Manual - International Environmental Technology Centre

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2.C. APPLICATION OF ECOHYDROLOGY AND PHYTOTECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. UNESCO / UNEP DEMONSTRATION PROJECT Demonstration projects aims at developing, validating and implementing ecohydrology and phytotechnology in integrated watershed management, and are joint UNESCO/UNEP initiatives. Based on the above concepts, demonstration projects endeavour to develop a cost-effective, comprehensive strategy, not only for improving water quality and quantity, but also for meeting local concerns in a given region. The Pilica River Demonstration Project was designed to mitigate point and non-point sources of pollution entering a river, reduce the risk of toxic algal blooms appearing in a shallow reservoir and converting these threats into opportunities for the regional economy. LOCATION OF THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT The Pilica River Demonstration Project is located in central Poland. It is comprised of a catchment - river - reservoir system, including the Pilica Ri- VwerySmatrBook03.p65 25 2004-06-17, 17:18 Fig. 2.1 The Pilica River (photo: B. Sumorok) 25 Introduction: Ecohydrology & Phytotechnology
Introduction: Ecohydrology & Phytotechnology ver (Fig. 2.1) and a lowland reservoir located in its middle reach (the Sulejow Reservoir; Box 2.5). For nearly 30 years the main function of the reservoir has been to supply the City of Lodz (about 800 000 inhabitants) with drinking water. This purpose has lately been restricted because of water quality concerns. It serves now as an optional source of drinking water and recreational area for about 1 million people. KEY ISSUES Key issues have been classified into ecological and socio-economic categories (Box 2.6). 26 VwerySmatrBook03.p65 26 2004-06-17, 17:18 Ecological issues The Pilica River catchment is a beautiful, picturesque area, with several landscape parks and preserved old forests, as well it has high cultural and historical values. The river itself - although over most of it’s length has an undisturbed character - it is, however, impacted by point-sources of pollution due to unstable and outdated sewage treatment technologies. These affect the chemical and physical components, bacteriology and biotic structure of the river. A large part of the pollution also comes from non-point sources, which is derived mostly from agriculture in the catchment (Box 2.5). The pollution not only effects the quality of the river, but is transported to the Sulejow Reservoir located downstream. Large amounts of the inflowing sediment and nutrients are retained in the reservoir, resulting in eutrophication and the occurrence of intensive cyanobacterial blooms during summers. The maximum cyanobacterial biomass observed in 1995 reached 60 mg L-1 (Tarczynska, 1998). Several studies revealed cancerous and toxic effects of the toxins produced in the reservoir by the cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) (Mankiewicz, Tarczynska, Walter, Zalewski, 2003; see chapter 7.D). Socio-economic issues The area is characterized by a high unemployment rate, locally reaching more than 20%. At the same time agriculture, considered traditionally to be the main income for a large part of the local population, has been limited by low soil quality in a competitive economy. High value of the region’s natural resources could make it a good area for future development of recreation, tourism and eco-tourism. However, there is a need to improve the water quality and reduce the occurrence of toxic algal blooms, which reduce the appeal of the area for potential investors and can restrict the development. Another opportunity is development of alternative agricultural production, e.g., production of biomass.
Page 1 and 2: UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTI
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Glossary & Abbreviations AEROBES -
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References Bernatowicz S., Wolny P.
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References Fladmark, K.E., Serres,
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References Knoeshe R., Schreckenbac
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References Nicholson, B.C. & Burch,
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References buffer zones. p: 171-191
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References Tiedje J. M. 1982. Denit
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References Zalewski, M., Brewinka-Z
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Contributing Authors Maciej Zalewsk
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