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Block cipher modes of operation 19 the ciphertext to produce x bits of plaintext. Then shift the x bits of the ciphertext into the shift register. This way of proceeding is known as CFB-8 or CFB-1 (according to the size of the shifting). [16] In notation, where S i is the ith state of the shift register, a
Block cipher modes of operation 20 Each output feedback block cipher operation depends on all previous ones, and so cannot be performed in parallel. However, because the plaintext or ciphertext is only used for the final XOR, the block cipher operations may be performed in advance, allowing the final step to be performed in parallel once the plaintext or ciphertext is available. It is possible to obtain an OFB mode keystream by using CBC mode with a constant string of zeroes as input. This can be useful, because it allows the usage of fast hardware implementations of CBC mode for OFB mode encryption. Using OFB mode with a partial block as feedback like CFB mode reduces the average cycle length by a factor of or more. A mathematical model proposed by Davies and Parkin and substantiated by experimental results showed that only with full feedback an average cycle length near to the obtainable maximum can be achieved. For this reason, support for truncated feedback was removed <strong>from</strong> the specification of OFB. [17][18]
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Page 3 and 4: Article Licenses License 180
Page 5 and 6: Advanced Encryption Standard 2 is a
Page 7 and 8: Advanced Encryption Standard 4 The
Page 9 and 10: Advanced Encryption Standard 6 Know
Page 11 and 12: Advanced Encryption Standard 8 Test
Page 13 and 14: Block cipher 10 Block cipher In cry
Page 15 and 16: Block cipher 12 Block ciphers and o
Page 17 and 18: Block cipher modes of operation 14
Page 21: Block cipher modes of operation 18
Page 27 and 28: Certificate authority 24 Certificat
Page 29 and 30: Certificate authority 26 Security T
Page 31 and 32: CMAC 28 The CMAC tag generation pro
Page 33 and 34: Cryptographic hash function 30 resi
Page 35 and 36: Cryptographic hash function 32 func
Page 37 and 38: Cryptographic hash function 34 Algo
Page 39 and 40: DiffieHellman key exchange 36 The s
Page 41 and 42: DiffieHellman key exchange 38 3. Bo
Page 43 and 44: DiffieHellman key exchange 40 Upon
Page 45 and 46: DiffieHellman key exchange 42 • C
Page 47 and 48: Digital signature 44 every paramete
Page 49 and 50: Digital signature 46 implemented. I
Page 51 and 52: Digital signature 48 authority). Fo
Page 53 and 54: Digital Signature Algorithm 50 Digi
Page 55 and 56: Digital Signature Algorithm 52 Sens
Page 57 and 58: HMAC 54 Implementation The followin
Page 59 and 60: HMAC 56 External links • FIPS PUB
Page 61 and 62: HTTP Secure 58 Browser integration
Page 63 and 64: HTTP Secure 60 From an architectura
Page 65 and 66: IPsec 62 IPsec Internet Protocol Se
Page 67 and 68: IPsec 64 operates directly on top o
Page 69 and 70: IPsec 66 Cryptographic algorithms C
Page 71 and 72: IPsec 68 External links • All IET
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Kerberos (protocol) 70 Kerberos (pr
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Kerberos (protocol) 72 Client Authe
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Kerberos (protocol) 74 External lin
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Message authentication code 76 Mess
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Message authentication code 78 Exte
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NeedhamSchroeder protocol 80 S resp
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Pretty Good Privacy 82 Pretty Good
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Pretty Good Privacy 84 Security qua
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Pretty Good Privacy 86 PGP 3 and fo
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Pretty Good Privacy 88 based on sec
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Public key certificate 90 Public ke
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Public key certificate 92 (b) ensur
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Public key certificate 94 Usefulnes
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Public key infrastructure 96 As tim
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Public key infrastructure 98 Extern
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Public-key cryptography 100 In cont
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Public-key cryptography 102 To achi
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Public-key cryptography 104 using t
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Public-key cryptography 106 Spreadi
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Public-key cryptography 108 Externa
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RSA (algorithm) 110 The RSA algorit
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RSA (algorithm) 112 A working examp
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RSA (algorithm) 114 Signing message
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RSA (algorithm) 116 Side-channel an
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RSA (algorithm) 118 • The PKCS #1
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S/MIME 120 administrative overhead
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Secure Electronic Transaction 122 T
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Secure Shell 124 Usage SSH is typic
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Secure Shell 126 • RFC 4462, Gene
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Secure Shell 128 ability to multipl
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Security service (telecommunication
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Security service (telecommunication
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SHA-1 134 SHA-1 SHA-1 General Desig
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SHA-1 136 Applications SHA-1 forms
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SHA-1 138 At the Rump Session of CR
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SHA-1 140 a = temp Add this chunk's
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SHA-1 142 • Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun L
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Stream cipher 144 Types of stream c
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Stream cipher 146 Filter generator
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Stream cipher 148 SNOW Pre-2003 Ver
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Symmetric-key algorithm 150 Key gen
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Transport Layer Security 152 TLS 1.
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Transport Layer Security 154 • SS
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Transport Layer Security 156 • Fi
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Transport Layer Security 158 Length
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Transport Layer Security 160 layer
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Transport Layer Security 162 Suppor
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Transport Layer Security 164 • RF
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Transport Layer Security 166 Extern
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X.509 168 Extensions informing a sp
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X.509 170 00:d3:a4:50:6e:c8:ff:56:6
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X.509 172 Exploits • MD2-based ce
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X.509 174 External links • ITU-T
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Article Sources and Contributors 17
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Article Sources and Contributors 17
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License 180 License Creative Common
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