Fundamentals of Biomechanics

Moment arm, 169–71
Moment of force, 26, 173
Moment of inertia, 33, 174–78, 183, 189
Momentum, 136–37, 147, 152, 241
Motion, 24
changes in, 32–33
forces and, 3, 161
and inertia, 134
of joints, 43–46
linear, 107–32
planes of, 41–42
range of, 33
range-of-principle, 60–63
uniformly accelerated, 115–17
Motion segment, 180
Motor action potential, 86–87
Motor skills, 219–20
Motor units, 94–97
Movement
analysis of, 11–12
animation of, 10
control of, 94–98
coordination of, 87–88, 128–30
efficiency of, 159
explosive, 159–60, 165
improving, 3–4
principles, 30–31, 60–63
segmented, 160–64
vs. training muscle, 59
Multiarticular muscles, 58
Muscle
actions, 49–53, 56–60
activation, 57–58
agonist, 58
analysis of, 53–60
antagonist, 58, 174
balance, 173
biarticular, 58
concentric action, 8–92, 49–50, 79
disinhibition of, 100
and eccentric force, 50, 79
endurance, 83
fibers, 47–49, 81–83, 95
force, 47
force vectors, 141–45
function, 59–60
groups of, 60
hypertrophy, 49
inhibition of, 97, 100
injury, 58, 147–48
mechanical characteristics, 53–60, 79–88
INDEX 315
multiarticular, 58
power, 80
proprioception, 99–100
regulation of force, 95–98
and segmental interaction, 34
strength of, 83, 97
striated, 48
structure of, 46–49
synergy, 57
tension of, 48, 51–52
training vs. movement, 59
Muscle angle of pull, 141–45
Muscle attachment sites, 58
Muscle fibers
architecture, 46–48
parallel, 47
pennate, 47
shortening of, 47, 79–83, 90
Muscle spindles, 90, 99–100
Muscle-tendon unit (MTU), 73
passive, 75–76
Muscle tension, 84–88
Muscular endurance, 83
Muscular strain, 71–72
Muscular strength. See Muscle, strength of
Musculoskeletal system, mechanics of, 69–103
Myofibrils, 48
Myosin, 48, 51, 84
Myotatic reflex, 90, 99–100
N
National Association for Sport and Physical
Education (NASPE), 14
Net force, 136
Neuromuscular control, 94–100
Neuromuscular training, 97
Neuron, 94
Newton, Isaac, 133
Newton's Laws of Motion, 30, 133–39, 178, 202
Normal reaction, 145–46
O
Oblique muscles, 155
Observation task of qualitative analysis, 6,
35–36, 216–17
Occupational biomechanics, 9–10
Occupational overuse syndrome, 9, 15, 148