Fundamentals of Biomechanics

314 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS
Kinanthropometry, 56
Kinematic chain, 163
closed, 163
open, 163
Kinematics, 24, 87, 105, 107–32
Kinesiology
definition of, 1, 3–4
interdisciplinary approach to, 4–5
as a profession, 4
sciences of, 5
Kinetic energy, 147, 151–54
Kinetic friction, 146
Kinetics, 24, 105, 160
angular, 169–91
laws of, 133
Knee
angle, 62
direction of joint, 43
extension, 123
flexion, 249
Knowledge, 4, 12, 16–20. See also Biomechanical
knowledge
L
Laminar flow, 198–99
Landing, 150
Lateral direction, 42
Law of Acceleration, 136–37
Law of Conservation of Energy, 152–54
Law of Inertia, 133–36, 139
Law of Momentum, 136–37
Law of Reaction, 137–39
Leg press, 249
Length tension relationship, 74, 79–80, 84–86,
98–99
Levers and torque, 170
Lift, 193, 200–03, 210
and angle of attack, 206
as a force, 34, 94
and power, 158
and spinning, 203–08
Ligaments, biomechanics of, 77, 79
Limb extension and slowing down, 92–93
Linear displacement, 107–08
Linear inertia, 139
Linear kinematics, 107–32
Linear kinetic energy, 151
Linear kinetics, 133–67
Linear motion, 107–09
Linear motion inertia, 134
Linear velocity, 111, 126–27
Linked segment model, 33–34, 58
Load, 71–74
Load deformation, 73–74
Load–deformation curve, 71–73
Loading response, 74–75
Loads on tissue, 69
Local reference frame, 141, 145
Long jumping, 151
and angles of projection, 119
Longitudinal axis, 41–42
Low-back pain, 180
M
Machines. See Exercise machines
Magnus Effect, 203–08, 210
Margaria test, 159
Mass
and acceleration, 136–37
and axis of rotation, 175–77
definition of, 25–26
and inertia, 33
and momentum, 147
and stability, 139–40
vs. weight, 26
Maximal-effort movements, 98
Maximal voluntary contraction, 97
Maximum static friction, 146
Mechanical advantage, 92
Mechanical energy, 72, 151–55
Mechanical equilibrium, 179
Mechanical method of muscle action, 53–56
Mechanical power, 157–60
Mechanical strength, 71–72
Mechanical stress, 70
Mechanical variables, 25–29
Mechanical work, 155–57
Mechanics
basic units of, 25–29
definition of, 3, 23
Medial direction, 42
Medial gastrocnemius, 82–83
Medicine ball, 141
Mediolateral axis, 41–42, 44
MEDLINE, 14
Meter as unit of measurement, 28
Mobility, 184–89
Modeling, 59