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Chapter 3
Subsoil
In order to guarantee the safe and economic execution of a construction project, soil investigations
are necessary. The nature and scope of the soil investigations depend on the geotechnical
categories according to DIN EN 1997-1:2005-10, and DIN 4020:2003-09 provides information
on the scope of the explorations. Soil investigations are divided into field (in situ) and laboratory
tests.
The following is intended to provide an overview of field and laboratory tests that serve as the
basis for the design and installation of sheet pile walls and combined walls. Table 3.1 provides
an overview of the various target variables of investigation measures. It also shows which
variables can be determined with which tests.
Table 3.1: Target variables of investigation measures
Target variable/ Method
soil parameter Field test Lab. test
Sequence of strata 3.1.1 3.2.1
Groundwater x -
Soil type - 3.2.1+3.2.3
Obstacles 3.1.3 -
In situ density ID,D 3.1.2 3.2.2
Consistency IC - 3.2.3
Water content w - x
Shear parameters ϕ, c, ϕu,cu 3.1.2 3.2.5
Deformation behaviour ES,CC,CS,cV ,cα 3.1.2 3.2.4
Unit weight γ - 3.2.2
Overconsolidation ratio OCR - 3.2.4
When using material laws of better quality (see chapter 8), it is necessary to specify not only
the laboratory test results assessed by the specialist in the soil investigation report, but also to
include complete test curves.
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