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2.1. SECTIONS AND INTERLOCKS 7 PZi intermediate pile section PEINE PSP double pile section s ZB s TB Intermediate sheet pile (LARSSEN triple pile section) s ZB Stiffeners H LARSSEN box pile s TB s ZB = System dimension, intermediate sheet piles s TB = System dimension, main pile sections LARSSEN triple sheet pile s ZB D D s TB H Main pile (tubular steel pile) Figure 2.3: Examples of combination steel sheet pile walls
8 CHAPTER 2. SHEET PILE WALLS 2.2 Properties of steel Steel is a homogeneous building material whose load-deformation behaviour is characterised by an elastic portion and considerable plastic reserves. In addition, there is its favourable strengthto-weight ratio. The tensile strength of steel ranges from 300 N/mm 2 for simple mild steels up to 2000 N/mm 2 for prestressing steels. 2.2.1 Stress-strain behaviour Fig. 2.4 shows a representative stress-strain diagram for steel. The elastic range depends on the grade of steel. The elastic modulus is the same for all types of steel: Esteel = 210 000 N/mm 2 . The yield strength fy is the value at which the stress remains constant or drops or exhibits a permanent strain of 0.2% after removing the load. If the load is increased further, a maximum stress is reached, which is designated the tensile strength fu. Generally speaking, an increase in the strength involves a decrease in the deformation capacity of the steel. Figure 2.4: Representative stress-strain diagram for steel The resistance of a sheet pile wall has to be verified according to DIN EN 1993-5. The method of analysis is based on the partial safety factor concept. The design value of the internal forces Sd must be compared with the design value of the section’s resistance Rd: Sd ≤ Rd (2.1) The design value of the internal forces depends on DIN 1054 or DIN EN 1997-1 (see also chapter 6). When determining the design value of the section’s resistance Rd, the yield strength fy must be reduced by the partial safety factor γM = 1.1 according to DIN EN 1993-5. 2.2.2 Designation of steel grades Hot-rolled steel sheet piles must comply with DIN EN 10248. Table 2.1 lists various hot-rolled steel grades for sheet piles; steel grades S 270 GP and S 355 GP are generally used. The choice of steel grade depends on structural aspects, the method of driving selected, the embedment depth and the ground conditions.
Page 2: Sheet Piling Handbook Design I
Page 5 and 6: IV All the details contained in thi
Page 8 and 9: Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Sheet p
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTS IX 5.7.7 Three-dimensional
Page 12 and 13: Nomenclature Greek symbols α Reduc
Page 14 and 15: NOMENCLATURE XIII σ ′ z Effectiv
Page 16 and 17: NOMENCLATURE XV g Acceleration due
Page 18 and 19: NOMENCLATURE XVII Indices 0 steady-
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Introduction The history
Page 22 and 23: incomplete insight into the current
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 2 Sheet pile walls 2.1 Sect
Page 28 and 29: 2.2. PROPERTIES OF STEEL 9 Table 2.
Page 30 and 31: 2.2. PROPERTIES OF STEEL 11 The rea
Page 32 and 33: 2.3. DRIVING SHEET PILE WALLS 13 co
Page 34 and 35: 2.3. DRIVING SHEET PILE WALLS 15 Fi
Page 36 and 37: 2.3. DRIVING SHEET PILE WALLS 17 Ba
Page 38 and 39: 2.3. DRIVING SHEET PILE WALLS 19 Ta
Page 40 and 41: 2.3. DRIVING SHEET PILE WALLS 21 Fi
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 3 Subsoil In order to guara
Page 44 and 45: 3.1. FIELD TESTS 25 ν =15.2lg qc +
Page 46 and 47: 3.2. LABORATORY TESTS 27 3.2 Labora
Page 48 and 49: 3.2. LABORATORY TESTS 29 3.2.4 Unco
Page 50 and 51: 3.2. LABORATORY TESTS 31 Figure 3.4
Page 52 and 53: 3.3. SOIL PARAMETERS 33 • Unconso
Page 54 and 55: Table 3.5: Characteristic values of
Page 56 and 57: Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 Inorgan
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 4 Groundwater If a sheet pi
Page 60 and 61: 4.2. EXCESS HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE 41
Page 62 and 63: 4.3. TAKING ACCOUNT OF GROUNDWATER
Page 68 and 69: 4.4. HYDRAULIC GROUND FAILURE 49 Δ
Page 70 and 71: 4.4. HYDRAULIC GROUND FAILURE 51 Δ
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 5 Earth pressure 5.1 Genera
Page 74 and 75: 5.2. LIMIT AND INTERMEDIATE VALUES
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5.2. LIMIT AND INTERMEDIATE VALUES
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5.2. LIMIT AND INTERMEDIATE VALUES
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5.3. EARTH PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION 61
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5.4. CALCULATING THE EARTH PRESSURE
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5.6. EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO UNCONFIN
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5.7. CONSIDERING SPECIAL BOUNDARY C
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5.8. EARTH PRESSURE REDISTRIBUTION
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5.9. EXAMPLES OF EARTH PRESSURE CAL
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5.9. EXAMPLES OF EARTH PRESSURE CAL
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Chapter 6 Design of sheet pile wall
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6.2. SAFETY CONCEPT 85 • Safety c
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6.3. ACTIONS AND ACTION EFFECTS 87
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6.5. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 89 Merely t
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6.5. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 91 the wall
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6.5. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 93 Figure 6
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 95 Fig
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 97 Fig
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 99 If
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 101 Th
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 103 Ex
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 105 Kr
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 107 Ca
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 109 Th
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 111 Fi
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 113 Ex
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 115 6.
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6.6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS 117 Ca
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6.7. ANALYSES FOR THE ULTIMATE LIMI
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6.9. OVERALL STABILITY 129 DIN 1054
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6.9. OVERALL STABILITY 131 Example
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Chapter 7 Ground anchors 7.1 Types
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7.1. TYPES OF GROUND ANCHORS 135 eq
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7.3. DESIGN 137 • Design against
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7.3. DESIGN 139 Example 7.1 Design
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7.3. DESIGN 141 Example 7.3 Pull-ou
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7.3. DESIGN 143 7.3.5 Verification
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7.3. DESIGN 145 If Qk is not determ
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7.3. DESIGN 147 4. Weight of body o
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7.3. DESIGN 149 4. Weight of body o
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7.5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 151 Figur
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7.5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 153 Figur
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Chapter 8 Using FEM for the design
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8.2. RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING THE
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8.3. EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 159 -9.
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8.3. EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 161 41
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8.3. EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 163 A s
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8.3. EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 165 Fig
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8.3. EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 167 . .
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Chapter 9 Dolphins 9.1 General Dolp
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9.3. DETERMINING THE PASSIVE EARTH
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9.4. SPRING CONSTANTS 173 c = F f (
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Chapter 10 Choosing pile sections T
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Bibliography [1] Bathe, K.-J.: Fini
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 179 [32] Recommendatio
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Appendix A Section tables for preli
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HOESCH sections, UNION straight-web
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PEINE P locking bar ▲ ▲ y ▲
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Selection from the complete range C
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Appendix B Round steel tie rods 189
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Round steel tie rods to EAU 2004 Ti
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INDEX 193 loadbearing effect of ten
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