TESLA Brochure - ACFA Joint Linear Collider Physics and Detector ...

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60 Quarks: Together with the leptons, the building blocks of matter. There are three pairs of quarks. These are the up and the down quarks, the charm and the strange quarks,and the top and the bottom quarks. Quarks can appear as pairs (quark and antiquark) or as three-way combinations of quarks alone,or antiquarks alone. Resonator: Important component of accelerators. Resonators are metallic hollow bodies, in which oscillating electromagnetic fields accelerate the particles. Normally conducting resonators are made from copper, and superconducting resonators—as used in TESLA—from niobium. SASE: Abbreviation of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission, a process which enables coherent beams to be created in a free electron laser even without highly reflecting mirrors. Spin: Intrinsic angular momentum of elementary particles, which—graphically speaking—rotate around their axes like tiny gyroscopes.The spin can only take on certain (quantized) values. Standard Model: Theory which accurately describes almost all the processes known to occur in particle physics.(See box on page 30.) Storage ring: Facility in which particles accelerated to a high energy circulate for several hours. Storage rings are used in particle physics and in synchrotron radiation experiments. Strong interaction: One of the fundamental forces, it holds quarks together and is mediated by the gluons. Superconductivity: The ability of certain metals to conduct an electric current without energy losses at extremely low temperatures. Superconducting resonators, which work at temperatures close to absolute zero,will be used in the TESLA facility. Supersymmetry: Suspected to be one of the fundamental symmetries of nature. According to supersymmetry, every particle has a supersymmetrical partner. As yet, none of these “shadow particles” have been detected.There is therefore no proof that the theory of supersymmetry is valid. (See box on page 36). Synchrotron radiation: Intense, collimated, extremely broadband electromagnetic radiation emitted by electrons or positrons travelling through the bending magnets of ring accelerators or through wigglers/undulators. TESLA: Abbreviation for the TeV-Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator. Designed as an electron-positron collider which also functions as the driver for X-ray lasers, TESLA is being planned and developed at DESY by an international collaboration.It could be completed by 2010. Undulators and wigglers: Special magnetic structures in ring accelerators for producing synchrotron radiation at a much higher intensity than that produced in the bending magnets. W boson: Charged exchange particle of the weak interaction. Weak interaction: One of the fundamental forces, it is responsible for nuclear fusion in stars and the decay of atomic nuclei.It is mediated by the W and Z bosons. Z boson: Neutral exchange particle of the weak interaction.
Masthead Publisher: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Notkestraße 85 D – 22607 Hamburg,Germany Tel.:++49-40/8998-0,Fax:++49-40/8998-3282 E-Mail:desyinfo@desy.de Internet:http://www.desy.de Text: Gerhard Materlik,Paul Söding,Ute Wilhelmsen,DESY Realization and editing: Ute Wilhelmsen,DESY Graphics: Bohm und Nonnen,Büro für Gestaltung GmbH,Darmstadt DESY EMBL,Heidelberg MPG,Hamburg Thomas Plettau,Option Z,Frankfurt (Main) Webdoc,Friedrich & Voß,Hamburg WiTec-PR,Dr.Ritschel & Partner,Karlsruhe Photographs: BAH,List Bildarchive DESY Deutsches Röntgen-Museum,Remscheid Peter Ginter,Lohmar Manfred Schulze-Alex,Hamburg Heike Thum-Schmielau,Hamburg Page 32:Illustration by kind permission of James Gitlin,STScI Design: Bohm und Nonnen,Büro für Gestaltung GmbH,Darmstadt Translation: TransForm GmbH,Cologne Printing: Dierk Heigener GmbH,Hamburg January 2000
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an international, interdisciplinary
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4 6 6 8 10 12 16 18 20 23 24 26 27
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4 Into the microcosm on a voyage of
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6 How Will the TESLA Research Cente
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8 Peak brilliance 10 35 10 33 10 31
Page 12 and 13: 10 How Will the TESLA Research Cent
Page 14 and 15: 12 Making tracks:When two particles
Page 16 and 17: At the same time, the discovery tha
Page 18 and 19: 16 Harnessing DESY’s Know-How Sin
Page 20 and 21: 18 ELBE Elmshorn What Will the TESL
Page 22 and 23: 20 Ellerhoop—A New Site for Resea
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Page 26 and 27: 24 TESLA—An International Center
Page 28 and 29: 26 Cleanroom for high-tech: TESLA
Page 30 and 31: 28 Particle Accelerators—Shedding
Page 32 and 33: 30 The Standard Model of the Partic
Page 34 and 35: 32 The Dawn of Time Today, it is ge
Page 36 and 37: 34 Holding the world together:The f
Page 38 and 39: 36 Supersymmetry Supersymmetry is a
Page 40 and 41: 38 New Accelerators— New Forms of
Page 42 and 43: 40 X-Ray Lasers Offer New Insight i
Page 44: 42 From the Atom to the Solid Body
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 1 Design for life:A model of de
Page 49 and 50: 1,000 km 2,900 km Scratching the su
Page 51: Freight Transport in Cells— Molec
Page 54 and 55: 52 1 2 Peak brilliance 10 34 10 30
Page 56 and 57: 54 The Third Dimension: Spatial Ima
Page 58 and 59: 56 The X-Ray Laser— Light for a N
Page 60 and 61: 58 Glossary Accelerators: Facilitie
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