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87. Umpleby HC, Williamson RC. Anastomotic recurrence in large bowel cancer. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 873–8. 88. Gertsch P, Baer HU, Kraft R, Maddern GJ, Altermatt HJ. Malignant cells are collected on circular staplers. Dis Colon Rectum 1992; 35: 238–41. 89. Jenner DC, De Boer R, Levitt M, et al. Rectal washout eliminates exfoliated malignant cells. ANZ J Surg 1997; 67: A16. 90. Southwick HW, Harridge WH, Cole WH. Recurrence at the suture line following resection of carcinoma of the colon. American Journal of Surgery 1962; 103: 86–9. 91. Sayfan J, Averbuch F, Koltun L, Benyamin N. Effect of rectal stump washout on the presence of free malignant cells in the rectum during anterior resection for rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: 1710–2. Elective surgery for rectal cancer 149
150 The prevention, early detection <strong>and</strong> management of colorectal cancer
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Clinical Practice Guidelines FOR TH
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© The Cancer Council Australia/Aus
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2.11 Conclusions...................
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11.2 High ligation ................
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17.4 Cost effectiveness of follow u
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Table 14.3 Pathological TNM staging
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Executive Summary • Colorectal Ca
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STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATIONS 2,3 The
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Should red meat intake be altered t
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Chapter Recommendations 4 COMMUNICA
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Chapter 8 Recommendations How shoul
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Chapter Recommendations Should bowe
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Chapter Recommendations When should
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Chapter 17 Recommendations What pos
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Section I Early Colorectal Cancer
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Adenomatous polyps (adenomas) are b
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17. South Australian Cancer Registr
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CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY PREVENTION Studie
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Colorectal adenomas, especially adv
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vegetable (3.5 serves/1000 kcals) d
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mustard greens, swedes and turnips)
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for protection against Colorectal C
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Does selenium supplementation reduc
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the optimal duration of use, and ad
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References 1. Jass JR. Pathogenesis
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34. Kushi L, Giovannucci E. Dietary
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67. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B. A gene
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100. Il'yasova D, Hodgson ME, Marti
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133. Meyskens FL, Jr., Gerner EW. D
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CHAPTER 3 POPULATION SCREENING FOR
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studies also demonstrate that age i
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• symptoms • family medical his
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Should screening be recommended? Gu
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Box 3.3 Screening Pathway used in t
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References 1. Young GP, Levin B, Ro
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33. Alexander F, Weller D. Evaluati
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CHAPTER 4 COMMUNICATION WITH THE PA
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4.6 Coordination of care Treatment
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• assistance with and care of chi
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17. National Breast Cancer Centre,
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CHAPTER 5 THE PATIENT WITH SYMPTOMS
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considered (see 8.1.5). Double cont
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58 The prevention, early detection
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diagnoses prove difficult to confir
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What recommendations are there for
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References 1. Woolf CM. A genetic s
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34. Australian Health Technology Ad
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CHAPTER 7 HIGH-RISK FAMILIAL COLORE
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offered predictive genetic testing.
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endoscopically uncontrollable numbe
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mutation carriers. 52 There is also
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standard for consideration of MSI a
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added to transvaginal ultrasound. 8
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category 2, see Chapter 6) but may
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What screening is recommended for e
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References 1. Vasen HF, Griffioen G
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33. Giardiello FM, Hamilton SR, Kru
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international criteria for the dete
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96. Burt RW, Jass JR. Hyperplastic
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8.1.2 Sigmoidoscopy: rigid versus f
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For radiological imaging of the lar
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8.2.3 Staging for distant metastase
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Page 129 and 130: 18. Rex DK, Cutler CS, Lemmel GT et
Page 131 and 132: 52. Liu SK, Church JM, Lavery IC, F
Page 133 and 134: 104 The prevention, early detection
Page 135 and 136: strong family history of Colorectal
Page 137 and 138: A screening interval of 4-6 years i
Page 139 and 140: BRAF mutation, particularly when mu
Page 141 and 142: 18. Jass JR, Young J, Leggett BA. E
Page 143 and 144: 52. Jass JR, Young J, Leggett BA. H
Page 147 and 148: What is the role of the stomal ther
Page 149 and 150: What happens if a blood transfusion
Page 151 and 152: References 1. Bass EM, Del Pino A,
Page 153 and 154: 32. The National Working Party on t
Page 155 and 156: CHAPTER 11 ELECTIVE SURGERY FOR COL
Page 157 and 158: Total or subtotal colectomy may be
Page 159 and 160: 11.12 Self-expanding metal stents f
Page 161 and 162: 18. Gall FP, Tonak J, Altendorf A.
Page 165 and 166: etween 1993 and 1999. The local rec
Page 167 and 168: When should local excision of recta
Page 169 and 170: What factors influence sphincter pr
Page 171 and 172: It has been demonstrated that there
Page 173 and 174: References 1. Smith TJ, Hillner BE,
Page 175 and 176: 36. Vernava AM, III, Moran M, Rothe
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Page 181 and 182: A clinical diagnosis of large bowel
Page 183 and 184: When should primary anastomosis be
Page 185 and 186: 17. Deans GT, Krukowski ZH, Irwin S
Page 189 and 190: Table 14.1 Clinicopathological stag
Page 191 and 192: The ACPS system embodies the simpli
Page 193 and 194: 14.4 Translation between staging sy
Page 199 and 200: 16. Shepherd NA, Baxter KJ, Love SB
Page 201 and 202: CHAPTER 15 ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY FO
Page 203 and 204: isk of death-favouring treatment (H
Page 205 and 206: improvement in survival at five yea
Page 207 and 208: There has been one trial 55 of intr
Page 209 and 210: References 1. National Institute of
Page 211 and 212: 30. Zaniboni A, Labianca R, Marsoni
Page 213 and 214: 57. Gastrointestinal Tumour Study G
Page 215 and 216: CHAPTER 16 ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR REC
Page 217 and 218: preoperative RT 45Gy over 5 weeks s
Page 219 and 220: This suggests that a policy of preo
Page 221 and 222: Mortality from non-cancer causes wa
Page 223 and 224: References 1. Fu KK. Interactions o
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Rates of intraluminal recurrence an
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Ultrasonographic screening Ultrason
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References 1. Nava HR, Pagana TJ. P
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• those with a history of psychia
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References 1. Maisey NR, Norman A,
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CHAPTER 19 RECURRENT AND ADVANCED C
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What are the recommendations for in
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References 1. National Health and M
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31. Phillips RK, Hittinger R, Bleso
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Recurrent and advanced colorectal c
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(23% compared to 12%, p
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more patients having disease down-s
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References 1. Best L, Simmonds P, B
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30. Fuchs CS, Moore MR, Harker G, V
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CHAPTER 21 MANAGEMENT OF LIVER AND
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21.1.3 Imaging controlled destructi
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Does combination systemic chemother
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References 1. Woodington FF, Waugh
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34. Wood BJ, Ramkaransingh JR, Fojo
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66. Headrick JR, Miller DL, Nagorne
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Management of liver and other dista
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years gained can be assessed, which
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‘If neither of the above cases ap
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Study Country Study questions Concl
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Study Country Comparator/ screening
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Three United States studies investi
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Table 22.6 Results of studies inves
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22.9 Treatments 22.9.1 Surgery Seve
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Table 22.10 Results of studies inve
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Table 22.11 Summary of findings fro
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References 1. Australian Institute
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32. Nakama, H., B. Zhang, and A.S.
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65. Sieg, A., et al., Screening for
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97. Durand-Zaleski, I., et al., Eco
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Cost effectiveness 289
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References 1. National Health and M
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Appendices
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“Zorbas et al 2 Multidisciplinary
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a pathologist-molecular biologist o
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References 1. Australian Cancer Net
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Chapter 2 — Primary prevention an
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Three Cochrane systematic reviews w
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Dates 1 January 1998 to June 2004 S
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Dates Update of 1999 document from
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Search terms MeSH terms were ‘col
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Chapter 20 — The role of systemic
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Search terms Colorectal Cancer, soc
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However, in some cases it was also
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Professor James St John Gastro ente
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Working party on emergency surgery
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Dr Russel Stitz Surgeon, Royal Bris
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14. Dr Michael Izard Radiation Onco
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Mrs Avis Mcphee Consumer (June 9 an
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DVT deep venous thrombosis ECOG Eur
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TNM tumour, node, metastasis stagin
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Chemotherapy The use of drugs (whic
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Malignant Cancerous Malignant cells
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with a specific disease might survi
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