Educating out of Poverty? A Synthesis Report on Ghana, India ... - DfID

Table 1.3: Comparison <strong>of</strong> the Formal Education Systems in the Six Country Case Studies
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Tanzania 7 6(4+2) 4
Rwanda 6 6 (3+3) 3/4
[figures in brackets refer to duration <strong>of</strong> lower and upper secondary education respectively]
Table 1.4 shows the NERs and GERs per sub-sector for each <strong>of</strong> the countries studied. The figures
show that Kenya and Ghana were both very far from UPE in 2002/2003. The most dramatic
differences between the countries are seen at post-primary level where the drastically low
secondary enrolment ratio for Tanzania and the comparatively high secondary and tertiary GERs
for S<strong>out</strong>h Africa stand <strong>out</strong>. All the countries in the study have declared compulsory education for
certain ages; Ghana has the longest compulsory education at nine years duration between the ages
<strong>of</strong> 6 and 15; whilst in Rwanda compulsory education currently ends at 12 years old (UNESCO,
2005). All the countries, save for S<strong>out</strong>h Africa, have a legal guarantee <strong>of</strong> free education. In spite
<strong>of</strong> this, S<strong>out</strong>h Africa has the highest primary NER. The low enrolment rates for the other
countries show that there is still a wide gap between <strong>of</strong>ficial policy and actual practice.
Table 1.4: Enrolment Ratios at the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Levels in Selected
Countries in SSA and India, 2002/3
** estimates (x) data for 2001/2002 (z) data for 2003
… missing data (y) data for 2003/2004
Source: UNESCO, 2005; GoURT/ MoEC, 2004.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Kenya 8 4 4
Ghana 6 6 (3+3) 3/4
India 8+2+2 3
S<strong>out</strong>h Africa 6 6 (3+3) 3
Primary
2002/3
Secondary
2002/3
Tertiary
2002/3
NER (%) GER (%) NER (%) GER (%) GER (%)
Tanzania 77.4 **,z 90.8 z 6.0 a 7.1 a 0.9
Rwanda 86.7 122.0 … 16.1 2.5
Kenya 66.5 92.4 24.5 ** 32.9 2.9 **,y
Ghana 59.0 z 83.0 z 36.2 z 42.4 z 3.2 z
India 87.5 107.5 … 52.8 11.9
S<strong>out</strong>h Africa 89.0 105.6 65.5 ** 87.7 ** 15.0
S<strong>out</strong>h Africa
and West Asia
82.5 102.0 43.6 49.9 2.4 **,x
SSA 63.5 91.1 22.1 28.4 3.9 **,z
DFID 7