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MAKE SURE TO CHECK THESE RESOURCES: Guidelines: chapters 2, 7, 10 www.biol.uni.lodz.pl/demosite/pilica VwerySmatrBook03.p65 29 2004-06-17, 17:18 29 Introduction: Ecohydrology & Phytotechnology
Introduction: Basic Concepts & Definitions 30 3.A. WATERSHED WHAT IS A WATERSHED? Rivers can be seen as veins of a leaf, extending all over a drainage basin up to their divides. When rain falls on a watershed it finally ends up in a river system. A river channel is the lowest point in the surrounding landscape. Its purpose is to convey excess water from a drainage basin, which will include the products of weathering and additional loads of solutes produced by man. This property makes a drainage basin an integrator and its operation is reflected in the quantity and quality of the river run-off. Drainage basin (catchment area) is the area which supplies a river system, lake or reservoir with water. The whole area consists of smaller subcatchments supplying tributaries of the main river and direct catchments, which drain straight into a lake or main river (Box 3.1). The purpose of the river system is to drain catchment areas. Surplus water in the drainage area forms river run-off, which is conveyed by a river system. Products of weathering (sediments and solutes) as well as man-generated pollutants, are transported with the water. WHERE ARE THE BOUNDARIES OF A WATERSHED? The boundary line separating catchments is called a drainage divide or watershed divide. A watershed divide is delineated on a topographic VwerySmatrBook03.p65 30 2004-06-17, 17:18 map according to the relief of the landscape. This method helps to determine the surface catchment. In many catchments the area which supplies a river system with groundwater is not coincident with the surface catchment. Ground water may flow from a distant area. In such a case a groundwater catchment should be delineated based on an analysis of the groundwater contour lines or piezometric surface. WHY IS A WATERSHED A BASIC UNIT IN IWM? A drainage basin is the primary unit for water and matter circulation, analysis and planning. In this unit mesoscale water circulation is created from a random and temporally uneven field of atmospheric precipitation. According to the first principle of ecohydrology, which defines the framework for ecohydrological processes in IWM, energy flow, water and matter circulation are integrated at a basin scale, as a major unit, and function as a single entity. The mesoscale cycle of water circulation within a basin regulates the coupling of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, provides a template for the quantification of ecological processes and creates the template for the application of ecohydrology and phytotechnologies in management practices.
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Management: Landscape How to apply?
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Management: Landscape 144 9.B. HOW
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Glossary & Abbreviations AEROBES -
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Glossary & Abbreviations GRID DATA
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References Bernatowicz S., Wolny P.
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References Fladmark, K.E., Serres,
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References Knoeshe R., Schreckenbac
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References Nicholson, B.C. & Burch,
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References buffer zones. p: 171-191
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References Tiedje J. M. 1982. Denit
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References Zalewski, M., Brewinka-Z
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Contributing Authors Maciej Zalewsk
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