TESLA Brochure - ACFA Joint Linear Collider Physics and Detector ...

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54 The Third Dimension: Spatial Images of Atoms Today, everyone is familiar with optical holograms. They offer protection against counterfeit bank cards or paper money. One of the popular images found on plastic money is that of Ludwig van Beethoven, whose serious features appear in three-dimensional form when one of these cards is turned back and forth.The spatial information for these holograms is usually recorded with laser light. This is accomplished by splitting the laser beam into two parts. One beam illuminates the object, while the other beam is projected directly onto the “hologram plate.” The two beams are superimposed on the plate, where the waves of laser light create minute interference patterns that form the “frozen” hologram. When the hologram is illuminated, a threedimensional picture of the object appears in space. To portray atomic structures in three dimensions, scientists use X-ray light that is scattered by the atoms in a crystal. Using X-ray holography, scientists from DESY’s HASYLAB were able to gain detailed insights into the three-dimensional structure of crystals. Sophisticated measuring techniques and mathematical procedures allow the positions of the various atoms in a crystal to be directly determined. It therefore becomes possible to “see” which atom is in front and which is at the rear. In other words, a 3D picture with atomic resolution has been created. The expectations scientists have of the new TESLA X-ray laser were one important reason for pushing forward with the development of X-ray holography at HASYLAB. The TESLA X-ray laser will make it possible to create holographic “films”of atomic events. Hologram with atomic resolution:This exposure of an iron crystal was made using direct X-ray holography techniques.
Reconstruction of the crystal structure: Using a hologram and a complex mathematical process,it is possible to determine the positions of the individual iron atoms. One particular atom is used to form the picture of its surroundings.In this case,they comprise a further 34 iron atoms,eight of which are located nearby (yellow).The other 26 are further away (gray).The central iron atom does not“see”itself and so does not appear in the reconstruction. 55
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an international, interdisciplinary
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4 6 6 8 10 12 16 18 20 23 24 26 27
Page 6 and 7: 4 Into the microcosm on a voyage of
Page 8 and 9: 6 How Will the TESLA Research Cente
Page 10 and 11: 8 Peak brilliance 10 35 10 33 10 31
Page 12 and 13: 10 How Will the TESLA Research Cent
Page 14 and 15: 12 Making tracks:When two particles
Page 16 and 17: At the same time, the discovery tha
Page 18 and 19: 16 Harnessing DESY’s Know-How Sin
Page 20 and 21: 18 ELBE Elmshorn What Will the TESL
Page 22 and 23: 20 Ellerhoop—A New Site for Resea
Page 24 and 25: 22 1 2
Page 26 and 27: 24 TESLA—An International Center
Page 28 and 29: 26 Cleanroom for high-tech: TESLA
Page 30 and 31: 28 Particle Accelerators—Shedding
Page 32 and 33: 30 The Standard Model of the Partic
Page 34 and 35: 32 The Dawn of Time Today, it is ge
Page 36 and 37: 34 Holding the world together:The f
Page 38 and 39: 36 Supersymmetry Supersymmetry is a
Page 40 and 41: 38 New Accelerators— New Forms of
Page 42 and 43: 40 X-Ray Lasers Offer New Insight i
Page 44: 42 From the Atom to the Solid Body
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 1 Design for life:A model of de
Page 49 and 50: 1,000 km 2,900 km Scratching the su
Page 51: Freight Transport in Cells— Molec
Page 54 and 55: 52 1 2 Peak brilliance 10 34 10 30
Page 58 and 59: 56 The X-Ray Laser— Light for a N
Page 60 and 61: 58 Glossary Accelerators: Facilitie
Page 62 and 63: 60 Quarks: Together with the lepton
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TESLA Brochure - ACFA Joint Linear Collider Physics and Detector ...

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