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occupied by German troops. The police were often wildly inaccurate in their
reports about Darquier.
22 Paxton, p. 249.
23 Marcel Déat (1894–1955): Decorated First World War veteran. A professor
of philosophy and former socialist deputy and political journalist who wrote
the famous article in 1939 as Poland was about to be abandoned: ‘Must One
Die for Danzig?’ in l’Oeuvre, 4 May 1939. Déat’s collaborationist Rassemblement
National Populaire (RNP), which he ran with Deloncle until 1941, and Doriot’s
PPF were the only political parties permitted by the Nazis. He joined the Vichy
government as Minister of Labour and National Solidarity in March 1944. Fled
to Sigmaringen in 1944, then to Italy to escape the death sentence handed
down in absentia in 1945. Given refuge in a Catholic convent in Turin until his
death.
24 Gordon, p. 338, quoting Paxton, pp. 352‒7.
25 Occupation newspapers: Pre-war newspapers such as Le Matin reappeared –
its editor liked to add ‘Heil Hitler’ to his copy. Vogue was permitted to continue
on the condition that it had no ‘Jewish capital or attachments’. Henri-Robert
Petit started up his Le Pilori again, but was swiftly removed for embezzlement
and for his suggestion that Laval was a Jew. The paper flourished however,
renamed Au Pilori and achieving under Jean Lestandi an anti-Semitic frenzy in
a class of its own. Au Pilori was the French Der Stürmer, producing cartoons
of outstanding obscenity and providing a comfortable journalistic home for
all professional anti-Semitic writers, from Coston to Drault.
New intellectual journals were created, and the best of those already in existence
were appropriated and turned to the Nazi cause. The most renowned of
such papers, the Nouvelle revue française, fell into the hands of that high-flying
collaborationist Pierre Drieu la Rochelle, a fervent anti-Semite dressed in the
uniform of 1920s Oxford. In 1941 Brasillach returned from prison camp to
turn Je suis partout into the most successful weekly of the time. New news -
papers and journals were created. Abetz placed his favourite, Jean Luchaire, as
head of the Paris Press Corporation and funded his daily evening newspaper
Les nouveaux temps.
Some papers of the extreme right moved to the Vichy Zone – Candide,
Gringoire. Some writers, such as Colette, were happy to work within the milieu
of German censorship; others kept their heads down. In 1941 de Monzie,
deprived of his immense portfolio of committees and appointments, was sidelined
in the Lot. When he published Ci-devant, his sour diary of the last days
of the Third Republic, he was happy to let it be serialised in the pro-fascist
slander sheet Gringoire.
26 Bernard Faÿ (1895–1978): Professor of American Civilisation, Collège de
France; director, Bibliothèque Nationale, from 1941. He ran Vichy’s
Commission Judeo-Maçonnique. Faÿ was linked to the Gestapo; listed amongst