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References Muellegger, E. (2010). Risk of Reuse – Study on the reuse of treated wastewater and sanitised human excreta in Uganda. Master thesis, University for Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Austria. Muellegger, E., Freiberger, E., McConville, J., Samwel, M., Rieck, C., Scott, P. Langergraber, G., (2010). Operation and maintenance of sustainable sanitation systems. Fact sheet SuSanA Working <strong>Group</strong> 10, Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), http://www.susana.org. Uganda Discharge Regulation (1999). Standards for Discharge of Effluent into Water or on Land Regulations, 1999. Statutory Instruments Supplement No.4. 12th February, 1999, Kampala, Uganda. WHO (2003). Nickel in Drinking-water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water quality, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland (http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/nickel.pdf). WHO (2006). WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater. Volume II Wastewater use in Agriculture. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO (2008). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Third edition, incorporating the first and second addenda, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland. ___________________________________________________________________________ 30 IWA <strong>Specialist</strong> <strong>Group</strong> on Use of Macrophytes in Water Pollution Control: Newsletter No. 37
AREA AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN CEPT-CWL, TIDAL FLOW CWL AND FRENCH DESIGN CWL SYSTEMS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANICS AND NITROGEN COMPOUNDS Eilon Guthman, Sheldon Tarre and Michal Green Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000 Israel Background In smaller communities the environmental friendly, low cost and long-lived technology of constructed wetlands becomes more and more important. However, the large land demand with the accompanying water loss and increased salinity due to the high evaporation rate typical to Mediterranean countries, limit the application of this technology, especially when effluent re-use is practiced or desired. Moreover, while the efficiency of constructed wetlands in the removal of BOD and TSS is very high, nitrogen removal in most of the present generation of operating wetland systems (predominantly horizontal flow beds) is deficient, mainly because of poor nitrification due to insufficient oxygen supply. Treated domestic wastewater without nutrient removal can be beneficial for agricultural use, but unfortunately, this water cannot be released uncontrolled to the environment due to their negative effect on the environment: eutrophication, contamination of groundwater, ammonia toxicity, etc. In Israel where currently about 70% of the wastewater produced is reclaimed for agricultural reuse, a new standard for unrestricted irrigation, known as Inbar regulations have been approved (Inbar, 2007). Among others, the regulations dictate (average values): COD=100 mg/l; TSS=10mg/l; TN=25 mg/l; NH4-N=20 mg/l; Total P=5 mg/l. Having in mind the main disadvantages of extensive systems in general and constructed wetlands (CWL) specifically, i.e. large land requirements, water loss and increased salinity and poor nutrients removal, and in order to comply with the Israeli Inbar regulations, a new CEPT-CWL system was investigated. This system is characterized by the main advantages of extensive systems (constructed wetlands) including simplification; cost effectiveness; and reliability, with the additional important advantages of nutrients (N, P) removal and minimal land requirement. The system consists of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) that significantly reduces the organic load on the succeeding units, followed by the use of constructed wetland units for nitrification and denitrification with recirculation between the two units. In addition to reducing the organic load, the removal of COD and suspended solids by CEPT results in an effluent with a C to N ratio more suited for nitrification and less prone to wetland clogging. The process is characterized by low energy input since the oxygen requirement for the removal of the organic matter is minimized (most of the residual COD is used as the electron donor for denitrification). This article focuses on the area and energy requirements of the CEPT-CWL system in comparison to two other well known CWL system variations claiming nitrogen removal: the ‗tidal flow‘ wetland system (nitrification and denitrification) (Austin et al., 2003, 2006) and the ‗French design‘ system (nitrification with minimal denitrification) (Molle et al., 2008; Molle et al., 2005). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ IWA <strong>Specialist</strong> <strong>Group</strong> on Use of Macrophytes in Water Pollution Control: Newsletter No. 38 31
Page 1 and 2: Specialist <strong
Page 3 and 4: MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR Dear Members
Page 5 and 6: The Proposers The Environmental Tec
Page 7 and 8: MD6677-5-11 Printed on environmenta
Page 9 and 10: You mention Kenya, and I should tal
Page 11 and 12: APPLICATION OF VERTICAL FLOW TREATM
Page 13 and 14: So we knew: 1. We wanted to do some
Page 15 and 16: All these analysis were done by thi
Page 17 and 18: NUTRIENT RELEASE FROM INTEGRATED CO
Page 19 and 20: Collected samples were analysed for
Page 21 and 22: Concentration (mg/l) 160 140 120 10
Page 23 and 24: CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AS PART OF ECO
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3. Filter baskets as wastewa
Page 27 and 28: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physico-chem
Page 29: Heavy metals The analysis for heavy
Page 33 and 34: The ‘French design’ system. Bas
Page 35 and 36: References Austin D.C., Lohan E. an
Page 37 and 38: Constructed wetlands are an attract
Page 39 and 40: The BOD5 removal rate coefficients
Page 41 and 42: During the 2010/2011 de-icing seaso
Page 43 and 44: TREATMENT OF SISAL WASTEWATER USING
Page 45 and 46: References APHA (2000). Standard Me
Page 47 and 48: CW is not only utilized for treatin
Page 49 and 50: Table 2. Process characteristics an
Page 51 and 52: Table 3. the basic information of t
Page 53 and 54: Dr Yosihiro Natuhara, Nagoya Univer
Page 55 and 56: Further details of this year‘s co
Page 57 and 58: NEWS FROM IWA HEADQUARTERS IWA Deve
Page 59 and 60: ___________________________________
Page 61 and 62: Environmental Technologies to Treat
Page 63 and 64: exceed the strict definition of ana

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