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0%
0%
Figure 3.5.1: Output/Facility share of NGO investment in hygiene and sanitation in FY 2008/09
1%
1%
7%
2%
3%
2% 1%
45%
5%
21
17%
1%
14%
1%
HH latrines
Public latrines
HH HW facilities
School HW facilities
Sch. Latrine stance
Garbage pits
Garbage collection points
Drying racks
Bath shelters
Sanplats
Drainage channels
Pick axes
Science teachers trained
Women's groups trained
Clubs trained
3.5.1.i CASE STUDY: Sustainable Sanitation & Water Renewal Systems (SSWARS) Sanitation Marketing Campaign
The German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) through the Reform of the Urban Water and Sanitation Sector (RUWASS)
is implementing a 2-year Public Private Partnership project with Crestanks and Poly Fibre (producers of modular
toilets), Centenary Bank and FINCA Microfinance Uganda Limited (microfinance providers), MWE and Kawempe
Division (Government partners). GTZ contracted SSWARS to perform a social marketing campaign in Bwaise I,
Kawempe Division, building on a market study of sanitation solutions for Kampala’s urban poor. The study found
limiting factors to latrine acquisition to be: lack of satisfaction with existing sanitation technologies, poor latrine
supply chain and financing mechanisms, market segmentation, lack of delivery mechanisms and
costly/unsustainable latrines. SSWARS confirmed these factors to be compounded by poverty and the complexity
of behaviour change and adoption of better sanitation practices.
The objective of the campaign was to increase programme awareness to scale-up improved latrine adoption in
other areas, aiming to facilitate closure of several gaps: a) between the negative health impact of prevailing
hygiene situation and adoption of sound hygienic attitudes; b) between the urban poor and sanitation hardware
producers; and c) between the urban poor and the microfinance company. The methodology used included
community meetings, house-to-house visits to explain the products and their purchase, organising members to
form associations for ‘group-borrowing power’ from FINCA, delivery and construction of products by community
masons, and sanitation rallies at which drama and karaoke dancers entertained the crowd.
The loan scheme is challenging and take-up is inhibited by stringent procedures instituted by FINCA in terms of
loan security and formation of associations necessary for loan applications. There is need for measures to improve
household income as well as saving habits to increase ability to afford sanitation facilities without requiring loans.
Although people want toilets, they are limited by costs and the lack of information on good options and funding
mechanisms. This was confirmed by project sales, in which more of the cheaper units (e.g. slabs at UGX 43,500
p/u; and Wonderloo at UGX 102,000 p/u) were sold compared to complete panel toilets (costing more than UGX
750,000 p/u). SSWARS proposed that Crestanks design cheaper products (e.g. complete panel toilet at 400,000).
The campaign yielded supply and installation of 32 facilities in Bwaise I. It is well known that behavioural change
for sanitation improvement takes time and therefore there is need for additional social marketing campaigns. For
scale-up and visibility, SSWARS suggests inclusion of more zones. Kawempe Division LG should be urged to include
social marketing campaigns in its programmes and supported to effectively carry out enforcement. House-tohouse-visits
and sanitation rallies, alongside the incentive of delivering latrines and latrine products and free
installation, enhance demand and scaling-up.