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“x ekuTvnis A-s”. y∉B Canaweri ikiTxeba: “y ar ekuTvnis B-s” da niSnavs,<br />
rom y ar aris B simravlis elementi.<br />
ganvixiloT 3-is jeradi luwi naturaluri ricxvebis simravle. es<br />
simravle A-Ti aRvniSnoT. A simravle usasruloa. misi elementebia<br />
ricxvebi: 6, 12, 18, 24 ... . B-Ti aRvniSnoT 6-is jeradi naturaluri<br />
ricxvebis simravle. B simravlis elementebia: 6, 12, 18, 24 ... . rogorc<br />
vxedavT, A da B simravle erTi da imave elementebisgan Sedgeba _ es<br />
simravleebi tolia, A = B.<br />
simravleebs, romlebic erTi da imave elementebisgan Sedgeba,<br />
toli simravleebi ewodeba.<br />
vTqvaT, A romelime skolis meSvideklaselTa simravlea, xolo B amave<br />
skolis moswavleTa simravle. yoveli meSvideklaseli, cxadia, skolis<br />
moswavlec aris. amitom, A simravle B simravlis nawili, anu B_s<br />
qvesimravlea.<br />
A simravles ewodeba B simravlis qvesimravle, Tu A simravlis<br />
yoveli elementi amave dros B simravlis elementicaa.<br />
is faqti, rom A simravle B simravlis qvesimravlea, ase Caiwereba: A⊂B.<br />
simravleebs Soris mimarTebis TvalsaCinod warmosadgenad venis<br />
diagramas iyeneben.<br />
magaliTad, A ⊂ B mimarTebis SemTxvevaSi venis<br />
diagrama marjvniv moTavsebul naxazzea<br />
warmodgenili. am naxazze A simravlis elementebs<br />
pirobiTad mcire wris wertilebi, xolo B simravlis<br />
elementebs – didi (momcveli) wris wertilebi<br />
Seesabameba.<br />
simravles, romelic arcerT elements ar Seicavs carieli simravle<br />
ewodeba. carieli simravlis magaliTebia: 2-is jeradi kenti ricxvebis<br />
simravle, mTvareze mcxovreb adamianTa simravle da a.S. cariel simravles<br />
∅ simboloTi aRniSnaven. carieli simravle nebismieri simravlis<br />
qvesimravles warmoadgens.<br />
sasruli A simravlisTvis n(A)-Ti A simravlis elementebis raodenobas<br />
aRniSnaven. magaliTad, Tu A = {a, b, g}, maSin n(A) = 3, xolo Tu A = {a, b,<br />
g, 5, 7,}, maSin n(A) = 5. cxadia, rom n(∅) = 0.<br />
upasuxe kiTxvebs<br />
1. aris Tu ara ricxvi 42 Svidis jeradi orniSna naturaluri ricxvebis<br />
simravlis elementi? miekuTvneba Tu ara am simravles ricxvi 7? ricxvi 54?<br />
2. rogor ikiTxeba da ras niSnavs Canaweri x∈E ? Canaweri c∉F ?<br />
3. rogor simravleebs ewodeba sasruli simravleebi?<br />
4. rogor simravleebs ewodeba toli simravleebi?<br />
5. rogor ganimarteba simravlis qvesimravle ?<br />
6. rogor ikiTxeba da ras niSnavs Canaweri D⊂E ?<br />
B<br />
A<br />
Tavi 1 • racionaluri ricxvebi 7
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