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3.1. FIELD TESTS 25
ν =15.2lg qc +50 (soil groups TL, TM) for 0.6 ≤ qc ≤ 3.5
ω : compressibility exponent ω =0.5for non-cohesive soils
ω =0.6for cohesive soils
ρa : atmospheric pressure
σü : overburden stress at depth z
Δσz : increase in vertical stress at depth z due to construction measures
The driving guidelines of HSP HOESCH Spundwand und Profil GmbH specify a relationship
between toe resistance qc and in situ density D or relative density ID which is based on experience.
Table 3.2: Estimation of in situ density of non-cohesive soils from cone or dynamic penetration
tests (extract from RAMMFIBEL FÜR STAHLSPUNDBOHLEN)
In situ density Cone penetration test (CPT) Dynamic penetration test (DPH)
qc in MN/m 2 N10
very loose 2.5 -
loose 2.5-7.5 3
medium dense 7.5-15 3-15
dense 15-25 15-30
very dense >25 >30
Fig. 3.1 shows a typical result of a cone penetration test and the associated soil exploration.
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Figure 3.1: Example of a CPT