria: the baby<br />
should exclusively breastfeed for the<br />
first 6 months, ad continue to breastfeed<br />
up to two years or more, should<br />
complete immunization according to<br />
the age of the baby, the baby should<br />
be weighed every month and consistently<br />
increased weight, should have<br />
good personal hygiene and lastly, the<br />
baby should be born in one of the<br />
health facilities. Macu Guterres said<br />
the promotional activities for breastfeeding<br />
were headed by Alola Foundation,<br />
and would soon be extended<br />
from 10 districts to 13 districts. The<br />
week-long World Breastfeeding Celebrations<br />
in Dili District were held in 4<br />
areas – Aituri Laran, Beto Bebonuk,<br />
Aimutin and Becora. A DHS study<br />
undertaken in 2010 indicated that<br />
babies who are exclusively breastfed<br />
until the age of 6 months has increased<br />
to 52%.<br />
Workshop on Sexual and<br />
Reproductive Health<br />
Alola Foundation worked together<br />
with Marie Stopes International (MSI)<br />
to organise a workshop sexual and<br />
reproductive health rights in the Maliana,<br />
Baucau and Dili districts.<br />
Joanica Olivieira, District Support<br />
Program Coordinator said the objective<br />
of the workshops is to increase<br />
the capacity of, and raise awareness<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Lokal<br />
Here are the most recent activities for Fundasaun Alola's on Education, Advocacy,<br />
Economic Development, and Maternal and Child Health Programs<br />
The babies who won the<br />
health baby competition during<br />
breastfeeding week receive their prizes<br />
Competition judges consider the<br />
applicants in the<br />
healthy baby competition<br />
among, the staff of Alola Foundation<br />
and MSI, their partners, and women’s<br />
organisations who are actively promoting<br />
reproductive and sexual<br />
health.<br />
Facilitator explaining sexual reproductive<br />
health rights to participants<br />
He said that international human<br />
rights laws relating to access to information<br />
and health facilities were discussed,<br />
as well as those relating to<br />
sexual and reproductive health, the<br />
International Convention on the Elimination<br />
of All Forms of Discrimination<br />
Against Women (CEDAW). The International<br />
Conference on Population<br />
and Development (ICPD), the Universal<br />
Declaration on Human Rights ad<br />
Millennium Development Goals 3, 4,<br />
5 and 6. Moreover, the workshops<br />
also talked about the national strategies<br />
and Timor Leste policies on sexual<br />
and reproductive health for youth,<br />
reproductive health options, and maternal<br />
health.<br />
The workshops had the full participation<br />
of staff from Alola Foundation,<br />
Marie Stopes International, CEDAW<br />
Committee Members, members of<br />
Rede Feto, FONGTIL and others.<br />
Eileen Kelly and Mario de Araujo cofacilitated<br />
the workshop with Alola<br />
Advocacy Staff.<br />
Joanica said the joint program with<br />
MSI would continue in the Ainaro and<br />
Viqueque districts to promote sexual<br />
and reproductive rights through dissemination<br />
of information and community<br />
discussion.
Savings and Credit<br />
Alola Foundation’s Economic Development<br />
Program facilitated Capacity<br />
Building to Alola groups in the districts<br />
on how to save and provide<br />
credit.<br />
Jorge explains how to complete an income<br />
form while participants practice bookkeeping<br />
procedures during Alola’s training<br />
The Alola group that took part in the<br />
training was comprised of people that<br />
come from 9 districts – Viqueque,<br />
Lospalos, Baucau, Manatuto, Ermera,<br />
Liquica, Maliana, Suai and Oecusse.<br />
Jaquelina Maria de Fatima Ximenes,<br />
activity coordinator, said the training<br />
was organised for Alola groups in the<br />
districts with the objective to assist<br />
these groups on how to manage and<br />
undertake budget planning.<br />
“We organised the training to provide<br />
knowledge for members on how to<br />
give credit to group members and<br />
how the group can make use of that<br />
money the donors have given”, said<br />
Jaquelina.<br />
The districts that already organised<br />
this program on savings and credit<br />
are Viqueque, Lospalos, Baucau,<br />
Manatuto, Ermera and Liquisa.<br />
The districts of Suai, Maliana and<br />
Oecusse will soon be organised.<br />
Each district has three groups.<br />
A total of 30 group members from<br />
each district participated in the train-<br />
ing. The groups that attended were<br />
given a small amount of money.<br />
This money serves to continue their<br />
saving activities and granting of credit<br />
in order to keep their program activities<br />
alive and generate profit in the<br />
future.<br />
Pre-Primary Teachers undertake numeracy<br />
activities using platicine during Alola’s<br />
Pre-Primary Teacher Training<br />
Eva, on of the participants, acknowledged<br />
Alola Foundation for its effort<br />
to facilitate this kind of training and<br />
sustain groups’ activities.<br />
Teachers Training<br />
Alola Foundation’s Education and<br />
Literacy Program provided training<br />
to21 pre-primary teachers on Unit<br />
107: Professionalism for Teachers<br />
and 109: Developing Arts in the<br />
Classroom. Ema Freitas, coordinator<br />
for this activity said the training was<br />
based on education programs from<br />
Alola Foundation in collaboration with<br />
the Ministry of Education and supported<br />
by Conoco Phillips. Alola undertook<br />
an assessment of 15 new<br />
teachers from the districts from 12<br />
different schools. This is the third<br />
time the training has been implemented.<br />
The Education Team substitute<br />
teachers for those who could not<br />
otherwise participate in the week of<br />
training without interrupting their<br />
teaching schedule. Alola’s teams pre-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Lokal<br />
pare the lesson plans according to<br />
the training themes and in line with<br />
pre-primary school curriculum. The<br />
training was formally opened and<br />
closed by Mr. Alfonso, delegate of the<br />
Director of Region II, and who also<br />
distributed certificates to participants.<br />
Teachers prepare lesson plans based on<br />
the new skills acquired<br />
during their training<br />
Mr Alfonso said the objective of the<br />
training is to increase the capacity of<br />
teachers to become more professional<br />
educators in schools and<br />
within the community. He said it is<br />
important that teachers consider<br />
which roles are effective at creating<br />
better learning nd that they follow the<br />
instructions given n good learning<br />
processes.<br />
The training prompted teachers on<br />
the importance of lesson-planning,<br />
allowed them to share experiences<br />
with other teachers including the<br />
challenges they face and management<br />
strategies.<br />
The training also provides an opportunity<br />
to consider the traditional learning<br />
processes of the past, and the<br />
current learning processes in which<br />
we do not use violence against children.<br />
The teachers were happy with<br />
and appreciative of the training provided<br />
by Alola Foundation, which allowed<br />
them to reflect on their responsibilities<br />
as teachers and role models<br />
for students.<br />
45
com um sentimento de justi-<br />
É<br />
ficado orgulho que me junto a<br />
vós esta manhã para presidir<br />
à imposição das boinas aos<br />
militares do 1º Destacamento de Fuzileiros<br />
Navais do país e à graduação<br />
do 2º Curso de Especialidade de<br />
Marinha da componente naval das F-<br />
FDTL.<br />
Ver erguer a nossa componente<br />
naval e assistir à formação, gradual<br />
mas segura, dos seus recursos humanos<br />
– os homens e mulheres<br />
preparados para servir na protecção<br />
do nosso vasto território marítimo –<br />
enche-me de satisfação. É um sinal<br />
positivo da capacidade de planear e<br />
realizar do país, do Estado e das F-<br />
FDTL.<br />
A entrada em funções, pela primeira<br />
vez, de um corpo nacional de tropas<br />
especiais, como os fuzileiros navais,<br />
é também motivo de satisfação. Num<br />
mundo moderno e globalizado caracterizado<br />
por ameaças às vezes difíceis<br />
de prever, corpos de tropas com<br />
preparação especial, como os fuzileiros<br />
navais, são uma capacidade<br />
importante das forças de Defesa.<br />
O mar é um factor cada vez mais importante<br />
na formulação da nossa<br />
estratégia como país.<br />
Em primeiro lugar, porque uma grande<br />
parte do nosso território está no<br />
mar.<br />
Em segundo lugar porque no mar<br />
está uma grande parte da riqueza do<br />
país. Todos temos presente o petróleo<br />
ou o gás.<br />
Mas devemos recordar igualmente a<br />
beleza coralífera, com o seu potencial<br />
turístico, a riqueza piscícola, com<br />
o potencial de melhoria da vida dos<br />
nossos pescadores, e a abundância<br />
de nódulos polimetálicos, com o seu<br />
potencial exportador de minerais.<br />
Esta riqueza tem também os seus<br />
custos, para garantir a segurança e<br />
prevenir o risco da sua perturbação.<br />
O mar é uma enorme fronteira que<br />
nos liga aos nossos vizinhos, nos<br />
aproxima dos outros povos e nos faculta<br />
uma importante via de comunicação<br />
com o resto do mundo e, em<br />
particular, com a nossa região.<br />
Os estreitos de grande profundidade<br />
que aqui existem conferem adicional<br />
relevância estratégica ao nosso mar.<br />
O nosso país – como país pacífico e<br />
defensor da estabilidade e harmonia<br />
regional e internacional – assumiu<br />
compromissos internacionais importantes<br />
para a segurança regional e<br />
para a nossa segurança como Nação.<br />
Destes compromissos nascem<br />
várias prioridades, quanto à protec-<br />
46<br />
Dr.J.Ramos-Horta<br />
Presidente da República<br />
ção do nosso mar. Por exemplo, prevenir<br />
e, se necessário, reprimir a sua<br />
utilização pela criminalidade internacional,<br />
em particular impedir a sua<br />
utilização por redes de tráfico de mulheres<br />
ou outros imigrantes ilegais;<br />
impedir a sua utilização pela pirataria<br />
ou o terrorismo; prevenir a pilhagem<br />
dos nossos recursos e promover a<br />
protecção ambiental e a utilização<br />
sustentada dos recursos do mar. As<br />
actividades de pesca ilegal, por<br />
exemplo, retiram presentemente ao<br />
nosso país receitas no valor de 35<br />
milhões de dólares por ano.<br />
São responsabilidades importantes,<br />
estas, que em parte assentam também<br />
nos ombros dos militares da<br />
Componente Naval.<br />
É necessário grande profissionalismo,<br />
formação técnica, rigor, disciplina<br />
e vontade de servir para estar à<br />
altura de cumprir estas responsabilidades<br />
que o país vos pede.<br />
Apelo ao vosso sentido de honra e<br />
ao vosso espírito de militares, para<br />
desempenharem sempre as vossas<br />
missões com disciplina, profissionalismo,<br />
e espírito de serviço à comunidade,<br />
ao povo e ao país.<br />
A Componente Naval só foi possível,<br />
no seu início, em 2001, devido à<br />
assistência amiga e desinteressada<br />
de Portugal. Foi também com o apoio<br />
de Portugal que formámos os seus<br />
efectivos, incluindo o seu quadro de<br />
oficiais superiores, que beneficiaram<br />
de formação altamente especializada,<br />
própria de uma marinha moderna<br />
e avançada.<br />
E hoje é com a importante participação<br />
de militares da Armada Portuguesa<br />
que a vossa formação foi realizada.<br />
A amizade desinteressada de Portugal<br />
e a importância atribuída às nossas<br />
relações fraternais é testemunhada<br />
pela visita que, nesta data,<br />
fazem ao nosso país o senhor Almirante<br />
Fernando Melo Gomes, Chefe<br />
de Estado Maior da Armada Portuguesa<br />
e o senhor Contra Almirante<br />
Silva Ribeiro, Subchefe do mesmo<br />
Estado Maior, bem como pela visita<br />
que nos faz o navio-escola Sagres,<br />
navio-emblema e embaixador de<br />
Portugal nos mares.<br />
Através do Senhor Almirante Melo<br />
Gomes quero agradecer a toda a<br />
Armada Portuguesa a dedicação que<br />
nos tem manifestado. Saúdo em<br />
especial os oficiais que nos ajudam a<br />
realizar o plano de formação das F-<br />
FDTL.<br />
Saúdo também o senhor Capitão de<br />
Fragata, Proença Mendes, comandante<br />
do navio Sagres, a quem dou<br />
as boas vindas.<br />
Através do senhor Embaixador de<br />
Portugal, Luís Barreira de Sousa,<br />
transmito ao Governo e ao Povo de<br />
Portugal o reconhecimento reiterado<br />
de Timor-Leste pelo apoio amigo que<br />
nos têm dado.<br />
Ao Senhor Genaral Taur Matan<br />
Ruak, Chefe do Estado Maior General<br />
das F-FDTL dou os meus parabéns<br />
e o meu abraço fraterno, pelo<br />
grande trabalho de renovação e desenvolvimento<br />
das F-FDTL, de que<br />
estas unidades da componente naval<br />
são exemplo. Peço ao irmão Taur<br />
que transmita a todos os militares<br />
das F-FDTL o reconhecimento e o<br />
apreço do Comandante-Chefe das<br />
Forças Armadas.<br />
A todos Muito Obrigado.<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Defeza<br />
Discurso por ocasião da imposição das boinas aos militares do 1º Destacamento de Fuzileiros Navais<br />
e da graduação do 2º Curso de Especialidade de Marinha da Componente Naval das F-FDTL<br />
Porto de Díli, 17 de Setembro de 2010
Maria Domingas Alves<br />
Ministra da Solidariedade Social<br />
A Solidariedade Social<br />
na Identidade Timorense<br />
A<br />
solidariedade social enquanto<br />
dimensão da identidade<br />
timorense foi sendo<br />
transmitida de geração em<br />
geração e veiculada nos hábitos e<br />
costumes rústicos do Povo de Timor-<br />
Leste. Grandes marcos na história timorense<br />
contribuíram para este Valor,<br />
desde as relíquias da Monarquia<br />
dos chamados ”Liurais”, à presença<br />
secular dos portugueses trazendo<br />
consigo a cristianização e com ela<br />
uma espiritualidade e moralidade assente<br />
no amor pelo próximo, o saber<br />
perdoar e pagar o bem pelo mal.<br />
Mais recentemente, todo o processo<br />
da Resistência Timorense vem denunciar<br />
a importância decisiva da<br />
mobilização de redes de entreajuda<br />
na concretização do grande objectivo<br />
da independência de Timor-Leste.<br />
Todas essas travessias cimentaram<br />
profundamente os valores de solidariedade<br />
entre os timorenses contribuindo<br />
para a coesão social.<br />
Nos dias de hoje, na nossa sociedade<br />
continuamos a observar a importância<br />
da solidariedade e reciprocidade<br />
assente nos laços de parentesco,<br />
na produção de bem-estar das<br />
famílias, quer na vivência do nosso<br />
dia-a-dia quer na celebração dos<br />
momentos importantes e ritualizados<br />
do ciclo da vida do timorense -<br />
nascimento, casamento e morte.<br />
Timor-Leste enquanto Nação independente<br />
continua a preconizar o<br />
valor da solidariedade em todas as<br />
esferas da vida social, reflectindo-o<br />
na edificação do Estado. É neste<br />
sentido que faz uma opção política,<br />
clara, por um Estado Social, onde as<br />
politicas sociais são autónomas e<br />
estão mobilizadas para a promoção<br />
da cidadania, indo a par, e não a<br />
reboque, das politicas económicas.<br />
Esta determinação, mais uma vez,<br />
coloca Timor-Leste numa posição de<br />
destaque no contexto regional do<br />
sudeste asiático. Não será isto<br />
também uma forma de identidade?<br />
Enformado na doutrina da Constituição<br />
da República Democrática de Timor-Leste<br />
que determina que todos<br />
os cidadãos têm direito à segurança<br />
e à assistência social, o IV Governo<br />
Constitucional criou, através do Decreto-Lei<br />
no 7/2007, de 5 de Setembro,<br />
o Ministério da Solidariedade Social<br />
(MSS). O MSS é a instituição governamental<br />
que tem a responsabilidade<br />
da concepção, execução, coordenação<br />
e avaliação da política definida<br />
e aprovada pelo Conselho de<br />
Ministros nas áreas de segurança<br />
social, assistência social, gestão de<br />
desastres e dos combatentes da<br />
libertação nacional.<br />
Na prossecução desta missão o MSS<br />
tem vindo a desenvolver um conjunto<br />
de medidas de politica social no<br />
quadro da Protecção Social, no<br />
sentido de promover e garantir os<br />
direitos de cidadania da população<br />
timorense. Alguns exemplos destas<br />
medidas são o subsídio universal de<br />
apoio a idosos e pessoas com<br />
invalidez, programa "bolsa mãe" e,<br />
com uma componente de reconheci-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Politika<br />
mento e valorização, as pensões dos<br />
veteranos. Estas politicas e programas<br />
assentam, entre outros, em princípios<br />
de universalidade, igualdade,<br />
equidade, solidariedade e complementaridade<br />
social.<br />
O princípio da solidariedade materializa-se<br />
na criação de mecanismos de<br />
responsabilização colectiva das pessoas<br />
entre si na promoção do bemestar<br />
social e, o principio da complementaridade<br />
na articulação das diferentes<br />
formas de protecção social<br />
promovidas pelo estado e pela sociedade,<br />
promovendo a co-responsabilização<br />
social e fundando a matriz das<br />
politicas sociais como politicas públicas.<br />
O principal desafio que se coloca ao<br />
MSS é o de, simultaneamente, evitar<br />
a situação de extrema pobreza promovendo<br />
a protecção social face à<br />
vulnerabilidade, ao mesmo tempo em<br />
que progressivamente, dentro das<br />
capacidades do Estado, amplia seus<br />
objectivos para a promoção da igualdade<br />
e das oportunidades – princípio<br />
máximo sobre o qual se organizam<br />
as democracias modernas.<br />
E é neste contexto que gostaríamos<br />
de ver envolvida toda a ajuda internacional<br />
de cooperação com Timor-<br />
Leste, ancorada em valores de participação,<br />
“empowerment” e cidadania<br />
dos timorenses.<br />
Para finalizar gostaria de destacar a<br />
importância da memória colectiva<br />
comum de solidariedade que experimentamos<br />
ao longo da nossa história,<br />
como uma componente importante<br />
da identidade nacional timorense.<br />
47
D<br />
esemprego sai hanesan<br />
factor principal nebe critiku<br />
teb-tebes iha mercado trabalho<br />
timorense. Realidade<br />
hatudu taxa de desemprego nebe<br />
a’as, afecta ba sociedade husi categoria<br />
diferente, particularmente jovens.<br />
Cada tinan cerca de 15.000 jovens<br />
timorenses buka atu insere iha<br />
mercado de trabalho. Obstaculo relevante<br />
aponta ba limitação de campo<br />
de trabalho ho dificuldades atu responde<br />
necessidades hot-hotu.<br />
Barreira seluk nebe ita hasoru mak<br />
falta de mecanismo eficaz atu facilita<br />
jovens hirak ne’e ba mercado de trabalho.<br />
Problema seluk nebe joven sira defronta<br />
hatudu ba falta de expriência<br />
profissional atu actua iha qualquer ramo<br />
de actividades económicas. Iha<br />
mercado de trabalho competitivo ohin<br />
loron, oferta emprego direciona fundamentalmente<br />
ba trabalhadores<br />
qualificados.<br />
Qualificação timorense sei fraco iha<br />
aspecto ida ne’e. Mosu críticas no lamentos<br />
oi-oin husi parte empregadores<br />
ba forma serviço timor oan sira<br />
nebe la profissional, obriga empregadores<br />
fo preferência ba mão-de-obra<br />
estrangeira.<br />
Saida mak precisa atu Timor-Leste,<br />
nebe foin tama iha fase de construção<br />
nasaun nian, bele compete, liuliu<br />
iha domínio estrageiros husi rain<br />
avançado no experiente?<br />
Realidade hirak ne’e sai motivo ba<br />
preocupação governo nebe, liu husi<br />
Secretaria de Estado da Formação<br />
Profissional e Emprego (SEFOPE),<br />
buka realiza actuação concertada,<br />
consistente no relevante atu responde<br />
ba problemas ne’e.<br />
Formação capital humano orientada<br />
ba mercado trabalho constitui factor<br />
fundamentalmente indispensável no<br />
exigência incondicional atu apoia jovens<br />
sira hetan conhecimentos técnicos<br />
nebe serve nudar fundamento no<br />
aposta sira ba tama iha mercado de<br />
trabalho.<br />
Maibe, de facto, nia implementação<br />
apresenta carácter complexo nebe<br />
precisa resolve desafios hot-hotu simultâneamente.<br />
Estabelecimento no promoção Politica<br />
de Formação Profissional sai hanesan<br />
base ida nebe articula visão<br />
ba sistema formação profissional,<br />
responde ba desenvolvimento com-<br />
48<br />
Bendito Freitas<br />
Sekretariu Estadu<br />
Relevância Formação Profissional no<br />
Acesso ba Emprego iha Timor – Leste<br />
petências atu bele contribui ba empregabilidade.<br />
Criação de Estratégia Nacional de<br />
Emprego (ENE) sai mos chave indispensável,<br />
nebe enquadra iha acções<br />
conducentes ba criação emprego iha<br />
política de recursos nia laran no<br />
condições socioeconómicas.<br />
Realização política ne’e envolve fundamentalmente<br />
entidades hot-hotu,<br />
públicas no privadas, atu contribui ba<br />
geração de emprego no rendimento.<br />
Implementação política no estratégia<br />
ne’e hala’o liu husi programas no<br />
actividades SEFOPE: Intensifica redes<br />
parcerias iha area formação profissional<br />
ho sociedade civil, ONGs,<br />
intituições religiosas nebe fornece<br />
formação profissional, centros de formação<br />
no fo apoia iha nivel financeira<br />
atu reforça no hasae qualidade<br />
sira nia instituições.<br />
Qualidade nebe temi sei determina<br />
liu husi acreditação nebe realiza husi<br />
Instituto de Desenvolvimento de Mão<br />
-de-Obra (INDMO), instituição autónoma<br />
iha sob-tutela SEFOPE nian.<br />
Aspecto seluk foca ba elevação<br />
qualidade formadores nebe bele mos<br />
fo garantia ba qualidade formandos<br />
nian. Ba questão ne’e, importante teb<br />
-tebes consolida negociações ho<br />
parceiros iha rai laran no rai liur atu<br />
realiza formação ida específica tuir<br />
necessidades.<br />
Medida seluk nebe mos essencial no<br />
promoção ba empregabilidade mak<br />
realização estágios profissionais iha<br />
contexto real do trabalho, nebe concentra<br />
ba melhoria competencias técnicas,<br />
conhecimentos no experiências<br />
ba recém-formados husi centros<br />
de formação iha serviço fatin, nebe<br />
facilita no promove articulação entre<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Politika<br />
Durante ocupação estrangeira, jovens barak lakon oportunidades atu adquire estudos adequados, tan<br />
compromissos ba participação inegociável iha luta ba libertação Pátria. Hafoin atinge mehi liberdade iha<br />
1999, sira tama iha situações incertas konaba paragens ou postos nebe pretende depois de luta<br />
prolongada. Medida saida mak bele resolve?<br />
‘wainhira sai husi sitema formativo’<br />
no ‘contacto ho mundo trabalho nian’.<br />
Necessário teb-tebes criação parceria<br />
diak ho sectores públicos no privados<br />
existentes, atu bele halo<br />
processo canalização ba formandos<br />
sira.<br />
Iha contexto emprego, indispensável<br />
estabelece medidas atu acesso ba<br />
emprego hanesan realização programa<br />
mediação entre candidatos<br />
trabalhadores ho empresas, ONGs<br />
no Instituições.<br />
Forma ida diak atu empregadores<br />
sira envolve ba resolução problemas<br />
desemprego iha rai laran.<br />
Alein serviço iha rai laran, promoção<br />
mão-de-obra iha estrangeiro constitui<br />
medida ida diak nebe apoia ba empregabilidade<br />
jovens, elevação capacidade<br />
no experiências serviço no<br />
amento ba rendimento familia nian.<br />
To’o oras ne’e, 424 jovens, inclui feto<br />
45, serviço iha corea do Sul iha<br />
sector fábricas, agricultura no pescas.<br />
Maibe iha parte seluk, governo continua<br />
insentiva ba comunidade no jovens<br />
desempregados sira ba criação<br />
serviço rasik, liu husi conjunto medidas<br />
disponibilizados hanesan conjugação<br />
esforços entre instituição<br />
micro-crédito, fornecedores de formação<br />
no formação empresarial.<br />
Sei precisa nafatin criação de medidas<br />
oi-oin atu resolve problemas.<br />
Governo, liu husi SEFOPE, la husik<br />
atu reflete konaba realidade nebe envolve<br />
timor oan tomak no tenta ho<br />
esforços atu responde necessidades<br />
ho objectivo fo apoio ba comunidade,<br />
liu-liu jovens, ba concretização sira<br />
nia mehi no tau sira iha situação<br />
nebe certo.
Jorge Serrano<br />
Emprezáriu<br />
Konsolidasaun ba Kreximentu Ekonomia Sosiál<br />
N<br />
u’udar paíz emerjente ne’ebé<br />
foin moris-buras, maka<br />
Timor-Leste hamosu interese<br />
ba investimentu. Orasne’e<br />
daudaun, liuliu iha tinan-rua ikus<br />
liubá-ne’e, sai tebes atrativu hodi<br />
hamoris kuriozidade no dada broker<br />
mundiál balun ne’ebé hakarak aproveita<br />
oportunidade ne’e atu bele espande<br />
sira-nia negósiu, liuhusi modu<br />
parseria hirak-ne’ebé dala-ruma la<br />
justu. Sekundarizasaun halo ba emprezariadu<br />
nasionál ( a secundarização<br />
do empresariado nacional ) –<br />
kaer ba razaun ladauk iha esperiénsia<br />
atu bele kaer obras boot no<br />
mós alegasaun ka’ít-ho defisiénsia<br />
téknika ( alegadas deficiências técnicas<br />
) - ne’e mak erru aliás sala ne’ebé<br />
ita haree halo beibeik husi parte<br />
sira-ne’ebé mai vizita ita ho pretestu<br />
atu jera parserias. Maibé, iha area<br />
sektor obras-públikas no konstrusaun,Timor<br />
oan barak mak iha ona<br />
esperiencia mai husi tempu okupasaun<br />
Indonésia.<br />
Maske krize 2006, hamosu tiha imajem<br />
negativa kona-ba ita-nia paíz idane’e,<br />
maibé lori mós aspetus pozitivus<br />
iha klarifikasaun ba kapasidade<br />
emprezariál nasionál (clarificação da<br />
capacidade empresarial nacional).<br />
Inklui iha ne’e, lori dezafius foun ba<br />
Estadu, tanba nesesidade evidente<br />
atu avansa ba oin liu husi dezenvolvimentu<br />
nasionál, toó iha momentu<br />
ne’ebá sei estagnadu hela.<br />
Hatuur mós iha klima igualdade laran,<br />
paz polítika no partidária ba ema<br />
hotu-hotu ne’ebé mak partisipa iha<br />
Estadu nia konstrusaun. No, hasoru<br />
difikuldades ne’ebé sente tebes duni<br />
no mós hasoru dezafius ne’ebé lansa<br />
hodi koko duni kapasidade emprezarius<br />
nasionais, maka sira-nia resposta<br />
afirmativa hodi hakarak tebes<br />
korresponde. Emprezarius nasionais<br />
simu ona oportunidade ne’ebé mak<br />
Estadu no sidadaun tomak sai nu’udar<br />
sasin.<br />
Ho kualidade diák é kuran(ladun diak),<br />
obras ida-ida sira hala’o duni<br />
ona; ne’e korresponde ba kreximentu<br />
-du-investimentu iha makinaria no iha<br />
rekursus umanus:ema profisionais<br />
espesializadus (profissionais altamente<br />
especializados).<br />
Maske-nune’e, iha investimentu balun<br />
mak la hala’o tuir fluksu prátiku<br />
(nem todo o investimento gerou fluxos<br />
práticos).<br />
Iha kazus oioin ka’it-ho mau-dezempeñu<br />
hodi prejudika ninia rezultadu<br />
finál.<br />
Maibé ninia persentajem kiik hela.<br />
Resposta maka ne’e : ita bele hateten<br />
katak Governu berani taruh ka<br />
dezafia, i Governu manan ka hetan<br />
tebes duni êzitu, tanba husi ne’e bele<br />
hatene duni ona kona-ba ida-idak (sira-ne’e<br />
no sira-ne’ebá ) ninia kapasidade.<br />
Estabelese tiha ona parserias saudáveis<br />
iha nível nasionál entre emprezáriu<br />
sira, hodi multiplika kapasidade<br />
resposta ba dezafius boot no<br />
boot liu-tán iha obras boot tebetebes<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Ekonomia<br />
nu’udar prevista iha Planu Estratéjiku<br />
Dezenvolvimentu Nasionál, ne’ebé<br />
Primeiro-Ministro / maun Bot Komandante<br />
Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão<br />
rasik mak dezeňa hanesan prova hatudu<br />
duni ninia sabedoria.<br />
Se karik oras-ne’e ita hatene didiák<br />
ona sé-de’it mak iha kapasidade no<br />
sé-de’it mak laiha, loos-duni ita bele<br />
afirma katak haktuir prosesu ida-hanesan<br />
de’it, Estadu rasik mós sei liu<br />
husi prosesu amaduresimentu (o processo<br />
de amadurecimento) kona-ba<br />
kumprimentu ba ninia kompromisu tomak<br />
iha kalendárius previstus laran<br />
(o cumprimento dos seus compromissos<br />
dentro dos calendários previstos).<br />
Emprezaáriu sira atu bele korresponde<br />
hasoru nesesidades tenke avansa<br />
ho ninia kapitál rasik (capital próprio),<br />
ne’ebé bele rekorre sistematikamente<br />
ba instituisaun bankária no<br />
kontratu-de-jurus (à banca e ao contrato<br />
de juros).<br />
Tempu to’o ona atu Estadu adjudika<br />
no selu prestasaun prevista (as tranches<br />
previstas) haktuir prazu ne’ebé<br />
estabelese iha akordu. Atrazu iha<br />
pagamentu, sai faktor demolidór ne’ebé<br />
bele prejudika empreza sira-nia<br />
likidêz funsionál (liquidez funcional<br />
das empresas).<br />
Jurus ka banku nia funan aas-liu, no<br />
atrazu hamosu husi parte Estadu,<br />
bele sai fali hanesan monstru-boot<br />
ida ba hamate empreza (tornam-se<br />
monstros de aniquilamento empresarial<br />
).<br />
(pajina 50...)<br />
49
Motor ba dezenvolvimentu ekonomia<br />
nasionál mak empréstimu bankáriu,<br />
maibé banku estranjeiru sira-ne‟ebé<br />
prezente iha Timor-Leste ninia partisipasaun<br />
laek ka uitoan de‟it. Uluk-ba<br />
sira partisipa, maibé oras-neé la‟e<br />
ona, Iha inkumprimentu endémiku,<br />
husi parte emprezárius balu, hodi<br />
hamenus konfiansa ba emprezariadu.<br />
Maske-nune‟e, hotu-hotu la hanesan.<br />
Ita labele haree de‟it parte kiik oanida<br />
ba buat tomak-ida (não se pode<br />
olhar “a parte pelo todo”), tanba ne‟e<br />
mós labele iha ema balun selu fali erru<br />
é sala ema-seluk halo-ba.<br />
Interese ba ita, tenke lailais define<br />
kritériu hala‟o banku iha Timor-Leste,<br />
hamutuk ho regulamentu kona-ba ninia<br />
funsionamentu. Paíz ka nasaun<br />
ne‟ebé mak laiha banku ba hala‟o investimentu<br />
maka ninia dezenvolvimentu<br />
sei la‟o tuir ritimu ida-neineik<br />
loos. Rítimu neineik prosesu dezenvolvimentu<br />
iha nasoens / paízes frájeis,<br />
iha ne‟ebé buat hotu-hotu la‟o<br />
sabaraut de‟it, sei la ajuda aliás sei<br />
laiha proveitu ruma.<br />
Dezenvolvimentu nasionál tenke hala‟o<br />
didi‟ak ho kuidadus-akrexidus<br />
ne‟ebé adekuadu, maibé tenke hala'o<br />
beibeik ba nafatin (nunca sem se<br />
deixar de fazer).<br />
Se karik, iha tinan-tinan ikus liubáne‟e,<br />
tuir kedan krize 2006, ita hetan<br />
tiha ona esperiénsia razoável, maka<br />
iha tinan-tinan tuirmai-ne‟e ita sei<br />
hetan prestasaun no konfiansa efektiva,<br />
iha empreza sira-ne‟ebé mak<br />
aprezenta ona ninia kapasidade ezekutiva<br />
no obra kualitativa. Ita bele<br />
haree, pur ezemplu, Pacote Referendo,<br />
ne‟e fó partisipasaun ativa atu<br />
bele estimula ekonomia nasionál no<br />
hamosu kapasidades foun (no surgimento<br />
de novas capacidades).<br />
Nune‟e-mós hatudu ninia frajilidades<br />
ne‟ebé serve nu‟udar back-up ba<br />
polítika futura atu bele utiliza di‟akliután<br />
fundus.<br />
Ho Pacote Referendo (PR) ita-nia<br />
paíz hatudu no komprova tiha ona<br />
sinal-vitál balun katak tebes duni iha<br />
esperansa é fiar-métin, hodi hamosu<br />
klase-média emerjente husi pulveri-<br />
50<br />
zasaun osan públiku ne‟e ( com a<br />
pulverização de dinheiros públicos ),<br />
uitoan ba paíz tomak liu husi inisiativa<br />
emprezariál – no define loloos<br />
kedan sé-de‟it mak serbi nu‟udar aktor<br />
ba dezenvolvimentu ( quem é<br />
quem no desenvolvimento ).<br />
Oras-ne‟e la‟o daudaun ona “Pacote<br />
de Desenvolvimento Descentrali-<br />
zado” (PDD), ne‟ebé inside loloos iha<br />
distritu ida-idak no pratika fahe responsabilidade<br />
ba rejiaun no distritu<br />
hotu-hotu (põe em prática a responsabilidade<br />
regional e distrital) liuhusi<br />
administradór sira husi Distritu, Sub-<br />
Distritu to‟o ba Xefes-de-Suco no Aldeia<br />
sira-hotu.<br />
Ne‟e esperiénsia di‟ak mak rezulta<br />
husi obras ne‟ebé reali-za, hanesanmós<br />
kriasaun fokalizada ba empregu<br />
(criação focalizada de emprego).<br />
Inevitável duni nesesidade ba banku<br />
nasionál ka kapitál partisipadu (capitais<br />
participados) iha ita-nia paíz<br />
ne‟e; banku-de-investimentu sira-ne‟ebé<br />
hetan estimulu hodi suporta dezenvolvimentu<br />
nasionál Timor-Leste<br />
(estimulados ao suporte do desenvolvimento<br />
nacional de Timor-Leste) labele<br />
kontinua nafatin hein-de‟it ba<br />
boa-vontade ka bainhira laiha karik<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Ekonomia<br />
ba de‟it instituisoens bankárias ho<br />
ninia identidade la‟os nasionál (falta<br />
dela de instituições bancárias de<br />
identidade não nacional).<br />
Risku atu sai-de‟it hanesan unidadede-kréditu<br />
(unidade de crédito) ihane‟e<br />
tenke sai hanesan-de‟it ho iha<br />
paízes sira-seluk. Timor-Leste, labele<br />
serve hodi kapta de‟it “mais-valias”<br />
ne‟ebé mak la sai aplikável ba<br />
dezenvolvimentu nasionál.<br />
Jera didi‟ak rikusoin iha Timor-Leste,<br />
ne‟e signifika katak bele partilla liu<br />
husi empreendedorizmu (poder partilhar<br />
através do empreen-dedorismo).<br />
Tanba ne‟e maka atu normaliza merkadu<br />
(normalizar os mercados) no<br />
kredibiliza ka hamosu fiar-metin husi<br />
paízes seluk (credi-bilizar além-fronteiras),<br />
presiza kedan ona halo konsagrasaun<br />
leis série-ida ( consagração<br />
de uma série de leis ) no ninia<br />
implementasaun hodi bele hetan konfiansa<br />
ne‟e ( a realização de levantamentos<br />
que levem à realização da<br />
confiança ).<br />
Hateten urjente no presiza tebetebes<br />
atu paíz ne‟e bele hatene didi‟ak<br />
sáida mak nu‟udar ninian iha nível<br />
patrimóniu no bele hatene didi‟ak<br />
mós sá-loos mak nuúdar domíniu<br />
Estadu nian no sá-loos mak nu‟udar<br />
domíniu privadu nian (consiga<br />
descortinar o que é do domínio do<br />
Estado e do domínio pri-vado).<br />
Lei kona-ba Rai (a Lei da Ter-ra)<br />
tenke akompaňa kedas hamu-tuk ho<br />
levantamentu kadastrál (levantamento<br />
cadastral imediato), servisu<br />
ida-ne‟ebé presiza kedan tinan barak<br />
atu bele realiza. Hala‟o tiha ona<br />
levantamentu ida-ne„e mak foin bele<br />
avansa ho garan-tia reál ba banku<br />
investimentu nian, no hala‟o hamutuk<br />
ho parseirus es-tratéjikus rejionais no<br />
supra-rejionais. Seidauk bele avansa<br />
iha investi-mentu nasionál bainhira<br />
seidauk halo regularizasaun ba informasaun<br />
ka-dastrál aktualizada (a regularização<br />
da informação cadastral<br />
estar actualizada).
Paíz ida-ne’e iha “mais-valias” ne’ebé<br />
ita-hotu hatene.<br />
Iha modelu-de-dezenvolvimentu emprezariál<br />
balun mak tenke fó apoiu no<br />
estimula emprezárius nasionais.<br />
Iha área telekomunikasaun, ezemplu<br />
ne’ebé Estadu hala’o hodi hatuur Timor<br />
Telecom, tenke da’it ba sektorde-atividade<br />
seluseluk - iha dezenvolvimentu<br />
infra-estruturas no jestaun<br />
aeroportuária, iha portu marítimu, iha<br />
eletrisidade, iha peskas no tranzformasaun<br />
ba peskadu, iha fatuk-ornamentál,<br />
iha estradas no auto-estradas,<br />
iha armazenamentu no refinasaun<br />
ba produtus petrolíferus, iha<br />
transportes no komunikasoens, iha<br />
teknolojias-de-informasaun, iha boasprátikas<br />
agríkolas no meiu-ambientál,<br />
no seluseluk-tán.<br />
Parserias ne’ebé envolve emprezárius<br />
nasionais sei fortalese no hametin-liután<br />
sosiedade em-jerál, hodi hadi’a<br />
kondisoens-de-vida di’akliu (melhoria<br />
das condições de vida) ba timoroan-sira,<br />
ne’ebé hamosu-mai husi<br />
kreximentu efetivu iha ekonomia<br />
nasionál.<br />
Timor-Leste hetan kreximentu aasliután<br />
média, mezmu-ke enfrenta hela<br />
mós krize internasionál globalizada.<br />
Maske-nune’e, ita labele matan-dukur<br />
beibeik tan-de’it númeru kreximentu<br />
ne’e, tanba ida-ne’e foin bele sai efetivu<br />
bainhira bele funsiona nu’udar<br />
multiplikador (só poderão ser efectivos<br />
se forem multiplicadores). Nune’e,<br />
signifika katak presiza no urjente<br />
tebes ba ita-hotu atu hanoin konaba<br />
oinsá mak estradas sai di’akliu, ita<br />
iha telekomunikasaun di’ak, eskola<br />
di’ak, no ospitál di’ak hodi atende<br />
didi’ak ema-nia saúde; hirak-ne’e foin<br />
sai efetivu bainhira hala’o ofensiva ba<br />
kriasaun indústria nível nasionál<br />
(lançar uma ofensiva na criação de<br />
indústria a nível naciona).<br />
Jera empregu, hodibele hamosu marka<br />
Timor-Leste iha merkadu rejionál<br />
no internasionál. La’ós atu sai-de’it<br />
hanesan paíz importadór-masivu,<br />
maibé tenke sai nu’udar paíz ne’ebé<br />
hetan ekilibriu iha ninia balansa-ko-<br />
mersiál (um país de equilíbrio na sua<br />
balança comercial). Esportasaun iha<br />
áreas espesífikas no auto-sufisiênsia<br />
iha kampu alimentar, ne’e nu’udar<br />
aposta ka dezafiu mak ita tenke tetudidi’ak.<br />
Timor-Leste, la hetan kondenasaun<br />
atu sai hanesan illa-sorin balu ne’ebé<br />
hamosu laran-moras no inveja hosi<br />
parte seluk, ka nu’udar mordasa<br />
ekonómika tanba iha loos dependénsia<br />
boot ba esterior; maibé tenke sai<br />
nu’udar paíz ho naran-di’ak tanba ninia<br />
korajem atubele hatudu ninia anrasik<br />
iha kontestu internasionál (pela<br />
sua coragem em se afirmar no contexto<br />
internacional).<br />
Timor-Leste, ohin-loron hatuur ambiente<br />
emprezarial ne’ebé obriga iha<br />
kuidadus espesífikus, maibé iha<br />
lisaun-ida mak ita-hotu aprende ona :<br />
hahú oras-ne’e ba oin bele krexe<br />
buras de’it iha ita-nia laran bainhira<br />
haree ba liur (só se pode crescer cá<br />
dentro olhando para fora) no ba<br />
ezemplus di’ak ne’ebé rejista iha<br />
mundu rai-klaran.<br />
Emprezariadu nasional kapasitadu<br />
ona no prontu atu responde ba dezafius<br />
dezenvolvimentu nian. Interese<br />
ba ita, katak kreximentu, iha nível<br />
infra-estruturas no em-jeral, tenke<br />
halo haktuir prinsípiu respeitu ba emprezárius<br />
nasionais, husi parte sirane’ebé<br />
mak hatene no investe iha<br />
dezempeňu ba kualidade no justisa<br />
sosial, ba dezenvolvimentu paíz no<br />
ba ninia povu (em nome do desenvolvimento<br />
do país e do seu povo).<br />
Oras-ne’e, ita-hotu hatene didi’ak<br />
katak, iha tebes vontade nasionál ida<br />
-de’it atu halo pasus-konkretus iha<br />
dalan ba dezenvolvimentu estrutural<br />
ho umanu (no caminho do desenvolvimento<br />
estrutural e humano).<br />
Iha Timor-Leste, bele asegura katak<br />
iha duni kapasidade no kualidade,<br />
hetan respeitu husi ema hotu-hotu,<br />
hodi bele hala’o kontrusaun ba Nasaun<br />
ida-ne’e, hanesan-mós hametin<br />
ambiente propísiu ba halo konsolidasaun<br />
iha kreximentu ekonomia sosial<br />
(consolidação do crescimento da<br />
economia social).<br />
Bem-hajam!<br />
À bem da Nação!<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Ekonomia<br />
51
I<br />
n June 2010, a Belarus based<br />
computer security firm identified a<br />
new computer malware program,<br />
Stuxnet, which was repeatedly<br />
crashing the computers of one of its<br />
clients. In August , a German security<br />
researcher suggested that the program’s<br />
real target might be the Iranian<br />
nuclear program and that clues<br />
suggested that Israel was the creator.<br />
Since then, there has been growing<br />
alarm about the worm. The code has<br />
appeared in many countries, notably,<br />
China, India, Indonesia and Iran. It<br />
appears to design to attack a certain<br />
type of Siemens Industrial control<br />
computer, used widely to manage oil<br />
pipelines, electrical power grids and<br />
many kinds of nuclear plants.<br />
A 2007 Federal Bureau of Investigation<br />
report asserted that 108 countries<br />
had at least some offensive cyberwarfare<br />
capabilities. And there<br />
has been widespread speculation<br />
that a secret cyberwar “arms race” is<br />
underway as countries build sophisticated<br />
software and hardware attack<br />
capabilities. Most recent military engagements,<br />
like Russia’s quarrel with<br />
Georgia in 2008, have been accompanied<br />
by “cyberwar” in which Government<br />
and Financial websites have<br />
been targeted.<br />
In his book “At the Abyss”, Thomas<br />
C. Reed, a former secretary of the<br />
United States Air force, described a<br />
Trojan Horse, in which industrial control<br />
software was covertly added by<br />
52<br />
Partha Sarathi Bhowmick<br />
IT-Manager-Webmaster / PR<br />
On the Edge of Cyber<br />
Warfare<br />
the United States to equipment being<br />
shipped to the Soviet union. When<br />
the equipment was installed in a trans<br />
- Siberian gas pipeline in June 1982,<br />
it malfunctioned, touching off a huge<br />
explosion.<br />
Stuxnet is the first widely analyzed<br />
malware program that is intended to<br />
jump from windows- based computers<br />
to a specialized system used<br />
for controlling industrial equipment.<br />
Previously, most high profile cyberattacks<br />
have focused on websites and<br />
corporate or military networks.<br />
There has also been speculation<br />
about episodes that could have been<br />
caused by sabotage. For example,<br />
The Los Angeles Times reported in<br />
2001 that intrusions into the network<br />
that controlled the electrical grid were<br />
traced to someone in China. Later<br />
reports of other electric grid attacks<br />
have often included allegations that<br />
the break-ins were orchestrated by<br />
the Chinese, although no proof has<br />
been produced.<br />
Several hints in the code suggest<br />
Israel authorship, including a possible<br />
allusion to the book of Esther, which<br />
describes Jewish retaliation against a<br />
Persian threat, and a number –<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Teknolojia<br />
19790509- that appears to refer to<br />
the date of execution of an Iranian<br />
Jew.<br />
But many military and intelligence<br />
analysts, including several with direct<br />
knowledge of Israeli intelligence operations,<br />
have said it is unlikely that it<br />
is either an Israeli or United States<br />
operation would leave such blatant<br />
clues. That leaves the possibility that<br />
someone wanted to plant evidence<br />
pointing to Israeli involvement.<br />
There has been widespread fear<br />
about attacks that jam or damage<br />
large financial networks, transportation<br />
systems or any of the modern<br />
infrastructure underlying industrial<br />
economies.<br />
The first step in securing these systems<br />
has been to ensure that they<br />
are entirely separated from the internet.<br />
However, even if they are separated,<br />
in many cases they used internal<br />
networks based on the internet<br />
protocol, as well as common computing<br />
equipment, like Microsoft and Intel-based<br />
computers. That means<br />
they remain potentially vulnerable to<br />
a “sneaker net” attack, in which a malicious<br />
program is physically carried<br />
into an isolated network.<br />
In the case of Stuxnet, computer security<br />
specialists generally agree that<br />
it was not the work of one person but<br />
rather a team of sophisticated programmers.<br />
Certainly nations with cyberwar<br />
capabilities are potential suspects,<br />
but they are not the only possible<br />
creators.
Madre Guilhermina Marçal<br />
Premiu Direitus Umanus 2009<br />
D<br />
ecreto Concíliar Gravissimum<br />
Educationis considera<br />
Eduacação mak base fundamental<br />
no importante teb<br />
-tebes iha ema nia moris, nebe influência<br />
makas iha progresso social<br />
tempo hot-hotu nian.<br />
Igreja desempenha-an tomak ho dedicação<br />
ba capacitação integral pessoa<br />
humana nian hodi alcance objectivo<br />
ultimo ne’e rasik. Tan ne’e wainhira<br />
ita contempla kna’ar no contribução<br />
Igreja Católica iha Timor-<br />
Leste ba formação no confirmação<br />
Timor-Leste nian, ita la se’es hosi<br />
hanorin Igreja nian nebe hatudu<br />
mai ita iha documentos conci-liares<br />
no iha Evangelho rasik. Cristo lia tun<br />
dehan dehan: “ Imi ba mundo tomak<br />
hodi hanorin no sarani ema hotu.”<br />
Igreja Timor-Leste, fiel nafatim ba<br />
mandato missíanica ida ne’e hodi<br />
hala’o nia kna’ar iha tempo hot-hotu,<br />
hodi forma, educa ema atu sai ema<br />
lolo’os iha sector hot-hotu liuliu<br />
“Educação mak sai nudar índole<br />
importante ba Povo hodi transforma<br />
mentalidade no llori impacto [postivo<br />
ba desenvolvimento ninia moris rasik.<br />
Forma ema sai ema matenek nebe<br />
integrado no apacitado iha n”ivel hothotu,<br />
liu-liu iha nível moral social no<br />
cultural. Basa, ema mak sai centro<br />
primo iha universo ida ne’e.<br />
Objectivo primário Igreja Católica<br />
iha setor educação mak:<br />
Formação Integral Pessoa Humana<br />
nian” hodi orienta ba fim ultimo no<br />
simultaneamente ba diak ema hotu<br />
nian iha nação tomak no liu-liu ita<br />
rain. Hosi educação mak religioso/a<br />
sacerdote sira lori Timor oan sira desenvolve<br />
sira nia dotes físicos, morais,<br />
intelectuais hodi adquire sentido<br />
responsabilidade ba vida, liberdade<br />
ho rectidão, nune’e tulun no lori sira<br />
hola parte activamente iha vida social<br />
-política durante luta naruk, to’o<br />
hetan ninia autodeterminação, nudar<br />
“Povo Soberano no Independente.”<br />
Ita ida-idak consciente nafatin katak<br />
Igreja Católica nudar Inan, nia hala’o<br />
kna’ar hodi defende ema nian moris,<br />
foti sa’e existência ema nian nudar<br />
valor a’as liu hot-hotu, hodi sensibiliza<br />
no hamahan Timor oan tomak<br />
iha tempo hot-hotu, liu-liu iha tempo<br />
ocupação Indonésia nian. Nia la hakfodak,<br />
la tauk, nia metin nafatin iha<br />
ninia princípio sira, hodi hala’o ninia<br />
missão promária mak educa, forma<br />
consciência moral no Social hodi<br />
salva Povo iha terus nian laran. Igreja<br />
sai única força nebe habrani-an tuir<br />
Moral Social-Educacional<br />
Evangelho Cristo nian hodi halian lian<br />
netik lian laek sira nian ba mundo<br />
tomak. Igreja tau ba kotuk buat hothotu,<br />
consentra deit iha promoção integral<br />
humanidade nian liu hosi<br />
educação, no kna’ar social, hodi<br />
habiban Timor oan tomak hola parte<br />
efetiva iha decisão política “ UKUN<br />
RASIK-AN.”<br />
Igreja Católica consciente teb-tebes<br />
iha ninia kna’ar hot-hotu; katak liu<br />
hosi sector Educação mak bele forma,<br />
educa, hodi transforma mentalidade<br />
Povo nian ba autodeteminação<br />
nebe responsável no coerente; tamba<br />
ida ne’e sai direito prioritário no<br />
único ba Povo Timor-Leste hanesan<br />
mo’os ba humanidade tomak iha<br />
universo ida ne’e.<br />
Ho espírito inan, mestra Nia educa<br />
ema ida-idak atu hola consciência<br />
ba nia moris hodi respeita, hadomi<br />
niaan nudar ema criatura Nai<br />
Maromak nian.<br />
Fo’o valor ba ninia existência nudar<br />
ser humano ida, la husik niaan sai<br />
instrumento ba política malgorada<br />
ida.<br />
Maibe hatene niaan nudar ida nebe<br />
iha capacidade intelectual, moral<br />
social cultural no política.<br />
História Igreja Católica, marka história<br />
existência, Povo Timor-Leste<br />
nian, basa iha tempo susar no terus,<br />
ksolok no tanis, Nia hola parte iha<br />
terus Povo nian hodi loke fuan<br />
hamahan maun-alin kbi’it laek sira ho<br />
dalan oi-oin no oin sa, mak bele salva<br />
Povo hosi kroat no terus nia laran.<br />
Igreja nudar inan, mestra, medianeira<br />
fo’o apoio moral educacional hodi<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Relijiaun<br />
sensibiliza , motiva Timor-oan sira<br />
luta ba justiça no verdade to’o hetan<br />
Libertação Nascional. Iha documento<br />
Igreja Católica nian dehan:<br />
Ksolok, esperança, tristezas, no<br />
angústias ema ohin loron nian, liu-liu<br />
kiak no mukit sira no ba sira hotu<br />
nebe terus, sira mo’os koko duni<br />
esperiência ksolok, esperança, tristezas,<br />
no angústias apostólos Cristo<br />
Jesus nian iha tempo neba.<br />
Gaudium Et Spes no.1. Esperiência<br />
ida ne’e sai fio conductor ba ema fiar<br />
nain no apostolos Cristo nian.<br />
Ami halo ida sai nudar ami nia esperiência<br />
rasik hodi moris hamutuk ho<br />
Povo Timor-Leste iha tempo crucial<br />
nia laran to’o rai-hun mutin.<br />
Esperiência ida ne’e la hela deit<br />
nudar servico caritativo, social no<br />
humani-tário deit maibe terus-susar<br />
no fakar ran Povo Timor-Leste<br />
nian taka ho “Martírio Missionário:,<br />
Padres, Ma-dres, Seminaristas, Acólitos<br />
Jovens no Jornalista hanesan P.<br />
Albreth Ka-ren, SJ, P.Dewanto, SJ,<br />
P. Hilário Madeira diocesano, P.<br />
Francisco dio-cesano, madre Erminia<br />
Cazzaniga, FdCC missionária Italiana,<br />
madre Celeste de Carvalho,<br />
FdCC Timoroan, Fraters: Jacinto,<br />
Valério, Fernando, Agus Muliawan<br />
jornalista, Rudy acólito, Titisandora.<br />
Sira ne’e sai nudar previlégio bo’ot ba<br />
Igreja Católica no ba Povo tomak iha<br />
Timor-Leste basa sira hola parte iha<br />
Martírio Cristo nian hodi hakmanek<br />
liu tan Idependência no Soberania<br />
Povo nian.<br />
(pajina 54...)<br />
53
Esperiências Mártires Timor-oan rihun<br />
ba rihun bo’ok nafatin Povo<br />
tomak atu moris iha integridade hodi<br />
hametin liu tan unidade nascional nebe<br />
naruk no klean liu tan.<br />
Contribuição Igreja Católica la’os deit<br />
iha sector educação, moral social<br />
maibe iha sectores hot-hotu. Hanesan<br />
iha crise política 2006, padres,<br />
madres loke odamata conventos, paroquias<br />
no escolas atu protégé Timor<br />
-oan rihun ba rihun nebe dala ida tan<br />
enfrenta ca’os política iha Timor<br />
laran. Durante evento drátmatico ida<br />
ne’e, Igreja la hela nono’ok deit<br />
maibe fo’o segurança 24 horas, buka<br />
ai-han, sanitação, saúde, atende chamada<br />
emergenciais hosi grupo hothotu<br />
atu acude sira nebe la se’es<br />
hosi klo’ot no mate nia laran.<br />
Missão ida ne’e lori mo’os risquio ba<br />
ami nia vida rasik, maibe buka habrani-an<br />
hodi fiar iha Maromak bele hothotu<br />
atu salva deit povo iha klo’ot no<br />
mate nia laran.<br />
Igreja Católica iha arte serbi nian ba<br />
ema hot-hotu. La fihir no la hili, se’e<br />
deit mak precisa nia tulun nia pronto<br />
atu fo’o apoio tuir posibilidade nebe<br />
iha atu habiban maluk sira bele hetan<br />
netik lahan mahan ruma, paz no harmonia<br />
iha nia situação moris nebe<br />
deit. Hamaluk ki’ik no kiak oan sira<br />
hanesan hamaluk Cristo Jesus rasik.<br />
54<br />
Educação no promoção<br />
ba Jovem sira<br />
Foin sa’e sira mak futuro Timor-Leste<br />
nian. Atu hakmanek liu tan Timor<br />
iha futura, Igreja-Estado no Institituições<br />
hot-hotu precisa investe maka’as<br />
iha recursos humanos liu-liu labarik<br />
no jovem sira nebe sei sai ai-rin<br />
dolen Timor-Leste nian iha futuro. Ita<br />
precisa Educa no promove sira hodi<br />
facilita sira nia moris, liu hosi educação<br />
nebe integrada. Nune’e bele produz<br />
oanfeto no mane nebe iha<br />
capacidade intellectual moral, social<br />
cultural política ba futura nebe nabilan<br />
liu tuir ita rai doben nian naran<br />
Timor-Lorosa’e.<br />
Ita hot-hotu precisa hola consciência<br />
colectiva ida oin sa mak ita serbisu<br />
hamuuk hodi hadia qualidade educação<br />
iha ita nia rain no liu-liu produz<br />
deit matenek nain nebe hatene distingue<br />
valores culturais morais no religiosas<br />
atu bele sai construtores e<br />
pensadores potenetes ba edificação<br />
Povo Timor-Leste tuir ema sira nebe<br />
fiar iha Nai Maromak.<br />
Iha tempo luta nian ita hotu tau ita<br />
nia fragmento de contribuição ba<br />
UKUN RAIK-AN; ohin loron ita precisa<br />
luta nafatin hodi hadia Povo nia<br />
moris atu bele halakon mukit, kiak iha<br />
rai laran nune’e Povo bele sente duni<br />
katak nia Povo ida be Independente<br />
no Soberano. Reconhece-an hanesan<br />
ema livre no independente.<br />
Social- Cultural -Moral<br />
Timor-Leste precisa ema professional,<br />
responsável, constante veritiero,<br />
honesto hodi bele salva Povo hosi<br />
coloniazação foun nebe ha’u rasik<br />
hanaran: “Nova Coloniazação Cultural<br />
e Econômica.” Tan sa ha’u dehan<br />
ida ne’e? Tamba ita hare ba realidade<br />
Timor-Leste nian, hau preocupa<br />
teb-tebes , keta halo ba, Independência<br />
sai deit proveito sorin ki’ik-oan<br />
ida no ba ema mundo seluk deit.<br />
Ha’u pessoalmente la kohi buat hanesan<br />
ne’e mosu ba ha’u nia compa-<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Relijiaun<br />
triota sira. Hakarak Timor ida nebe livre<br />
hosi pluralidade social política<br />
nebe la fo’o vantagem ba Povo rasik.<br />
Povo Timor-oan tomak iha direito atu<br />
moris iha lia lo’os no justiça nia laran<br />
atu bele tane a’as nafatin vitória<br />
triunfante ita nian. Basa ida ne’e sai<br />
nudar causa primária ba Timor oan<br />
hotu.<br />
Ó iha rai liur eh laran, ó duni mak<br />
precisa tau iha ó nia laran valores<br />
vitais sira ne’e hodi foti nafatin ita<br />
DOBEM TIMOR-LESTE.<br />
Timor-oan hotu precisa sai matenek<br />
liu tan iha ita nia fiar nebe sai roman<br />
ba ita nia moris nudar Povo Ukun<br />
Rasik-an. Consciente ba valores morais<br />
no culturais- sociais. Hatene distingue<br />
ida nebe los no la lo’os diak no<br />
a’at Sai ema socia nebe inteligente<br />
no responsável ba hahalok no lian<br />
fuan. Sai ema nebe Madura iha ninia<br />
política rasik, la sai ema prasita<br />
maibe iha ninia personalidade rasik<br />
hodi contribui ba Desenvolvimento<br />
Nascional. Moris iha vid social nebe<br />
metin, wainhira ita hatene hakna’ar<br />
hamotuk, tau ba kotuk ida-idak nia<br />
ideologia política hodi hare ba bem<br />
estar comum.<br />
Ne’e katak sai ema social nebe iha<br />
base fundamental moral-religiosa.<br />
Nudar São Tomas de Mora, Patrono<br />
politicos no governan-te sira nian<br />
dehan: Político no gover-nante nebe<br />
diak katak : Ema la bele haketaak<br />
malu hosi Maromak nem política<br />
haketak-an hosi moral. Hano-in ida<br />
ne’e urge ema hot-hotu liu-liu politicos<br />
no nai-ulun sira atu la bele<br />
haketak-an hosi Maromak no moral.<br />
Basa dala ruma mo’os mosu ida<br />
ne’e mai ita.<br />
Dala ruma bele aconte-ce katak, ita<br />
moris iha era gloalização nian nebe<br />
valores mo’os la relevante ona mai<br />
ita. La iha ona sasukat ida hodi orienta<br />
ita nia moris nudar Povo Soberano<br />
no Independente.<br />
Quando buat hirak ne’e la iha, ne’e<br />
mak ita hamenos ita nia soberania<br />
hanesan Povo no Nação Independente<br />
ida.
Timor-oan precisa tane a’as ninia valores<br />
culturais, morais e sociais.<br />
Timor-oan ema ida nebe hatene respeita<br />
nia maluk sira, hadomi, batinas<br />
tulun nain, no hamtauk Nai Maromak.<br />
Nia ema ida nebe social teb-tebes,<br />
katak intuitivo; hatene si’ik ema seluk<br />
nia precisa. Nia la precisa ema tenki<br />
husu eh dehan mak nia foin halo<br />
maibe nia ema idabe flexívle, laran<br />
responsável no coerente teb-tebes<br />
iha oras no fatin nebe deit. Tambane’e<br />
ita precisa recopera fali riku soin<br />
sira ne’e liu hosi educação no mo’os<br />
liu hosi formação educação moral,<br />
social, cultural eh Educação Cívica<br />
no Moral Religião, atu bele hadia no<br />
hametin liu tan valores vitais moris<br />
Timor-oan nian.<br />
Familia mak viveiro moris Nação<br />
no Igreja nian<br />
Nação nebe mak forte wainhira abut<br />
familia nian metin no forte. Família<br />
mak motor desenvolvimento humano<br />
iha sosciedade tomak. Basa iha neba<br />
mak membro família tomak buka simu<br />
no fó atu luta hodi atinge ninia<br />
ideias eh metas. Desenvolvimento fa-<br />
milia liga nafatin ho ninia experiências,<br />
processo sira hotu sujeita ba<br />
família. Nune’e mo’os oin sa mak ita<br />
bele serbisu maka’as liu tan atu sasukat<br />
ida nebe mak sai configuração<br />
familiar nebe contribui ba bem-estar<br />
membros família nian; nune’e deit<br />
mak ita bele hein hodi elabora capacidades<br />
familia iha sociedade no<br />
Igreja Católica iha Timor-Leste. Família<br />
nebe abut iha Evangelho nudar<br />
sarani nia buka moris tuir ninia charisma<br />
no fiar sarani nian hodi educa<br />
no forma nia oan sira tuir sira nia fiar<br />
sarani; atu oin sa mak bele lori oan<br />
siar tane vida nudar moris Nai Maromak<br />
nian rasik tau hela iha familia<br />
ne’e nia moris. Familia diak buka respeita<br />
moris ki’ik oan sira nian, buka<br />
bali di-diak to’o moris ne’e nia rohan.<br />
Basa nação precisa ema no moris<br />
nebe saudável ba edificação Nação<br />
no Kreda iha mundo rai klaran.<br />
Papa João Paulo II, papa ida nebe<br />
tau neon metin no atenção tomak ba<br />
familia, hodi fo’o sai document importante<br />
tebes ida konba Familia<br />
( Familiares Consosrtio.) hadomi no<br />
respeita moris família nian sai nudar<br />
direito universal no decreto divino Nai<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Relijiaun<br />
Maromak nian ba mundo.<br />
Familia mak sai origem primário<br />
moris sociedade-kreda no nação<br />
nian.<br />
Família saudável no sustentável ho<br />
valore mak bele hakmanek liu tan<br />
Kreda no Nação.<br />
Ohin loron Igreja Católica Timor-Leste<br />
tama iha era foun nebe nakonu ho<br />
desafios no dificuladades liu-liu iha<br />
era globalização no modernização.<br />
Ita hare no hatene tamba esperiência<br />
arasik, lala’ok moris Povo Timor-<br />
Leste nian sai oin seluk, no dala ruma<br />
hado’ok-an hosi valores morais,<br />
culturais no religiosos.<br />
Dificuldades no problemas foun sirane’e<br />
mak hanesan: tráfico humano,<br />
mudança cli-mática, pobreza, crise<br />
de identidade no liu-liu ema fo’o prioridade<br />
liu ba ecosistema liu fali ema<br />
ne’e rasik. Caso sira hanesan desafia<br />
teb-tebes Igreja Católica iha Timor-<br />
Leste.<br />
Ita hare katak espírito individualismo<br />
no grupismo sai mahar dau-daun iha<br />
rai laran.<br />
La’aok sira hanesan ne’e lori mo’os<br />
ema hado’ok-an hosi Nai Maromak.<br />
Basa sira considera, moris fiar sarani<br />
nian eh ema fiar nain nian sai moda<br />
antiga nebe ala iha revância ba moris<br />
ohin loron nian.<br />
Prepara feto no mane nebe matenek<br />
iha ulun fuan no neon atu serbi no<br />
desenvolve Povo Timor-Leste tomak.<br />
Ne’e precisa buka estratégia política<br />
foun nebe metin nafatin iha hanorin<br />
Cristo no Santa Kreda nian atu tane<br />
nafatin moris Povo nian nebe livre no<br />
responsável ba futuro ida nebe<br />
saudável no próspero no interagado.<br />
Inan santa Kreda buka nafatin hodi<br />
banati tuir Inan Virgem nian atu sai<br />
educadora, formadora ideial ba Povo<br />
Timor-oan tomak.<br />
Futuro Timor-Leste depende ba quali<br />
-dade educação no esforçoa nebe ita<br />
fo’o ba labarik no foin sa’e sira.<br />
Loron matan sa’e lori naroman foun,<br />
hakmanek Povo ho kbi’it Espírito<br />
Santo no tulun Virgem Maria nian.<br />
55
It is time to leave stoning as a form of capital punishment behind us as a race, to relegate it to the same place we<br />
have put stringing heretics on racks -- in a chapter of our past that we are not proud of<br />
The Huffington Post, July 8, 2010<br />
I<br />
am aware, as I am writing this,<br />
that I come from a country far<br />
from Iran, and a religious and<br />
political culture that are different<br />
in many ways.<br />
But there are elements that tie all religions<br />
together. Compassion and<br />
love are two of those elements.<br />
Any person who has studied the<br />
words of God or felt Allah's blessings<br />
has been privileged to know His<br />
mercy and forgiveness.<br />
So how could it be that He would approve<br />
of our treating our fellow men<br />
and women -- our brothers and sisters<br />
in his family -- with anything<br />
less?<br />
Sakineh Mohammadie Ashtiani and<br />
her children are His creations as<br />
surely as you and I are.<br />
We do not always do well at interpreting<br />
the will of our God in this world.<br />
My Church, the Catholic Church,<br />
does not stand above reproach in<br />
this.<br />
We will always have the stain of the<br />
Spanish Inquisition and the torture of<br />
innocents assumed to be heretics in<br />
our history.<br />
Today the Church is dealing with<br />
shortfalls in its treatment of those<br />
who have abused children, God's<br />
precious young ones.<br />
But we must remember that these<br />
acts are the acts of Man, not acts of<br />
God.<br />
As individuals, and citizens of this<br />
planet, can only say that we will continually<br />
strive to do better and to better<br />
reflect God's wisdom and mercy in<br />
our lives and in the communities and<br />
civilizations we build.<br />
As we strive to do this, we must at<br />
times recognize that barbarities that<br />
were a part of past cultures in our<br />
religious history no longer have a<br />
place in our lives.<br />
In the case of stoning, its roots are<br />
not in the Quran but are in the Torah,<br />
believe to have been written in 500<br />
BC -- a world that has little in com-<br />
56<br />
Dr.J.Ramos-Horta<br />
Presidente da República<br />
An Appeal for Sakineh Mohammadie Ashtiani<br />
mon with our world today.<br />
It is time to leave stoning as a form of<br />
capital punishment behind us as a<br />
race, to relegate it to the same place<br />
we have put stringing heretics on<br />
racks -- in a chapter of our past that<br />
we are not proud of.<br />
The case of Sakineh Mohammadie<br />
Ashtiani -- a terrified woman who<br />
does not even speak the language of<br />
her accusers -- is an opportunity for<br />
us to show God's wisdom and mercy<br />
to another.<br />
I do not pretend to be a religious<br />
scholar and I do not pretend to be<br />
Dezembro 2010 – №3<br />
Media<br />
able to comment on the legal proceedings<br />
or details of her case. It is<br />
as a fellow human being that I appeal<br />
to those who are the Supreme Leaders<br />
of Islamic Justice, the interpreters<br />
of the will of Allah on Earth, to show<br />
His compassion and love, if not to the<br />
mother than at least to the two young<br />
children whose lives will be destroyed<br />
by this event, to touch their heads<br />
with the understanding that Allah<br />
would not want his innocent young<br />
children to be exposed to such extreme<br />
suffering at the hands of Man.<br />
We can do better than this.