Issue 121 - Documentation Center of Cambodia

TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm

TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 

�xYbelIkTI10 énTsSnavdþIEsVgrkkarBit>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3 

EpñkÉksar 

�bdivtþin_nigskmμPaBk,t;rbs; ekAlI fughYt ehA eFOn>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5 

�GñkRKÚ mMu em:t ³ beRgónRbvtþisa®sþkm>>>>>>>>>>>14 

�GñkRKÚ Ebn nag ³ beRgónRbvtþisa®sþkm>>>>>>>>21 

EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav 

�Gwm m:g; GtItRKÚbeRgónrbs;GñkniBn§esovePA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>24 

�j:úk Buy ³ rkeXIjb¥ÚnRbúsenAmnÞIrs-21>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26 

�karrkeXIjsnþiPaBenAmNÐlekμgkMRBa vtþGUreBat>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29 

�EsVgyl;GMBIeKhTMB½rXøaMemIlkarvivDÆrbs;GgÁCMnuMCRmH >>>>>>>>>>>32 

Epñkc,ab; 

�karTTYl)annUvyutþiFm’ nigkarpSHpSaCati >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>34 

evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ 

�Duc minGacbMpøajmnusSCati)aneT>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>41 

�kMhusrbs;emFavIkarBarkþI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>50 

TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar 

�CIvit«Bukmþay´kñúgrbb b:ul Bt>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>59 

GñkPUmieFVIdMeNIrRtLb;mklMenAzan qñaM1979 

EsVgrkkarBit 

elx121 Exmkra qñaM2010 

GñkPUmieFVIdMeNIrRtLb;mklMenAzan qñaM1979 

rkSasiT§ i 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm

EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt 

enAkñúgrbbkm

elx121 Exmkra qñaM2010 EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt 

EsVgrkyutþiFm’dl;RbCaCnkm

EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt 

qñaM2010enH KWCaxYbKRmb;elIkTIdb;énTsSnavdþI 

EsVgrkkarBitrbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm

elx121 Exmkra qñaM2010 EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt 

km

EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 

ekAlI fughYt ehA eFOn Gayu30qñaM RtÚv)ancab;xøÜn 

nigsYrcemøIyenAkñúgmnÞIrs-21 EdlsßiteRkamkarRKb; 

RKgrbs;bgéføxøÜneQμaH Duc. enAkñúgsvnakarsaladMbUg 

Duc )anGHGagfa «b¥ÚnéføeQμaH eFOn EdlCasmaCikRkúm 

KUrEpnTIenAmnÞIrs-21 RtÚv)ancab;xøÜn edaysarEterOg 

xUcxilCamYyRsIjI ». 

eyagtamÉksarcemøIysarPaBrbs; ekAlI fughYt 

EdleFVIcMnYnBIrelIk 1¦ enAkñúgÉksarelx J00036 cuH 

kalbriecäTéfTI8 ExkBaØa qñaM1977 ¬EdlRbEhlCa 

sresredaysamIxøÜnpÞal; ekAlI fughYt¦ dak;fa RbvtþirUb 

segçbnigeFVIenAkMBg;FM nig2¦ enAkñúgÉksarelxD00036 

cuHkalbriecäTéfTI14 ExsIha qñaM1978 Edlsresrfa 

RbvtþinigskmμPaBk,t;rbs;´ edaymansmmitþ Nan CaGñk 

sYrcemøIyenAmnÞIrs-21. 

cemø IysarPaBelIkTImYy³ Éksar J00036 eFV IenAkMBg;FM 

éQμaH lI fug ekItenAPUmiGg;XøaM sgáat; ¬XMu¦RbLay 

RsukesÞag extþkMBg;FM. ´man«BukeQμaH huk lI nigmþay 

eQμaH erOn RbkbmuxrbreFVIERs niglk;nMbBa©úk. enAeBl´ 

Gayu)an5qñaM mþay´)ansøab;. ´rs;enACamYy«Buk nig 

b¥ÚnRsIbegáItBIrnak; eQμaH KIm ¬eQμaHbdivtþn_ sIum¦ nigmñak; 

eToteQμaH esom. 

enAqñaM1956 enAeBl´Gayu7qñaM ´)ancUleronenA 

salabzmsikSakñúgPUmi edaymanb¥ÚnRsI²nig«BukErknM 

bBa©úklk;edIm,IsnSMR)ak;mk[éron. 

enAqñaM1962-66 éronfñak;TI3 enAGnuviTüal½y 

esÞag EdlmancmaypøÚvRbmaN12KILÚEm:RtBIpÞH. rhUt 


Rbvtþi nigskmμPaBk,t;rbs; ekAlI fughYt ehA eFOn 

¬b¥Únéførbs; Duc¦ ³ smaCikRkúmKUrEpnTI 

cab;xøÜnenAmnÞIrs-21 

dl;qñaM1967 ćUleronbnþenAfñak;TI2 enAextþkMBg;FM 

edaysñak;enAcmáarrbs;tMNagra®sþeQμaH eNGug QMu nig 

CYyeRsacTwkedImdUg nigedImsVay. enAeBlenaH RKÜsar 

´)anx©IR)ak;efAEkma:sIunkinRsUveQμaH Tn; enAEk,rpÞHcMnYn 

CitbImWunerol edIm,Ibg;éføsala nigTijsmÖar³sikSa. 

enAqñaM1967 ´seRmccitþRbLgcUleFVIRKÚenAsala 

kMBg;knÞÜt eRBaHrdæpþl;R)ak;Exnig)ay[hUb. enATIenaH Gñk 

RKÚ NUrI EdlCakUnGñkmanenAextþkMBg;cam)anCYypÁt;pÁg; 

semøókbMBak; nigR)ak;rhUteFVI[´)ak;citþRsLaj;Kat;. 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm

elx121 Exmkra qñaM2010 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 

enAqñaM1968 ´)anRbLgbBa©b; rYck¾ecjeTAbeRgón 

enARsukkMeNIt edIm,IsnSMR)ak;sgbMNuleK. cab;taMgBI 

eBlenaHmk ´k¾)anEbkBI NUrI rYcseRmccitþtamcas;² 

erobkarCamYyRbBn§eQμaH Kwm h‘an eQμaHbdivtþ ¬lIm¦ 

b¥ÚnRsIrbs; Duc. bnÞab;BIerobkarrYc ´)ansnSMR)ak;Tij 

)anm:UtUhugdaesGil90mYyeRKÓg. 

enAExmIna qñaM1971 edayeXIjmaKa’bkSdwknaMRtwmRtÚv 

ńigRbBn§)anseRmccitþcUlCYrbdivtþn_. edaysarRbBn§ 

rbs;´manTmn; ´k¾cUleFVIbdivtþn_munedaymaneQμaH eLIg 

CaGñkTTYlsÁal;enAsgáat;saRKamkñúgRsukesÞag. 

enAéfTI1 Ex]sPa qñaM1971 ´)ancUlsm


cemøIysarPaBelIkTIBIr³ Éksar D00036 eFV IenAmnÞ Ir 

s-21 

´man«BukeQμaH ekA lI Gayu67qñaM sBVéfrs;enA 

PUmiGg;XøaMg XMuRbLay RsukesÞag extþkMBg;FM nig mþay 

eQμaH h‘un erOn ¬søab;¦. 

´manbgb¥ÚnRsIbegáItBIrnak; KWeQμaH Kwm bþIeQμaH 

mas RtÚvGgÁkarcab;xøÜnenA ¬qñaM1977¦ nigeQμaH sIum 

manbþIeQμaH BMu. 

éronenAsala Kwm hYn BIfñak;TI7 dl;fñak;TI12 

ehIyenAqñaM1962 ´bnþeronBIfñak; TI6 dl;TI3 enAGnuviTüa 

l½yesÞag. 

enAqñaM1967 ćUleronenAfñak;TI2 enAviTüal½ykMBg;FM 

ehIyenAcugqñaMdEdlenaH´)anRbLgCab;cUlsalac,ab; 

kMBg;knÞÜt rhUtdl;Bak;kNþalqñaM1968 ´)anRsLaj;Gñk 

RKÚmñak;eQμaH NUrI nig)anxUcsIlFm’lYclak;cMnYn5dg. 

enAedImEx5 qñaM1968 eQμaH eTog éNeCok eron 

enAsalaCamYyKña)anGb;rM´[RsLaj;elakesrI eday 

elIkeLIgfa elakesrImnusSGaceFVIGVItamcitþ taMgBIkar 

hUbcuk cMENkrbbkumμúynIsþeXIjEtlM)akyUr²eTAsIuEt 

GgárkMb:ug. 

mYyéfeRkaymk eBlGgÁúyelgCMuKña TI suKn§ ¬cugqñaM 

1968 ecjeTAextþtaEkv¦ Rbkasfa éfenHCaéfcat;taMg 

RKÚ fugh‘Yt CasmaCikesGIuGa dUecñH´]eTÞsnamRKÚ fugh‘Yt 

CUn eTog éNeCok edIm,IRbkascat;taMgnigTTYlsÁal;Ca 

pøÚvkar. eBlenaH eTog éNeCok )anRbKl;Parkic©[´ 

esIubBinitürkmuxGñk)acRtak;kñúgsalakñúgfñak;eron nig)an 

]eTÞsnamExSesGIuGaenAkñúgfñak;rbs;Kat;maneQμaH h‘an 

qy/ Ekv sUsak;/ gUv TalI/ GIu em:gh‘uy/ lI eLAG‘un nig 

kUy ev:NUrI [´sÁal;eTotpg. 

enAedImExkBaØa qñaM1968 muneBlRbLgbBa©b;vKÁenA 

salamYyéf ´)aneXIjeQμaH´RtÚveTAeFVIkarenAextþ 

kMBg;FM. enARBwkéfbnÞab; TI suKn§ )anehA´[eTACYb éN 


eCok rYcENnaMfa ´ nig kUy ev:NUrI eTAdl;kEnøgeFVIkarRtÚv 

Tak;TgCamYyRKÚeQμaH can;bUr enAPUmibwg XMubwg Rsuk 

)aray¬bc©úb,nñextþkMBg;FM¦ extþkMBg;cam edIm,Itamdan nig 

kemÞcEpnkarrbs;ExμrRkhmenAkñúgsala. 

enAcugqñaM1968 ´beRgónenAsala Kwm hYn rhUt 

dl;Exmkra qñaM1969 ´)anCYbRKÚ can; enAPUmibwg ehIyenA 

eBlenaHKat;sYr´famanb:unμannak;? ´R)ab;Kat;fa manEt 

mñak;Ég eRBaHRKÚ ev:NUrI eTAbeRgónenARsukRkÚcqμar ehIy 

\LÚveTAenAEkb extþkMBtvij. bnÞab;mk RKÚ can; bUr 

k¾]eTÞsnam´[sÁal;RKÚBInak;eTotKW gun nig yiun em:gehOg 

rYcENnaMfa ebIsPaBkarN_enAesÞagmintwgEtgeT elakRKÚ 

RtÚvksagkmøaMgesGIuGabEnßmeTot. 

bnÞab;mk ´)anksagkmøaMgsisS nigRKÚbRgón)an 

cMnYn6nak;KW s‘g s‘amh‘t/ hug em:gfug/ év evOn/ biul hwk/ 

Lay h‘t nig eFOg han. eRkABIenaH´ksagkmøaMg 

esGIuGabgáb;enAkñúgcMeNamRbCaCn)ancMnYn4nak;eTotKW 

emOn/ nwg/ epg nig xan;. 

enABak;kNþalqñaM1969 RKÚ can;bUr )anCYbénApÞH 

bgb¥ÚnCIdUnmYyrbs;Kat;eQμaH tg enAPUmiCIeyak XMukMBg; 

cinxagt,Úg RsukesÞag. bnÞab;mk Kat;Gb;rM´fa \LÚvskmμPaB 

ExμrRkhmenAesÞagsat;ehIy Pñak;garesGIuGarbs;eyIg 

k¾kþab;GVImin)an dUecñHedIm,Ikþab;sPaBkarN_[)an elakRKÚ 

RtÚveTAbgáb;xøÜnenAkñúgRKÜsarbdivtþn_mYy ¬RKÜsar Duc¦ eRBaH 

RKÜsarenHTaMgekμgTaMgcas; sUm,IEtraCkarmkh‘umB½T§pÞH 

BIr-bIdg k¾minEdlykÉksarGVI)anEdr. ´)ansYrfa 

etIcUleTAbgáb;ya:gem:c? RKÚ can; bUr fagayRsYleT [ 

EtelakRKÚyl;RBm eRBaHtambg tg R)ab;´fa RKÜsar 

bdivtþn_enHmanenAsl;kUnRkmMumñak;eTot ehIyeyIg[bg 

tg cUleTATak;TgeKsin ÉbBaðaluykak; caM´[bg tg CYy 

ecj eBlenaH´k¾yl;RBm. 

cab;BIeBlérobkar rs;enAkñúgRKÜsarbdivtþn_ ´min 

Gackþab;sPaBkarN_)aneT. ćab;epþImGukLúkedayyk 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


R)ak;Kat;eTAcayvayx¢Hx¢aykñúgeKalbMNg[RKÜsarenH 

rs;enAlM)aketaky:ak. cMeBaHRbBn§ ´rkerOgsþIbenÞas 

ral;éfedayeRbIBaküsmþInigGakb,kiriyaemIlgayemIl 

efak«Bukmþayekμk nigbgb¥ÚnCaRbcaMedayGagxøÜnman 

R)ak;Excay. 

enAExmifuna qñaM1970 can; bUr )anmkCYb´ ehIyR)ab; 

fakmøaMgesGIuGar)a:t;r)a:y ehIy em:g ehOg nig gun eKc 

xøÜneTAPñMeBjGs;ehIy. rhUtdl;Ex10 can; bUr k¾eKcxøÜn 

eTAPñMeBjeTot. 

enAExmkra qñaM1971 ´)aneTAkEnøgbg Rs‘un elxa 

RsukesÞag sMucUlbdivtþn_edIm,I bgáb;xøÜn. bg Rs‘un )an 

sYr´faelakRKÚcg;)anR)ak;ExeToteT? b:uEnþ´min)aneqøIy 

tbvijeT eRBaHsμanKat;niyayelg. rhUtdl;cugEx1 bg 

Rs‘un )ansYrmþgeTot ´k¾eqøIyfacg; ehIyKat;k¾Gb;rMfa elak 

RKÚRtÚvRCHRsLHBIRKÜsarmkeFVIkarCamYyéRBaHParkic© 

sMxan;rbs;´ KWesGIuGabgáb;nigmanExSry³cab;BIPUmiPaK 

KWbg XYn rhUtdl;tMbn;KWbg eDOn. eRkaymk Rs‘un )an 

cat;taMg´[eTARKb;RKgenAXMusaRKamnig]eTÞsnamkmøaMg 

esGIuGaTaMgGs;enAkñúgRsukesÞagmaneQμaH eLIg Gnuelxa 

RsukesÞag nigkmμaPi)alRKb;RKgXMucMnYn25nak;eTot. 

enAExkumÖ³ qñaM1971 ´)ancUlrYmRbCMuenAmnÞIrrbs;bg 

Rs‘un EdlsßitenAPUmikMBg;kþI XMukMBg;cint,Úg edaymanGñk 

cUlrYmTaMgGs;cMnYn15nak; ehIybg Rs‘un )anelIkEpnkar 

fa kmøaMgesGIuGaRtÚvedIrniyaybMpusR)ab;RbCaCnfa 

bnþiceTotGñkmanRTBüsm,tþiGgÁkarRbmUlykeTAdak;rYm 

ehIyGñkraCkarRtÚvcab;kemÞc. mYyGaTitüeRkay ´bMpus 

RKÚbeRgónbYnnak; nigCagmasmYyRKÜsar[rt;cUlPñMeBj. 

enAExmIna qñaM1971 bgRs‘un )ansYrfa«Bukmþayekμk 

bgb¥ÚnnigRKÜsarrbs; ¬elakRKÚ´¦ yl;ya:gem:cEdr eBl 

elakRKÚcUlbdivtþn_? ´)anR)ab;Kat;fa RKÜsarCMTas;Edr 

eRBaHeXIjkarGnuvtþrbs;eyIgCYnkalFUrrlughYs CYnkal 

xøaMghYs ehIyKat;sgS½yCab;. bnÞab;mk Rs‘un )anENnaM 

fa bBaðaRKÜsarcaMeyIgsgát;Kat;[Cab; kMu[eFVIskmμPaB 

ehIyKat;k¾pþaM[bnþclnaRbCaCn[rt;eTAPñMeBjbnþeTot 

cMENkKat; nigbg eDOn RtÚveTAkMBg;sVayvij dUecñHkargar 

smat;RtÚvTak;TgCamYyKñaeLIgvij. 

enAExemsa qñaM1971 bg eLIg )anmkRbCMusmat;enA 

mnÞIrsaRKam EdlmansmaCikTaMgGs;8nak;cUlrYm. eRkay 

BI]eTÞsnam ´TTYlRKb;RKgkargarcMhtamrUbPaBbdivtþn_ 

nigkmøaMgesGIuGaenAkñúgXMurYcmk bg eLIg )andak;Epnkarfa 

qaMg yu niyayCamYyb¥ ÚnRsI Duc 

RtÚvdwknaMRbCaCaCneFVIkargarTaMgyb;TaMgéfeFVIya:gNa[ 

RbCaCnlM)aknigGs;CMenOelIGgÁkar. enArdUvdksÞÚg 

´)anksagkmøaMgyuvCncUlesGIuGa)ancMnYn7nak;Efm 

eTot edaymanbg eLIg CaGñk]eTÞsnam. 

enAExvicäika qñaM1971 bg eLIg )an[éhAPñak;gar 

esGIuGaTaMgGs;rYmman h‘ak/ s‘uk/ nr/ min/ sÁún/ Qn/ Fr/ 

rIk/ rMu/ Fwg/ FYn/ Fi nig h‘an mkRbCMu. enAxN³enaH bg eLIg 

8 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


)anelIkBIEpnkarlYcdutRsUvERs RsUvCRgúk nigdkkmμaPi)al 

EdlmanTMnas;CamYyRbCaCn rYcbBa©ÚlkmøaMgesGIuGavij. 

bnÞab;mk ´Gb;rMnigksagkmøaMgesGIuGabgáb;kñúgrdæGMNac 

RbCaCn)an7nak;eTot. rhUtdl;ExkumÖ³ qñaM1972 bg 

eLIg )andk´BIXMu saRKam [eTARKb;RKgenAPUmiBBkvij nig 

)an]eTÞsnamkmøaMgesGIuGaenAkñúgXMudUcCa Cn/ Nn/ ePøóv/ 

Din/ Fwg nig swub [´Tak;Tg nig)anENnaM[bnþGnuvtþ 

EpnkaredIm,Ivay rMlMbdivtþn_. 

enAExkumÖ³ qñaM1972 ´)anRbmUl 

kmøaMgesGIuGa6nak; eTARbCMuelIpÞHbg swub 

enAPUmisMbYr bnÞab;mk ćat;taMg Cn Nn 

nigePøóveTAlYcdutCRgúkRsUvenAPUmiGnøg; 

Rkaj; nigPUmiBBk cMENkbg swub nigbg 

Fwg TTYlBinitüsmaKmlk;dUr. 

enAEx]sPa qñaM1972 ´)anksag 

kmøaMgbgáb;kñúgCYrbdivtþn_)ancMnYn3nak; 

eTotKW Lay kmμaPi)alXMudUg rug eyaFa 

tMbn;43 nig PI CaRbFanXMuBBk. ćat; 

taMg[mitþ PI dwknaMeFVIskmμPaBTb;Tl; 

CamYyclnasmaKmPUmi. mitþ Lay 

dutRsUvenAPUmiBBk nigGnøg;Rkaj; ehIy 

mitþ r:ug eFVIskmμPaBbMpøajpldMNaMenA 

PUmikn§an. 

enAExvicäika qñaM1972 bg eLIg )ancat; 

taMg´[eTARKb;RKgkgplitERsR)aMg 

rYc)anENnaMfa mitþeTATIenaHmYyry³xøIeT b:uEnþsMxan;mitþRtÚv 

mkeFVIkarenAesÞag edIm,IbeBa©jes,ógeTAPñMeBj. enAEx 

10 qñaMdEdl bg eLIg )andk´mkRKb;RKgGaNiikCnenA 

esÞagvij nig)anehAéTARbCMuenAmnÞIrPUmietñatEdlman 

smaCikcUlrYmmaneQμaH yin/ h‘n/ hn/ Qan/ sy/ ml/ 

sg nig Bar. RbCMucb; bg eLIg )andak;EpnkarrMedaHes,óg 

BItMbn;rMedaHcUlPñMeBj eBaF×sat; kMBg;qñaMg nig)anRbKl; 


Parkic©[édIrrkQμÜjedIm,Idwkes,ógTaMgenHecj. rMlg 

)anmYyGaTitü ´rk)anQμÜj)an5nak; KW yg;/ han/ Lúg/ 

ck; nig laK ehIy´)anGb;rMfa RtÚvykGgár RtI sac;eTAxøH 

cMENk GMbil fñaMeBTü nigRkNat; kMuykeTAeRcIneBk rYc´k¾ 

yksMbuRteFVIdMeNIreTA[QμÜjTaMgenaH. 

enAedImqñaM1973 bg eLIg )andk´mkeFVICaGnusnþisux 

RsukesÞag Edlmanbg yin RbFan nig mitþ ehOn Ca 

smaCik. bnÞab;mk bg eLIg )anRbCMusmat;mYyedayman 

smaCikcUlrYmdUcCa yin/ h‘n/ hn/ Bin/ swub/ Ca ¬narI¦/ 

Fn/ ml/ sg/ Qan/ ehOn nig´. enAeBlenaH bg 

eLIg)andak;EpnkarenAExxagmux eyIgebIkpøÚv[EpñkTahan 

kMBg;FMecjmkdwkCBa¢Únes,óg nignaMRbCaCncUlPñMeBj 

dUecñHkmøaMgeyaFaRsukRtÚvdkeTAeRtómenAmat;TenøBam)ag 

TaMgGs;edIm,IeCosvagkarb:HTgÁic cMENkxagsnþisuxRtÚv 

cUlrYmkñúgkarCemøósEdr. enAeBlTahancUlmkyk 

es,óg nignaMRbCaCnecjGs;ehIy eyIgeFVICanaMkmøaMg 

RsukedjBIeRkayedIm,IbiT)aMgEpnkareyIgkñúgkarCemøós 

RbCaCnecj. 

enAExkumÖ³ qñaM1973 enAeBlTahancUlCitdl;esÞag 

´)anTak;Tgmitþ sg/ ml/ h‘n/ swub nigsg [Cemøós 

RbCaCnecj edaymin)ac;[ykRsUvGgáreTACamYyeT 

cMENkéFVICacat;taMgyuT§CnsnþisuxnigQøb[eTAeRtomenA 

vtþRBHnagvij. enAry³eBlmYyyb;mYyéf Tahan)an 

RbmUlykRsUvGgár nigdwknaMRbCaCncMnYn500RKÜsarcUl 

eTAkñúgextþkMBg;FM. eRkaysPaBkarN_enH bg eLIg 

)ancat;taMg´[eTARKb;RKgExSeRtómkarBarRsukEdlh‘um 

B½T§XMucMNarlic sMeRBac kMBg;cint,Úg nigmSaRkg edIm,IkMu[ 

RbCaCnrt;ecjeTAtambgb¥ÚnEm:« nigkMu[TahaneLIgqμk; 

ykRbCaCneTot. b:uEnþenAExSeRtómenH ´beNþay[ 

Tahanqμk;cUlmkykRbCaCnGs;RbEhl25RKÜsarEfm 

eTot nig)anxUcsIlFm’CamYynarIcMnYn7nak;EdlQøbcab; 

ykmkRbKl;[´rYcehIy´lYcedaHElg[rt;eTAkMBg;FM 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


CamYy«Bukmþayvij. 

yb;TaMgéf ehIyTTYl)anrbbGaharmYyéfEtmYykMb:ug 

enAExmifuna qñaM1973 ´)anGb;rMkmøaMgesGIuGaCayuT§Cn b:ueNÑaHsRmab;mnusS5nak;. b¥ÚntUcrbs;´mñak;RtÚvcat; 

enAmnÞIrsnþisux)ancMnYn7nak; eTot man twg/ Bn/ Can/ taMg[eTAkab;cmáarkñúgéRBEdlCakEnøgRKúncaj;kñúgXMuBBk 

eCk/ ép/ qan; nignIr EdledIrcl½tenAExSeRtóm. rhUt b¥ÚnRsImñak;eTotdkecjBIRsuk cMENk«Bukmþayekμkrbs;´ 

dl;cugqñaM1973 bg eLIg )anRbCMudak;EpnkarbMpøaj EtgEtrG‘UrBIerOgeFVIkarFn;RTaMmin)an ehIyEfmTaMgman 

smUhPaBenAsalaPUmisMerag XMudUg edaymansmaCikTaMg QøbcUlykkarN_ral;yb;eTot. 

Gs;23nak;cUlrYm ehIyeRkayBIRbCMucb; bgeLIg [´dk enAExmifuna qñaM1974 edaysPaBkarN_TahanQøb 

ExSeRtómecj rYceTAerobcMPUmisRmab;dak;RbCaCnCemøós sb;sat; ´)andkkmøaMgecjBIExSeRtóm rYccat;taMg[cuH 

mkenAXMudUg XMuRkya XMubnÞayesÞag nigXMuBBkvij. eFVIkartamPUmiCemøósvij ehIy´k¾cuHeTAPUmidUgedIm,IdwknaM 

enAExkumÖ³ qñaM1974 edayTahanecHEtqμk;cUlkñúg kmøaMgRbCaCndaMdMLÚgmI dMLÚvCVarYmKña b:uEnþenAeBldMLÚg 

Rsuk bg eLIg )andkkmøaMg´TaMgGs;mkerobcMkmøaMgeRtóm duHl¥ehIy ´)anlYyElgeKa[sIuGs;mYyhikta nigkab; 

dUcmun ehIy´k¾ebIkExSeRtom[TahancUlmkykRbCaCn eCIgeKaGs;BIrnwm. enAkñúgcMeNamRbCaCnCemøósTaMgenH 

)anBIrRKÜsareTot edayRKan;EtnaMQøb)aj;beg¥Ilb:ueNÑaH. ´)anksagkmøaMgcUlCaesGIuGa5nak;KW Fun/ FU/ rwn/ RTI nig 

rhUtdl;Bak;kNþalqñaM1974 bg eLIg )anehAéTAsYr Kan bnÞab;mkćat;taMg[edIrniyaybMpusTMnas;CamYymaKa’ 

BIerOgRKÜsareTot ehIy´)anR)ab;fa RKÜsar´ b¥ÚnRsI bdivtþn_ EdleFVI)abRbCaCnmkdak;kñúgéRB Gt;[)aysIu 

bgRsI «Buk-mþayekμk minyl;RsbnwgmaKa’dwknaMrbs; nigRKúncaj; søab;CabnþbnÞab;. 

eyIgsBVéfeT ehIyBYkKat;enAEtsgS½yCab;fa eyIgmin enAcugqñaM1974 bg Rs‘un RtLb;mkTTYlRsukesÞag 

EmnCaGñkbdivtþn_RtwmRtÚveT eRBaHKat;EtgEtniyayfa ebI kñúgnaTICaelxaRsuk bnÞab;mk´k¾)ancUlrYmRbCMuenAmnÞIr 

bdivtþn_RtwmRtÚv minEdleFVIkarxøaMg kan;EtGt;)ayxøaMgya:g PUmiekaHEdlmansmaCikTaMgGs;12nak;. enAeBlRbCMu 

enHeT. ńiyaycb; bg eLIg elIkeLIgBIviFankarbMEbkkUn Kat;dak;EpnkarEckrbbGgármYykMb:ugsRmab;mnusSBI15ecA«Bukmþayekμk´[enAqayBIKña 

edIm,IkMu[kþab;sPaBkarN_ 21 ehIyRtÚveFVIkargarTaMgyb;TaMgéfeTot nigRtÚvbeBa©j 

eyIg)an. eyIgykKat;eTAdak;enAkEnøglM)akxøaMg nig[ RsUvGgáreTAxageRkA. bnÞab;mk bgRs‘un )anENnaMfa xag 

Kat;)at;\T§iBlmYykRmitkñúgcMeNamRbCaCn yUr²eTA snþisuxRtÚvRbmUlkmøaMgmkedIrcl½tBinitüsPaBkarN_tam 

QaneTArkPaBÉeka ehIymhaCnkñúgCYrbdivtþn_vaytémø XMu ehIyTb;Tl;kMu[man)atukmμ eRBaHTMnas;RbCaCnCamYy 

fa RKÜsarenHExμrRkhmEtsMbkeT dl;eBleFVIbdivtþn_rkEt nwgkardwknaMrbs;eyIgkan;EtxøaMgeLIgehIy. 

kUnmñak;mkbeRbIkargarbdivtþn_[smrmümin)an. xN³enaH rhUtdl;cugEx12 qñaM1974 bg Rs‘un )anehA´ 

bg eLIg ENnaM[mUldæancat;taMgnigKabsgát;kMu[Kat; bgeLIg nigbg swub eTApÞHrbs;Kat;enAPUmiekaH ehIyKat; 

niyayepþspþas)an ehIycat;taMg[eTAeFVIkarenAkEnøg dak;Epnkarfa mitþTaMgbIRtÚvrYmkmøaMgKñaeTATmøayTMnb; bgðÚr 

epSg² ehIykmøaMgekμg²eTIbpþl;rbb[hUb ebImineTA TwkecaledIm,IkMuRbCaCnykTwkeFVIERs)an nigeFVI[RbCaCn 

eFVIkarmYyeBlRtÚvkat;rbbmYyeBl. Gs;CMenOelIkarCIkRbLayteTAeTot. enAyb;mYykñúgBak; 

ry³eBlknø³ExeRkaymk bg eLIg )andkRKÜsar´ kNþalEx1 qñaM1975 eyIg)anRbmUlkmøaMg)ancMnYn21 

eTAenAkEnøglt;dMmYyenAtaeRkól EdlRtÚveFVIkargarTaMg nak;eTACYbCMuenAelIxñgTMnb; CIkTmøay rYcehIyRtLb;mkkEnøg 

10 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


erog²xøÜnvij. 

eRkayéfrMedaHenATUTaMgRbeTs enAcugExemsa qñaM1975 

bg Rs‘un )anRbCMuBiessmYykñúgKN³kmμaFikarRsukenAelI 

pÞHrbs;Kat;man ´/ eLIg/ exg/ hn/ h‘n nigBin cUlrYm. 

bg Rs‘un )anENnaMfa enHCasPaBkarN_fμIEdlbkSkumμúynIsþ 

kan;kab;GMNacTaMgRsug dUecñHkmμaPi)alyuT§CnEdlman 

RbvtþirUbl¥ ehIyRbCaCnRsLaj;GacenAbgáb;kñúgCYrbdivtþn_ 

cMENkGñkEdlb:HBal;dl;RbCaCnRtÚvdk[eTAeFVIkarbgáb; 

enAshkrN_vij. niyaycb; bg Rs‘un ENnaM´[dkkmøaMg 

RbCaCnCemøósenAXMudUg XMuRkya XMubnÞayesÞag nigXMu 

BBk [mkrs;enAkñúgPUmiXMurbs;eKvij. 

enAExmifuna qñaM1975 bg Rs‘un )anehAéTAsYrBI 

skmμPaB«Bukmþayekμkrbs;´mþgeTot. ´)anR)ab;Kat;fa 

munrMedaHk¾dUcCaeRkayrMedaHEdr Kat;minÉkPaBelIkardwknaM 

rbs;eyIgeT eRBaHKat;Etgniyayfa dwknaMeXIjEtGnþray 

RbCaCneXIjEtlM)akeLIg². enAeBlenaH bgRs‘un 

ENnaMfa \LÚvbeNþay[Kat;niyayeTotmin)aneT caM´ 

Tak;Tgnigcat;Ecg[bg vun bc©úb,nñRbFanXMuRkya erobcM 

QøbeFVIkarGukLúkKat; ehIy´k¾yl;RsbtamEpnkarKat;. 

Qøb)antamdanenAeRkampÞH«Bukmþayekμkrbs;´ cUlEqk 

eqelIpÞH dkexaGav fñaMeBTübnþicbnþÜcEdlKat;TukBüa)alxøÜn 

edayelIkeLIgfa TukCUnsmUhPaB nig)ancab; xøÜnmþayekμk 

ykmkGb;rMBIerOgKat;ykGgárknøHkMb:ugdak;kñúgehae):AGav 

RbugbbrhUbenAkardæan edayykelsfa esrIcg;hUbÉkCn 

ehIy)ancat;taMgKat;[eFVIkargardUckmøaMgekμg². enAeBl 

enaH ´k¾)ansresrsMbuRttiHedolKat;CaeRcInBIbBaðaEdl 

Kat;minsUvKitKUrrUb´ cMENkRKÜsarĆYbeBlNak¾´rkerOg 

sþIbenÞasEdr. 

edImExkkáda qñaM1975 bg Rs‘un dk´[eTAeFVIkarenA 

mnÞIrsnþisuxkMBg;FM ehIyKat;)anENnaM´fa kmøaMgsl;kñúg 

Rsuksl;b:unμan Kat;)andknigbMEbk edaymYycMnYn[eTAenA 

PñMeBj ehIymYycMnYnRtÚvdk[mkRKb;RKgenAkñúgRksYg 


mnÞIr tMbn;43 edIm,Im©as;kar. dUecñH Kat;[´dkykPñak;gar 

esGIuGacMnYn4nak;KW mitþkwg/ Bn/ eCt nigpan nigyuT§Cn 

2nak;KW mitþvIn nigmitþs‘ag ykeTAeFVIkarenAmnÞIrsnþisux 

tMbn;43 edayTukEtmitþ ehOn nigmitþ nIr enATTYlsnþisux 

RsukbnþeTot. eTAdl;kMBg;FM ´)anRbmUlkmøaMgmkBIRsuk 

esÞagsñak;enApÞHmYyCab;rbgKuk cMENkmitþ hUr RbFanKuk 

)ansñak;enApÞHmYyCamYynarI sßitenAcmay 100Em:RtBI 

pÞHrbs;´. 

enAqñaM1975 eBlRkúmýam ´)anlYcedaHElg 

GñkeTasCemøósBIPñMeBj EdlRbúgrt;eTARbeTsesomGs; 

cMnYn5nak;. bBaðaedaHElgGñkeTasenH Rkúmrbs;´RtÚv 

RbFaneQμaH hUr nigRbFannarIeQμaH mYn sþIbenÞas nigrk 

erOgrkehtuCabnþbnÞab;. enAeBlenaH edayeXIj´RbCMu 

sat;²EtCamYykmøaMgesGIuGa mitþ s‘ag EdlýkmkCamYy 

k¾bþÚreTArs;enApÞHCamYy hUr vij. 

enAExFñÚ qñaM1975 bg Rs‘un )aneTAedkpÞH´sñak; 

enAmYyyb; ehIyKat;k¾)ansYr´BIsPaBkarN_enAkñúgmnÞIr 

snþisuxtMbn;. ´)anR)ab;Kat;fa \LÚvTMnas;xagRkúmmitþ hUr 

nigRkúm´kan;EtxøaMgeLIg ehIymitþ hUr )anekobĆab;esÞIr 

Etminh‘aneFVIskmμPaBGVITaMgGs; eRBaHeKtamdanxøaMg. 

eTaHCaya:genHkþI ´)an[GñkeTasrt;rYc5nak;eTotnigxUc 

sIlFm’CamYynarICemøósmkBIPñMeBjcMnYn6nak;. 

enAedImqñaM1976 bg Rs‘un )ancat;taMgbg eLIg [ 

mkRKb;RKgExSesGIuGaEdlykBIRsukesÞagbnþbnÞab;nig 

TTYlnaTICaGnuRbFanmnÞIrtMbn;. rhUtdl;Bak;kNþalEx3 

qñaMdEdl ´k¾TTYl)annaTICaGnuRbFanRksYgsnþisuxtMbn; 

43 ehIyenAxN³enaH bg eLIg )anehAéTACYbenApÞH 

rbs;Kat;Tl;muxmnÞIrtMbn;43 rYcENnaMfa ebItamKat;kþab; 

)an RbFanmnÞIr tMbn; RbFansnþisuxtMbn; nigRbFan 

BaNiC¢kmμtMbn;kMBugrkl,icdkmitþ¬´¦ecjBIsnþisuxedayeK 

ecaTfa mitþ Rs‘un RbúgdkBYkeKecj edaysarEtćak; 

edat. 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


enAEx4 qñaM1976 ´RtÚvdkeTACayuT§CnRksYg 

]sSahkmμtMbn;43. enAyb;mYykñúgedImEx5 bg eLIg 

)aneTApÞHénATl;muxeragcRktm,aj rYcehIyR)ab;fa mitþ 

Rs‘un minTan;dwgerOgenHeT dUecñHecHEteFVIkarFmμtaeTA 

cMENkExSesGIuGaKat;]eTÞsnam´[Tak;TgCamYy mitþ éB. 

rMlg)an5éf RksYgcat;taMg[éTAdwkCBa¢ÚnkItm,aj 

BIeragcRktm,ajkMBg;cam. enAeBlenaH ´k¾)anCYbmitþ 

éB ehIyKat;k¾)anGb;rM´fa enAeBldwkCBa¢ÚnRtÚveFVI[)ak; 

Ebk nigedaHecalex©AxøH eFVIya:gNa[dMeNIrkareragcRk 

sÞH. bnÞab;mk mitþ éB )an]eTÞsnamkmøaMgesGIuGaenAkñúg 

eragcRkmYycMnYndUcCamitþ Bat;/ Nat;/ Can/ nit/ yI/ ra:t/ 

lIm/ xan;/ Esn/ Ehl nigBar [´Tak;Tg. enAkñúgry³eBl 

3Ex ´)anelIkTmøak;ma:sIunkItm,aj)ak;eCIgGs;3eRKÓg 

ma:sIunGMe)aHqμar)ak;eCIgGs;2eRKÓg. 

enAExkkáda qñaM1976 RksYg)ancat;taMg´[eTAkab; 

edImeQITalenAR)asaTsMbUréRBKb; edIm,IykmkeFVIeragcRk 

enAeBlenaH mitþ éB )anGb;rMfa min)ac;kab;eQIl¥²eT 

KWkab;edImeQIx©I²)anehIy. bnÞab;BI´kab;edImeQI)an 

cMnYn60edImmk enAEx10 RksYgk¾cat;taMg´[eTAeroberag 

GareQIenAesÞageTot. enATIenaHry³eBl3éf ´)anCYbCa 

mYybg Rs‘un enApÞHrbs;Kat; ehIy´k¾)ansYrBIEpnkarmYy 

cMnYneTAéfmux. bg Rs‘un )anGb;rMfa \LÚvmitþkMuKitEvgqay 

eBk xMEterobma:sIunGareQI[dMeNIrkarsineTAedIm,I[ 

RbCaCnmanCMenOelIeyIg cMENkGgárRtIsac;caMĆYyedaH 

Rsay. Kat;)anbnþfa \LÚvenARksYgBaNiC¢kmμKat;dak; 

mitþ h‘n CaRbFan nigmitþ Bin GnuRbFan. 

enAEx]sPa qñaM1977 RksYgdk´mkRKb;RKgerag 

CagEdk EpñkxageragcRktm,aj tMbn;43. enAeBlenaH 

´)anCYbmitþ h‘n nig)ansYrBIsPaBkarN_esGIuGaenA 

kMBg;FM. bg h‘n )anR)ab;´fa \LÚvbg Rs‘un GgÁkarcab; 

xøÜnehIy cMENkbg eLIg GgÁkardkeTAenAksikmμRsuksnÞúk 

dUecñHmitþcaMCYbCamYymitþ éB eRBaHKat;GacTak;TgrhUt 

dl;PUmiPaK. 

enAcugEx]sPa qñaM1977 mitþ éB )anehAéTARbCMuenA 

pÞHRKÜsarrbs;Kat;EdlmansmaCikcUlrYmdUcCa lIm nig 

Bat;. enAeBlenaHmitþ éB )anENnaM[xMksagkmøaMgbEnßm 

nigeFVIskmμPaB[sÞHkargarkñúgeragcRk. enAry³2Ex 

eRkaymk ´)anksagkmøaMgesGIuGa enAkñúgeragCagEdk 

)ancMnYn4nak;KW Exm/ Nag/ s‘an nig eyOn. kmøaMg 

TaMgenaH ´)andwknaMeFVIskmμPaBdUcCaeFVI[sÞHrn§bgðÚrTwk 

bNþal[eqHsøElgekIt. enAeBlenaH ´)anR)ab;mitþ 

Bat; BIPaBrGak;rGYledaysardac;ePøIg ePøIgminRKb; nig 

DINam:UeqH. RsbeBlenaH ´)anGb;rMkmøaMgbec©keTsBI 

sgÁmcas;cUlmkCakmøaMgesGIuGa)ancMnYn4nak;bEnßmeTot 

rYmmanmitþ éf/ h‘/ Tun nigs‘U. 

enAExkkáda qñaM1977 RksYg)ancat;taMg[eTAdksÞÚg 

ERsrbs;tMbn; nigkmøaMgesGIuGa 4nak;KW éf/ h‘U/ Tun/ Esn 

enAkñúgeragcRktm,ajeTACamYyEdredIm,IerobcMEpnkarbMpøaj 

sMNab nigsnÞÚg. 

enAExsIha qñaM1977 ´)anCYbmitþ éB enAelIpÞHRKÜsar 

Kat; ehIy´)ansYrKat;faetIEpnkaresGIuGaya:gem:c? 

ebIbgRs‘un mitþ h‘n GgÁkarcab; cMENkmitþ Bin RtÚvdkeTA 

shkrN_ ehIybg eLIg )at;dMNwgeTot. enAeBlenaH éB 

)anGb;rM´fa mitþkMuGs;sgÇwm Gs;mñak; b¤BIrnak;k¾enAmanesGIuGa 

BaseBjGaceFVIkar)anEdr \LÚvmitþRtÚveFVIkarbnþeTAmux 

eTotkMuRBÜj)armÖ. 

enAéfTI22 ExsIha qñaM1977 eBlRtLb;mkBIERs 

enAeBlyb; ´k¾RtÚvGgÁkarcab;xøÜn. enAeBlenaH RbFan 

snþisuxeQμaH qay ehA´mksYr ´k¾)anraykarN_BIPaB 

xVHxatrbs;xøÜnkñúgcMeNamBYkk,t; ehIyeFVIsMNUmBredIm,I 

raykarN_BIelxatMbn;eQμaH cn EdlbeRmIskmμPaB 

esGIuGa CUnbg Bk elxaPUmiPaKdwg. enAkEnøgXMuXaMg ćg; 

EtCYbmuxRKÜsarnigkUn²b:ueNÑaH edayElgKitBIerOgGVI 

TaMgGs;. 



enAéfTI9 Exvicäika qñaM1977 ´RtÚvGgÁkarGnueRKaHTaMg 

RKÜsar[mkenAmnÞIrs-21 ehIybg Duc )an[énAkEnøg 

QUseQI eFVIpÞaMgEpnTInigkþarexon edayminGnuBaØat[edIr 

eTANaeT. enATIenaH´TTYl)ankarGb;rMesÞIrEtral;yb;BI 

mitþ fn EdlniyayBIkarsb,ay nigRsIjI. 

ry³eBlknøHExeRkaymk bg Duc )an[´raykarN_ 

GMBIskmμPaBrbs;´pÞal;edayesμaHRtg;EdlTak;TgCamYy 

nwgBYkk,t;CUnGgÁkar eBlenaHedayxøacbgcab;xøÜnmþgeTot 

´k¾sresrraykarN_lak;elom biT)aMg nigminesμaHRtg;. 

rMlg)anmYyExeRkaymk bg Duc )anehAéTAsYreday 

BaküFn;²fa «emIlGaEGðg maneFVI[rYcKijenAkMBg;FMya:g 

em:cxøH? » ´kMuk¾eqøIybiT)aMgkuhkKat;eTot. enAkEnøgsñak; 

enA bg Duc min[edIrecjeTANaeT sUm,IEtpÞHKat;eFVIkar 

k¾min[éTACitEdr. enAedImqñaM1978 bg Duc cat;taMg´ 

[enAKUrEpnTIkñúgmnÞIrs-21. enAkñúgEx7 qñaMdEdl 

evlayb; mYyeBlbg Duc QWxøaMg RKÜsar´ nigb¥ÚnPI [ĆUn 

b¥Ún hug eTAkEnøgeFVIkarvij. b:uEnþedayyb;enaH bg Duc 

minTan;sRmanþ ehIykMBugCab;eFVIkarTak;TgtamTUrs½BÞ 

CamYymitþeyIgepSg ´minTan;h‘andkxøÜnCUnb¥Ún hug eTAeT 

eRBaHxøac bg Duc rk´hucenHhucenaH. ema:gRbEhl2 

yb; eBlbg Duc Qb;eFVIkar ehIysmMesóm ´k¾cuHmkpÞH 

RKÜsar´ edaycg;rkeBledIm,IrMelaP hug. eBlenaH ´bgçM 

hug eTAkEnøgeFVIkar ¬eBTü703¦ TaMgyb; rYcehIyéLIg 

CiHkg;CUn hug kñúgeKalbMNgeTAkEnøgsat;edIm,IrMelaP 

b:uEnþmin)anseRmc edaysartampøÚvmanePøIgPøWxøaMgeBknig 

mankgT½BedIrcl½t. eXIjdUecñH ´k¾CUn hug eTAdl;kEnøg 

eFVIkar rYcehIyk¾RtLb;mkvij. 

enAéfTI19 Exkkáda qñaM1978 evlaema:g10knøHyb; 

´)anCUnb¥Ún hug BIpÞHkumareTA kEnøgeFVIkarenAeBTü703mþg 

eTot. enAxN³enaH ´manbMNgRbúgrMelaP hug mþgeTot 

eday´)an[bgçM hug eTApÞH´kEnøgKUrEpnTI edayykels 

fa eTAR)ab;mitþeyIgERkgbg Duc rk. eTAdl;pÞH ´)anTaj 


éd hug eLIgeTAelIpÞHcUlbnÞb;édk rYcebIkTVarmçagedIm,I 

ERskR)ab;eTAmitþ Lúg nigmitþ lk fa ebIbg Duc [mitþ 

eyIgmkrk´ R)ab;fa ĆUn hug eTAmnÞIr703mYyEPøt. ´ 

ERskR)ab; Lúg nig lk enHedIm,ICaelskMu[mitþeyIg 

sgS½y ehIy[ hug Gs;citþ. enAmuneBlcUlbnÞb;vij ´ 

TajTVarbg¥ÜcbiT ehIyxÞas;Cab;. ćUleTAbnÞb; eXIj hug 

kMBugGgÁúyelIERKk¾sÞúHeTAGgÁúyCitcab;sμaCab;»nefIb 

jIjk; xaMkedayRbúgbgçMrMelaP b:uEnþ hug )anerIbRmHRcan 

édécj ehIyebIkTVarrt;cuHmkeRkamCiHkg;ecjeTA. 

eBlenaH´k¾rt;mkeRkampÞH rYcCiHkg;CUndMeNIrKat;eTAmnÞIr 

eBTü703vij. enAtampøÚv hug minsUvrak;Tak;CamYy´ 

eT. edayeXIjGakb,kiriya hug xwgnwg´xøaMg ´k¾cab;epþIm 

P½yxøÜnedayxøacKat;raykarN_eTAbg ¬Duc¦. eTAdl;mux 

mnÞIreBTü ´Tajéd hug [Qb;kg;mYyEPøt b:uEnþKat;minRBm 

Qb; ´k¾TajrhUt hug Qb;kg;. enAeBlenaH ńiyayfa 

«bgRsLaj; hug xøaMgNas; cg;EtelbTuk ebIsinelb 

ekIt ». RbsinebI hug eTAsmrPUmi kMuePøcbgNa ńiyay 

lYgelamya:genHedaycg;bMPan; hug fa´RsLaj;Kat;eday 

esμaH ehIy[Kat;GaNitedIm,IkMu[ykGMeBIeXareXArbs;´ 

eTAraykarN_[bg Duc dwg. b:uEnþeBlenaH hug Gt;man 

niyaytbmk´vijeT hug eLIgCiHkg; ehIyniyayrkÉt 

mYyma:t;fa Kat;cUlkEnøgvijehIy. 

enAlacéf21 Exkkáda qñaM1978 ĆYb hug mYy 

EPøtenApÞHRKÜsar´ eBlenaH hug eFVIetaHetIy ehIymin 

niyayrkéT. ´)ansYr hug fa EbbmanerOgGI b¤xwgGñk 

NaeTIbminsUvniyay? Kat;Tajkg;CiHbeNþIr niyay 

beNþIrfa ´Rbjab;eTAvijeRBaHmitþeyIgeKcaM edaysar 

´mkpÞHbgyUrehIy. bnÞab;mk ´k¾vilRtLb;eTApÞH´vij 

edayGt;h‘aneLIgelgpÞHbg Duc dUcmun²eToteT. enA 

yb;éfdEdl ´RtÚvGgÁkarcab;xøÜnenAmnÞIrs-21 Etmþg. 

esam b‘unfn 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


GñkRKÚmMuem:t ³ beRgónRbvtþisa®sþkm



nwgbþI)anCYlpÞHmYysßitenACitsalabzmsikSaedIm,I exμAnigbg;kRkmaERskehAfa 

sñak;enA. karbeRgónenATIenaHmin)aneTogTat;eT eRkay 

eBlln; nl; eFVIrdæRbharTmøak;semþc sIhnu eRBaH 

sPaBkarN_enAtMbn;sYgTaMgmUlmanPaBRcbUkRcbl; RKb; 

bnÞb;eronTaMgGs; rdæaPi)al ln; nl; tRmÚv[edaHRBHqaya 

l½kçN_semþcRBHneratþm sIhnu ecjBIbnÞb; EdlmanrYmTaMg 

bnÞb;´beRgónpg. Pøam²enaH k¾manclnaeXasnakñúg 

cMeNamRbCaCnedIm,IRbmUlkmøaMgEdlRsLaj;nigKaMRT 

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semþcRBH sIhnu nwgRtÚvefáaleTas. 

eRkaymk edaysartMbn;sYgmanGsnþisuxkan;Et 

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kñúgPUmi ´k¾Qb;eTAbeRgón ehIyykkUnrbs;´mñak;eTAepJI 

mþayenAkNþalsÞwg[CYyciBa©wm. cMENkbþI´RtÚvsalacat; 

taMg[eTAyamkarBarenAsalaRsuktÇÚgXμMúerogral;yb;. 

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)anehIy. 

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min)aneXIjKat;eT eRBaHbþI´)ankab;edImeckbENþtxøÜn 

kat;TenøemKgÁmkdl;ERBkedImcan;k¾RtÚvTahan ln; nl; 

cab;xøÜnedayecaTfaCaExμrRkhm. eBlenaHmanmnusS 

mñak;sÁal;bþI´ Kat;k¾R)ab;eTAmþayekμkÉdlrs;enAPUmival 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


s,Úv RsukkMBg;esom. bnÞab;BITTYldMNwgenHPøam bgéfønig 

mþay´ RBmTaMgm®nþIRKb;RKgRKÚbeRgónenAextþkMBg;camk¾eTA 

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mkpÞHvijTaMgyb;kat;tamcmáarekAs‘UBamCaMgEdlmanePøóg 

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mitþPkþirbs;bþIćMnYnBIrnak;edIm,Irt;mktMbn; ln; nl; kñúgRsuk 

éRBQr eRBaHRbBn§Kat;rs;enAéRBTTwg. bnÞab;BIRBmeRBóg 

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eBlRBwk edayĆiHCamYymitþbþI´ cMENkmitþPkþimñak;eTot 

EdleFVICanaykrgviTüal½ysYg)anCiHm:UtUmñak;Égnigman 

dwkGIva:n;bnþicbnþÜcBIxageRkay. eyIgminsUvsÁal;pøÚvc,as; 

las;eT dUecñHeyIgRtÚveFVIdMeNIrkat;cmáarekAs‘UBamCaMg. 

eBlenaH enAkñúgTIrYmextþkMBg;cam kgT½BevotkugnigkgT½B 

ExμrRkhm)ancUleTAe)aHTItaMgenAsaklviTüal½ykMBg;cam 

naeBlyb; ¬bc©úb,nñsalaKruekaslüextþnigPUmiPaKkMBg; 

cam¦ rYceFVIkarvayRbhareTAelIbnÞays‘ub ¬bnÞayTahan 

rbs; ln; nl;¦ sßitenAxageCIgviTüal½yRBHsIhnu b:uEnþk¾ 

mankar)aj;epøagBIsMNak;kgT½B ln; nl; vijEdr. cMENk 

RKÚbeRgónnignisSitmYycMnYnekItkarP½yxøacrhUtrt;ecal 

kg; m:UtU eTARCkenAkñúgviTüal½yRBHsIhnu. enAeBlRBwk 

kgT½BevotkugnigExμrRkhm)andkecjBIsaklviTüal½y 

enHGs; xN³enaHecAhVayextþkMBg;cam ¬elak Giun taM¦ 

k¾)anTUrs½BÞehAkgT½Brdækar ¬evotNamxagt,Úg¦ mkCYy. 

rhUtdl;eBléfRtg; edaysPaBkarN_sb;sat; nisSitk¾ 

cUleTAykkg; m:UtUnigsmÖar³mYycMnYnRtLb;eTApÞHvij. 

eBlenaH Rsab;EtémIleXIjBIcmaynUvynþehaHnigsn§wk 

Tmøak;RKab;EbkBIyYnrdækarmkelIsaklviTüal½ykMBg;cam 

enH ¬bc©úb,nñsalaKruekaslüextþ nigPUmiPaKkMBg;cam¦ 

bNþal[mnusSsøab;CaeRcIn. 

bnÞab;BIQremIlkarTmøak;RKab;EbkenAkMBg;cam 

bnþic eyIgbnþdMeNIrmkdl;CIEh)anCYbbursBIrnak; ehIy 

eyIgk¾bnþdMeNIrcuHeTAeRkamTaMgGs;Kña ¬sMedAeTATenø¦. 

mYyry³eRkaymk eyIgk¾CYbnwgkgT½BevotkugcMnYn5nak; 

eTotEdlmantYnaTIemIlpøÚv edaymankan;etGU kaMePøIgxøI 

kaMePøIgEvg nigm:UtUcMnYn3eRKÓg. edaysarGñkrYmdMeNIr 

CamYyécHniyayPasaevotNam kgT½BTaMgenaH)an[ 

eyIgnaMpøÚveKsMedAeTAXMuERBkeBaFi. eBlqøgTenøtUcRtg; 

vtþGMEbgecH kgT½BevotkugminGnuBaØat[eyIgCiHm:UtUdac; 

karbeRgónRbvtþisa®sþkm

AextþkMBg;cam 


min[cUlextþeT eTIb´RtLb;eTAPñMeBjedIm,IbgðajxøÜnenATIcat; 

karmFümsikSa RksYgGb;rMCati ehIyenAxN³enaH ´)an 

CYbelakRKÚmñak;EdlbeRgónenAviTüal½ysYgCamYybþI´ 

ry³eBlBIréfeRkaymkKat;k¾RtLb;eTAbgðajxøÜnenATIcat; 

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Rkhmmkdl;PñMeBjEdr. ´)ansñak;enACamYybgRsIenA 

PñMeBjry³eBlBIrEx rhUtdl;s®gÁamsb;sat;bnþiceTIb´ 

nigbþIRtLb;mkeFVIkarenAextþkMBg;camvij eday´beRgón 

enAsalabzmsikSadIduH. cMENkbþI´)anbeRgónenAviTüa 

l½yBiessCaviTüal½yEdlTTYlsisSePósxøÜnmkBIRsuk 

RkÚcqμar sÞwgRtg; nigCIEh Edlkan;kab;edayExμrRkhm. 


´beRgón)anmYyqñaMk¾bþÚrmkbeRgónenAsalaCamYybþI 

Edr. éFVIkarenAviTüal½yBiess)anry³eBl2qñaM enAqñaM 

1973 eTIbpøas;eTAPñMeBjedaysarenAkMBg;camman 

Gsnþisuxral;éf. ´)ancUleFVICaGnurkSenAviTüal½ynarI 

¬bc©úb,nñsalaneratþm¦ cMENkbþI´)anbeRgónenAviTüal½y 

RBHsIusuvtßi. 

munéf17 Exemsa qñaM1975 ´)ansñak;enA 

sgáat;elx6 sßitenAxagt,Úgvtþlgáa RkúgPñMeBjCamYybþI 

kUn4nak; «Bukmþay bgRsI1nak; b¥ÚnRsI2nak; b¥ÚnRbúsmñak; 

nigCIdUncas;Cramñak;. enAeBlkgT½BExμrRkhmcUlmk 

dl;PñMeBjevlaema:g9RBwk ńigRkúmRKÜsarTaMgGs;)anyk 

RkNat;smYypÞaMgcgenAmuxpÞHdUcRbCaCndéTeTotEdr. 

´B¤sUrsñÚrRKab;kaMePøIgenAxagekItvimanÉkraCümYysnÞúHk¾ 

)at;eTAvij. ńigGñkenApÞHCitxagrIkrayy:agxøaMgedayKit 

fa s®gÁam)anbBa©b;ehIy eday´)anQremIlTahanExμr 

RkhmEdledIrenAelIpøÚvmuxpÞH rYcelIkédGbGrsaTr. 

ema:g11éfRtg; sMeLgRKab;kaMePøIg)anpÞúHenApÞH 

elak tan; KwmhYn ¬RbFanrdæsPa¦ EdlsßitenAminqay 

b:unμanBIpÞHrbs;´ cMENkenAmuxpÞHrbs;´k¾manT½BExμrRkhm 

mñak;)anP¢g;kaMePøIgtRmg;mkcMpÞHrbs;´ rYcERskbBa¢a[ 

ecjCabnÞan;. 

edayRbjab;Rbjal;eBk bgRsI nigb¥ÚnRsIrbs;´ 

)anelIkCIdUndak;elIm:UtUrYcbrecjeTAtambeNþaypøÚvneratþm 

edIm,IeTACYbCMu«Bukmarbs;énApSaredImfáÚv. cMENk´ 

nigRkúmRKÜsar)anRbmUlsemøókbMBak; p¥k Rbhuk GMbil 

Ggár canqñaMg Edl´)aneRtómcab;taMgBIeBlGaemrik)an 

dkTUtecjBIPñMeBj ykeTAdak;enAelIreTHm:UtUtUc² nigelIk 

kUntUcTaMg4nak;rbs;´dak;BIelIEfmeTot Edlb¥ÚnRbúsĆa 

GñkGUs. eBlćakecjBIpÞHedayeFVIdMeNIrtampøÚvRtsk; 

Ep¥m pSarbwgekgkg mkdl;muxbnÞay Giut sYg ¬bc©úb,nñ 

sßanTUtevotNam¦ ExμrRkhmmñak;)anesñIsMum:UtUBIbþIrbs;´ 

edayhucRKab;EbkKMram´k¾[ykm:UtUeTATahanenaH eday 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


niyaybEnßmfax©ICiHmYyry³. ńigRkúmRKÜsar)anbnþ 

dMeNIrTaMgkNþaléfRtg;mkdl;pÞHmarbs;énApSaredImfáÚv 

cMENkbgRsIrbs;ÉdldwkCIdUnminTan;mkdl;eT. 

enARBwkéfbnÞab; RKÜsarńigRKÜsar«Bukma´)an 

seRmccitþcakecjBIpÞHedayminGacrg;caMCIdUneTot)aneT 

eRBaHExμrRkhm)anbgçM[ecjBIpÞHCabnÞan;. RKÜsarrbs;´)an 

eFVIdMeNIrtampøÚveragcRkEkvnigsRmakenAtampøÚvGs;Ca 

eRcInyb;eTIbeTAdl;RBMRbTl;extþkNþal nigextþtaEkv. enA 

tampøÚvmansaksBxøHRKbsøwkeQIBIelI cMENksaksB 

TahanEdlRtÚvRKab;søab;mansPaBs¥úyrlYynignarIEdl 

manépÞeBaHmYycMnYn)ansRmalkUnenAtampøÚv. cMENk 

RKÜsar´mansmaCikeRcIn mankg;nigreTHm:UtUmYysRmab;dwk 

GIv:an; nigkUntUc². kUnÉdleTIbnwgekItenAkñúgqñaM1974 

´)anykmkcgnwgRkmars


mYyeBlrg;caM ´)anCYbmitþPkþimñak;¬CaRbFannisSitmha 

viTüal½yGkSrsa®sþ¦ Kat;)anesñIsMuKN³Rsuk[RKÜsar´ 

nigRKÜsarbgb¥Únrbs;ćUlPUmivij rYcehIy)annaMbgCIdUn 

mYyrbs;éQμaH Kuy RtÚ mkPñMeBjCamYy eRkaymk)an 

)at;xøÜnrhUt. 

RKÜsarrbs;´)ancUlmkrs;enAkñúgPUmivij. RbFan 

PUmi)anedIrhamRbCaCnkñúgPUmimin[niyayrkRKÜsar´ nig 

RKÜsarbgb¥ÚnCIdUnmYyéT. Es¥keLIg RKÜsar´RtÚv)ancat; 

taMg[eTAeFVIkareTAtammuxsBaØaerog²xøÜnCamYyRbCaCnfμI 

enAkñúgPUmi. bgb¥ÚnTaMgenaHRKan;EtemIlmuxédayminniyay 

GVITaMgGs;. 

rdUveFVIERs)anbBa©b; ´RtÚv)ancat;taMg[Can;Ggár 

cab;taMgBIRBwkrhUtdl;ema:g12 eTIbsRmakdaM)ayhUb 

rYck¾bnþeFVIkarrhUtdl;ema:g10yb;eTot. cMENkbþIrbs; 

éFVIkarkñúgRkúmdaMbEnøk¾RtÚvErkTwkeRsacbEnøminEdlman 

eBlsRmakEdr cMENkkUntUc²rbs;´RtÚvedIrRbmUlGacm’ 

eKa nigkab;T®nÞanExRteFVICI. eBlshkrN_PUmi)anpldMLÚg 

k¾EbgEckeTAtamcMnYnmnusSkñúgRKÜsarnImYy² cMENk 

RKÜsarrbs;´TTYl)anRtwmEtdMLÚgvlø×b:ueNÑaH edaydMLÚg 

emImFM²em²ykGs;. rhUtmkdl;rdUvRsUvTMu eyIgsRmuk 

RcÚtkat;RbmUlpleBléf ehIyeBlyb;CBa¢ÚnkNþab;rhUt 

dl;ema:g10eTIb)anRtLb;mkpÞHvij. 

enABak;kNþalqñaM1976 enAkñúgPUmicab;epþImhUb 

rYm edayExμrRkhm)anedIrRbmUlykcanqñaMgTaMgGs;. enA 

eBlenaH ´RtÚvcat;taMg[eTAsøÚk ¬CYs¦ RsUvEdlmancmay 

RbmaN4-5KILÚEm:RtBIPUmi edayRtÚvTUlsMNabykeTA 

edayxøÜnÉg ehIyenAeBlyb;RtÚvCan;GgárEfmeTot. 

cMENkkUnRsI´BIrnak;EdlmanGayueTIbEt5-7qñaMRtÚv 

RbmUlykeTAenACitpÞHRbFanPUmi ehIyRtÚveFVIkargarTb;PøW 

ERsedayKμaneBlsRmak. cab;taMgBIBak;kNþalqñaM 

1976 Rbús²EdlRtÚvcat;taMgeTAeFVIkargarqay²BIPUmi 

minEdleXIjvilRtLb;mkvijeT. b¥ÚnRsI Rbús nigkμÜy 


RtÚvcat;cUlkgcl½tyuvCnEdlRtÚveFVIRbB½n§PøWERs CIk 

RbLay elIkTMnb; EdlsßitenAcmayRbmaN5-6KILÚEm:Rt 

BIPUmi. enAEx4 qñaM1977 ´manépÞeBaHkUnTI5 ´minGac 

hUbsmøm¢ÚrRtkYn)aneT ´Xøanman;nigsac;ya:gxøaMg Et 

minh‘anlYceLIy eRBaHCarbs;GgÁkar. yb;mYy´)anFM 

køinbbrQúyxÞwmlIgecjBIerag)ay ćg;eTAsMueKhUb b:uEnþ 

bþI´)anGgVrkMu[éTAsMueK eRBaHxøaceKykeTAsmøab;. 

enAEx]sPa qñaM1977 ´)anTTYldMNwgfa b¥ÚnRsI 

´RtÚvGgÁkarnaMykeTAdak;KukenAmnÞIrsnþisuxTenø)aTI eday 

sarmUlehtub¥ÚnRsI´)ansMuFagetñatsRmab;evjExSbgÁIBI 

RbCaCnkñúgPUmi. ExμrRkhm)anecaTb¥ÚnRsI´fa mklYc 

rbs;rbrRbCaCn. enAExtula qñaM1977 kardksÞÚgkñúg 

PUmi)anrYcral;ehIy emPUmi KN³XMu )anRbmUlbursEdl 

mankmøaMgmaM EdlGacErkdI)an niglIngÁ½lrYccMnYnRbEhl 

50nak; edayR)ab;faeTACYyeFVIERsRbCaCnenATenø)aTI 

eRBaHenAtMbn;enaHRbCaCneFVIERsminTan;ehIy. bþIrbs;´ 

maneQμaHeTAEdr ´)anTamTareTACamYybþI eRBaH´KitfaebI 

søab;²TaMgGs;Kña eday´minmansgÇwmfabþI´GacRtLb;mk 

vijeT. b:uEnþbþIrbs;´)anBnül;´fa minRtÚveTACamYyKat;eT 

edaysar´manépÞeBaH ehIyebIsøab;mYyRbesIrCagsøab; 

TaMgGs;Kña. Kat;)anniyayeTotfa rbbenHminmansßirPaB 

yUreT éfNamYynwgmaneKmkrMedaH ehIyebImþayenArs; kUn 

nwgmanGnaKteTAéfmux. ´sþab;tamsmþIrbs;bþI´ ´lYcyM 

enAkñúgpÞH ´min)anCUndMeNIrbþIeT ´[bþI´ Bak;exa-GavBIrCan; 

nigRkmaedIm,IkarBarxül;rga. enAeBlbþIécjeTA)at; 

RKÜsar´)anyMTaMgGs;Kñaedayminh‘an[eKeXIjeLIy. 

b:uEnþenAeBlemRkúmeXIjEPñk´Rkhm k¾sþIbenÞasfa KitGI 

RKan;EtbþIeTACYyeFVIkarGñkenATenø)aTI. éfmYykUnRbFan 

PUmi)anR)ab;kUn´fa «BukÉgRtÚveKykeTAsmøab;)at;ehIy. 

bnÞab;BIB¤dMNwgenH ´manGarmμN_QWcab; nigGaNitbþIxøaMg 

Nas;. ýMnignwkeXIybþIrhUt. 

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm


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bBa¢Ún[eTAenAkñúgmnÞIreBTürg;caMqøgTenø ´TTYl)anrbbbbr 

EtBIreBlb:ueNÑaHkñúgmYyéf. ´)ansRmalkUnenAmnÞIreBTü 

b:uEnþKμanRKÚeBTüCYyeT ehIyRtÚvbgáat;ePøIgeq¥IrxøÜnedayxøÜn 

Ég. bnÞab;BIsRmalkUnrYc GgÁkar)anbþÚr[´hUb)ay 

vij. RBwkeLIg ´)anpþaMeTAmþayrbs;´ mþay´k¾)ansMu 

c,ab;mkemIl´ b:uEnþRtÚvRbFanKN³XMubdiesF b:uEnþmþay´ 

min)ansþab;eT EfmTaMgnaMkUnRsITIBIrrbs;´mkCamYypg. 

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Kat; edaysUm[Kat;TukEtkUnRsI[enACamYyemIl´b:ueNÑaH. 

kUn´)anCYybgáat;ePøIgnige)akKk;knÞbb¥Ún. éfmYy ´)an 

R)ab;eBTüfa )ay3Evk´hUbminEq¥teT eBTük¾)anbEnßm 

)aymYycMnYneTot. ry³eBl5éfeRkaymk ´)ansMueBTü 

RtLb;mkpÞHvij edayedIrcmaypøÚv5KILÚEm:Rt. bnÞab;BI´ 

mkdl;pÞH)anmYys)þah_ kUnrbs;ékItbUsmYyya:gFMenA 

Rtg;cegáH ehIykan;EtmansPaBQWxøaMg nigKμanfñaMBüa)al 

´k¾seRmccitþeTAmnÞIreBTümþgeTot. enATIenaH edaysar 

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enaHk¾eday k¾ Duc )ansMu[mankaredaHElg. elak xaNun 

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nUvRbB½n§tulakarfμIénsvnakar Duc enH. RbsinebItulakar 

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kñúgtulakar ehIynigkarGnuvtþsiT§irbs;Kat;. 

elak xaNun )anniyayeTotfa GgÁCMnMuCRmH 

visamBaØkñúgtulakarkm


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Issue 121 - Documentation Center of Cambodia

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