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e used diagnostically to distinguish them. In contrast, the European populations of the S and P. IS groups are not as readily differentiated from each other, although there are considerable allele frequency differences between them. In general. the European S and P groups appear more related to the North American S group than the North American P group. Thus. the P group from North America and P group from Europe may have been derived from independent speciation events. These-data raise questions of how factors such as host selection, host species distribution, and paleoecological events have intpracted with reproductive isolating mechanisms to influence evolutionary divergence in H. annosum. M.E. Palm, USDA/APHIS/PPQ, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705. Pilidium concavum - synanamorph of Hainesia lythri. Single conidial isolates of Pilidium concavum (Desm.) Hohnel consistently yielded both sporodochia of Hainesia lythri (Desm.) Hohnel and conidiomata of - P. concavum. This confirms the observations of Shear and Dodge (Mycologia 13:135-170. 1921) that the two are synanamorphs, with a Discohainesia oenotherae (Cooke & Ellis) Nannf. teleomorph (as Pezizella lpthri (Desm.! Shear & Dodge). Cultural characters on several agar media and conidiomatal morphology on alfalfa stems and blackberry twigs were recorded. Based on examination of type specimens, Sclerotiopsis testudinea Desm. is an additional synonym of P. concavum. ;. G. PELYE?, 0. I(. 14iLLEE. JE., & C. GilUBIi. Departmen; of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Inszi:~.te ad Etaze University, Elacksburg, VA. 24061. Ectoqvcorrilzal fungi frdizing on burned an? unburnel pine plots after e lcng &ought in the Virginie ~ppalachians . A third successive dry year was predicted for 1988. liumerous lightening fires during 1957 suggested the need for litter- an8 shrub-free fire breaks on the Jefferson Iiational Forest. In February one control burn for this purpose split a stand of Pinus pungensl P. riside with scne oak into two plots of' equal area. -- An unburned star.< of ?inus virgixiana with similar area but fewer ocr.s occupied a lower and more moist site. After a ho:, ary six weeks, :he first duffmoistenlng rain since nid-April fell on .July 13. One or more showers per week kept duff moist through mid-October after v>ich weather was drier and cooler than normal. The first mushrooms of ectomycorrhizal fungi in any of the stands developed oc the Surned plot. Subsequently the number of species on ~ne burned plot exceed that on the unbur2ed at each collectior, date. S~~ecies of these fungi were more numerous in the pungens/rigida plots compared with the virginianz plot through mid-September after which the naxirnuc: number of species varied betveer. one pine tpe an? the cther. Tinrough the end of Vovember when fruitir.6 ceesee, ??: of 12; prob:?.ie taxa of ectofungi we?€ iacctifie? ES species ir. 25 genera of 3asl:ior;:cetes. J. C. l~A1,klER. 0. E;. MILLER, JR.. & C. CRUHN. Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic 1nst.itutc & State University, Blacksburg. VA 24060. Ectomycorrhizal fungi fruiting on burned and unburned pine plots after a long drought in the Virginia Appalachians. A third successive dry year was predicted for 1988. Numerous lightening fires during 1987 suggested the need for litter- and shrub-free firc brealrr on the Jefferson National Fnrest. In February one control burn for ,this purpose split a stand of Pinus pungens/P_. rigida with some oak into two plots of equal area. An-unburned stand of Pinus virainiana with similar area but fewer oaks occupied a lower and more moist site. After a hot, dry six weeks, the first duff-moistening rain since mid-April fell on July 13. One or more showers per week kept duff moist through mid-October after which weather was drier and cooler than normal. The first mushrooms of ectomycorrhizal fungi in any of the stands developed on the burned plot. Subsequently the number of species on the burned plot exceeded that on the unburned at each collection date. Species of these fungi were more numerous in the pungens /rigida plots compared with the virginiana plot through mid-September after which the maximum number of species varied between one pine type and the other. Through the end of November when fruiting ceased. 94 of 121 probable taxa of ectofungi were identified as species in 25 genera of Basidiomycetes. Ronald H; Petersen. Botany Department, University of -e, Knoxville, Th' 37996- 1100. nat ing systems in the genus Xerom- phallus (Xerulaceae, Agaricales). Ut il izing single-spore Isolates, it was found that X, campanella, X. tenulpes, X. curtfpes, X; kauffmanji, and X; fulvipes are governed - -. by a unifactorial mating svstem. while X; caut icina? is and X, branneola show a bif aF torial syslem. In addition, "lethal" genes, caused hyphal lysis during hyphal confron- tation, operate in several taxa, and at least X. tenulpes is suspected of forming binuc- Gat-diospores. Biological species intercontinental distribut ion 1s discussed.
R. PINETTE, P. ZDROJOUY, AND S. BROWN. University of Naine at Presque Isle, Math/Science Division, 181 Main Street, Presque Isle, ME 04769. Effect of RoundupR, a glyphosate herbicide, on fi vitro growth of three species of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with black spruce. I n northern Raine, RoundupR, a glyphosate herbicide, is used to suppress undesirable species in black spruce plantations within the first year of transplanting seedlings. Three mycorrhizal species, Laccaria Laccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk 8 Br., Tylopi lus felleus (Fr.) Kars. and a Cortinarius sp., were isolated from sporocarps associated ui th black spruce. These were tested for the effect of different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm) of the active ingredient, glyphosate, on the vitro growth of the isolates on Modified Melin Norkrans nutrient agar medium as measured by taking the diameter of the mycelium. Reduction i n growth due to different herbicide concent rations were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Lover concentrations of glyphosate had a stimulatory effect, but higher concentrations resulted i n a significant (p=0.05) reduction in growth. M. J. POWELL and W. H. BLACKWELL. Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056. Analysis of zoosporic ultrastructural characters for phylogenetic reconstruction of Oomycetes. Current concepts on the classification and phylogenetic relationships of Protista are based on comparative ultrastructure of motile spores. For the Oomycetes, data are accumulating on the ontogeny and detailed structure of zoosporic organelles, on organellar associations, and on the architecture of the flagellar apparatus. Even though these features have been compared empirically, characters and character states have not been scrutinized or analyzed using more objective methods. The purpose of this study is to collate existing ultrastructural data on zoospores of Oomycetes, to define characters and character states, and to analyze the data using cladistic methodology. Although there are readily identifiable gaps in the data set, analysis within Oomycetes supports the close affinity of the Order Leptomitales to the Saprolegniales. The order Lagenidiales does not hold together by character analysis, and hence represents a heterogeneous grouping of organisms which should be realigned into different orders. R. H. PROCIDH and E. B. SMALLEX. lleprbmt of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Lirden m., Madison, WI, 53706. Effects of mnone E on the graJVl of ODhiostaM ulrni and other fungi. nEe deqree of phytoalexin toleranoe is an hprtant factor in limit- the virulenoe of sane funsdl pathagems: we the effects of the elm phytoalexln mansonone E on the myaelial qraJth of Crhiostarna (ha.) Nand. an3 16 other fungal species to determine whether tolerance to mansomne E is important for virulence on elm. Mansomne E was incorporatad into potato dextrose agar at varicxls comtrations. Mansonone E inhibited the grwth of aggressive bola- of Q. more than that of nowaggressive isolates. O&iostasM was nure tolerant to mansonone E than were nost but not U,of the other fmqi ewmined. Ni-dine was used to generate mrtarrts of Q. ulmi with ' sensitivity to l~nsonone E. G 3 e h E w i t h varying degrees of resistance to Q. u, were inoailated with these mutants, 3 mutants were less virulent than the wild type strain from which they were derived. Haever, the fcurth nutant was as virulent as the wild type strain. mese data suggest that alth0ql-I Q. ulrni is relatively tolerant to mansonone E, this tolerance may not be required for virulence on elm. C.C. PRUSSO. Biology Department, University of Nevada. Reno. NV 89557. An interpretation of the mouth types of the Tulostoma basidiocarp. The mouth of the Tulostoma basidiocarp is one of the primary characters used in identifying collections to species. However, the variability encountered often makes selection of a mouth type difficult. Also, terms used to describe the mouth are based on interpretation that varies from author to author. During the preparation of a key to species of Tulostoma that occur in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert it became necessary to examine mouth types and to establish useable categories. Three mouth types are easily recognized. 1) The definite mouth is a circular to elliptical opening, plane extended into a tube of varying length. 2) The fibrillose mouth has an opening surrounded by a hyphal mat built-up on the peridium. 3) The valvate mouth is formed by wedge-shaped segments that open upward in a stellate manner forming a crown-like rim. Other types are not as easily defined. The fimbriate mouth is an opening wfth fibrils projecting from the edge like a fringe. The rugose mouth is surrounded by a coarsely wrinkled, Flister-like border that is peridial in nature, not a build-up on the peridium. The indefinite mouth is quite varied and has no distinguishing characters, often being a mere slit or ragged opening. It may well be that the fimbriate and rugose types are forms of the indefinite.
Page 1 and 2: ROGER D. SOiW ISSN 0541 - 4938 Myco
Page 3 and 4: Mycological Society of America NEWS
Page 5 and 6: Abstracts of Papers and Posters S.
Page 7 and 8: isolates each Of NABS 1 and 111. tw
Page 9 and 10: J. li BHAlTACHAWJEE. Department of
Page 11 and 12: B. E. CALLAK. Pacific Forestry Cent
Page 13 and 14: of E. macrocarwum were used to inoc
Page 15 and 16: the area of the ascus apex and prol
Page 17 and 18: K. FCSS and J. R. GARCIA, Biology D
Page 19 and 20: continents. Conidia and conidiophor
Page 21 and 22: MICHAEL T. HOLMES, EDUARDO M. VADEL
Page 23 and 24: KAY, ERIC and RYTAS VILGALYS. Botan
Page 25 and 26: sclerotiorum, pLK44.20, that when u
Page 27 and 28: and seed phosphorus concentration,
Page 29 and 30: MI and Y. Chen. Department of Biolo
Page 31 and 32: oot pieces treated with a 10% chlor
Page 33: E.A. MOMOL. J.W. KIMBROUGH, and H.C
Page 37 and 38: R.W. ROBERSON. Department of Botany
Page 39 and 40: ates of ginseng plants grown in the
Page 41 and 42: have single, deciduous spores on th
Page 43 and 44: Ascomycotina, ~asidiomycotina, and
Page 45 and 46: Michael 4. Vincent. Department of B
Page 47 and 48: C. G. Wu and J. W. Kimbrou~h. Plant
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