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DiffieHellman key exchange 41 Notes [1] Synonyms of Diffie–Hellman key exchange include: • Diffie–Hellman key agreement • Diffie–Hellman key establishment • Diffie–Hellman key negotiation • Exponential key exchange • Diffie–Hellman protocol • Diffie–Hellman handshake [2] http:/ / www. comsoc. org/ livepubs/ ci1/ public/ anniv/ pdfs/ hellman. pdf [3] http:/ / www. google. com/ patents?vid=4,200,770 [4] http:/ / buchananweb. co. uk/ security02. aspx References • Dieter Gollmann (2006). Computer Security Second Edition West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. • The possibility of Non-Secret digital encryption (http:/ / cryptocellar. web. cern. ch/ cryptocellar/ cesg/ possnse. pdf) J. H. Ellis, January 1970. • Non-Secret Encryption Using a Finite Field (http:/ / www. cesg. gov. uk/ publications/ media/ secenc. pdf) MJ Williamson, January 21, 1974. • Thoughts on Cheaper Non-Secret Encryption (http:/ / www. fi. muni. cz/ usr/ matyas/ lecture/ paper3. pdf) MJ Williamson, August 10, 1976. • New Directions in Cryptography (http:/ / citeseer. ist. psu. edu/ viewdoc/ summary?doi=10. 1. 1. 37. 9720) W. Diffie and M. E. Hellman, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-22, Nov. 1976, pp: 644–654. • Cryptographic apparatus and method (http:/ / www. google. com/ patents?vid=4200770) Martin E. Hellman, Bailey W. Diffie, and Ralph C. Merkle, U.S. Patent #4,200,770, 29 April 1980 • The History of Non-Secret Encryption (http:/ / www. cesg. gov. uk/ site/ publications/ media/ ellis. pdf) JH Ellis 1987 (28K PDF file) ( HTML version (http:/ / www. jya. com/ ellisdoc. htm)) • The First Ten Years of Public-Key Cryptography (http:/ / cr. yp. to/ bib/ 1988/ diffie. pdf) Whitfield Diffie, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 76, no. 5, May 1988, pp: 560–577 (1.9MB PDF file) • Menezes, Alfred; van Oorschot, Paul; Vanstone, Scott (1997). Handbook of Applied Cryptography Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-8523-7. ( Available online (http:/ / www. cacr. math. uwaterloo. ca/ hac/ )) • Singh, Simon (1999) The Code Book: the evolution of secrecy from Mary Queen of Scots to quantum cryptography New York: Doubleday ISBN 0-385-49531-5 • An Overview of Public Key Cryptography (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1109/ MCOM. 2002. 1006971) Martin E. Hellman, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2002, pp:42–49. (123kB PDF file) External links • Oral history interview with Martin Hellman (http:/ / www. cbi. umn. edu/ oh/ display. phtml?id=353), Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Leading cryptography scholar Martin Hellman discusses the circumstances and fundamental insights of his invention of public key cryptography with collaborators Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle at Stanford University in the mid-1970s. • RFC 2631 – Diffie–Hellman Key Agreement Method E. Rescorla June 1999. • Summary of ANSI X9.42: Agreement of Symmetric Keys Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography (http:/ / csrc. nist. gov/ encryption/ kms/ summary-x9-42. pdf) (64K PDF file) ( Description of ANSI 9 Standards (http:/ / www. rsasecurity. com/ rsalabs/ node. asp?id=2306)) • Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange – A Non-Mathematician’s Explanation (http:/ / docs. google. com/ viewer?a=v& pid=sites& srcid=bmV0aXAuY29tfGhvbWV8Z3g6NTA2NTM0YmNhZjRhZDYzZQ) by Keith Palmgren • Crypt::DH (http:/ / search. cpan. org/ search?query=Crypt::DH& mode=module) Perl module from CPAN • Hands-on Diffie–Hellman demonstration (http:/ / ds9a. nl/ tmp/ dh. html)
DiffieHellman key exchange 42 • C implementation using GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (http:/ / oldpiewiki. yoonkn. com/ cgi-bin/ moin. cgi/ DiffieHellmanKeyExchange) • Diffie Hellman in 2 lines of Perl (http:/ / www. cypherspace. org/ adam/ rsa/ perl-dh. html) (using dc) • Smart Account Management (SAcct) (http:/ / code. google. com/ p/ sacct/ ) (using DH key exchange to derive session key) • Talk by Martin Hellman in 2007, Google video (http:/ / video. google. com/ videoplay?docid=8991737124862867507) Digital signature A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, and that it was not altered in transit. Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering. Explanation Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, [1] but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures. [2][3][4] In some countries, including the United States, India, [5] and members of the European Union, electronic signatures have legal significance. However, laws concerning electronic signatures do not always make clear whether they are digital cryptographic signatures in the sense used here, leaving the legal definition, and so their importance, somewhat confused. Digital signatures employ a type of asymmetric cryptography. For messages sent through a nonsecure channel, a properly implemented digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender. Digital signatures are equivalent to traditional handwritten signatures in many respects; properly implemented digital signatures are more difficult to forge than the handwritten type. Digital signature schemes in the sense used here are cryptographically based, and must be implemented properly to be effective. Digital signatures can also provide non-repudiation, meaning that the signer cannot successfully claim they did not sign a message, while also claiming their private key remains secret; further, some non-repudiation schemes offer a time stamp for the digital signature, so that even if the private key is exposed, the signature is valid nonetheless. Digitally signed messages may be anything representable as a bitstring: examples include electronic mail, contracts, or a message sent via some other cryptographic protocol.
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Page 3 and 4: Article Licenses License 180
Page 5 and 6: Advanced Encryption Standard 2 is a
Page 7 and 8: Advanced Encryption Standard 4 The
Page 9 and 10: Advanced Encryption Standard 6 Know
Page 11 and 12: Advanced Encryption Standard 8 Test
Page 13 and 14: Block cipher 10 Block cipher In cry
Page 15 and 16: Block cipher 12 Block ciphers and o
Page 17 and 18: Block cipher modes of operation 14
Page 27 and 28: Certificate authority 24 Certificat
Page 29 and 30: Certificate authority 26 Security T
Page 31 and 32: CMAC 28 The CMAC tag generation pro
Page 33 and 34: Cryptographic hash function 30 resi
Page 35 and 36: Cryptographic hash function 32 func
Page 37 and 38: Cryptographic hash function 34 Algo
Page 39 and 40: DiffieHellman key exchange 36 The s
Page 41 and 42: DiffieHellman key exchange 38 3. Bo
Page 43: DiffieHellman key exchange 40 Upon
Page 47 and 48: Digital signature 44 every paramete
Page 49 and 50: Digital signature 46 implemented. I
Page 51 and 52: Digital signature 48 authority). Fo
Page 53 and 54: Digital Signature Algorithm 50 Digi
Page 55 and 56: Digital Signature Algorithm 52 Sens
Page 57 and 58: HMAC 54 Implementation The followin
Page 59 and 60: HMAC 56 External links • FIPS PUB
Page 61 and 62: HTTP Secure 58 Browser integration
Page 63 and 64: HTTP Secure 60 From an architectura
Page 65 and 66: IPsec 62 IPsec Internet Protocol Se
Page 67 and 68: IPsec 64 operates directly on top o
Page 69 and 70: IPsec 66 Cryptographic algorithms C
Page 71 and 72: IPsec 68 External links • All IET
Page 73 and 74: Kerberos (protocol) 70 Kerberos (pr
Page 75 and 76: Kerberos (protocol) 72 Client Authe
Page 77 and 78: Kerberos (protocol) 74 External lin
Page 79 and 80: Message authentication code 76 Mess
Page 81 and 82: Message authentication code 78 Exte
Page 83 and 84: NeedhamSchroeder protocol 80 S resp
Page 85 and 86: Pretty Good Privacy 82 Pretty Good
Page 87 and 88: Pretty Good Privacy 84 Security qua
Page 89 and 90: Pretty Good Privacy 86 PGP 3 and fo
Page 91 and 92: Pretty Good Privacy 88 based on sec
Page 93 and 94: Public key certificate 90 Public ke
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Public key certificate 92 (b) ensur
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Public key certificate 94 Usefulnes
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Public key infrastructure 96 As tim
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Public key infrastructure 98 Extern
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Public-key cryptography 100 In cont
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Public-key cryptography 102 To achi
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Public-key cryptography 104 using t
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Public-key cryptography 106 Spreadi
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Public-key cryptography 108 Externa
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RSA (algorithm) 110 The RSA algorit
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RSA (algorithm) 112 A working examp
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RSA (algorithm) 114 Signing message
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RSA (algorithm) 116 Side-channel an
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RSA (algorithm) 118 • The PKCS #1
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S/MIME 120 administrative overhead
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Secure Electronic Transaction 122 T
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Secure Shell 124 Usage SSH is typic
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Secure Shell 126 • RFC 4462, Gene
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Secure Shell 128 ability to multipl
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Security service (telecommunication
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Security service (telecommunication
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SHA-1 134 SHA-1 SHA-1 General Desig
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SHA-1 136 Applications SHA-1 forms
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SHA-1 138 At the Rump Session of CR
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SHA-1 140 a = temp Add this chunk's
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SHA-1 142 • Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun L
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Stream cipher 144 Types of stream c
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Stream cipher 146 Filter generator
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Stream cipher 148 SNOW Pre-2003 Ver
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Symmetric-key algorithm 150 Key gen
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Transport Layer Security 152 TLS 1.
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Transport Layer Security 154 • SS
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Transport Layer Security 156 • Fi
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Transport Layer Security 158 Length
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Transport Layer Security 160 layer
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Transport Layer Security 162 Suppor
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Transport Layer Security 164 • RF
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Transport Layer Security 166 Extern
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X.509 168 Extensions informing a sp
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X.509 170 00:d3:a4:50:6e:c8:ff:56:6
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X.509 172 Exploits • MD2-based ce
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X.509 174 External links • ITU-T
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Article Sources and Contributors 17
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Article Sources and Contributors 17
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License 180 License Creative Common
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