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needed if hygiene and sanitation messages are to be effectively delivered; further, the need to assess the impact of hygiene and sanitation on educational and health status of target populations requires better coordination with health and education surveillance systems. 6.1.5 Equity and inclusion The issue of equity and inclusion, particularly towards People Living with HIV/AIDS, People Living with Disabilities and Orphans and Vulnerable Children, remains generally neglected within the WASH sector. Despite the important work done by NGOs to address equity and inclusion in WASH services, these efforts will remain insufficient if no measures, in terms of policy, legislation, technology and resource allocation, are taken at higher levels to support them, accompanied by appropriate ways to measure progress in the form of indicators and targets. This must be rectified if WASH services are to reach those who are truly in need. 6.2 Proposed undertakings for the 2009 Joint Sector Review 6.2.1 Sector Finance Accountability and efficiency of water sector institutions is enhanced to effectively use available resources and mobilise new resources to realise sector targets, as outlined in the Sector Investment Plan (SIP) Despite the imminent approval of the SIP, and hopes for fewer budget cuts and a greater share of the budget, in order for the SIP to be fully and sustainably financed (using both on- and off-budget resources), there is need to increase the confidence of funding institutions, users (especially in the urban context) and taxpayers, in the ability of sector institutions to deliver targets and use funds effectively. The increase in unit cost of water supply delivery means that while more public resources are being spent, less is being achieved; this challenge is exacerbated by the increase in demand caused by population growth and the increased scarcity of water resources. This trend undermines the sector’s ability to use available resources efficiently, as well as mobilise additional resources as outlined in the SIP. � There is need to reduce unit costs to reasonable levels in order to achieve higher value for money, but most importantly, freeing additional funds that will assist the sector in reaching more underserved people. In order to increase accountability of the sector, a clear mechanism must be built into the Sector Performance Monitoring Framework that will allow increased accountability and efficient use of resources. 6.2.2 Urban water and sanitation Appropriate pro-poor approaches for improving urban water and sanitation access are piloted; and those approaches which have been piloted successfully (pre-paid meters; OBA) are scaled-up in a sustainable way The lack of meaningful improvement in the living conditions of Uganda’s urban poor calls for urgent action to improve access to WASH in urban areas. While payment for water is a critical aspect of effective service delivery in urban areas, allowing financial viability, improvement to service delivery and cross-subsidies for the poor, the impact of water costs on the affordability of services to the urban poor must be considered. The failure of providers to provide adequate water and sanitation services to the urban poor is a ‘lose-lose’ situation for both users and providers. While the former are left with unreliable, expensive and time-consuming water provision, the latter are less able to raise essential revenue through increasing the number of connected (and paying) users and are burdened by service inefficiencies and illegal connections. The approaches used to pay for water services must therefore contain embedded procedures that ensure universal access, such as an appropriate, pro-poor tariff structure (simple, equitable, affordable, sustainable and transparent), subsidy mechanisms, regulatory functions (preventing price hikes and ensuring the pro-poor tariff structure) and formalised social accountability mechanisms that enable users to hold providers to account and demand quality services (such as user forums, Citizen Report Cards and complaint mechanisms, among others). � Various approaches for pro-poor water provision in urban areas are currently being piloted successfully (e.g. the Output Based Approach and pre-paid water meters); the sector must undertake the sustainable scaling up of these approaches, as well as endeavour to continue piloting other innovative pro-poor approaches to urban water and sanitation service delivery, putting in place the necessary mechanisms needed for sustainability and affordability 48
6.2.3 Water-stressed areas A strategy for addressing water scarcity and water-stressed areas is formulated within national climate change adaptation efforts, taking into consideration current and future water availability and sustainability While the issue of water-stressed areas was addressed in one of the undertakings of the 2008 Joint Sector Review, the evident increase in climate and seasonal variability necessitates a more scientific and strategic approach to dealing with water scarcity. This must not be limited to specific regions or specific technological approaches. � Using scientific data and climate modelling techniques, a strategy for adaptation to water scarcity on a national level should be adopted, planned for and costed. This strategy must take into consideration various water-stress scenarios and the options for addressing them in a sustainable manner, including analysis of various technological and policy options such as water diversion, rainwater harvesting and river-basin/ catchment dialogue. 6.2.4 Rural water supply Systems for Management Information and Monitoring & Evaluation are strengthened to address functionality and its underlying causes Functionality of rural water sources continues to frustrate efforts to improve safe water coverage in Uganda, and is challenged by the lack of credible data on existence and functionality of water points, as well as on reasons for non-functionality. Effective Management Information Systems (MIS) can increase functionality significantly, allow for better use of resources and inform planning and budgeting processes in terms of equity, effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems also allow Central and Local Government to set up effective Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems, which are crucial for the sustainability of water provision. � Such MIS and M&E systems should be sufficiently robust to accurately identify and address the underlying causes of lack of functionality, such as climate change (drought, flooding and drying up of water sources), management (functioning management and financing structures) and appropriateness and sustainability of technology). For these systems to function effectively, innovative and reliable technologies and approaches should be applied, i.e.: - Using ‘Technology for Development’, such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), mobile phone technology for updating and validation of information, etc. - Generating information at the lowest applicable level (e.g. water point), to ensure accuracy and timely update. - Enhancing information management and coordination (at local, district and central levels) between and among different actors (Government, NGOs, Private Sector). This can take the shape of centrallycoordinated district information hubs, in which coverage and functionality data is shared, analysed, reported and acted upon. 6.2.5 Sanitation Adoption and implementation of sanitation bye-laws is achieved in all districts, accompanied by commitment to enforcement of these bye-laws Achieving progress on access to adequate sanitation requires the will and intervention of a variety of stakeholders at various level; while it is recognised that the enactment of relevant byelaws is one important method of improving sanitation coverage, progress on both enactment and enforcement of such byelaws has been insufficient since the 2008 Joint Sector Review, in which the creation of byelaws was adopted as an undertaking. There is urgent need for a serious commitment to enforcement of sanitation bye-laws at both Central and Local Government levels. � Experience from the recent drive for adoption of sanitation byelaws has highlighted the importance of accompanying efforts in terms of sanitation and hygiene sensitisation, increased political will for improving sanitation conditions, and effective institutional arrangements for creation and enforcement of supportive legislation. The existence of byelaws need also be accompanied by conditions that enable sanitation adoption in terms of technical support, availability of appropriate and affordable materials and technology, and a latrine supply chain. 49
Page 1 and 2: NGO Group Performance in the Uganda
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Page 9 and 10: 1. Introduction 1.1 Background The
Page 11 and 12: Its mission is to strengthen Uganda
Page 13 and 14: Overall, this financial year has se
Page 15 and 16: 3. Performance of NGOs against the
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Functionality Golden Indicator
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Page 21 and 22: 0% 0% Figure 3.5.1: Output/Facility
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Page 25 and 26: transportation and point of consump
Page 27 and 28: Samaritan Community Development Pro
Page 29 and 30: 3.8.2.i CASE STUDIES: Mainstreaming
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Page 33 and 34: 3.9.2.i CASE STUDY: Lutheran World
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Page 45 and 46: 5.4.i CASE STUDY: Ecological Christ
Page 47: 6. Challenges, Recommendations and
Page 51 and 52: Christian Engineers in Development
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