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# 37 / 28 ivnisi - 4 ivlisi / 2010<br />
saqarTvelos narkotikuli respublika gv. 26<br />
revolucia, kontrrevolucia da sagadasaxado kodeqsi gv. 33<br />
interviu kaxa benduqiZesTan gv. 17<br />
kadirovis arti gv. 20<br />
afxazebi rusul fuls ar Tmoben gv. 24<br />
saministroSi dabarebulebi gv. 39<br />
sovietologia gv. 37<br />
geSinodeT sakuTari vnebebis gv. 41<br />
ra elis operas? gv. 44<br />
fasi 2 lari<br />
gv. 12<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> <strong>gareSe</strong>
nomerSi:<br />
02 fosta<br />
04 mokled<br />
06 fotoreportaJi<br />
07 vrclad<br />
10 ori azri<br />
gvWirdeba Tu ara<br />
axalgazrdobisa da<br />
sportis saministro?<br />
gia xuroSvili vs leqso<br />
maWavariani<br />
12 mTavari Tema<br />
gori <strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis<br />
<strong>gareSe</strong><br />
16 Tvalsazrisi<br />
gundistani<br />
mark maleni<br />
17 interviu<br />
biurokratiam mougo<br />
xelisuflebas<br />
kaxa benduqiZe<br />
msoflio<br />
19 Всем привет! Я в Твиттере<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
mezoblebi<br />
20 kadirovis arti<br />
22 sabWoTa warsuli<br />
ukrainaSi<br />
stalini ukrainaSi<br />
konfliqtebi<br />
24 afxazebi rusul fuls ar<br />
Tmoben<br />
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />
26 saqarTvelos narkotikuli<br />
respublika<br />
saubrebi liberalizmze<br />
31 potenciuri<br />
safrTxeebi qarTuli<br />
memarcxeneobisTvis<br />
ekonomika<br />
33 revolucia,<br />
kontrrevolucia da<br />
sagadasaxado<br />
kodeqsi<br />
sazogadoeba<br />
37 warsuli, romelic ar iqca<br />
istoriad<br />
# 37 / 28 ivnisi - 4 ivlisi / 2010<br />
ganaTleba<br />
39 saministroSi<br />
dabarebulebi<br />
samedicino Jurnali<br />
`mkurnali.ji~<br />
41 geSinodeT sakuTari<br />
vnebebis<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
44 ra elis<br />
operas?<br />
sporti<br />
45 maradonas<br />
isini uyvars<br />
sandro naveriani<br />
46 vedrebis<br />
dro<br />
gio axvlediani<br />
qalaqSi moxetiale kacis<br />
Canawerebi<br />
48 ukanaskneli<br />
tramvai<br />
kaxa Tolordava<br />
garekanze:<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> <strong>gareSe</strong><br />
foto: marika qoCiaSvili<br />
Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema fond<br />
`Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelos~<br />
mxardaWeriT.<br />
avtoris / avtorebis mier sainformacio<br />
masalaSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba<br />
ar gamoxatavs fondis `Ria<br />
sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos~<br />
pozicias. Sesabamisad, fondi ar aris<br />
pasuxismgebeli masalis Sinaarsze.<br />
The views, opinions and statements expressed<br />
by the authors and those providing comments<br />
are theirs only and do not necessarily reflect the<br />
position of Open Society Georgia Foundation.<br />
Therefore, the Open Society Georgia Foundation<br />
is not responsible for the content of the<br />
information material.<br />
1<br />
ilustracia TaTia nadareiSvili / wignis saxelosno
fosta www.liberali.ge<br />
onkologiuri stigma<br />
am statiaSi bevri ram kargad aris<br />
Camoyalibebuli, magram ar aris erTi<br />
mosazreba _ saqarTvelos onkologiis<br />
nacionaluri centris momavali<br />
ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. dReisaTvis<br />
ganxilul yvela models aqvs<br />
menejmentis motivaciis nakli. kargad<br />
mogexsenebaT, imisaTvis, rom kerZo<br />
interesma sazogadoebrivi interesis<br />
gaTvaliswineba daiwyos, unda miaRwios<br />
kerZo kapitalis garkveul mdgomareobas,<br />
romlis miRwevasac saqarTvelos<br />
pirobebSi didi dro dasWirdeba.<br />
amasobaSi daikargeba onkologiurSi<br />
dagrovili inteleqtualuri potenciali<br />
(gansakuTrebiT Semcirebebis mtkivneul<br />
procesSi), menejmentis kerZo interesze<br />
orientirebuli motivaciis gamo.<br />
dRevandeli mdgomareobis SenarCuneba<br />
ar SeiZleba, vinaidan menejmentis<br />
ekonomikurad gamarTlebuli motivacia<br />
ar arsebobs. CamoTvlili mizezebiT<br />
SeiZleba uari vTqvaT personalisaTvis<br />
gadacemazec. arsebobs kidev erTi<br />
modeli. saqarTvelos mTavroba, rogorc<br />
saaqcio sazogadoeba a. RvamiCavas<br />
saxelobis onkologiis nacionaluri<br />
centris aqciaTa asi procentis<br />
mflobeli, acxadebs, rom onkocentri<br />
aris aramomgebiani (non-for-profit)<br />
organizacia. am SemTxvevaSi:<br />
onkocentris muSaobis procesSi<br />
warmoqmnili mogeba rCeba misive miznebis<br />
ganxorcielebisaTvis;<br />
ar warmoiqmneba mogebis gadasaxadi;<br />
aramomgebian (non-for-profit)<br />
organizacias yovelTvis gacilebiT meti<br />
daxmarebis miRebis SesaZlebloba aqvs<br />
(daxmarebebi, grantebi);<br />
aramomgebian (non-for-profit)<br />
organizaciasTan ufro metad midian<br />
TanamSromlobaze aseTive aramomgebiani<br />
organizaciebi, romlebic wamyvan rols<br />
asruleben Tanamedrove onkologiuri<br />
mkurnalobis ganviTarebaSi.<br />
magaliTad, amerikis kibos nacionaluri<br />
instituti, romelTanac SeiZleba<br />
gaimarTos molaparakeba Tanamedrove<br />
kvleviTi centris organizebaSi<br />
daxmarebaze (saqarTvelo, rogorc<br />
amerikis strategiuli mokavSire<br />
regionSi, rogorc amerikeli xalxis<br />
gansakuTrebuli zrunvis obieqti,<br />
evrokavSiri da sxv.);<br />
saerTaSoriso daxmarebebs yovelTvis<br />
mohyveba kontrolis daxvewili da<br />
gamocdili meqanizmebi;<br />
aramomgebian (non-for-profit)<br />
organizaciaSi SesaZlebelia waxalisebisa<br />
da kontrolis Siga resursebis da<br />
damatebiTi, sazogadoebrivi meqanizmebis<br />
ufro efeqturi amoqmedeba;<br />
es yvelaferi gamoiwvevs onkologiur<br />
momsaxurebaze fasebis Semcirebas jer<br />
onkocentrSi, xolo Semdeg, mTlian<br />
dargSi. savaraudoa, rom moyvanili<br />
modelis zemoT arasrulad CamoTvlili<br />
dadebiTi maxasiaTeblebi politikurad<br />
momgebiania, Seqmnis menejmentis axal (swor)<br />
motivacias da xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi<br />
mosaxleobis onkologiuri momsaxurebis<br />
da zogadad, onkologiis ganviTarebas.<br />
pativiscemiT, arCil kapanaZe<br />
onkologiis nacionaluri centris<br />
radiaciuli onkologiis departamentis<br />
eqimi<br />
www.liberali.ge<br />
saswrafod iyideba<br />
`mersedesi~ `Jigulis~<br />
nawilebiT!<br />
imedi maqvs, rom mkiTxveli cxriliT<br />
naTlad dainaxavs ganaTlebis sitemaSi<br />
mimdinare bolodroindel cvlilebas da<br />
SeamCnevs, saiT midis igi (maSinac ki, Tu<br />
ar icis, rom lototroniT direqtorebis<br />
arCeva, ramdenime welia, gauqmda). iqneb<br />
yvelas ar moswondes marcxena svetSi<br />
ganxorcielebuli iniciativebi, magram<br />
marjvena svetSi imdenad avtoritarulia,<br />
Znelia, misi momxre iyo. iqneb<br />
jobda, `mersedesi~ isev `mersedesis~<br />
nawilebiT Cagvenacvlebina, vidre ukan<br />
davbrunebuliyaviT `Jigulisken~...<br />
da sabWoTa ganaTlebis sistemidan<br />
yvelaze cudi meTodebi ar gamogverCia.<br />
mgoni, isev mogviwevs am gzis xelaxla<br />
gavla, 2009 wlamde arsebulis xelaxla<br />
danergva... ganaTlebis saministroSi<br />
es gauTavebeli cvlilebebi sistemaSi<br />
ramdenime Taobis ganaTlebasa da<br />
momavalze savalalo kvals datovebs.<br />
kana (Seumowmebeli), 25 ivnisi<br />
www.liberali.ge<br />
redaqtorebi: mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili /aRmasrulebeli redaqtori nino jafiaSvili / politika da saerTaSoriso ambebi sofo Waava / kavkasia da konfliqtebi<br />
sofo bukia / Jurnalisturi gamoZieba beso kurtaniZe / sazogadoeba Tamar babuaZe / adamianis uflebebi da samarTali nino beqiSvili / axali ambebi naTia axalaSvili<br />
Jurnalistebi: maia wiklauri, nino gogua, marika qoCiaSvili, eka WiTanava, rusudan fanoziSvili, anita Tvauri, Tamar faradaSvili, nino CimakaZe, rusudan ruxaZe,<br />
nino robaqiZe, iago yuraSvili, naTia guliaSvili, daviT buxrikiZe<br />
kontribucia: mark maleni, giorgi cxadaia, kaxa Tolordava, gio axvlediani, laSa buRaZe, sandro naveriani<br />
redaqcia: foto-redaqtori levan xerxeuliZe / grafikuli dizaini Tornike lorTqifaniZe / redaqtor-stilisti nino svaniZe / koreqtori nino saiTiZe<br />
gamomcemloba: proeqtis menejeri qeTi babunaSvili / proeqtis menejeris asistenti lela SubiTiZe / reklamis da gayidvebis direqtori Salva CubiniZe /<br />
marketingi da sazogadoebasTan urTierToba naTia rusaZe / distributori zviad Sengelia<br />
gamomcemeli: Sps `liberali~. misamarTi: Tbilisi 0162, faliaSvilis q. 108. tel.: (995 32) 232235, 233731, 912326. el-fosta: info@liberali.ge<br />
sxva gamocemebi: `cxeli Sokoladi~, `cxeli Sokoladi _ literatura~, `biznesi: adamianebi, meTodebi, strategiebi~.<br />
`liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi daculia.<br />
JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis <strong>gareSe</strong> akrZalulia.<br />
beWdva: stamba `favoriti~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, CubinaSvilis q. 50. tel.: (995 32) 95 19 52. www.phfavorite.ge<br />
gamodis kviraSi erTxel, yovel orSabaTs. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2 lari.<br />
www.liberali.ge ISSN 1987-7528<br />
2 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
mokled saqarTvelo<br />
rusul-amerikuli garigeba<br />
savaldebulo<br />
sarezervo<br />
samsaxuri<br />
samxedro sarezervo<br />
samsaxuri 40 wlamde<br />
asakis mamakacebisaTvis<br />
kvlav savaldebulo<br />
xdeba, 18-dRiani vada<br />
ki 45 dRemde gaizrdeba.<br />
am cvlilebebs `samxedro<br />
sarezervo<br />
samsaxuris~ Sesaxeb<br />
kanonproeqti iTva-<br />
rusulma da amerikulma navTobmompovebelma novorosiiskis sanapirosTan da tuafsesTan<br />
kompaniebma `rosneftma~ da `Sevronma~ Savi zR- mdebareobs. ruseTis teritoriaze navTobis<br />
vis dasavleT monakveTze navTobis saZiebo da saZieblad ucxoelTa mowvevas `rosneftis~<br />
mopovebis samuSaoebTan dakavSirebiT miliar- xelmZRvaneli Savi zRvis reliefis sirTuliTa<br />
ddolariani SeTanxmeba gaaformes. dokuments da teqnologiebis arqoniT xsnis, Tumca, jer-<br />
xeli moskovTan axlos, novo ogariovoSi, jerobiT ar aris cnobili, ras miiRebs rusuli<br />
putinis samTavrobo agarakze moewera da am mxare Tavis 2 sabadosTan amerikelebis daSvebis liswinebs, romelic<br />
process, kompaniebis direqtorebis garda, sanacvlod.saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa sa- parlamentis biuros<br />
maspinZelic eswreboda. SeTanxmebis TanaxministroSi acxadeben, rom maT xelT arsebu- sxdomaze gasul kviras<br />
mad, `Sevroni~ ruseTis teritoriul wylebSi li informaciiT, navTobis moZiebis adgilad iyo inicirebuli. ka-<br />
jer saZiebo samuSaoebs, Semdeg ki navTobis afxazeTi miTiTebuli ar aris, magram Tbilisi nonproeqtis avtorebi<br />
mopovebas 2 WaburRilze daiwyebs, romlebic detalebs uSualod `SevronTan~ gaarkvevs.<br />
arian deputatebi _<br />
samson quTaTelaZe,<br />
dausrulebeli dava<br />
laSa Tordia da zviad<br />
kukava.<br />
kanonproeqti aseve<br />
gasul kviras `gazpromma~ beloruss gazis deba centraluri<br />
gansazRvravs samxe-<br />
miwodeba Seumcira, Tavidan _ 15, Semdeg ki da dasavleT evrodro<br />
Zalebis rezervis<br />
60 procentiT. `gazpromSi~ acxadebdnen, rom pis nawils gazi _<br />
kategoriebs, rezervis<br />
bunebrivi airis sruli miwodebisTvis belo- ruseTidan mTlianad<br />
formirebis, organizeruss<br />
is 192 milioni aSS dolaris davalianeba importirebuli gazis<br />
bis da gavlis safuZv-<br />
unda gadaexada, rac bolo eqvsi Tvis ganma- daaxloebiT 20 procenti. `gazpromma~ evropelebs.vlobaSi daugrovda. am valis arsebobas minski lebi imiT daamSvida, rom Tu belorusi tran- amas garda, kanon-<br />
Tavdapirvelad uaryofda. magram mogvianebiT, zits Sewyvets, ukrainis resurss gamoiyeneben, proeqtiT, samxedro<br />
molaparakebebis Semdeg 178 milioni mainc ga- romelic mTlianad anazRaurebuli ar aqvT. sarezervo samsaxurSi<br />
daixada. ruseTmac daadastura, rom davaliane- gazis Temaze arsebuli gaurkvevloba kvlav myof pirs samxedro<br />
ba srulad daifara da gazis miwodebac aRdga. grZeldeba. axla minskSi acxadeben, rom ruseTs mosamsaxuris statusi<br />
ruseTis sanqciebma evropelebic SeaSina. satranzito gadasaxadi aqvs gadasaxdeli, rasac eqneba.<br />
ruseTidan swored belorusis gavliT miewo- rusuli mxare ar aRiarebs.<br />
ricxvebi 10 milioni lariT azarala 65 trilion aSS dolars iTxovs CrdiloeTi<br />
kaxeTi stiqiam.<br />
korea aSS-sgan zaralis anazRaurebisTvis.<br />
4 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
saqarTvelo<br />
de faqto boikoti<br />
afxazeTisa da samxreTi oseTis separatistuli reJimebi Jenevis<br />
molaparakebebs `droebiT~ eTiSebian. Tavdapirvelad es gadawyvetileba<br />
soxumSi miiRes. Semdeg ki cxinvali daimuqra, rom<br />
molaparakebebs Tavadac boikots gamoucxadebs, Tuki saerTa-<br />
Soriso molaparakebaTa TanaTavmjdomareebi maT moTxovnas ar<br />
daakmayofileben. es moTxovna ki kvlav Zalis gamouyeneblobis<br />
SeTanxmebas exeba. molaparakebebis datovebis mizezad soxumi<br />
gaero-s, euTo-sa da evrokavSiris araobieqtur damokidebulebas<br />
da saerTaSoriso formatis araproduqciulobas asaxelebs.<br />
maT ultimatumic wamoayenes, rom mxolod im SemTxvevaSi daubrundebian<br />
molaparakebebis magidas, Tu TanaTavmjdomareebi<br />
yvela mxaris winadadebebis Semcvel dokuments warmoadgenen<br />
da SesaZlebeli gaxdeba Ria diskusia da debatebi. ultimatumis<br />
konkretul vadebze soxumSi ar saubroben. cxinvalma ki<br />
vada 12 ivlisamde misca mxareebs. `Tu cxinvalSi TanaTavmjdomareebis<br />
morig Sexvedraze axal proeqts ar warmoadgenen,<br />
Semdegi raundi aRar iqneba~, _ acxadebs de faqto prezidentis<br />
sagangebo warmomadgeneli boris CoCievi da pasuxismgeblobasac<br />
TanaTavmjdomareebs akisrebs. TbilisSi am qmedebebs moskovis<br />
`tradiciul SantaJs~ uwodeben. `ruseTs Jenevis molaparakebebis<br />
mokvla surs~, _ ganacxada saqarTvelos prezidentma.<br />
trampi saqarTveloSi<br />
amerikeli miliarderi donald trampi<br />
saqarTveloSi investiciebis Cadebas<br />
gegmavs. misi kompaniis The Trump<br />
Organization-is aRmasrulebeli viceprezidenti<br />
maikl koeni Tbilissa da<br />
baTumSi imyofeboda. The Trump Organization<br />
saqarTveloSi Silk Road Group-Tan<br />
awarmoebs molaparakebebs. Tumca, arc<br />
qarTuli mxare da arc koeni am urTier-<br />
Tobebisa da im adgilis Sesaxeb, sadac investiciebis Cadebas<br />
apireben, ar saubroben. Silk Road Group-s trampTan Sexvedris<br />
saSualeba aprilSi, prezidentis aSS-Si yofnis dros miecaT.<br />
aseTive molaparakebebi mimdinareobs las vegasis kazinoebis<br />
magnat stiv vinTan. Tumca, am molaparakebebis Sesaxeb detalebi<br />
ar xmaurdeba. koenma aRniSna, rom kavkasiaSi biznesis keTeba<br />
`axali ram~ ar aris trampisTvis, romelsac investiciebi mTel<br />
msoflioSi aqvs. saqarTvelosTan yvelaze axlos trampis<br />
mier ganxorcielebuli investicia stambolSi, 40-sarTuliani<br />
mravalfunqciuri kompleqsia. saqarTveloSi biznesis dawyebas<br />
donald trampis yofili meuRle ivana trampic gegmavs. igi<br />
TbilisSi gasuli wlis dekemberSi Camovida da qveynis pirvel<br />
pirsac Sexvda.<br />
citatebi<br />
`dRes visesxe fuli megobrebisgan da sul male<br />
vals gadagixdiT. magram Zalian samwuxaroa, rom<br />
es fuli ucxoebisgan unda mesesxa imis gamo, rom<br />
ruseTs ar SeuZlia ori kvira moicados~.<br />
aleqsandr lukaSenko<br />
22 ivnisi, minski<br />
`es aris mTavroba [saqarTvelos], romelic<br />
efuZneba mudmiv ganaxlebas, da aseve mudmivad,<br />
Tundac mcire dozebiT, magram axali sisxlis<br />
SeSvebas da SeSxapunebas~.<br />
mixeil saakaSvili<br />
25 ivnisi, Tbilisi<br />
`ruseTi vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis wevri<br />
unda gaxdes. es xelsayrelia ruseTisTvis,<br />
es xelsayrelia aSS-sTvis, es xelsayrelia<br />
yvelasTvis~.<br />
barak obama<br />
24 ivnisi, vaSingtoni<br />
`CeCneTis prezidentma ramzan kadirovma fsiqiatrs<br />
unda mimarTos da ukrainis saSinao saqmeebSi<br />
Carevasa da Tavisi Sefasebebis gakeTebas Tavi unda<br />
daanebos~.<br />
anatoli gricenko - ukrainis umaRlesi radis<br />
Tavdacvisa da nacionaluri usafrTxoebis<br />
komitetis Tavmjdomare<br />
25 ivnisi, kievi<br />
mokled<br />
4.5 procentiT gaizarda mSp pirvel kvartalSi saqar- 45 dRemde gaizrdeba savaldebulo sarezervo<br />
TveloSi.<br />
samsaxuri saqarTveloSi.<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
5
foto<br />
wyaldidoba TbilisSi<br />
19 ivniss Zlieri wvimis gamo, TbilisSi ramdenime ubani daitbora. gldani-naZaladevis raionSi, yofili manqanebis<br />
bazrobis teritoriaze, quCis mTel Cayolebaze manqanebi saaTze met xans uZravad idgnen.<br />
qarma moglija ramdenime xe, datbora saniaRvre arxebi.<br />
wyaldidobas im adamianebmac ver aarides Tavi, vinc sacobebisgan Tavis dasacavad metroTi gadawyvita mgzavroba.<br />
ramdenime metros sadgurSi wvimis wyali Sevarda da sadgurebi daiketa. daitbora metro `axmetelis~ garSemo<br />
mdebare miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebic.<br />
mgzavrebis da gamyidvelebis panikam wvimis gadaRebis Semdeg iklo, Tumca saxlSi misulebs kidev erTi siurprizi<br />
elodaT _ korpusebTan trotuarebi setyvas TeTrad daefara.<br />
6 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
vrclad<br />
protesti skandalisa<br />
da provokaciebis <strong>gareSe</strong><br />
2000-ianelTa Taobis mxatvrebma gamofenaze `Soris~ TavianTi deromantizirebuli<br />
xelovneba warmoadgines, rogorc TviTon amboben _ xelovneba makiaJis <strong>gareSe</strong>.<br />
nino CimakaZe<br />
23 wlis natali nebieriZem saku-<br />
Tari mSoblebis, aseve mxatvrebis<br />
namuSevrebi aiRo da mamis meZavsa da<br />
dedis angelozebs sakuTari saxe gadaaxata.<br />
rogorc ambobs, palimfsestis<br />
stilSi Sesrulebuli am naxatiT<br />
man gamoTqva protesti mSoblebis<br />
TaobaSi arsebuli infantilizmisa da<br />
gauazrebeli kulturuli gavlenebis<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelic kritikuli<br />
azrovnebis Camoyalibebasa da kultebis<br />
ngrevas uSlis xels.<br />
natalis es naxati, 11 sxva namu-<br />
SevarTan erTad, galerea #9-Si gamoifina,<br />
sadac 23 ivniss e.w. 2000-ianelTa<br />
Taobis mxatvrebis gamofena<br />
`Soris~ gaixsna.<br />
kliSeebisgan Tavisufali da<br />
socialurad aqtiuri xelovneba _<br />
ase SeiZleba Sefasdes koncefcia,<br />
romelic aq warmodgenil namuSevrebs<br />
aerTianebT.<br />
saprotesto Sinaarsis miuxedavad,<br />
gamofenis forma skandaluri ar yofila.<br />
avtorebi Seecadnen, aqtualuri<br />
problemebi tradiciuli formiT<br />
gadmoecaT da amisTvis gamoiyenes<br />
ara performansebis xerxi, aramed<br />
kedlis sibrtye, zeTis saRebavi,<br />
fanqari, akrili da foto. amiT maT<br />
kidev erT problemaze, Tanamedrove<br />
xelovnebisadmi stereotipul damokidebulebaze<br />
gaamaxviles yuradReba:<br />
`modian winaswar gamzadebuli<br />
azriT, rom aq aucileblad skandalur<br />
performanss naxaven. Tumca,<br />
Tanamedrove xelovneba ar niSnavs<br />
maincdamainc romelime konkretuli<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
formis gamoyenebas an provokacias,<br />
gvinda, rom am kitCuri damokidebulebisgan<br />
gavTavisufldeT~, _<br />
aRniSnavs gamofenis monawile da<br />
kuratori qeTo logua.<br />
mis namuSevarze londonis White<br />
Cube-is galerea organzomilebian<br />
ferwerul namuSevrad aris warmodgenili.<br />
rogorc Tavad ambobs, erTi<br />
ganzomilebis gamokleba erTgvari<br />
protestia imis mimarT, Tu rogor<br />
Wams namuSevrebis ideas Tanamedrove<br />
galereebSi sivrceze da garemoze<br />
aqcentireba.<br />
namuSevarTa did nawilSi mkveTrad<br />
gamoxatuli memarcxene msoflmxedveloba<br />
dominirebs. aq vxvdebiT<br />
dokumentur fotomasalas, romelic<br />
2009 wels JenevaSi msoflio savaWro<br />
Tekla aslaniSvilis namuSevari `Tekla~. gamofena `Soris~,<br />
galerea N9, Tbilisi, 23 ivnisi 2010<br />
organizaciis sawinaaRmdego demonstraciebis<br />
Sedegebs asaxavs (avtori<br />
melano soxaZe). sareklamo banerebis<br />
Camsxvreuli vitrinebi erTgvar<br />
kontrasts qmnis SuSis miRma momRimar,<br />
bednier adamianebsa da mis aqeT<br />
arsebul realobas Soris.<br />
antikapitalisturi muxti igrZnoba<br />
Tekla aslaniSvilis namuSevarSic,<br />
saxelwodebiT _ `Tekla~. Teklas<br />
portretebi, romlebic 40 sxvadasxva<br />
mxatvris mieraa Sesrulebuli, gamofenaze<br />
erT did tilodaa gaer-<br />
Tianebuli. am SemTxvevaSi, protesti<br />
mxatvrebis brendirebis da komercializaciis<br />
winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli:<br />
`mxatvris saxeli sul ufro<br />
metad iZens logotipis funqciebs<br />
da sul ufro naklebad gansxvavde-<br />
7<br />
foto levan xerxeuliZe
vrclad<br />
ba iseTi brendebisgan, rogoricaa<br />
`naiki~ an `adidasi~. rac ufro<br />
farTovdeba es brendi, miT ufro<br />
daclilia mis ukan mdgomi produqcia<br />
Sinaarsisagan da sazogadoebac<br />
da kritikosebic naklebad kritikulni<br />
xdebian mis mimarT~, _ ambobs<br />
aslaniSvili.<br />
komercializacias da kapitalistur<br />
art-markets upirispirdeba<br />
giorgi kevliSvilis namuSevaric<br />
_ `cxrili 2~. giorgi monawileTa<br />
Soris yvelaze ufrosia da ramdenime<br />
maTgans samxatvro akademiaSic<br />
aswavlida:<br />
`ra Tqma unda, bazris kanonebs<br />
gverds mTlianad ver avuvliT,<br />
magram rac unda xmamaRla JRerdes,<br />
xelovnebis daniSnuleba mainc<br />
WeSmaritebis Ziebaa da ara bazarze<br />
adgilis damkvidreba~, _ aRniSnavs<br />
kevliSvili.<br />
giorgis studentebs _ qeTo<br />
loguas, natali nebieriZes, Tekla<br />
aslaniSvils da daviT kuxalaSvils,<br />
romlebic samxatvro akademiaSi swavlis<br />
dros iq arsebul ganaTlebis<br />
sistemas da swavlebis meTodebs<br />
aprotestebdnen, akademiam diplomebi<br />
ar misca. amis oficialur<br />
mizezad kreditebis arasakmarisi<br />
raodenoba daasaxeles. Tumca,<br />
axalgazrdebis azriT, realuri<br />
mizezi swored maTi Riad dafiqsirebuli<br />
pozicia iyo. kevliSvili ki,<br />
romelic 2 wlis manZilze vizualuri<br />
xelovnebis saxelosnos xelmZRvanelobda<br />
da axali midgomebis<br />
danergvas cdilobda, akademiidan<br />
axsna-ganmartebis <strong>gareSe</strong> gaaTavisufles.<br />
saprotesto muxti da axali<br />
gzebis Zieba gamofenaze monawile<br />
yvela mxatvars aerTianebs. amjerad<br />
maTTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani<br />
koncefciaa xelovnebis deromantizacia<br />
da demiTologizacia _<br />
rodesac xelovneba makiaJis funqcias<br />
ki ar Seasrulebs, aramed<br />
realobas asaxavs da Tavadac axali<br />
realobis Semqmneli gaxdeba.<br />
mosalodneli<br />
da moulodneli<br />
samTavrobo cvlilebebi<br />
sami axali ministri, prezidentis administraciis axali<br />
xelmZRvaneli da misi moadgile, aseve sagareo saqmeTa<br />
ministris axali moadgile da erTic axali saministro<br />
_ aseTia ramdenimekviriani mosalodneli samTavrobo<br />
cvlilebebi.<br />
naTia axalaSvili<br />
axal postebze wardgenilTa<br />
umravlesoba sazogadoebisTvis<br />
ukve kargad nacnobi xalxia. `axali<br />
sisxli~ ki mTavrobaSi ekonomikis<br />
axali ministri da sagareo saqmeTa<br />
ministris axali moadgile iqnebian.<br />
ekonomikis ganviTarebis saministros<br />
saxeli ukve meored Seecvleba<br />
da ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis<br />
saministro daerqmeva. mas kanadidan<br />
saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli<br />
vera qobalia uxelmZRvanelebs. prezidentma<br />
wardgenisas vera qobalias,<br />
vankuverSi misi ojaxis puris cxobis<br />
biznesis gamo, `Zalian warmatebuli<br />
businesswoman~ uwoda.<br />
mTavrobaSi calke Seiqmneba axalgazrdobisa<br />
da sportis saministro,<br />
romelsac Sida qarTlSi prezidentis<br />
yofili rwmunebuli lado varZelaSvili<br />
uxelmZRvanelebs. vin daikavebs<br />
mis adgils, jerjerobiT ucnobia.<br />
axali ufrosi da moadgile eyoleba<br />
prezidentis administraciasac<br />
_ daviT tyeSelaSvili, misi moadgile<br />
ki telekompania `rusTavi2~-is<br />
sainformacio samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli,<br />
Jurnalisti irma nadiraSvili<br />
gaxdeba.<br />
tyeSelaSvilis adgils, rogorc<br />
winaswar vrceldeboda informacia,<br />
sagzao departamentis xelmZRvaneli<br />
ramaz nikolaiSvili daikavebs.<br />
prezidentis administraciis yofili<br />
ufrosi Temur janaSia saxelmwifo<br />
dacvis samsaxurs Caudgeba<br />
saTaveSi.<br />
prezidentma waradgina sagareo<br />
saqmeTa ministris axali moadgile<br />
Tornike gordaZec, romelic bolo<br />
15-16 weli safrangeTSi cxovrobda.<br />
saakaSvilma gordaZe `parizSi Zalian<br />
cnobil da warmatebul politologad~<br />
daaxasiaTa. axali moadgile<br />
sagareo uwyebaSi `evropul mimarTulebas~<br />
uxelmZRvanelebs. aqamde is<br />
anatoliis kvlevis franguli institutis<br />
kavkasiis centris direqtori<br />
iyo.<br />
prezidentma gadadgomis Semdeg<br />
Seaqo ekonomikis ukve yofili ministri<br />
zurab pololikaSvili, Tumca,<br />
aRniSna, rom `mTavroba, romelic<br />
efuZneba kadrebis stabilurobas,<br />
aseve efuZneba adamianebis rezultatiT<br />
Sefasebas... Tu adamiani rezultats<br />
konkretuli mimarTulebiT ver<br />
aRwevs, is aucileblad unda iyos<br />
gadasrolili sxva mimarTulebaze~.<br />
imis gamo, rom ukanaskneli cvlilebebiT,<br />
bolo dros ministrebis<br />
saerTo raodenobam kabinetis sruli<br />
Semadgenlobis 1/3-s gadaaWarba,<br />
mTavrobisa da misi programis<br />
damtkiceba parlaments am kviraSi<br />
mouwevs.<br />
8 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
ori azri<br />
momxre<br />
gia xuroSvili<br />
mTavrobis saparlamento mdivani<br />
axali saministros Seqmna niSnavs uwyebis<br />
Seqmnas, romelsac eqneba ufleba, Seqmnas<br />
konkretuli politika konkretuli mimar-<br />
TulebiT. sportis ganviTareba aris saxelmwifos<br />
prioriteti, sporti ki qarTuli<br />
sazogadoebis sijansaRe, ganviTareba<br />
da iseTi problemebis daZlevaa, rogoricaa<br />
magaliTad narkomania. am saministros<br />
dafuZnebiT kidev ufro meti yuradReba<br />
mieqceva sports da meti dafinanseba gamoiyofa<br />
am sferos ganviTarebisTvis.<br />
axali saministro xels Seuwyobs axalgazrdebisTvis<br />
sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo<br />
Tu socialuri programebis ganviTarebas.<br />
xelisuflebis mTavari prioriteti<br />
dRes axalgazrda Taobis maqsimaluri<br />
daxmarebaa, axalgazrda kvalificiuri<br />
kadrebis mozidva. unda arsebobdes mkafiod<br />
Camoyalibebuli politika rogorc<br />
parlamentis doneze, aseve am politikis<br />
Sesrulebis meqanizmebi ufro maRali rwmunebis<br />
saministros SigniT. swored aman<br />
ganapiroba dRemde moqmedi departamentis<br />
saministrod gadakeTeba.<br />
prezidentmac axsena, rom Zalian bevri<br />
adamiani wavaxaliseT da maTi swavla ucxoeTSi<br />
saxelmwifom daafinansa. es adamianebi<br />
axali codniT da axali gamocdilebiT brundebian<br />
saqarTveloSi. maRali kvalifikaciis<br />
mqone axalgazrda kadrebiT Canacvlebis<br />
procesi mudmivad unda grZeldebodes, radgan,<br />
bunebrivia, Cven ar varT qveyana, romelic<br />
icxovrebs almasebiT. Cveni erTaderTi<br />
gadarCenis saSualebaa kvalificiuri Taoba<br />
da mkafiod Camoyalibebuli politika momavali<br />
Taobis aRzrdis saqmeSi.<br />
uSualod politikis ganxorcielebaze<br />
pasuxismgebeli ministri iqneba da amitom<br />
davelodoT am saministros Camoyalibebas.<br />
ministri gagvacnobs im mimarTulebebs,<br />
razec apirebs aqcentis gakeTebas. am<br />
saministros kompetenciaSi Seva patriot-<br />
Ta banakebic da sxva sakiTxebi, rac axalgazrdebs<br />
SeexebaT.<br />
gvWirdeba Tu ara<br />
da sportis s<br />
axali saministro xels Seuwyobs<br />
axalgazrdebisTvis sxvadasxva<br />
saganmanaTleblo Tu socialuri<br />
programebis ganviTarebas.<br />
xelisuflebis mTavari prioriteti<br />
dRes axalgazrda Taobis maqsimaluri<br />
daxmarebaa.<br />
10 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
axalgazrdobisa<br />
aministro?<br />
qveyanaSi arsebul ramdenime iseT<br />
saministros, romelic mxolod da<br />
mxolod erisa da mamulis winaSe<br />
Rvawlmosil pirTa dasasaqmeblad an<br />
evropel partniorebTan Tavis mowonebis<br />
mizniT aris Seqmnili, kidev erTi msgavsi<br />
dawesebuleba Seemata.<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
foto salome jaSi<br />
mowinaaRmdege<br />
leqso maWavariani<br />
ori azri<br />
Cemi mokrZalebuli azriT, ramdenime iseT<br />
saministros, romelic mxolod da mxolod<br />
erisa da mamulis winaSe Rvawlmosil pirTa<br />
dasasaqmeblad an evropel partniorebTan<br />
Tavis mowonebis mizniT aris Seqmnili, kidev<br />
erTi msgavsi dawesebuleba Seemata, romlis<br />
daniSnulebac gadasaxadebis gadamxdelTa fuliT<br />
im saqmianobis ganxorcieleba iqneba, romelsac,<br />
saxelmwifos mxridan Sesabamisi samar-<br />
Tlebrivi xelSewyobiT, wesiT, kerZo biznesi<br />
unda afinansebdes.<br />
Cemi gakvirveba imanac gamoiwvia, rom b-nma<br />
prezidentma sakuTari gadawyvetileba axalgazrdobis<br />
saqmeTa specialuri saministros<br />
Seqmnis Sesaxeb sabWoTa memkvidreobisgan<br />
ganTavisuflebisken swrafvis gamomxatveli<br />
iseTi qmedebis Semdeg gaaxmaura, rogoricaa<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis demontaJi. orueliseul<br />
saministroebTan asociaciebs Tavi rom davaneboT,<br />
cota ar iyos da, gaugebaria, ratom<br />
unda ereodes saxelmwifo axalgazrdebis saqmeebSi,<br />
Tu misi mizani axalgazrdobaSi sasurveli<br />
ideologiis danergva ar aris; ra daa-<br />
Saves qveynis saSualo asakis da xandazmulma<br />
moqalaqeebma, SevqmnaT maTTvisac analogiuri<br />
saministroebi? samwuxaroa, rom pirovneba,<br />
romelsac yvelaze ufro meti SesaZlebloba<br />
da, rac mTavaria, sakmarisi niWi aqvs imisTvis,<br />
rom yvelanairad Seuwyos xeli progress saxelmwifoSi,<br />
amdenad araTanmimdevrulia saku-<br />
Tar qmedebebSi.<br />
saministros Seqmnis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba<br />
axali miRebulia. jerjerobiT sajarod ar<br />
gancxadebula misi miznebi da funqciebi, da<br />
arc ministrs ar warmoudgenia sakuTari samoqmedo<br />
programa. Tumca, xelisuflebis mier<br />
bolo periodSi lobirebadi tendenciebis da<br />
struqturis axlad daniSnuli xelmZRvanelis<br />
warsuli saqmianobis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrob,<br />
rom uaxloes momavalSi unda velodoT<br />
axalgazrdebs Soris samarxvo kulturis<br />
TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebis Semdgom popularizacias<br />
da mizanmimarTul svlas win _ sabWoTa<br />
warsulisken.<br />
11
mTavari Tema<br />
reportaJi<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong><br />
<strong>gareSe</strong><br />
stalini samuzeumo eqsponatad<br />
iqceva.<br />
eka WiTanava<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis demontaJi, gori, 25 ivnisi, 2010<br />
12 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
ebraeli turisti jonaTan holi<br />
gorSi ramdenime dRis win Cavida.<br />
yvelaze metad mTavari moednis da-<br />
Tvaliereba da <strong>stalinis</strong> ZeglisTvis<br />
fotoebis gadaReba undoda. Tumca,<br />
im dRes ver moaswro, radgan bakurianSi<br />
gaemgzavra. ifiqra, Zegli arsad<br />
gaiqceva, gorSi xval davbrundebi<br />
da Zeglsac mere gadaviRebo. Tumca,<br />
turists qandakeba gamqrali daxvda.<br />
`gaocebuli vuyurebdi cariel kvarcxlbeks.<br />
ar miyvars stalini, magram<br />
misi qandakeba qalaqis RirsSesaniSnaoba<br />
iyo~, _ ambobs jonaTan holi.<br />
kulturis saministros gadawyvetilebiT,<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> eqvsmetriani brinjaos<br />
qandakebis adgilas 2008 wlis<br />
ruseT-saqarTvelos omsa da stalinuri<br />
represiebis dros daRupul adamianTa<br />
memoriali aRimarTeba. `maxinj<br />
kerpebs ar unda hqondeT adgili damoukidebel,<br />
Tavisufal qveyanaSi~, _<br />
ganacxada kulturis ministrma nika<br />
ruruam.<br />
qandakebis aReba 25 ivniss Ramis pirvel<br />
saaTze daiwyes. gorelebisTvis es<br />
sruliad moulodneli iyo. mTavari<br />
moednis garSemo ZiriTadad maRaziebi<br />
da kafeebia ganlagebuli, amitom<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis aRebis ambavi qalaqis<br />
mosaxleobis absoluturma umravlesobam<br />
mxolod meore diliT gaigo. im<br />
RamiT ki, sapatrulo policiis mier<br />
gadaketil moedanze Sekrebil 100mde<br />
moqalaqes Soris xelisuflebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi Warbobdnen. swored<br />
isini daemSvidobnen beladis Zegls Se-<br />
ZaxiliT: `Zirs satana!~<br />
procesis firze aRbeWdvas TiToorola<br />
Jurnalisti cdilobda, maT<br />
Soris iyo telekompania `TrialeTis~<br />
gadamRebi jgufic. Jurnalisti lado<br />
biWaSvili Zeglis aRebiT ukmayofilo<br />
mosaxleobas esaubreboda maSin,<br />
roca samoqalaqo formaSi Cacmulma<br />
pirebma operators, imeda gogolaZes<br />
kamera waarTves da or mxares Soris<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
Sexla-Semoxla gaimarTa. incidents<br />
Tvalyurs adevnebda goris samxareo<br />
policiis ufrosic. rogorc lado<br />
biWaSvili hyveba, policiis maRal-<br />
Cinosanma Jurnalistebi daamSvida,<br />
ris Semdegac `TrialeTis~ warmomadgenlebs<br />
kamera da kaseta daubrunes,<br />
oRond Sexla-Semoxlis amsaxveli kadrebi<br />
ukve waSlili iyo.<br />
aseTi konspiraciis gamo, istoriuli<br />
movlena _ agvistos omis dros dabombil<br />
qalaqSi didi beladis Zeglis<br />
demontaJi _ saidumlo operacias daemsgavsa.<br />
oriode saaTis Semdeg TokebiT<br />
Camoxsnili 6-metriani Zegli ukve<br />
satvirTo manqanis sabargulze ido da<br />
gaurkveveli mimarTulebiT mihqondaT.<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> kvali swored am momentidan<br />
daikarga. diliT moedanze<br />
Sekrebil `komunisturi partiis~ warmomadgenlebs<br />
ki, Zeglis nacvlad,<br />
cxrametriani kvarcxlbeki da ori gadaRunuli<br />
armaturaRa daxvdaT.<br />
roca SuadRisas gorSi Casulma<br />
`liberalis~ Jurnalistebma <strong>stalinis</strong><br />
Zeglis adgilsamyofeli vikiTxeT,<br />
yvelam mxrebi aiCeCa, _ `aba, ra viciT,<br />
CvenTvis arc misi Camogdebis nebarTva<br />
uTxoviaT, da arc is viciT, momavalSi<br />
ras upireben~, _ ambobdnen goris macxovreblebi.<br />
Zeglis adgilsamyofels qalaqis<br />
sakrebulo da gamgeoba mTeli dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi saguldagulod malavda.<br />
`araferi viciT, gamgeblis moadgile<br />
araa samsaxurSi~, _ acxadebda<br />
gamgeblis pressamsaxuris warmomadgeneli.<br />
`me rom raime giTxraT, mogatyuebT,<br />
sakrebulos Tavmjdomares<br />
ki ver vukavSirdebi~, _ gvimeorebdnen<br />
sakrebuloSi.<br />
parlamentis wevris, petre ciskariSvilis<br />
versiiT ki, Zegli naSuadRevs<br />
ukve <strong>stalinis</strong> saxelmwifo muzeum-<br />
Si unda yofiliyo. Tumca amis Sesaxeb<br />
Tavad mezeumis TanamSromlebma Jur-<br />
mTavari Tema<br />
nalistebisgan Seityves.<br />
muzeumis samecniero-kvleviTi samsaxuris<br />
xelmZRvanelma mzia naoWa-<br />
Svilma ezoSi is ori buCqi gviCvena,<br />
romelTa Sorisac <strong>stalinis</strong> Zegli<br />
restavraciis Semdeg unda dadgan. `ar<br />
momwons, rom Zegli mTavari moednidan<br />
waiRes, Tumca vemorCilebi xelisuflebis<br />
gadawyvetilebas. maT ukeT<br />
ician, rogor jobia!~<br />
paralelurad meore versiac gavrcelda,<br />
romlis mixedviTac, Zegli<br />
karaleTis asfaltis qarxanaSi unda<br />
gadaetanaT. Tumca, beladis qandakeba<br />
arc iq aRmoCnda. `ukve davWeriT da<br />
davinawileT~, _ xumrobdnen `birJaze~<br />
gamosuli gorelebi. kidev ramdenime<br />
mcdari signalis Semdeg ukve danamdvilebiT<br />
gairkva, rom qandakeba policiis<br />
ezoSi iyo Caketili. mTavrobis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT, es faqti ar unda<br />
gaxmaurebuliyo da, gaugebari motiviT,<br />
`sapatio patimari~ arc erT Jurnalists<br />
ar unda enaxa.<br />
gorSi mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi simSvide<br />
iyo. Zeglis demontaJs ZiriTadad<br />
komunisturi partiis mxardamWerebi<br />
aprotestebdnen da swored maTi<br />
iniciativiT qalaqis mTavar moedanze<br />
6 saaTisTvis aqciac daigegma. Tumca,<br />
daaxloebiT 7-is xuT wuTze trotuarTan<br />
SavebSi Cacmuli oTxi adamiani<br />
gamoCnda, Semdeg maT kidev ori demonstranti<br />
Seemata da yvelani er-<br />
Tad protestis niSnad kvarcxlbekTan<br />
Camosxdnen. `ar vici, ratom ar SemogvierTdnen~,<br />
_ xelebi gaasavsava Sav<br />
kabaSi Cacmulma <strong>stalinis</strong> erT-erTma<br />
Tayvanismcemelma, romelsac gulze<br />
misi suraTi hqonda mimagrebuli. `isev<br />
aq unda daabrunon, is CemTvis Zalian<br />
bevr rames niSnavs. stalini marto<br />
beladi ki ar iyo, aramed RmerTi! yovelTvis,<br />
roca gavivlidi misi Zeglis<br />
win, vexvewebodi, _ soso, Sens sulsa<br />
vTxov, rodis SegvaerTeb ruseTTan~,<br />
_ acxadebda komunisturi partiis we-<br />
13
mTavari Tema<br />
vri mayvala SatakiSvili da cxvirsaxociT<br />
cremlian Tvalebs iwmendda.<br />
goris axalgazrdoba beladis Zeglis<br />
Camoxsnas gulgrilad Sexvda.<br />
`Cemi azriT, kargad moiqcnen, rom<br />
waiRes, qalaqis centrSi diqtatoris<br />
saxes ratom unda vuyuro yoveldRe~,<br />
_ ambobda 23 wlis ana gamgebeli. `Tuki<br />
muzeumSi gadaitanen, ara mgonia, vinme<br />
winaaRmdegi iyos, ubralod ar mesmis,<br />
ra saWiro iyo Zeglis Cumad CamoReba~,<br />
_ `Ramis ritualis~ mizans verafriT<br />
xsnida meore gogona.<br />
stalins qandakeba gorSi 1952 wels,<br />
sicocxleSive daudges. specialurad<br />
am ZeglisTvis teritoria erTi wliT<br />
adre moasufTaves da daangries mimdebare<br />
Senobebi, maT Soris _ eklesiac.<br />
Zeglis ganadgureba jer kidev 1961<br />
wels nikita xruSCovma gadawyvita,<br />
roca sabWoTa kavSirSi pirovnebis<br />
kultis dagmobis kampania daiwyo. igive<br />
scades 1980-90-ian wlebSi qarTuli<br />
erovnuli moZraobis liderebmac,<br />
Tumca goris mosaxleobis winaaRmdegobis<br />
gamo, <strong>stalinis</strong> Zegli maSin gadarCa.<br />
2008 wels Zeglis gadatanis idea ruseT-saqarTvelos<br />
omis Semdeg momwifda.<br />
`<strong>stalinis</strong> Camokvarcxlbekebis~<br />
goris mTavari moedani, 25 ivnisi, 2010<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis demontaJi, gori, 25 ivnisi, 2010<br />
moTxovniT 2009 wlis agvistoSi, goris<br />
centrSi studentebi gamovidnen<br />
da qandakebas saRebavi Seasxes. sazogadoebaSi<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> kultis sawinaaRmdego<br />
ganwyobis Seqmnas mizanmimarTulad<br />
cdilobda `Tavisuflebis<br />
institutis~ wevri levan ramiSvilic.<br />
man socialur qsel `feisbuqze~ specialuri<br />
gverdic Seqmna, romelSic<br />
Zeglis Camogdebis 2000-mde momxre<br />
gaerTianda. xelisuflebis nacvlad,<br />
anti<strong>stalinis</strong>tur kampaniaSi swored<br />
aseTi sainiciativo jgufebi aqtiurobdnen,<br />
mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi ki<br />
acxadebdnen, rom gadawyvetilebas referendumis<br />
Semdeg miiRebdnen, radgan<br />
ZeglisTvis saboloo ganaCeni swored<br />
xalxs unda gamoetana.<br />
Tumca, <strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis Camoxsna,<br />
rasac xelisufleba totalitarizmis<br />
dangrevis simbolod afasebda, sazogadoebis<br />
nawilisTvis moCvenebiTi<br />
demokratiulobis niSnad iqca. istorikosi<br />
laSa baqraZe maSin acxadebda:<br />
`istoriaze uari ar unda vTqvaT, Zeglebis<br />
Camogdebaze ufro Wkvianuri<br />
iqneba, Tuki stalinizms Cvens gonebaSi<br />
gadavlaxavT. es komunisturi midgomaa,<br />
swored komunistebi cdilobdnen<br />
imis gaqrobas, rac ar moswondaT~.<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> qandakebebis umetesoba<br />
msoflioSi an aiRes, an saxe ucvales.<br />
magaliTad, 1956 wels ungrelma<br />
revolucionerebma budapeStSi misi<br />
Zeglisgan mxolod Ceqma datoves. zogan<br />
ki piriqiT, stalins damsaxurebebi<br />
axla daufases da, magaliTad virjiniis<br />
StatSi, Zegli mas sul ramdenime<br />
dRis win, faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolisTvis<br />
aRumarTes.<br />
„ar SeiZleba qveyanaSi erTdroulad<br />
arsebobdes okupaciis muzeumi da im<br />
xalxis Zeglebi, romelTa iniciativi-<br />
Tac saqarTveloSi saokupacio armia<br />
Semovida“, _ aseTi iyo prezident mixeil<br />
saakaSvilis komentari <strong>stalinis</strong><br />
Zeglis gadatanis Semdeg. qandakebis<br />
demontaJi Sefasda, rogorc totalitaruli<br />
warsulis dasasruli. goris<br />
mTavar moedanze <strong>stalinis</strong> Zegls male<br />
axali simbolo Caanacvlebs.<br />
14 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
misamarTi: abanos q. N 3<br />
radio „nacnobi“ gepatiJebaT<br />
klubSi „nacnobi“<br />
tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo<br />
cocxali musika
Tvalsazrisi<br />
gundistani<br />
bevri dawerila imaze, rom fexbur-<br />
Ti nacionalizmis dadebiTi, uvnebeli<br />
gamoxatulebaa: ukeTesia datkbe fexburTis<br />
yurebiT, romelsac wesebi da<br />
msajebi aregulireben, vidre am kuTxiT<br />
stadionis gareT gamoxato Tavi.<br />
rac mawuxebs ki isaa, rom gunduri<br />
mentaloba Cvens cxovrebas filtravs.<br />
11 seqtembris teraqtis Semdeg, 2001<br />
wels amerikaSi erTianobis Zlieri gr-<br />
Znoba warmoiSva, romelmac, nawilobriv<br />
amerikis geografiuli mdebareobis<br />
gamo, nawilobriv ki oportunistuli<br />
da agresiuli politikuri liderebis<br />
meSveobiT, gadagvawyvetina, rom<br />
wavsuliyaviT omSi nebismieri<br />
Zalis Tu adamianis winaaRmdeg,<br />
vinc Cvens fsiqologiaSi Tavdamsxmels<br />
Secvlida. Cven amas<br />
suleluri saxeli davarqviT _<br />
„omi terorizmTan“.<br />
gundebi saqarTveloSic Zalian<br />
Zlieria. maxsendeba is<br />
dro, rodesac Cems qarTvel meuRlesa<br />
da me umcrosi Svili gagviCnda. Cemi<br />
meuRlis megobrebi modiodnen mis sanaxavad.<br />
bavSvi ramdenime kviris rom Sesrulda,<br />
ukve gvekiTxebodnen: qarTvelia,<br />
Tu amerikeli? maxsovs, ra ucnauri<br />
iyo CemTvis es impulsi _ Cvili bavSvis<br />
amgvari kategorizacia. sinamdvileSi,<br />
es iyo gundurobis principi.<br />
rodesac pirvelad Camovedi saqar-<br />
TveloSi, 1997 wlis dasawyisSi, xalxi<br />
bevrs saubrobda qarTul erovnul ideologiaze.<br />
Tu saqarTvelo diadi eri da<br />
saxelmwifoa, mas undoda Tavisi saku-<br />
Tari da ara sxvisi ideologia. qarTvelebi<br />
yovelTvis zemodan uyurebdnen im<br />
enebs, romlebsac sakuTari damwerloba<br />
ar gaaCniaT da quCaSi xetiali uwevT<br />
msoflio Cempionatma gundebze damafiqra. gaxarebuli viyavi, rodesac aSS-m alJirs<br />
mougo. Cemi cxovrebis naxevari amerikis gareT gavatare da „mayureblebiani sportis“<br />
mimarT naklebi interesi maqvs, fexburTis mimarT _ yvelaze naklebi. ratom gvizidavs<br />
gundebi?<br />
mark maleni<br />
damwerlobis mosaZebnad, imis nacvlad,<br />
rom Tavidanve mohyveT auTenturi damwerloba.<br />
erTi periodi zogierTebs<br />
ideologiis mimarTac msgavsi grZnobebi<br />
hqondaT. ar hqonda mniSvneloba, es<br />
ideologia saukeTeso iyo, ergeboda Tu<br />
ara realobas da a.S. is unda yofiliyo<br />
mxolod da mxolod Cveni _ qarTuli.<br />
es yvelaferi dakavSirebulia megobrobasTanac.<br />
megobrobis da loialurobis<br />
jaWvebi saqarTveloSi Zalze<br />
mtkicea. megobrebisgan elian, rom isini<br />
aramegobrebs megobrebs arCeven. ra<br />
Tqma unda, amas bneli mxarec aqvs da<br />
xandaxan zedmeti sicxade, riTac<br />
gundebi xelmZRvaneloben, realobas<br />
zedmetad amartivebs, imaze metad,<br />
vidre misi gamartiveba SeiZleba.<br />
bevri adamiani amis gamo cixeSi zis. Tu<br />
megobrebi gexmarebian samsaxuris moZebnaSi,<br />
Wkvianuri xom ar aris, bevri megobari<br />
gyavdes, an erTi da gavleniani,<br />
vidre iswavlo da bejiTad imuSao? swavla<br />
da muSaoba ras mogvitans?<br />
amgvari damokidebuleba politika-<br />
Sic iCens Tavs. bolo xanebamde xelisuflebis<br />
wevrebs mkacrad hqondaT<br />
gansazRvruli, Tu vin iyo maT gundSi.<br />
isini Tvlidnen, rom vinc maT gundSi<br />
ar iyo, mowinaaRmdegeTa gunds mieku-<br />
Tvneboda. erTi kritikuli momenti<br />
sakmarisi iyo, rom vinme gundidan gaegdoT.<br />
bolo xanebSi es situacia, Cemi<br />
azriT, gamosworebis gzazea da amis<br />
mizezi bolo arCevnebSi xelisuflebis<br />
warmatebaa. meore mxriv, arademokra-<br />
tiuli opozicia Tvlis, rom mTavrobis<br />
romelime politikis an gancxadebis<br />
mxardamWeri erTi sityvac ki udris<br />
Ralats da wiTel baraTs opoziciuri<br />
gundisgan.<br />
amas vxedav bevri qarTvelis damokidebulebaSic<br />
amerikis sagareo politikis<br />
mimarT. logika aseTia: „me var<br />
qarTveli, anu antikomunisti, ese igi<br />
antirusi. reigani iyo antikomunisti<br />
da respublikeli. buSi cekvavda abanoTubanSi<br />
da movwondiT, da isic iyo<br />
respublikeli. da vin arian demokratebi?<br />
ras akeTeben saerTod: irCeven vi-<br />
Rac Sav kacs, romlis Sesaxebac<br />
aravis araferi gaugia? isini<br />
raRac damabnevelni arian. ar<br />
iReben bevr suraTs miSasTan<br />
erTad. sakmarisia CemTvis: me<br />
respublikelebis mxares var!<br />
`maRalCinosani yidulobs manqanis<br />
nomers warweriT „makeini“,<br />
rac fufunebis saqonelia.<br />
amerikis politika da mTavrobis wevrebis,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ministrebis, damokidebuleba<br />
mis mimarT ufro rTuli<br />
sakiTxia, vidre stadionze fexburTiT<br />
tkboba.<br />
Cven vaxdendiT Cveni Tavis organizebas<br />
gundebSi, iqidan gamomdinare, rom<br />
varT biologiuri arsebebi. gundebi<br />
saqmes advilad asruleben, magram xandaxan<br />
zedmeti sicxade, riTac gundebi<br />
xelmZRvaneloben, realobas zedmetad<br />
amartivebs, imaze metad, vidre misi gamartiveba<br />
SeiZleba.<br />
unda davrwmundeT, rom es sxvaoba<br />
gundebis xasiaTTan dakavSirebiT kargad<br />
gvesmis.<br />
inglisuridan Targmna giorgi cxadaiam<br />
16 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
interviu<br />
biurokratiam mougo xelisuflebas<br />
interviu Tavisufali universitetis damfuZnebelTan,<br />
kaxa benduqiZesTan<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis yofili ministri da reformatorTa jgufis<br />
xelmZRvaneli kaxa benduqiZe qveynis ekonomikuri politikis Sesaxeb.<br />
gasul wels prezidentma sazogadoebas `ekonomikuri<br />
Tavisuflebis aqti~ warudgina da dahpirda, rom 2011<br />
wlisTvis saqarTveloSi gadasaxadebi daiklebda. axalma<br />
sagadasaxado kodeqsma es perspeqtiva 2013 wlisTvis<br />
gadawia, gaizarda dabegvris arealic. emxrobiT am gadawyvetilebas?<br />
Cemi azriT, gadasaxadebis odenobis sakiTxi Zalian<br />
principulia. arsebobs ori midgoma _ erTi is, rom<br />
biujets rac SeiZleba meti fuli sWirdeba, da meore _<br />
mTavrobam rac SeiZleba mcire Tanxebi unda gankargos.<br />
2004 wlidan rom SevxedoT, CvenTan biujeti sami<br />
faqtoris gamo izrdeboda. pirveli _ Semcirda gadasaxadebi,<br />
ufro legaluri gaxda biznesi da mewarmeebma<br />
gadaxda daiwyes; meore _ korufcia administrirebam Caanacvla<br />
da fuli korumpirebuli biurokratis magivrad<br />
biujetisken wavida, da mesame _ investiciebma laris<br />
kursi gaamyara. Tu gvinda, rom biujeti kidev ufro gaizardos,<br />
axla arsebobs ori gza _ an unda gavzardoT gadasaxadebi<br />
da am gziT mosaxleobidan ufro meti fuli<br />
avkrifoT, an gadasaxadebi ar gavzardoT da gaizardos<br />
ekonomika, rac momavalSi kidev ufro met sagadasaxado<br />
Semosavals Seitans biujetSi.<br />
am ori SesaZlo variantidan Tqven romels aniWebdiT<br />
upiratesobas?<br />
me vTvli, rom dRes sakmarisad didi biujeti gvaqvs.<br />
Tumca, yvela qveyana sxvadasxvanairad udgeba am sakiTxs.<br />
1960 wlis dasawyisSi singapuri iyo wumpe, romelic<br />
axlaxan gaTavisuflda britanelebis jarisgan. maTi<br />
wasvlis Semdeg mosaxleobas darCa yazarmebi da patara<br />
porti. singapuris mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom gadasaxadebi<br />
maqsimalurad mcire hqonoda.<br />
60-ian wlebSi msoflio bankis mier gakeTebuli prognozis<br />
mixedviT, singapurs SeeZlo Srilankas ganviTarebis<br />
donisTvis mieRwia. dRes singapuri Srilankaze<br />
10-jer ufro SeZlebuli qveyanaa. es ar niSnavs, rom singapuris<br />
mTavrobas Secdomebi ar dauSvia, magram dabali<br />
gadasaxadebis efeqtma Secdomebi gadawona.<br />
amerikasa da evropaSi gadasaxadebi 45 wlis winaT<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
erTnairi iyo. magram mere evropaSi SemoiRes damatebi-<br />
Ti Rirebulebis gadasaxadi. viTom didi araferi _ jer<br />
mcire iyo, magram nel-nela gaizarda. dRes sagadasaxado<br />
tvirTi TiTqmis orjer ufro metia evropaSi, vidre amerikaSi.<br />
amerikaSi dRg ar SemouRiaT. am qveynis ekonomika<br />
ufro dinamikurad izrdeba da amerikelebi dRes ufro<br />
mdidrebi arian. ar arsebobs zusti pasuxi _ dRevandeli<br />
kvercxi jobia, Tu xvalindeli qaTami. Tu Zalian gSia,<br />
dRevandeli kvercxia saWiro, magram xvalindeli qaTami<br />
ufro metad fasobs.<br />
moklevadiani efeqtis miRebis mizniT gadasaxadebis<br />
gazrdis politikas, anu dRevandeli kvercxis Wamas,<br />
dabali ekonomikuri zrda mohyveba.<br />
biujetTan erTad gaizarda saministroebis xarjebic. Tqveni<br />
azriT, iyo amis saWiroeba?<br />
17
interviu<br />
vTvli, rom xarjebis gazrda swori ar iyo. es moxda<br />
imitom, rom xelisuflebas mougo biurokratiam.<br />
biurokratiis Secvla SesaZlebelia, mocileba _<br />
ara. Tumca, Secvlac araa martivi saqme. me vTvli, rom<br />
xelisuflebas politikurma krizismac SeuSala xeli.<br />
garkveulwilad gaimarjva dayvavebis ideam. xSirad ase<br />
fiqroben _ biurokratia rom SevamciroT, ewyineba 100<br />
kacs. me ki mgonia, rom mTavaria, ar ewyinos 4 milion<br />
adamians. erTi zedmeti biurokrati niSnavs masTan<br />
muSaobiT gamwarebul minimum 100 kacs da 10 dakargul<br />
samuSao adgils kerZo seqtorSi.<br />
roca ministrad muSaoba daviwye, axali TanamSromlebi<br />
TiTqmis ar amiyvania, magram ekonomikis saministros<br />
da saqveuwyebo dawesebulebebis TanamSromlebi samjer<br />
Sevamcire. movida erTi kargi kaci da mekiTxeba, _ ratom<br />
apirebT Cems gaSvebaso? diliT movdivar, kabinetSi<br />
viketebi, Cemi saqme maqvs, qrTami arasdros amiRia, saministrosTan<br />
kavSiri ar maqvs, me xom arafers vakeTebo?<br />
vuTxari, rom swored amitom vuSvebdi, magram ver gaigo.<br />
mTavroba liberaluri ekonomikuri kursidan gadaxvevas,<br />
rogorc wesi, evrokavSiris rekomendaciebiT xsnis. Tqveni<br />
azriT, ramdenad obieqturia es argumenti?<br />
jer ar varT evropis nawili da sanam suvereniteti<br />
gvaqvs, es upiratesoba unda gamoviyenoT. Tu Cven evropis<br />
nawili gvinda viyoT, maSin sanacvlod, sargebelic<br />
unda vnaxoT.<br />
norvegiis erT-erT premier-ministrs hkiTxes, Tu ra<br />
wyobaa mis qveyanaSi. man upasuxa: `Cven gvaqvs `faqsis<br />
demokratia“ da ase axsna: dadebuli gvaqvs xelSekruleba<br />
evrokavSirTan, rom Cveni kanonmdebloba unda iyos<br />
harmonizebuli. briuselidan modis faqsi, rom miiRes<br />
axali kanoni da is Cvenc unda miviRoT. gadawyvetileba<br />
suverenul qveyanaze ki ar aris damokidebuli, aramed<br />
faqsze.<br />
Cven jer ar gvaqvs am `safaqso demokratiis“ danergvis<br />
valdebuleba. Cveni muSaoba evrokavSirTan unda iyos<br />
merkantiluri, am sityvis yvelaze cinikuri mniSvnelobiT.<br />
kanoni qveyanas ise unda moergos, rogorc adamians _<br />
sakuTari tansacmeli. Tu kanoni iqneba gadmowerili, is<br />
ubralod ver imuSavebs. Cven SeiZleba wavideT daTmobaze,<br />
magram raRac unda miviRoT amis sanacvlod.<br />
SeiZleba Tu ara vTqvaT, rom axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi<br />
evrokavSiris rekomendaciebs moarges?<br />
sagadasaxado kodeqsi ar yofila evrokavSirTan<br />
diskusiis sagani. ZiriTadi motivi gadasaxadis akrefis<br />
administrirebis wesebis gamartiveba iyo. amas daemTxva<br />
biujetis deficitic da axali gadasaxadebis SemoRebis<br />
ideac.<br />
es ori sxvadasxva cvlileba, finansTa saministros<br />
gadawyvetilebiT, erTdroulad moxda. amjobines mTlianad<br />
axali sagadasaxado kodeqsis miReba, sadac orive<br />
faqtori iqneboda gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
pozitiuria, rom Semodis axali midgomebi, magaliTad,<br />
rogoricaa winaswari SeTanxmeba. mewarmes SeuZlia mimarTos<br />
finansTa saministros da misgan miiRos axsna, ra<br />
gadasaxadebi unda gadaixados da rogor. am dokuments<br />
eqneba iuridiuli Zala da sagadasaxado samsaxuri veRar<br />
daajarimebs biznesmens imis gamo, rac winaswari SeTanxmebiT<br />
ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
aseTi gadawyvetilebebi miiRebs normatiul xasiaTs da<br />
yvela mewarmeze erTnairad gavrceldeba, rac aseve win<br />
gadadgmuli nabijia. es reformaa, cxadia.<br />
Cemi azriT, mTavrobis diskrecia sagadasaxado kodeqsSi<br />
ufro metad unda SeizRudos da dakonkretdes,<br />
magram axali midgomebi mainc pozitiuria.<br />
irRveva Tu ara am midgomiT sagadasaxado Tanasworoba?<br />
zogadad me vemxrobi erTgvarovan sistemas, sadac<br />
gadasaxadi yvelasTvis erTnairia.<br />
Cemi azriT, is SeRavaTebi, romelic dawesebulia da<br />
axla uqmdeba, Tavidan ar unda dawesebuliyo, magram ar<br />
vici, ramdenad sworia maTi axla gauqmeba. Cven gvyavs<br />
120 000-ze meti studenti, romlebsac unda avuxsnaT, Tu<br />
ratom unda daibegron.<br />
Cven gvaqvs kerZo da sajaro umaRlesi saswavleblebi.<br />
me is garemoeba mawuxebs, rom SeiZleba sajaro seqtors<br />
es fuli ukan daubrunon, kerZos ki, cxadia, ar daubruneben.<br />
es didi usindisoba iqneba da araTanabari konkurencia<br />
Seiqmneba.<br />
erTi wlis winaT prezidentma saqarTvelos `singapurizacia~<br />
daisaxa miznad. dRevandeli ekonomikuri politikis<br />
da evrokavSiris gavlenis fonze, kvlav xedavT amis SesaZleblobas?<br />
ki, Cven gvaqvs es Sansi. amas, cxadia, bevri mowinaaRmdege<br />
hyavs SigniT Tu gareT, magram sxva gza ar gvaqvs.<br />
principuli sakiTxia. roca Tbilisidan 40 kilometrSi<br />
rusuli tankebi dgas, Tu reformebi ar gavagrZeleT,<br />
aRaravin aRar viqnebiT.<br />
msoflio bankis kvlevebis mixedviT, bolo 50 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi erTdroulad imdeni reforma, ramdenic<br />
saqarTveloSi Catarda, arc erT qveyanaSi ar Catarebula.<br />
bevri sfero, met-naklebi SecdomebiT, magram ZiriTadad<br />
warmatebulad SevcvaleT. am reformebis gagrZelebisTvis<br />
saWiroa Zveli miRwevebis SenarCuneba da axlis ganviTareba.<br />
reformebi aris erTaderTi gza, romelTa meSveobiTac<br />
SeiZleba warmatebuli saqarTvelo SevqmnaT.<br />
esaubra nino gogua<br />
18 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
useTi_aSS<br />
Всем привет! Я в Твиттере<br />
Tamar kakabaZe<br />
Всем привет! Я в Твиттере и это мое<br />
первое сообщение! _ es ruseTis prezidentis<br />
pirveli originaluri postia,<br />
romelic man mikroblog Twitter-ze<br />
sakuTar gverdze datova.<br />
gasul kviras dmitri medvedevis viziti<br />
aSS-Si kaliforniidan, silikonis<br />
velis monaxulebiT daiwyo. ukve<br />
arsebobs proeqti, romlis mixedvi-<br />
Tac, kremli moskovis maxloblad _<br />
skolkovoSi amerikuli silikonis velis<br />
analogis Seqmnas apirebs. es iqneba<br />
gansakuTrebuli ekonomikuri pirobebis<br />
zona, sadac maRali teqnologiebisa<br />
da inovaciebis kompaniebi imuSaveben.<br />
kaliforniaSi stumrobisas medvedevi<br />
Apple-is, Yandex-is, Google-is,<br />
Cisco Systems-is xelmZRvanelebs Sexvda,<br />
Twitter-ze sakuTari gverdi gaixsna,<br />
Apple-is xelmZRvanelisgan axali<br />
iPhone 4 miiRo saCuqrad, sityviT<br />
gamovida stenfordis universitetSi<br />
da barak obamasTan erTad Ray's Hell<br />
Burger-is restoranSi hamburgeri da<br />
Semwvari kartofili miirTva. `didi<br />
xania, ar miWamia hamburgerebi. visauzme<br />
barak obamasTan~, _ dawera man<br />
Twitter-ze.<br />
aSS-Si medvedevs xazgasmulad pompezuri<br />
daxvedra mouwyves. politikuri<br />
komentatorebi amboben, rom `gadatvirTvis~<br />
Rilaki realurad amuSavda<br />
da dadga axali epoqa amerikul-rusul<br />
urTierTobebSi.<br />
Tumca, amerikul-rusul `gadatvir-<br />
Tvas~ am etapze mxolod erTaderTi<br />
sayrdeni aqvs _ uprecedento daTmobebi,<br />
rasac kremli barak obamasgan<br />
iRebs.<br />
medvedevis vizitisas mTavari aqcenti<br />
ekonomikaze gakeTda, rac imas<br />
niSnavs, rom orive qveyanas surs, gamovides<br />
urTierTobaTa im Cixidan, ro-<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
melSic 2008 wels ruseT-saqarTvelos<br />
omis Semdeg aRmoCnda.<br />
Tumca, avtoritarul ruseTTan megobroba,<br />
SesaZloa, obamas Zviri daujdes,<br />
radgan dRes am urTierTobebis<br />
normalizeba mxolod misi daTmobebis<br />
xarjze xdeba.<br />
medvedevis bolo vizitis dros ruseTma<br />
aSS-sgan msoflio savaWro organizaciaSi<br />
gawevrianebisa da skolkovos<br />
SeqmnaSi mxardaWeris piroba miiRo.<br />
amerikelebi rusebs uaxloes teqnologiebsac<br />
ki gauziareben.<br />
kremli bolo dros Zalze ganebivrebulia<br />
TeTri saxlis mxridan daTmobebiT.<br />
manamde aSS-m aRmosavleTevropeli<br />
mokavSireebi gaakvirva, roca<br />
ruseTis nebas dahyva da poloneTsa da<br />
CexeTSi raketsawinaaRmdego Tavdacvis<br />
elementebis ganTavsebaze uari Tqva.<br />
ruseTis mimarT daTmobad aRiqves<br />
ramdenime Tvis win obamas mier saqar-<br />
TvelosTan dakavSirebiT gakeTebuli<br />
gancxadebac. obamam Tqva, rom saqar-<br />
Tvelo aRar iqneba dabrkoleba ruseTaSS-s<br />
urTierTobebSi.<br />
medvedevis aSS-i vizitamde erTi<br />
dRiT adre obamas administraciam<br />
msoflio<br />
dmitri medvedevis da barak obamas Sexvedra, vaSingtoni, 24 ivnisi 2010<br />
kremls kidev erTi saCuqari gaukeTa<br />
_ teroristTa Sav siaSi Seiyvana CeCen<br />
separatistTa lideri doku umarovi.<br />
es gadawyvetileba gansakuTrebiT damafiqrebelia<br />
im fonze, roca oficialuri<br />
vaSingtoni, karga xania, arafers<br />
ambobs ruseTSi adamianis uflebebis<br />
totaluri darRvevis faqtebze.<br />
ra miiRo obamam am daTmobebis sanacvlod?<br />
rogorc eqspertebi amboben,<br />
mxolod umniSvnelo Semxvedri nabijebi:<br />
moskovi aRar moiTxovs SimSilisa<br />
da daSlis piras mdgari yirgizeTidan<br />
amerikuli aviabazis gayvanas da aseve<br />
iranisa da CrdiloeT koreis winaaRmdeg<br />
Zalze zomier sanqciebs dauWers<br />
mxars.<br />
kremli cdilobs, maqsimumi dastyuos<br />
TeTr saxls, romelic Tavis mxriv<br />
mzadaa, maqsimumi gasces.<br />
zedmeti daTmobebiT obamam, Sesa-<br />
Zloa, kidev ufro gaafuWos moskovTan<br />
urTierTobebi. TeTr saxls aviwydeba,<br />
rom ruseTis xelisufleba aSS-sTan<br />
konfrontaciis winaaRmdegi sulac ar<br />
aris. piriqiT, amerika _ rogorc mTavari<br />
gare mteri _ rusuli nacionaluri<br />
ideis nawilia.<br />
19
mezoblebi<br />
CeCneTi<br />
kadirovis arti<br />
ramzan kadirovs ar uyvars Tanamedrove xelovneba. respublikaSi, sadac<br />
sulier-zneobrivi da patriotuli aRzrda mimdinareobs, rokerebs, reperebs,<br />
abstraqcionistebsa da modernistebs ar aWaWaneben.<br />
laura hasanova<br />
rac dro gadis, CeCneTSi sul ufro<br />
irRveva adamianis uflebebi. kadirovi,<br />
romelsac saxlSi katis nacvlad<br />
vefxvi hyavs, respublikas veluri me-<br />
TodebiT marTavs. adamianis uflebaTa<br />
damcvelebi mas adamianTa gatacebebSi,<br />
wamebasa da mkvlelobebSi adanaSauleben.<br />
misi tirania maTac Seexo, visac<br />
arc boevikebTan, arc politikasTan<br />
saerTo araferi aqvT _ xelovan xalxs.<br />
kadirovi religiur ojaxSi, CeCnuri<br />
tradiciebiT gaizarda. dRes<br />
CeCneTis prezidenti ramzan kadirovi nacionaluri cekvis Sesrulebisas, grozno, 2010<br />
igi CeCneTSi araTu mouwodebs xalxs<br />
islamis kanonebiT icxovron, aramed<br />
saxelmwifo am tradiciebs ubralod<br />
akanonebs da savaldebulos xdis.<br />
`demokratia, romelsac dRes evropa<br />
Tavs gvaxvevs, ruseTs ar sWirdeba.<br />
unda vibrZoloT imisTvis, rom Cvenma<br />
momavalma Taobebma ... sakuTari faseulobebi<br />
ar dakargon~, _ ganacxada<br />
CeCneTis prezidentma 17 ivniss `ruseTis<br />
axali ambebis samsaxurTan~ interviuSi.<br />
2008 wlidan, roca CeCneTSi metnaklebi<br />
stabiluroba damyarda, kadirovi<br />
kulturuli teroriT iqcevs<br />
Tavs.<br />
magaliTad, respublikaSi koncertis<br />
gamarTvis ufleba ar aqvT rok<br />
da rep musikis CeCen Semsruleblebs.<br />
xolo Tanamedrove cekvebi, vTqvaT,<br />
hip-hopi, aq CeCnuri tradiciebis Ralatad<br />
miiCneva.<br />
`axla koncertebs mxolod bavSvebi<br />
ki ara, xanSi Sesuli adamianebic sia-<br />
20 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
movnebiT daeswrebian~, _ amayad acxadeben<br />
kadirovis mTavrobis wevrebi.<br />
imisTvis, rom CeCneTSi simReris<br />
ufleba moipovo, sagangebo feis-kontroli<br />
unda gaiaro. ukve ori welia,<br />
CeCeni momRerlebi mxolod mkacri,<br />
tradiciuli samosiT gamodian. qalebi<br />
valdebulni arian, scenaze Tavdaburulebi<br />
iyvnen.<br />
simRera mxolod CeCnur enaze Sei-<br />
Zleba. rusulad mxolod maSin mRerian,<br />
Tu moskovidan delegacia Cadis.<br />
Tavidan es akrZalvebi saxelmwifo<br />
filarmoniis xelmZRvanelobam Semoi-<br />
Ro, Semdeg kulturis saministromac<br />
aitaca. kulminacia iyo CeCneTis prezidentis<br />
televiziiT gamosvla, rodesac<br />
man momRerlebs miuTiTa, ra<br />
unda Caicvan da rogori simRerebi<br />
imReron.<br />
es wesebi Zalian awuxebs axalgazrdebs,<br />
romlebic, marTalia, sakuTari<br />
azris xmamaRla gamoxatvas ver bedaven,<br />
magram ar uSveben mcire Sanssac<br />
ki, rom respublika datovon.<br />
bevri axalgazrda, romelic adre<br />
roks mReroda, an Tanamedrove arti<br />
ainteresebda, iZulebuli gaxda, sxva<br />
saqme moeZebna. zogma ambiciebi daTmo<br />
da axal tendenciebs moergo.<br />
dRes CeCneTSi moduria ramzan kadirovze,<br />
mis dedaze, mamasa da vaJze<br />
simRerebis Seqmna.<br />
momRerali ali abdusalimovi, romelic<br />
CeCneTSi erT dros cnobili<br />
rok-momRerali iyo, Taviseburi<br />
varcxnilobiTa da Cacmis maneriT,<br />
bolos televiziiT 2009 wels, gadacema<br />
`gulwrfel saubarSi~ gamoCnda.<br />
gadacemaSi monawile erT-erTma stumarma<br />
mas agresiulad Seutia: `ratom<br />
ar asruleb xalxur simRerebs da am<br />
dasavlur stils ratom ar iSoreb?~<br />
rogorc kadirovi ambobs, dRes<br />
scenaze `manWva~ ar aris miRebuli.<br />
abdusalimovi da misi megobrebi, ukve<br />
ori welia, arsad Canan.<br />
kadirovis wesebi marto momRerlebze<br />
rodi vrceldeba. igive kriteriumebi<br />
moqmedebs, magaliTad,<br />
arqiteqtorebzec. yvela samSeneblo<br />
proeqts piradad kadirovi amtkicebs.<br />
roca kadirovs momavali Tanamedrove<br />
sastumros _ `kavkazis~ maketi<br />
miutanes, man haerSi xeliT naxevrad<br />
mrgvali saxuravi ganasaxiera: `am sastumros<br />
zemodan gumbaTi unda daedgas,<br />
rom Senobas ufro islamuri ieri<br />
mieces~, _ uTxra prezidentma arqiteqtors.<br />
kadirovis gemovnebaSi ar Cajda<br />
axalgazrdul saqmeTa komitetis SenobasTan<br />
wlebis win damontaJebuli<br />
uzarmazari Sadrevani, romelic<br />
TeTr da cisfer ferebSi iyo gadawyvetili.<br />
es Sadrevani yabardoeli arqiteqtoris<br />
proeqtiT aSenda da Zalian<br />
didxans igeboda. qvis uzarmazari<br />
lodi naxevari weliwadi xsnariT<br />
muSavdeboda da irandeboda, myinvaris<br />
forma rom mieRo. Tanamedrove<br />
stiliT Sesrulebuli es Sadrevani<br />
irgvliv mdgari nacrisferi nagebobebisgan<br />
mkveTrad gamoirCeoda da<br />
groznoelebs mis fonze fotoebis<br />
gadaReba uyvardaT.<br />
erT mSvenier dRes qalaqis merma<br />
Sadrevnis aRebis brZaneba gasca,<br />
radgan, misi TqmiT, respublikaSi<br />
tradiciuli koSkebiT, arwivebiT da<br />
bunebrivi mTis qvebiT damSvenebuli<br />
Sadrevnebi unda daidgas. es Sadrevanic<br />
gasuli wlis bolos gaaqres.<br />
mezoblebi<br />
`raRac gaurkveveli formis da Sinaarsis<br />
skulpturebs da naxatebs ar<br />
jobia Cveni lamazi buneba vxatoT?~<br />
_ Tqva erTxel ramzan kadirovma teleeTeriT.<br />
am sityvebis Semdeg erT-erTi CeCeni<br />
mxatvari gogonasTvis, romelsac Tavisi<br />
vinaobis gamxela ar surs, yvela<br />
gamofenis kari daiketa. `Cemi stilia<br />
kubizmi, magram naxatebis gamofenas<br />
mikrZalaven. Tavad mikveTaven ra davxato<br />
_ magaliTad, axali meCeTi (es<br />
meCeTi ramzan kadirovma Tavisi mamis<br />
_ axmadis pativsacemad aaSena)~, _ ambobs<br />
mxatvari.<br />
CeCneTSi moskovis `fabrika zviozdis~<br />
analogiuri proeqti daiwyes,<br />
sadac axalbeda momRerlebi erTmaneTs<br />
ejibrebian. aq mxolod CeCnur<br />
enaze mRerian. monawile gogonebs er-<br />
Tnairi kabebi acviaT da Tavsafrebi<br />
axuravT.<br />
am cvlilebebis Semxedvare yvela<br />
Tanxmdeba, rom ramzan kadirovma CeCneTi<br />
rusuli samarTlebrivi da kulturuli<br />
sferodan gaiyvana. SeuZlebelia,<br />
kremli amas ver xedavdes.<br />
cxadia, yvelam icis, ra respublikas<br />
aSenebs kadirovi, magram moskovSi<br />
amaze Tvals xuWaven, imitom rom mxo-<br />
ruseTTan urTierTobebis `gadatvirTviT~ aRtyinebuli aSS, marTalia, CeCen savele<br />
meTaurs doku umarovs saerTaSoriso teroristad acxadebs, magram amave dros<br />
gulgrilad xuWavs Tvals tiranze, romelic CeCneTis moqmedi prezidentia.<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
lod kadirovia is adamiani, visac<br />
dRes CeCneTSi moCvenebiTi, fasaduri<br />
stabilurobis SenarCuneba SeuZlia.<br />
cxadia, es yvelaferi ician dasavleTSic,<br />
Tumca ruseTTan urTierTobebis<br />
`gadatvirTviT~ aRtyinebuli<br />
aSS, marTalia, CeCen separatistTa<br />
liders doku umarovs saerTaSoriso<br />
teroristad acxadebs, magram amave<br />
dros gulgrilad xuWavs Tvals tiranze,<br />
romelic CeCneTis moqmedi<br />
prezidentia.<br />
21
mezoblebi<br />
sabWoTa warsuli ukrainaSi<br />
stalini ukrainaSi<br />
ukrainis industriul qalaqSi sabWoTa beladis Zegli aRmarTes. azrTa<br />
sxvadasxvaoba, rac <strong>stalinis</strong> qandakebis inauguracias mohyva, kidev erTxel<br />
warmoaCens gansxvavebas ukrainis nacionalistur dasavleTsa da prorusul<br />
aRmosavleTs Soris.<br />
meTiu qolini, zaporoJie, ukraina<br />
Suaxnis mamakaci Tavisi gmiris<br />
monumentisken kibeebs miuyveba,<br />
piedestalTan TeTri yvavilebis<br />
Taiguls debs, pativiscemis niSnad,<br />
Tavs xris da erTxans ase mdumared<br />
yovndeba im kacis Zeglis winaSe,<br />
romelsac uamravi adamiani uwodebs<br />
istoriaSi yvelaze sastik diqtators.<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> metalis figura, beladis<br />
cnobili CibuxiT, pirveli<br />
Zeglia, romelic ukrainaSi aTwleulebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi aRmarTes.<br />
SeiZleba, qandakeba zomiT mcire<br />
iyos, magram im fonze, rom sakuTar<br />
istoriaze ukrainaSi isedac bevrs<br />
davoben, <strong>stalinis</strong> Zegli polemikis<br />
mizezi mainc gaxda.<br />
Tumca, gaxarebuli iyo kaci, romelmac<br />
belads TeTri Taiguli<br />
usaxsovra. `stalinma grandiozuli<br />
imperia aaSena da sabWoTa kav-<br />
Sirs meore msoflio omSi gamarjveba<br />
moupova, _ amtkicebda is, _<br />
CemTvis stalini yvela droisa da<br />
eris udidesi figuraa, _ Tqva man, _<br />
msoflio istoriaSi is pirveli kacia.<br />
zogi ambobs, _ stalins Secdomac<br />
bevri hqondao, _ magram ara,<br />
stalins mTeli cxovrebis manZilze<br />
arc erTi Secdoma ar dauSvia.<br />
yoveli misi gadawyvetileba uzado<br />
iyo~.<br />
Semdeg man amayad gvaCvena saku-<br />
Tari partbileTi, romelzec saxelis<br />
grafaSi ewera: `georgi<br />
stalini~. beladis siyvaruliT am<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> qandakeba zaporoJieSi, ukraina<br />
22 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
ukrainels gvari hqonda gadakeTebuli.<br />
saqarTveloSi <strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis<br />
aRebis Sesaxeb debatebi didxans gr-<br />
Zeldeboda, magram ukrainaSi sabWo-<br />
Ta diqtatoris Zeglis aRmarTvaSi<br />
komunistebisTvis oficialur<br />
struqturebs xeli ar SeuSliaT.<br />
inauguraciis ceremoniali ukrainis<br />
industriul qalaq zaporoJieSi<br />
maisSi gaimarTa. komunisturi partiis<br />
asobiT mxardamWeri sazeimod<br />
afrialebda wiTel almebs, ismend-<br />
nen sabWoTa himnsa da <strong>stalinis</strong> gamosvlebis<br />
Canawerebs.<br />
`is ubadlo iyo, _ ganacxada zaporoJies<br />
komunisturi partiis<br />
wevrma aleqsandr zubCevskim, _ CamorCenil<br />
qveyanas Caudga saTaveSi<br />
da roca midioda, ukve birTvuli<br />
iaraRi gvqonda~.<br />
Tumca, zaporoJies danarCeni<br />
mosaxleoba <strong>stalinis</strong> Zeglis aRmarTvam<br />
saSinlad gaaRiziana. `Tavisuflebis~<br />
partiis aqtivistma,<br />
vitali podlobnikovma Zeglis<br />
inauguracias kriminali uwoda. `es<br />
igivea, israelSi anda germaniaSi<br />
hitleris qandakeba rom aRmarTo.<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> reJims Cemi ojaxis eqvsi<br />
wevri Seewira~, _ Tqva man.<br />
1930-ian wlebSi masobriv SimSilobas,<br />
romelic ukrainaSi `golodomoris~<br />
saxeliTaa cnobili,<br />
ramdenime milioni adamiani<br />
emsxverpla. SimSilobis gamomwvevi<br />
mizezi <strong>stalinis</strong> politika iyo soflis<br />
meurneobis sferoSi. es istoriuli<br />
faqti is sakiTxia, romelic<br />
kidev erTxel warmoaCens gansxvavebas<br />
ukrainis nacionalistur dasavleTsa<br />
da prorusul aRmosavleTs<br />
Soris. zogierT ukrainels, yofili<br />
prezidentis viqtor iuSCenkos Ca-<br />
TvliT, sjera, rom masobrivi Sim-<br />
Siloba sabWoTa mmarTvelobis mier<br />
oficialurad sanqcirebuli genocidi<br />
iyo. Tumca, qveynis axalma,<br />
prorusulma liderma viqtor ianukoviCma<br />
ganacxada, rom marTalia,<br />
<strong>stalinis</strong> `totalitaruli reJimia~<br />
SimSilobaze pasuxismgebeli, magram<br />
es iyo ubralod tragedia, romelmac<br />
ramdenime sabWoTa respublika<br />
daazarala da amitom genocidis<br />
klasifikacia am SemTxvevas ar unda<br />
mieces.<br />
vladimir tkaCuki rva wlis iyo,<br />
roca 1932 wlis SimSiloba daiwyo.<br />
naTesavebi Tvalwin ukvdeboda da<br />
dRes ambobs, rom am saSinel mogonebebs<br />
stalinsa da sabWoTa reJims<br />
arasdros apatiebs. yovel dilas<br />
mis sofels cxenebSebmuli furgoni<br />
daivlida xolme, orRobeebi gvamebisgan<br />
rom gaewminda da saWmlis<br />
ZiebaSi gardacvlili ukrainelebis<br />
cxedrebi saZmo sasaflaoze gadaetana.<br />
`ar arsebobda ojaxi, romelmac<br />
im periodSi erTi wevri mainc ar<br />
dakarga~, _ ambobs tkaCuki. magram<br />
kidev ufro Semzaravi iyo uWmelobisgan<br />
SeSlili adamianebis cqera,<br />
romlebic kaciWamiebad qceuliyvnen.<br />
tkaCuks axsovs aseTi faqtic,<br />
Tu rogor Sevida erTi patara biWi<br />
mezoblis saxlSi, ukan ki cocxali<br />
aRar gamosula.<br />
`axlos rom mivediT, vnaxeT, rom<br />
saxlis kedlebi da Weri sisxliT<br />
iyo moTxvrili, _ hyveba tkaCuki,<br />
_ vnaxeT, naWrebad akepili biWis<br />
sxeulic, romelic im ojaxs qileb-<br />
Si hqonda Senaxuli. erT-erTi qila<br />
ukve gaexsnaT da moexarSaT kidec.<br />
mezoblebi<br />
qali iyo is, vinc biWi moxarSa da<br />
Wama~.<br />
ukrainis dedaqalaqSi, sabWoTa<br />
okupaciis muzeumSi, tkaCukisa da<br />
misi Tanamemamuleebis msgavsi mogonebebi<br />
inaxeba. muzeums uZRveba<br />
istorikosi roman kruciki, romelmac<br />
ukrainaSi sabWoTa reJimis danaSaulebaTa<br />
kvlevas wlebi Sealia.<br />
is dRes okupaciis muzeums saku-<br />
Tari pensiiT afinansebs, radgan<br />
Segnebulad ambobs uars yovelgvar<br />
samTavrobo subsidiaze. miuxedavad<br />
`ukrainelma komunistebma <strong>stalinis</strong> qandakebis aRmarTva mas Semdeg gabedes, rac<br />
ukrainas saTaveSi prorusuli mTavroba Caudga. kremlma SeiZleba ianukoviCis<br />
mTavroba aiZulos, okupaciis muzeumis daxurvis brZaneba gaices~.<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
imisa, rom es dawesebuleba gacilebiT<br />
pataraa, vidre Tbilisis sabWoTa<br />
okupaciis muzeumi, romlis<br />
koleqciaSic represiebis dros<br />
Sublgaxvretili adamianebis Tavis<br />
qalebic Sedis, am adgilas mainc<br />
STambeWdavad cocxldeba komunisturi<br />
epoqis represiebis Semzaravi<br />
qronikebi.<br />
kruciki darwmunebulia, rom<br />
ukrainelma komunistebma <strong>stalinis</strong><br />
qandakebis aRmarTva mas Semdeg<br />
gabedes, rac ukrainas saTaveSi<br />
prorusuli mTavroba Caudga. is<br />
SiSobs, rom kremlma SeiZleba ianukoviCis<br />
mTavroba aiZulos, misi<br />
muzeumis daxurvis brZaneba gaices.<br />
Tumca, muzeumis mmarTveli imaSic<br />
darwmunebulia, rom sabWoTa beladis<br />
reputaciis aRdgenis yoveli<br />
mcdeloba ukrainaSi marcxiT dasruldeba.<br />
`rogorc unda scadon warsulis<br />
miCqmalva, simarTle mainc izeimebs,<br />
_ ambobs is, _ <strong>stalinis</strong> mier Cadenil<br />
danaSaulebs verasdros daviviwyebT.<br />
mudam gvemaxsovreba is milionobiT<br />
adamianic, romlebic mis<br />
mmarTvelobas Seewirnen, gansaku-<br />
TrebiT ki _ ukrainaSi~.<br />
23
konfliqtebi<br />
afxazeTi<br />
afxazebi rusul fuls ar Tmoben<br />
10 miliardi rubli is Temaa, sadac afxazebma ruseTTan ar daTmes.<br />
inal xaSigi, soxumi<br />
sergei baRafSi<br />
afxazeTis prezidenti sergei baRafSi<br />
mosaxleobas sensaciur dapirebas aZlevs.<br />
misi TqmiT, Zalian male igi respublikaSi<br />
korufcias daamarcxebs.<br />
afxazeTSi, sadac korufcia ise yvavis,<br />
rogorc vardisferi oleandri gazafxulze,<br />
baRafSis danapirebis cota<br />
vinmes sjera.<br />
`saxelmwifo Cinovnikebis mxridan fulis<br />
gamoZalvis nebismier faqtTan dakavSirebiT<br />
maSinve darekeT prezidentis<br />
an premier-ministris misaRebSi. ar aris<br />
aucilebeli vinaobis dasaxeleba. nebismier<br />
zarze maSinve movaxdenT reagirebas~,<br />
_ ganacxada afxazeTis prezidentma<br />
sergei baRafSma televiziiT.<br />
man aseve aRniSna, rom amJamad mowmdeba<br />
informacia imis Taobaze, rom privatizaciis<br />
fondi, mcire da saSualo<br />
biznesis ganviTarebisTvis specialuri<br />
kreditebis gacemis sanacvlod, mosaxleobisgan<br />
qrTams iRebda.<br />
`Seiqmneba efeqturi kontrolis sistema,<br />
raTa saxelmwifos mier biznesis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis gamoyofili Tanxebi<br />
miznobrivad daixarjos~, _ Tqva prezidentma.<br />
bolo erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi es gaxldaT<br />
baRafSis meore gancxadeba, sadac<br />
igi korufciasTan brZolaze saubrobda.<br />
arada, wina wlebSi am problemis arsebobas<br />
xelisufleba hipoTetur donezec ki<br />
ar aRiarebda.<br />
ra aris am uecari gamofxizlebis mizezi?<br />
afxaz Cinovnikebs qrTamis aReba erTi<br />
Tvis win ki ar uswavliaT. am praqtikas<br />
isini wina wlebSic aqtiurad mimarTavdnen<br />
da sakuTar finansur keTildReobas<br />
iqmnidnen. Tanac `samuSao~ pirobebi idealuri<br />
iyo _ araviTari riski. mezobel<br />
ruseTSi, romelic aseve Caflulia korufciaSi,<br />
asea Tu ise, zogjer SeiZleba<br />
vinme daiWiron, patimrobis realuri<br />
24 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
vada miusajon, moparuli qoneba CamoarTvan.<br />
afxazeTSi arasodes araferi msgavsi<br />
ar momxdara.<br />
yvelaze didi, risac xelmrud Cinovniks<br />
unda eSinodes, samsaxuridan daTxovnaa.<br />
da sasjelis es `umaRlesi zomac~<br />
mxolod Zalze gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi<br />
gamoiyeneboda.<br />
cali xelis TiTebia sakmarisi im Cinovnikebis<br />
CamosaTvlelad, romlebsac<br />
ar gaumarTlaT da saSovars moswyvites.<br />
albaT baRafSi manamdec saqmis kursSi<br />
iyo Tavisi xelqveiTebis sisusteebis Taobaze<br />
(is xom arc mefe-batonia da arc<br />
amxanagi stalini, adgilobriv darRvevebze<br />
rom araferi icodes), magram am<br />
procesisTvis xelis SesaSlelad araviTar<br />
Zalisxmevas ar iyenebda. albaT,<br />
acnobierebda imasac, rom yvela mniSvnelovan<br />
sferoSi seriozuli reformebis<br />
<strong>gareSe</strong>, situaciis kardinalurad Secvla<br />
SeuZlebelia.<br />
am reformebisTvis ki baRafSi mzad<br />
arasodes yofila. miuxedavad misi bolo<br />
Tvis ritorikisa, revoluciuri cvlilebebisTvis<br />
mzadyofnis niSnebi arc<br />
axla etyoba.<br />
baRafSma icis, rom es sarisko TamaSia.<br />
Tu korufciasTan brZolas igi marTlac<br />
daapirebs, maSin gardauvlad mouwevs,<br />
daupirispirdes usindisod gamdidrebul,<br />
TiTqos safuariT gaberil biurokratiul<br />
aparats; Tanac, warmatebis<br />
yovelgvari garantiis <strong>gareSe</strong>.<br />
arada, baRafSi revolucioneri politikosi<br />
sruliad ar aris. misi lozungia<br />
stabiluri ganviTareba. garda amisa, is<br />
momaval saprezidento arCevnebze ukve<br />
veRar iyris kenWs.<br />
ase rom, ra azri aqvs saxifaTo kampaniaSi<br />
Cabmas? aramarto xelisuflebis<br />
kritikosebma, Tavad xelisuflebamac<br />
mSvenivrad icis, rom korufciasTan<br />
brZolaSi misi maqsimumi dRes ndobis<br />
telefonebis amuSavebaa. an axals ras<br />
ityvis anonimuri zaris avtori? iseTs<br />
verafers, rac satelefono xazis meore<br />
boloSi ar ician.<br />
baRafSis iniciativiT dawyebuli korufciasTan<br />
`brZolis~ saTaveebi ufro<br />
sagareo faqtorSi unda veZeboT. naxevar<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
weliwadze metia, respublikis xelisufleba<br />
daZabul molaparakebebs awarmoebs<br />
kremlTan, imasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
Tu vin unda gaakontrolos ruseTidan<br />
afxazeTSi Semosuli finansuri daxmareba.<br />
laparakia sakmaod did fulze. ruseTma<br />
valdebuleba aiRo, uaxloesi sami<br />
wlis manZilze afxazeTs 10 miliardi<br />
rubli (600 milioni lari) gamouyos.<br />
moskovis survili iyo, regionuli ganviTarebis<br />
saministros calke direqcia<br />
Seeqmna da Semdeg am direqcias piradad<br />
gaekontrolebina afxazeTSi gagzavnili<br />
Tanxebis xarjva.<br />
bunebrivia, es gegma afxazeTSi Zalian<br />
ar moewonaT. jer erTi, es iqneboda<br />
pirdapiri da yvelaze mokle gza <strong>gareSe</strong><br />
qveynis mier afxazeTis srulad marTvisa;<br />
da meorec _ afxazur biurokratias,<br />
ukve didi xania, dalagebuli aqvs gegmebi<br />
imis Taobaze, rogor aiTvisos aseTi<br />
soliduri daxmareba. es is SemTxvevaa,<br />
rodesac nacionaluri interesebi aranairad<br />
ar ewinaaRmdegeba piraduls.<br />
sabolood, qveynis SigniT sayovelTao<br />
mxardaWeriT gaTamamebulma da patriotuli<br />
motivaciiT zurggamagrebulma<br />
afxazma Cinovnikebma, romlebic molaparakebebSi<br />
monawileobdnen, kremls<br />
gaafTrebuli winaaRmdegoba gauwies:<br />
bolo ori welia, maT aseTi simtkice ar<br />
gamouvleniaT.<br />
ruseTis mxridan afxazeTis saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
aRiarebis Semdeg, madlierebis<br />
niSnad, oficialurma soxumma bevr<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovan sakiTxSi dauTmo<br />
moskovs. maT Soris _ sazRvris erToblivi<br />
dacvis, samxedro TanamSromlobis<br />
sakiTxebSi, rac qveynis erovnul interesebs<br />
azaralebda.<br />
yvelaze principuli soxumi maSin<br />
aRmoCnda, roca saqme fulis aTvisebasa<br />
da kontrols Seexo. am saqmeSi kremlTan<br />
SeTanxmeba afxazeTma ar isurva.<br />
rogorc ityvian, _ `celi qvas moxvda~.<br />
premier-ministrma sergei Sambam Tavis<br />
bolo preskonferenciaze Riad ganacxada<br />
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT xelisuflebis<br />
poziciis Sesaxeb.<br />
`gaTvaliswinebuli iyo regionuli<br />
konfliqtebi<br />
ganviTarebis saministrosTan arsebuli<br />
rusuli direqciis Camoyalibeba, romelsac<br />
faqtobrivad unda emarTa Semosuli<br />
fuladi saxsrebi. Cven amas kategoriulad<br />
vewinaaRmdegebodiT, radgan<br />
vTqviT, rom Cven ruseTis regioni ar<br />
varT. ruseTis federaciis regionuli<br />
ganviTarebis saministro Cven nacvlad<br />
ar unda wyvetdes, ra da rogor davxarjoT.<br />
gvyavs mTavroba, romelic mzadaa<br />
TanamSromlobisTvis. magram Tavad gadavwyvetT,<br />
sad da rogor mivmarToT es<br />
saxsrebi da rogor vakontroloT. vnaxeT,<br />
Tu rogori uTanxmoeba gamoiwvia<br />
samxreT oseTSi msgavsi direqciis mier<br />
analogiuri proeqtebis ganxorcielebam,<br />
da aseTi Sedegi sruliad ar gvWirdeba.<br />
ar gvinda, igive gavimeoroT. Cven<br />
sakuTari midgoma gvaqvs. sakiTxi ise<br />
gadawydeba, rogorc Cven vTavazobdiT.<br />
fuli gamogzavnon, da am proeqtebs Tavad<br />
mivxedavT~, _ ganacxada mTavrobis<br />
xelmZRvanelma.<br />
Tumca, samxreTosuri precedenti<br />
mxolod soxumisTvis ki ara, kremlis-<br />
Tvisac mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebaa.<br />
marTalia, kokoiTi rusuli daxmarebis<br />
miTvisebaSi regionuli ganviTarebis saministros<br />
rezidentebs adanaSaulebs,<br />
magram isini Tavis mxriv imave danaSaul-<br />
Si swored kokoiTis da mis garemocvas<br />
sdeben brals.<br />
savaraudod, istoria ganmeordeba<br />
afxazeTSic. moskovi Seecdeba, cxinvalis<br />
msgavsad, soxumis Sida saqmeebSic<br />
Caerios. misi oficialuri argumenti<br />
igive iqneba, rac samxreT oseTSia _ ruseTisgan<br />
miRebuli daxmarebis aramiznobrivad<br />
xarjva.<br />
albaT swored rusuli fulis molodins<br />
ukavSirdeba afxazeTis xelisuflebis<br />
mxridan korufciasTan brZolis uecari<br />
survili.<br />
statia momzadebulia hainrih biolis fondis<br />
mxardaWeriT. am publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli<br />
Sexedulebebi da mosazrebebi ar aris<br />
aucilebeli, gamoxatavdes hainrih biolis<br />
fondis Sexedulebebs.<br />
25
ilustracia serga nemsiwveriZe<br />
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />
narkotikebis tranziti<br />
saqarTvelos<br />
narkotikuli respublika<br />
saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad 2,4 tona heroini iyideba,<br />
saidanac narkorealizatorebi minimum 700-milionian mogebas naxuloben.<br />
2 wlis manZilze ki policiam mxolod 18 kilogrami heroini amoiRo.<br />
nana nasyidaSvili, studia `monitori“. werili dafinansebulia evrokomisiis mier<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisa<br />
da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis<br />
saxelmwifo departamentis<br />
narkotikebTan brZolis biuros<br />
monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi 240<br />
aTasidan 350 aTasamde narkomania,<br />
xolo somxeTSi _ 160 aTasi, azerbaijanSi<br />
_ 20 aTasi, yazaxeTSi ki _<br />
25 aTasi.<br />
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros<br />
analitikuri departamentis<br />
ufrosi miiCnevs, rom saqar-<br />
Tvelos SemTxvevaSi, cifri cota<br />
gazviadebulia: „zusti statistikuri<br />
monacemebi ar arsebobs, imitom,<br />
rom narkomanebi sajarod ar<br />
amboben narkomani varo~, _ ambobs<br />
SoTa utiaSvili, romlis varaudiT,<br />
26 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
saqarTveloSi narkomanTa raodenoba<br />
250 aTasis farglebSia.<br />
saqarTvelo _ heroinis<br />
satranzito qveyana<br />
2009 wlis seqtemberSi gaerTianebuli<br />
erebis organizaciis narkotikebTan<br />
da danaSaulTan brZolis<br />
ganyofilebam avRanuri heroinis<br />
msoflios masStabiT gavrcelebis<br />
sakiTxze moxseneba gaavrcela. mas-<br />
Si aRniSnulia, rom yovelwliurad<br />
evropaSi, saqarTvelos gavliT, 7<br />
tona heroini Sedis, xolo mTlianad<br />
samxreTi kavkasiis qveynebidan _ 11<br />
tona.<br />
gaero-s moxsenebaSi heroinis mo-<br />
Zraobis marSrutebi detaluradaa<br />
ganxiluli. avRanuri warmoSobis<br />
narkotiki saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad<br />
ori gziT xvdeba.<br />
pirveli: avRaneTi _ irani _ azerbaijani<br />
_ saqarTvelo da meore:<br />
avRaneTi _ TurqmeneTi _ azerbaijani<br />
_ saqarTvelo. am gzebidan ZiriTadi<br />
iranis marSrutia, saidanac<br />
regionSi yovelwliurad 9 tona heroini<br />
SemoaqvT.<br />
saqarTveloSi heroini ZiriTadad<br />
wiTeli xidis gavliT xvdeba da fo-<br />
Tis portidan bornebiT evropisken<br />
igzavneba.<br />
gaero-s moxsenebaSi miTiTebulia,<br />
rom foTidan bulgareTisken mimavali<br />
narkotranzitis gza SedarebiT<br />
axalia. narkogadazidvebis es axali<br />
marSruti, romelic 2007-2008 wlebSi<br />
gaizarda, bolomde gamokvleuli<br />
ar aris.<br />
saqarTvelos pirdapiri saborne<br />
mimosvla aqvs ukrainis iliCevskis<br />
portTan da bulgareTis burgasis<br />
portTan. saqarTvelodan gasul<br />
bornebs heroini swored am portebSi<br />
CaaqvT. mezobeli qveynebis Zalovan<br />
struqturebs heroinis didi<br />
partiebi sazRvarze araerTxel<br />
daukavebiaT.<br />
2008 wlis 16 dekembers BostonHerald.com-ma<br />
informacia gaavrcela,<br />
romlis mixedviTac, bulgareTSi<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
mesazRvreebma satvirTo manqanebSi<br />
damaluli 400 kilogrami heroini<br />
amoiRes. manqanebi bulgareTSi fo-<br />
Tis portidan borniT Caitanes.<br />
analogiuri SemTxveva ukrainaSic<br />
moxda. iliCevskis portSi 105 kilogrami<br />
heroini ipoves. narkotikebi<br />
ukrainaSic foTis portidan moxvda.<br />
informacia ukrainis saxelmwifo<br />
sasazRvro samsaxuris oficialurma<br />
veb-gverdma 2007 wlis 29 noembers<br />
gaavrcela.<br />
2007 wels ukrainaSi saqarTvelodan<br />
heroinis didi partiis Catanis<br />
es ukve meore SemTxveva iyo. pirveli<br />
23 ivliss dafiqsirda. maSin foTis<br />
portidan gasuli 174,5 kilogrami<br />
narkotikis kontrabanda daakaves.<br />
saqarTvelodan iliCevskis portSi<br />
Sesul gemze narkotiki didxans eZebes.<br />
yvelaferi Seamowmes, magram heroinis<br />
povna mxolod ZaRlis saSualebiT<br />
SeZles. eqspertebi amboben,<br />
rom sabaJoze gawvrTnili ZaRlebis<br />
yola narkotranzitTan sabrZolvelad<br />
Cveni qveynisTvis aucilebelia.<br />
`am etapze Semosavlebis samsaxurs<br />
kinologiuri ganyofileba ar gaaCnia<br />
da Sesabamisad, ar gvyavs gawvr-<br />
Tnili ZaRlebi, romlebsac narkotikebis<br />
mosaZebnad gamoviyenebdiT~,<br />
_ aRniSna sabaJo kontrolis sammar-<br />
Tvelos ufrosma giga xvindiam.<br />
heroinis transportirebisTvis<br />
trailerebs iyeneben, maT saerTa-<br />
Soriso satranzito niSani TIR aqvT<br />
da sabaJoze rentgeno-skaneris meSveobiT<br />
SerCeviT amowmeben. `Cven<br />
gvaqvs specialuri riskis marTvis<br />
programa, romliTac iseT tvirTebs<br />
vavlenT, romlebsac sariskod<br />
vTvliT da am SemTxvevaSi vaxdenT an<br />
dokumentur, an fizikur Semowmebas.<br />
ori wlis win daviwyeT am tvirTebis<br />
rentgeno-skanerebiT Semowmebac~, _<br />
aRniSna giga xvindiam.<br />
2 wlis manZilze policiam 18 kilo<br />
heroini amoiRo<br />
gaero-s garda, saqarTveloSi arsebuli<br />
narkotrefikis problemis<br />
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />
Sesaxeb kidev erTi mniSvnelovani<br />
dokumenti 2008 wels amerikis SeerTebuli<br />
Statebis narkotikebTan<br />
brZolis biurom gamosca. am monacemebze<br />
dayrdnobiT advili gamosaangariSebelia,<br />
Tu ra raodenobis<br />
narkotiki rCeba saqarTveloSi. angariSis<br />
Tanaxmad, samxreT kavkasiaSi<br />
11 tona narkotiki Semodis da saqar-<br />
Tvelos sazRvao portis saSualebiT<br />
gadis 7 tona. regionis sam qveyanaSi:<br />
somxeTSi, azerbaijansa da saqar-<br />
TveloSi rCeba saSualod 4 tona.<br />
narkomanebis raodenobis Sesaxebac<br />
aris monacemebi. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 2,4<br />
tona heroini unda rCebodes.<br />
`am etapze moklebulni varT Sesa-<br />
Zleblobas, mogawodoT informacia<br />
narkotikuli saSualebebis amoRebisa<br />
da ganadgurebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan<br />
amJamad mimdinareobs informaciis<br />
damuSaveba, rac dros moiTxovs~, _<br />
gvipasuxes Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi.<br />
Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma „rus-<br />
Tavi 2~-is eTerSi ganacxada: `arasdros<br />
saqarTveloSi ar amouRiaT<br />
imdeni narkotiki, ramdenic bolo<br />
wlebSi amoviReT~.<br />
Sss-s veb-gverdze ori monacemi<br />
movipoveT. 2007 wels Sss-m _ 9kg da<br />
783 grami, xolo 2008 wels 8 kg da<br />
332 grami heroini amoiRo, anu ori<br />
wlis manZilze sul _ 18 kilogrami.<br />
wels ki Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom<br />
ivnisSi narkotrefikis erTi saqme<br />
gaxsna. dakavebulia narkokartelSi<br />
CarTuli 5 qarTveli da amoRebulia<br />
1 750 000 evro. policiam 180 grami<br />
kokaini ipova, Tumca samarTaldamcavebma<br />
Tqves, rom 2009 wels am dajgufebam<br />
saqarTvelodan TurqeTSi<br />
90 kilogrami kokaini gadaitana. es<br />
narkotiki samxreTi amerikidan saqarTveloSi<br />
jarTSi gadamaluli<br />
SemohqondaT. Sss ar dainteresda,<br />
Tu ratom SemohqondaT jarTi foT-<br />
Si, maSin roca Tavad saqarTvelo<br />
jarTis eqsportiori qveyanaa da<br />
evropaSi is gacilebiT Zviri Rirs.<br />
27
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />
erTaderTi gamarTleba, rac narkotikebis<br />
am siSoreze Camotanas<br />
hqonda _ narkomovaWreebis mier<br />
kontrolirebuli foTis portia,<br />
vinaidan am narkotikis daniSnulebis<br />
adgilic evropa gaxldaT.<br />
sainteresoa Sss-s mier gavrcelebuli<br />
informacia kokainis marSrutis<br />
Sesaxebac. foTis ports am<br />
istoriaSic, iseve rogorc ukanono<br />
narkotikebis tranzitTan dakav-<br />
Sirebul CvenTvis yvela cnobil<br />
SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovani adgili<br />
ukavia. rentgeno-skanerebiT<br />
aRWurvili qarTuli sabaJo an<br />
ususuria narkotikebis aRmoCenis<br />
kuTxiT an narkobiznesSi CarTuli<br />
pirebis seriozuli kontrolis<br />
qveS imyofeba. espaneTSi mcxovrebi<br />
kanonieri qurdis, Saqro kalaSovis<br />
mfarvelobiT, kokaini panamidan,<br />
perudan da kolumbiidan saqar-<br />
TveloSi CamohqondaT. narkotiki<br />
saqarTveloSi swored foTis sa-<br />
SualebiT Semodioda. mas imereTSi<br />
afasoebdnen, Semdeg ki TurqeTSi<br />
gadahqondaT.<br />
`saqarTvelos mTavrobas tranzitiT<br />
gamavali narkotikebis Taobaze<br />
sando statistikuri monacemebi ar<br />
gaaCnia. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqme-<br />
Ta saministro miuTiTebs, rom 2004-<br />
2006 wlebSi da 2007 wlis pirveli<br />
cxra Tvis ganmavlobaSi narkotikebis<br />
mniSvnelovani raodenoba ar<br />
amouRiaT. es, SesaZloa, niSnavdes,<br />
rom saqarTvelo satranzito qveyana<br />
ar aris an policiis araadekvatur<br />
muSaobasa da SesaZlo korufciaze<br />
miuTiTebs`, _ aRniSnulia amerikis<br />
SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo<br />
departamentis narkotikebTan br-<br />
Zolis biuros moxsenebaSi.<br />
„gasakeTebeli jer kidev bevria~<br />
gia gaCeCilaZes, mwvaneTa partiis<br />
Tavmjdomares milionobiT<br />
dolaris Rirebulebis heroinis<br />
uproblemod gadaadgileba xelisuflebis<br />
mfarvelobis <strong>gareSe</strong> SeuZleblad<br />
miaCnia: `Cven vambobT, rom<br />
saqarTvelos teritoriidan evropaSi<br />
7 tona heroini gadis, 2,4 tona<br />
ki adgilze trialebs. gamodis, rom<br />
qveyanaSi 9-10 tona sufTa heroini<br />
moZraobs, da rodesac mxolod 8<br />
kilo aqvT amoRebuli, es raze metyvelebs?!~<br />
Zalovani struqturebis narkobiznesTan<br />
kavSiris Taobaze informacia<br />
qarTul mediaSic gaCnda. 2005<br />
wels gavrcelda informacia, rom<br />
sod-is yofili TanamSromlebi Temur<br />
revaziSvili da giorgi xuxia<br />
departamentis ufrosobas _ irakli<br />
koduasa da mis moadgile kaxa misirels<br />
narkorealizatorebTan kavSirsa<br />
da mkvlelobis mcdelobaSi<br />
adanaSauleben. Temur revaziSvilis<br />
informaciiT, am incidentam-<br />
80 tona<br />
82 tona<br />
6 tona<br />
de cota xniT adre departamentis<br />
Tavmjdomarem, irakli koduam mas<br />
narkotikebis erT-erTi gamsaReblis<br />
winaaRmdeg sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis<br />
Sewyveta, narkotikebis<br />
realizatorebTan TanamSromloba<br />
da realizaciidan Semosuli Tanxebis<br />
ganawileba SesTavaza. revaziSvilma<br />
amaze uari ganacxada da<br />
samsaxuridan wamosvlis Taobaze<br />
pataki dawera, Tumca erTi kviris<br />
Semdeg, TanamSromlebis TxovniT,<br />
samsaxurSi dabrunda. amis Semdeg,<br />
revaziSvilis TqmiT, 21 maiss igi<br />
motyuebiT wyneTisken waiyvana misma<br />
TanamSromelma da megobarma, kaxa<br />
miruaSvilma, cota xanSi kodua da<br />
misirelic mividnen. revaziSvilis<br />
TqmiT, mas operatiuli departamen-<br />
28 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
1 tona<br />
1 tona<br />
2 tona<br />
RUSSIA<br />
95 tona<br />
2 tona<br />
9 tona<br />
yovelwliurad evropaSi,<br />
saqarTvelos gavliT,<br />
7 tona heroini Sedis,<br />
xolo mTlianad samxreTi<br />
kavkasiis qveynebidan _ 11<br />
tona. gaero-s moxsenebaSi<br />
heroinis moZraobis<br />
marSrutebi detaluradaa<br />
ganxiluli. avRanuri<br />
warmoSobis narkotiki<br />
saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad<br />
ori gziT xvdeba.<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
tis Svidi TanamSromeli sastikad<br />
scemda, Semdeg ki mokvla daupires.<br />
revaziSvili acxadebs, rom Tavs gaqceviT<br />
uSvela.<br />
momxdarTan dakavSirebiT Tavisuflebis<br />
institutma maSin preskonferencia<br />
moawyo da prokuraturisgan<br />
saqmis gamoZieba moiTxova.<br />
prokuraturas Cvenc mivmarTeT<br />
da davinteresdiT, daiwyo Tu ara<br />
winaswari gamoZieba giorgi xuxiasa<br />
da Temur revaziSvilis saCivarTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. agreTve, ra gadawyvetileba<br />
miiRo saqarTvelos generalurma<br />
prokuraturam. pasuxi arc<br />
erT kiTxvaze ar migviRia.<br />
narkomomxmareblebi mianiSneben,<br />
rom saxelmwifo maT ufro did<br />
problemebs uqmnis, vidre narko-<br />
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />
movaWreebs, romlebTanac, savaraudod,<br />
TanamSromlobs kidec.<br />
avRanuri heroinis qarTuli<br />
milionebi<br />
damokidebulebis kvleviTi centris<br />
`alternativa jorjias~ direqtoris<br />
TqmiT, saSualo qarTveli<br />
momxmareblis erTjeradi doza<br />
100-200 miligrami sufTa heroinia,<br />
romelic egreT wodebul Cekebad<br />
iyideba. erTi Cekis fasi saSualod<br />
250 laria. `heroinis koncentracia<br />
arsad ar aris 100-procentiani.<br />
masSi meti wili sxvadasxva nivTierebis<br />
minarevebia~, _ aRniSnavs daviT<br />
oTiaSvili. saqarTveloSi erTi<br />
abi suboteqsi, romelic evropaSi 5<br />
dolarad iyideba, 700 lari Rirs.<br />
momxmarebelTa TqmiT, gayidvisas<br />
mas anawevreben. `suboteqsi 250<br />
lari Rirs, magram meoTxedi. naxevars<br />
uZaxian, mara is naxevaric ar<br />
aris. Camofxekili da naCaliCebia.<br />
mTliani abi 700 lari Rirs. magram<br />
Zalian iSviaTad Tu iyidi gautexav<br />
abs~, _ ambobs erT-erTi respondenti.<br />
araoficialuri monacemebiT,<br />
erTi grami heroinis fasi saqar-<br />
TveloSi 500 laria. gaero-s dokumentis<br />
mixedviT ki, 2007 wels erTi<br />
grami heroini 350 dolari Rirda.<br />
Cveni qveynis narkobiznesis Sesafaseblad<br />
es fasi 2 tona heroinze<br />
gavamravleT. irkveva, rom qarTul<br />
narkobiznesSi, sul cota, 700 milioni<br />
dolari Savi fuli trialebs.<br />
narkomania _ biujetis Sevsebis<br />
wyaro<br />
2010 wlis 1 ianvrisTvis Sinagan<br />
saqmeTa saministroSi, eqspertizis<br />
erovnul biuroSi da narkologiis<br />
samedicino kvleviT institutSi<br />
erTianad aRricxulia 70 000-mde<br />
piri, romelic narkotiks moixmars.<br />
eqspertebi amboben, rom narkomanTa<br />
mimarT saqarTvelos xelisuflebis<br />
araswori midgoma vi-<br />
Tarebas auaresebs. `yvela piri,<br />
29
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />
narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebeli<br />
da narkotikuli saSualebebis<br />
gamsaReblebi faqtobrivad<br />
eqvemdebarebian erTsa da imave<br />
pasuxismgeblobas~, _ aRniSnavs iuristi<br />
aleqs SoSikelaSvili. `magaliTad,<br />
pirovnebas upoves naxevari<br />
grami heroini _ erTi aris momxmarebeli,<br />
meore aris „bariga~, orives<br />
Tanabrad dasjian. dRes kanoni<br />
amaT orives gauSvebs 10 wliT cixeSi.<br />
anu gadamyidveli unda gavuSvaT<br />
10 wliT cixeSi, Tu vupoveT<br />
naxevari grami, magram Tu momxmarebels<br />
vupoveT naxevari grami,<br />
rac misi ori dRis doza SeiZleba<br />
iyos da ver vudasturebT rom<br />
gadamyidvelia, 10 wliT ar unda<br />
gavuSvaT cixeSi~, _ ambobs daviT<br />
oTiaSvili.<br />
saqarTvelo gaero-s 1961 wlis<br />
konvenciis xelmomweria. dokumenti<br />
narkoproblemis mosagvareblad<br />
mxareebs narkomanebis mkurnalobis<br />
rekomendacias aZlevs. eqspertebis<br />
TqmiT, saqarTveloSi, mkurnalobis<br />
nacvlad, narkomomxmareblebis winaaRmdeg<br />
represiebi xorcieldeba.<br />
`cixeSi Semogviyvanes narkomani<br />
axalgazrda biWi. damoukideblad<br />
ver moZraobda. biWebi vuvlidiT.<br />
imas ra unda cixeSi? imas rom rame<br />
eSvelos, saswrafod unda umkurnalo~,<br />
_ gviTxra Cvenma narkomanma<br />
respondentma.<br />
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 274-e<br />
muxli narkodamokidebuli adamianis<br />
iZulebiT mkurnalobas gulisxmobs,<br />
Tumca 2006 wlidan dRemde es<br />
muxli aravisTvis SeufardebiaT.<br />
narkotikis moxmarebis faqtze<br />
pirvelad dakavebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa<br />
kodeqsiT, jarima 500 lars<br />
Seadgens. Tu pirs ganmeorebiT<br />
daudasturdeba erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
narkotikis moxmareba an<br />
SeZena, Senaxva, maSin mis winaaRmdeg<br />
amoqmeddeba sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsis 273-e muxli. am muxliT<br />
jarima SeiZleba iyos 1000 lari<br />
an ufro meti. sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsis 273-e muxliT gadaxdili<br />
jarimebis raodenobam bolo sam weliwadSi<br />
21 169 825 lari Seadgina.<br />
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa<br />
kodeqsis 45-e muxliT gadaxdili<br />
jarimebis raodenobam ki _<br />
2 766 120 lari.<br />
mniSvnelovania is faqtori, rom<br />
saxelmwifos mier amoRebuli milionebidan<br />
narkomaniiT daavadebul<br />
pirebis mkurnalobaze gasul<br />
wels 2 milion 200 aTas laramde<br />
daixarja. eqspert nino gvenetaZis<br />
azriT, es araswori politikaa da<br />
is mxolod jarimebis saSualebiT<br />
fulis amoRebazea orientirebuli.<br />
`Cven am xalxs uzarmazar jarimebs<br />
varTmevT. es jarimebi miemarTeba<br />
saxelmwifo biujetSi da erT wreze<br />
vbrunavT. mere am adamianebs isev<br />
gamovuSvebT, mere isev davakavebT,<br />
mere isev jarimas gadavaxdevinebT.<br />
saxelmwifom am jarimebs daumatos<br />
sxva Tanxebi da am adamianebs umkurnalos.<br />
Tu saxelmwifo xels daibans<br />
da am adamianebs mxolod represiiT<br />
daemuqreba, faqtia, rom Sedegi ar<br />
gveqneba~, _ aRniSnavs nino gveneta-<br />
Ze.<br />
mkurnaloba _ dasjis nacvlad<br />
saqarTveloSi metadonis programa<br />
2007 wlidan moqmedebs. amJamad<br />
saxelmwifo programaSi 877 pacienti<br />
monawileobs. programaSi Car-<br />
Tvisas pirovneba 450 lars ixdis,<br />
Semdeg ki yovelTviuri gadasaxadi<br />
150 lars Seadgens.<br />
daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi<br />
janmrTelobis erovnuli<br />
centris direqtoris moadgile<br />
akaki gamyreliZe aRniSnavs, rom<br />
jarimebidan amoRebuli milionebi<br />
reabilitaciis centris asaSene-<br />
blad unda gamoiyenon, magram amis<br />
politikuri neba ar arsebobs. `cxadia,<br />
es emsaxureba erT diad mizans,<br />
rac aris arsebuli narkosituaciis<br />
SenarCuneba, romelic, kidev er-<br />
Txel vimeoreb, orientirebulia<br />
narkomaniiT daavadebuli pirebis,<br />
narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebelTa<br />
diskriminaciaze. dRevandeli<br />
politikuri Tanamdebobis<br />
pirebis interesebSi ar Sedis, rom<br />
es adamianebi ganTavisufldnen~, _<br />
aRniSnavs iuristi aleqs SoSikelaSvili.<br />
arsebuli narkopolitikis Sesacvlelad<br />
2008 wels arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis koaliciam _ „zianis<br />
Semcirebis saqarTvelos qselma`<br />
parlamentSi kanonproeqti Seitana.<br />
mas 58 aTasi adamiani awers xels.<br />
kanonproeqti ori wlis Semdegac<br />
ar ganuxilavT. damokidebulebis<br />
kvleviTi centris xelmZRvaneli,<br />
daviT oTiaSvili aRniSnavs, _ `ar<br />
viciT ratom iwuneben Cvens kanonproeqts.<br />
vfiqrob, rom arian adamianebi,<br />
visac kanonmdeblobaSi ar<br />
unda raimes Secvla da parlament-<br />
Si am adamianebis gavlena sakmaod<br />
Zlieria~.<br />
dozis gadaWarbebiTa da narkotikebis<br />
moxmarebiT gardacvlilTa<br />
zust statistikas jandacvis saministro<br />
ar awarmoebs. arsebobs mxolod<br />
zogadi eqspertuli monacemebi,<br />
romelTa daTvlac sxvadasxva<br />
proeqtis farglebSi moxda. 2007<br />
wels zedozirebiT mxolod TbilisSi<br />
_ 39, 2008 wels ki 26 adamiani<br />
gardaicvala. 2003 wels, narkotikebis<br />
moxmarebis gamo, 120<br />
adamiani daiRupa. es monacemebi<br />
arasrulia da saqarTveloSi narkotikebis<br />
mizeziT sikvdilianobas bolomde<br />
ar asaxavs.<br />
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba momzadebulia studia `monitoris~<br />
proeqtis farglebSi.<br />
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba ganxorcielda<br />
evrokavSiris finansuri mxardaWeriT.<br />
30 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
saubrebi liberalizmze<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
potenciuri safrTxeebi<br />
qarTuli memarcxeneobisTvis<br />
ganviTarebadi qveynebis memarcxeneebi midrekilni arian, problemebis mizezebi<br />
sazogadoebis gareT eZebon da iSviaTad cdiloben maT sakuTar sazogadoebaSi aRmoCenas.<br />
giorgi cxadaia<br />
Salva naTelaSvili<br />
saqarTveloSi memarcxeneoba bolo<br />
20 wlis ganmavlobaSi diskreditirebuli<br />
Tema iyo. is asocirdeboda<br />
sabWoeTTan da komunistebTan. erTaderTi<br />
stabiluri da met-naklebad<br />
popularuli memarcxene partia, tradiciulad,<br />
leiboristulia. bolo<br />
xanebSi socialisturi ideebi axalgazrdebisTvisac<br />
gaxda mimzidveli<br />
da ramdenime memarcxene politikuri<br />
Tu sazogadoebrivi jgufi gamoCnda,<br />
magaliTad _ `axalgazrda socialistebi“<br />
da „social-demokratebi<br />
saqarTvelos ganviTarebisTvis“. memarcxene<br />
jgufebis dasaxelebaSi jerjerobiT<br />
sityva „socialisti“ figurirebs,<br />
rac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
maT proevropul (da ara amerikul)<br />
orientaciaze metyvelebs _ evropa-<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
Si memarcxene partiebs yvelaze xSirad<br />
am saxeliT moixsenieben. maT finansuri<br />
urTierTobebic ZiriTadad<br />
mxolod evropasTan aqvT.<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebSi memarcxeneebi<br />
yvelaze xSirad <strong>gareSe</strong> mtrebis<br />
demonizaciiT arian dakavebulebi.<br />
msgavsi ritorikaa saqarTveloSic,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, leiboristuli partiis<br />
gamosvlebSi amerikis administraciis<br />
winaaRmdeg. problema is ki<br />
ar aris, rom ganviTarebul, mdidar,<br />
Zlier da meti pasuxismgeblobis<br />
mqone dasavleTs akritikeben, aramed<br />
is, rom sazogadoebis winaSe mdgar<br />
problemebs xelovnurad amartiveben.<br />
Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli problemebi<br />
arc amerikis bralia da arc<br />
evropis. es umeteswilad Tavad Cveni<br />
_ Sidasazogadoebrivi problemebia<br />
(saqarTvelos xelisufleba, amis sapirispirod,<br />
cdilobs qveynis wina-<br />
Se mdgari yvela problema ruseTs<br />
gadaabralos). amitom, „masonebis“,<br />
imperialistebis da „sorosistebis“<br />
winaaRmdeg brZola cota komikuria<br />
im fonze, roca mTavari problema im<br />
sazogadoebriv jgufebSia, romlebic<br />
erTmaneTTan TamaSis wesebze ver<br />
SeTanxmebulan; magaliTad imaze, rom<br />
biznesmenebma gadasaxadebi ar unda<br />
damalon, biujeti xalxis sasikeTod<br />
unda daixarjos, quCaSi nagavi ar<br />
unda davyaroT, sazogadoebis sxvadasxva<br />
jgufs pativi unda vceT, maTi<br />
Sexedulebis miuxedavad, sazogadoebrivi<br />
sikeTeebi ar unda davazianoT<br />
da a.S. is sazogadoeba, romelic aseT<br />
rameebze ver Tanxmdeba da mTel Tavis<br />
Zalisxmevas „imperialistebis“<br />
da masonebis kritikisken mimarTavs,<br />
araracionaluri, arapragmatuli da<br />
infantiluria.<br />
erTi sityviT, ganviTarebadi qveynebis<br />
memarcxeneebi midrekilni<br />
arian, problemebis gamomwvevi mizezebi<br />
sazogadoebis gareT eZebon<br />
da iSviaTad cdiloben, es mizezi<br />
sakuTar TavSi aRmoaCinon. evropuli<br />
socializmi swored am niSniT<br />
gansxvavdeba belorusuli da kuburi<br />
socializmisgan. xsenebuli qveynebi<br />
sityvis Tavisuflebas zRudaven<br />
swored im motiviT, rom, amis sanacvlod,<br />
adamianebs gadarCenisTvis<br />
aucilebel, minimalur resursebs<br />
TiTqmis ufasod sTavazoben.<br />
Tu saqarTveloSi momavalSi me-<br />
31
saubrebi liberalizmze<br />
marcxene platformis ganviTarebaa<br />
mosalodneli, axlave unda daisvas<br />
kiTxva _ rogori memarcxeneebi da<br />
socialistebi gvinda? erT-erTma<br />
axalgazrda socialistma Jurnal<br />
„cxeli Sokoladis“ mier mowyobil<br />
diskusiaze ganacxada, rom arsebobs<br />
prioritetebis garkveuli skala,<br />
sadac Raribebis problemebi ufro<br />
mniSvnelovania, vidre, vTqvaT _ umciresobebis.<br />
Sesabamisad, msgavsi<br />
logikiT, ucxoeli donorebi, romlebic<br />
umciresobebis dacvas sxvadasxva<br />
finansuri da politikuri<br />
saSualebiT lobireben, tyuilad irjebian<br />
_ maT, sinamdvileSi, realuri<br />
problemebidan yuradReba moCvenebiT<br />
problemebze gadaaqvT!<br />
ucxouri donorebis saqmianoba ramdenad<br />
uwyobs xels saqarTveloSi<br />
socialur jgufebs Soris konsen-<br />
susisken orientirebul samoqalaqo<br />
kulturas da ndobis gaRrmavebas,<br />
es calke sakiTxia (da CemTvis Zalze<br />
sadavo), magram memarcxeneebis mier<br />
msgavsi „liberaluri“ Temebisadmi<br />
agdebuli damokidebuleba didi<br />
Secdomaa. evropel socialistebs<br />
arCevani rom mxolod socialur Temebze<br />
gaekeTebinaT da sxva sakiTxebi<br />
usamarTlod mieviwyebinaT, dRes<br />
evrokavSirSi belorusic iqneboda.<br />
evropaSi Zalian kargad esmiT, rom<br />
jansaRi sazogadoeba gulisxmobs<br />
sxvadasxva socialur jgufs Soris<br />
humanizmsa da saerTo keTildReobaze<br />
dafuZnebul urTierTobas da<br />
ara erTi jgufis interesebis (rac<br />
unda keTilSobiluri iyos es interesebi)<br />
diqtaturas yvela sxva<br />
jgufis interesebze. am ukanaskneli<br />
tipis mmarTvelobas xSirad mohyveba<br />
qarizmuli beladis gamoCena,<br />
„avangarduli partiis“ daarseba da<br />
„swori mimarTulebiT“ sazogadoebis<br />
warmarTva. samwuxarod, aseT Temebze<br />
msjeloba gvabrunebs meoce saukunis<br />
dasawyisSi, rodesac bolSevikebi da<br />
menSevikebi erTmaneTs swored msgavs<br />
sakiTxebze ekamaTebodnen. rogorc<br />
Cans, sakuTar istorias sakmarisad<br />
kargad ar vicnobT, radgan Temebi,<br />
romlebzec axla vmsjelobT, saukunis<br />
dasawyisSi ukve irCeoda da Sesabamisi<br />
daskvnebic gamohqondaT (samwuxarod,<br />
movlenebi yvelaze uaresi<br />
scenariT: bolSevikuri partiis diqtaturiT<br />
dasrulda).<br />
am problemas ekonomikuri kuTxidanac<br />
SevxedoT: ratom ar gvinda<br />
belorusis an kubis modeli? sul<br />
axlaxan wavikiTxe britaneli Jurnalistis,<br />
johan haris kritika radikali<br />
memarcxene moazrovnis, noam<br />
Comskis misamarTiT. haris azriT,<br />
radikali memarcxeneebis erT-erTi<br />
mTavari problema imis veraRiarebaa,<br />
rom kapitalizmi simdidres qmnis: magaliTad,<br />
riT aixsneba is faqti, rom<br />
samxreTi korea ufro ganviTarebulia,<br />
vidre socialisturi CrdiloeTi<br />
korea? amisi aRiareba radikal<br />
memarcxeneebs sakuTari ideebis Ralatad<br />
miaCniaT. arada, sinamdvile-<br />
Si, Tanamedrove evropuli socialuri<br />
demokratia swored am gziT<br />
uzrunvelyofs sakuTari ekonomikebis<br />
mdgradobas da Zlier socialurad<br />
orientirebul saxelmwifos _<br />
qmnis socialur damcav bades, riTac<br />
cdilobs, simdidre efeqturad gaanawilos.<br />
am meTodiT arc inovacia,<br />
konkurencia da teqnikuri progresi<br />
zaraldeba, da arc _ Raribi moqalaqeebis<br />
interesebi. amis sapirispirod,<br />
qveynebs, romlebic sworxazovan<br />
socialistur politikas adganan,<br />
CamorCenili da mouqneli saxelmwi-<br />
foebi aqvT, sadac moqalaqeebis mier<br />
sakuTar Tavsa da sazogadoebaze pasuxismgebloba<br />
minumamdea dayvanili<br />
_ isini elodebian, Tu rodis moamaragebs<br />
saxelmwifo minimaluri resursebiT,<br />
riTac Tavs gadairCenen.<br />
mTavari problema is aris, rom es<br />
socialuri iniciativebi zemodan modis<br />
da ara qvemodan, da modis umTavresad<br />
diqtatori mmarTvelebisgan,<br />
romlebic sakuTari Zalauflebis<br />
SenarCunebas am gziT cdiloben. am<br />
dros sazogadoeba moumwifebeli da<br />
sustia, radgan Tavad ki ar wyvets<br />
socialuri siduxWiris problemas,<br />
aramed beladi da partiuli bosebi<br />
zemodan aZaleben gaakeTon is, rac,<br />
SesaZloa, gaTavisebuli arc aqvs.<br />
sityvis Tavisufleba, umciresobebis<br />
uflebebis dacva da adamianis<br />
sxva fundamenturi uflebebis ar-<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebSi memarcxeneebi yvelaze xSirad <strong>gareSe</strong> mtrebis demonizaciiT<br />
arian dakavebulebi. msgavsi ritorikaa saqarTveloSic, gansakuTrebiT, leiboristuli<br />
partiis gamosvlebSi amerikis administraciis winaaRmdeg.<br />
seboba iseT qveynebSebi, rogoric<br />
belorusia, swored imitom aris<br />
saWiro, rom moqalaqeebma Tavian-<br />
Ti interesebi gamoxaton. adamianis<br />
uflebebis dacvis saboloo mizani<br />
swored grZelvadiani ekonomikuri<br />
da socialuri keTildReobis miRwevaa.<br />
sxva SemTxvevaSi, socialuri saxelmwifo<br />
mxolod butaforia iqneba,<br />
romelic beladis, „mama patronis“<br />
wasvlis Semdeg advilad CamoiSleba;<br />
aseT saxelmwifoSi grZelvadiani<br />
ganviTareba da ekonomikuri progresi<br />
yovelTvis Seewireba iaffasian<br />
socialistur ritorikas.<br />
zemoT moxazuli safrTxeebis ga-<br />
Tvaliswineba, Cemi azriT, sasicocxlod<br />
aucilebeli iqneba nebismieri<br />
memarcxene partiisTvis, romelic<br />
saqarTveloSi moRvaweobas gadawyvets.<br />
jerjerobiT arsebuli partiebis<br />
ritorikaSi, samwuxarod,<br />
amgvar aqcentebs ver vxedav.<br />
32 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
Tvalsazrisi<br />
revolucia,<br />
kontrrevolucia<br />
da sagadasaxado kodeqsi<br />
ekonomika<br />
aqamde vicodiT, rom dRes moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsi iyo _ liberaluri,<br />
revoluciuri da msoflioSi saukeTeso. axla xelisuflebam misi isev<br />
revoluciurad Secvlis gadawyvetileba miiRo _ finansTa ministris<br />
gancxadebiT, kodeqsi 98%-iT icvleba. Tu logikas gavyvebiT, gamova, rom saqme<br />
`kontrrevoluciasTan~ gvaqvs...<br />
sinamdvileSi ki, Tu qarTuli filmidan cnobili gamonaTqvamis perifrazs<br />
mivmarTavT, `arc erTi iyo liberaluri da arc meore _ kontrrevoluciuri.<br />
orive ugvani kodeqsi iyo~. ratom vfiqrob ase? Sevecdebi, davasabuTo<br />
(sityvebis ekonomiis mizniT, dRes moqmed sagadasaxado kodeqss `kodeqsad~ movixsenieb,<br />
SemoTavazebuli cvlilebebis proeqts _ `proeqtad~).<br />
irakli SaviSvili, auditori<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
33<br />
ilustracia TaTia nadareiSvili / wignis saxelosno
ekonomika<br />
1. koncefcia<br />
ar varga rogorc kodeqsis, ise<br />
proeqtis koncefcia _ isini antiliberaluria<br />
erTi martivi mizezis<br />
gamo _ oriveSi devs azri, rom<br />
qveyanaSi mTavaria biujeti, xolo<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdeli (adamiani)<br />
_ maqsimum, meorexarisxovani. amis<br />
dasabuTeba yvela im muxlis gaanalizebiT<br />
rom vcado, romelic kodeqssa<br />
da proeqtSia, Jurnalis erTi<br />
nomeri ar meyofa. amitom mxolod<br />
ramdenimeze gavamaxvileb yuradRebas:<br />
gadasaxadis cneba kodeqsSic da<br />
proeqtSic erTnairad aris ganmartebuli<br />
_ maTi mixedviT, gadasaxadi<br />
aris `upirobo~ da `usasyidlo~<br />
Senatani biujetSi. sagadasaxado kodeqsi<br />
aris gadasaxadis warmoSobisa<br />
da gadaxdis pirobebis krebuli. maS,<br />
rogorRaa gadasaxadi upirobo?<br />
bunebaSi ar arsebobs legitimuri<br />
moTxovna sanacvlo valdebulebis<br />
<strong>gareSe</strong>. nebismier aseT<br />
moTxovnas yvela droSi da yvela<br />
qveyanaSi yaCaRobas uwodeben. gadasaxadis<br />
`usasyidlobis~ gamocxadebiT<br />
xelisufleba uars ambobs raime<br />
valdebulebis aRebaze gadasaxadis<br />
gadamxdelis winaSe.<br />
kodeqsSic da proeqtSic aris muxli<br />
saxelwodebiT `sxva jarimebi~,<br />
romelic ambobs, rom Tu gadamxdelis<br />
mier irRveva romelime valdebuleba,<br />
romlisTvisac dadgenilia<br />
pasuxismgebloba, magram jarimis<br />
odenoba ar aris gansazRvruli, es<br />
jarimdeba 100 lariT. ras gveubneba<br />
amgvari CanaweriT xelisufleba?<br />
_ `ici ra, me axla mezareba yvela<br />
darRvevis CamoWikWikeba, magram<br />
icode, sadac dagiWer, migajarimeb~.<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mier<br />
gadasaxadis gadaxda uamravi RonisZiebiT<br />
aris uzrunvelyofili _<br />
sauraviT, jarimebiT, yadaRiT, salarodan<br />
naRdi fulis amoRebiT,<br />
qonebis gayidviTa Tu warTmeviT da<br />
a.S. samagierod, Tu gadasaxadi zedmetad<br />
gaqvs gadaxdili da biujetidan<br />
mis dabrunebas moiTxov, kodeqs-<br />
proeqti geubneba, rom moTxovnidan<br />
3 TveSi dagibruneben. oRond, Tu ar<br />
dagibrunes, ra xdeba, riT agebs Sen<br />
winaSe pasuxs xelisufleba, amaze<br />
aRaraferia naTqvami, rac imas niSnavs,<br />
rom pasuxs arafriT agebs.<br />
amgvari magaliTebis ganxilva<br />
dausruleblad SeiZleba.<br />
2. mikro da mcire biznesi<br />
`revoluciuradaa~ Sefasebuli<br />
mikro da mcire biznesis cnebebis<br />
SemoReba. orive statusi mxolod<br />
fizikur pirebs exebaT da ar vrceldeba<br />
iuridiul pirebze.<br />
mikro biznesisTvis dadgenilia<br />
brunvis 30 000-lariani zRvari da<br />
naTqvamia, rom Tu pirs am odenobaze<br />
naklebi aqvs brunva, igi arc<br />
erTi gadasaxadiT ar daibegreba.<br />
amas did miRwevad gvasaReben, sinamdvileSi<br />
ki es am kategoriis gadamxdelTa<br />
mdgomareobis gauaresebaa:<br />
ar aris dadgenili, saqmianobis<br />
romel dargebze gavrceldeba mikro<br />
biznesis statusi. es unda gansazRvros<br />
mTavrobam Tavisi SexedulebiT.<br />
masve SeuZlia, saqmianobis<br />
romeliRac saxeobebSi akrZalos<br />
am statusis miniWeba. gamodis, rom<br />
jer arc ki viciT, ras gvTavazoben.<br />
dRes moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsiT<br />
dadgenilia saqmianobaTa saxeobebi<br />
(mewaRe, mesaaTe, Sinamosamsaxure<br />
da a.S.), romelTa mimdevari<br />
fizikuri pirebi dabegvrisgan Tavisufldebian,<br />
Tundac 100 000 laris<br />
Semosavali miiRon. axla ki maT eubnebian,<br />
_ xom kargia, rom mxolod 30<br />
000 laris Semosavalze gaTavisufldebiT<br />
dabegvrisgano.<br />
mikro biznesis statusis mqone pirebs<br />
ar aqvT sakontrolo-salaro<br />
aparatis qonis valdebuleba. aRricxvis<br />
wesebic gaurkvevelia _ finansTa<br />
ministrma unda daudginos.<br />
iqve weria, rom `sagadasaxado organos<br />
ufleba aqvs, mikro biznesis<br />
statusis mqone piris Semosavlebi<br />
gansazRvros arapirdapiri meTodebiT<br />
finansTa ministris mier gansa-<br />
zRvruli wesiT~. mokled, mewarmis-<br />
Tvis TamaSis wesebi ganusazRvrelia,<br />
xolo sagadasaxado organoebi Tavisi<br />
Sexedulebisamebr gansazRvraven<br />
mis Semosavlebs. ra gamova? _ is,<br />
rom loialur gadamxdelebs `eqnebaT~<br />
30 000 larze naklebi Semosavali,<br />
araloialurebs ki _ meti.<br />
sxva gadasaxadis gadamxdelebs<br />
ekrZalebaT mikro<br />
biznesis statusis mqone<br />
pirebisgan Sesyiduli saqonlisa<br />
Tu momsaxurebis<br />
Rirebulebis xarjad<br />
gamoqviTva, Tundac danaxarji<br />
dokumenturad<br />
iyos dadasturebuli.<br />
ratom unda moundes<br />
aseT gadamxdels mikromewarmisgan<br />
raimes yidva?<br />
msgavsi mdgomareobaa<br />
mcire biznesis statusTan<br />
dakavSirebiTac. am farglebSi<br />
SemoTavazebulia 3 da<br />
5-procentiani dabegvris<br />
reJimebi, xolo Semosavlis<br />
zeda zRvari 200<br />
000 laria. amasTan, 3%iani<br />
dabegvris re-<br />
Jimis gamoyenebis<br />
ufleba pirs<br />
mxolod im<br />
SemTxvevaSi<br />
aqvs, Tu is<br />
daasabu-<br />
Tebs Tavisi<br />
er-<br />
Toblivi<br />
S e m o -<br />
savlis<br />
60%-is tol<br />
danaxarjebs, daqiravebulisTvis gadaxdil<br />
xelfasze gaweuli danaxarjebis<br />
garda. xom kargad vzrunavT<br />
dasaqmebaze?<br />
erTgan weria, rom mcire biznesis<br />
statusis mqone pirs ufleba<br />
aqvs, ar awarmoos Semosavlebisa da<br />
xarjebis aRricxva (proeqtis 92.1-e<br />
muxli), meoregan ki weria, rom man<br />
unda awarmoos xarjebis aRricxvis<br />
34 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
Jurnali, romlis warmoebis wess adgens<br />
finansTa ministri (muxli 92.7e).<br />
gavfrindeT Tu ar gavfrindeT?<br />
3. ombudsmeni<br />
proeqtiT SemoTavazebulia sagadasaxado<br />
ombudsmenis institutis<br />
SemoReba. es idea axali araa.<br />
jer kidev dRes moqmedi<br />
kodeqsis proeqtSi iyo<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli ase-<br />
Ti instituti, magram<br />
imis gamo, rom is<br />
proeqti aseve iTvaliswinebda<br />
kerZo<br />
arbitraJebis mier<br />
sagadasaxado davebis<br />
ganxilvis uflebamosilebas<br />
(romelic<br />
amoqmedebidan 3 TveSi<br />
gauqmda), es instituti<br />
zedmetad CaiTvala da proeqtidan<br />
amoiRes. dRes am instituts<br />
isev gvTavazoben,<br />
oRond _ gauaresebuli<br />
saxiT. ombudsmenis<br />
funqcia, wesiT, unda<br />
iyos mTavrobis (sagadasaxadoorganoebis)<br />
moqmedebebis<br />
sawinaaRmdego<br />
RonisZiebebisgatarebagadasaxadisgadamxdelisuflebebisdasacavad.<br />
proeqti ki<br />
gveubneba, rom ombudsmenis uflebamosilebebi<br />
da saqmianobis wesi<br />
mTavrobisave dadgenilebiT ganisazRvreba.<br />
ratom unda mianiWos mTavrobam<br />
vinmes Tavis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
moqmedebis uflebamosileba?<br />
4. winaswari gadaxdebi<br />
sagadasaxado kodeqsis proeqtiT<br />
kidev ufro izrdeba xelisufle-<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
bis `mada~, winaswar miiRos gadasaxadebi.<br />
imavdroulad, gveubnebian,<br />
rom xelisufleba gadasaxadis gadamxdelebs<br />
aZlevs orTvian uprocento<br />
sesxs imiT, rom angariSgebas<br />
yovelkvartalurad gadaaqcevs yovelTviuris<br />
nacvlad. is ki yvelas<br />
aviwydeba, rom kodeqsiTac da proeqtiTac<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi<br />
valdebulni arian, mogebisa da qonebis<br />
gadasaxadSi winaswar gadaixadon<br />
gadasaxadebi `mimdinare gadasaxdelebis~<br />
saxiT; rac niSnavs, rom<br />
xelisufleba Tavad iRebs uprocento<br />
sesxs gadamxdelebisgan, oRond<br />
_ erTwlians. proeqtiT ki es mdgomareoba<br />
kidev ufro mZimdeba _ Semodis<br />
miRebuli avansebis dabegvra<br />
damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadiT<br />
(dRg-iT). TiTqos es ukeTesi<br />
unda iyos mewarmisTvis, radgan is<br />
gadasaxads nawil-nawil gadaixdis<br />
da ara _ erTbaSad. sinamdvileSi ki<br />
amis keTeba ar aris swori, arc _ Teoriulad<br />
da arc _ praqtikulad:<br />
Sinaarsobrivad, dRg aris gadasaxadi,<br />
romliTac ibegreba Seqmnili<br />
damatebuli Rirebuleba. isic<br />
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca misi<br />
gadacema xdeba sxva pirisTvis (momxmareblisTvis).<br />
miRebuli avansis<br />
SemTxvevaSi ki, es damatebuli Rirebuleba<br />
jer arc Seqmnila da, miT<br />
umetes, arc gadacemula. isic SeiZleba<br />
moxdes, rom igi arc arasdros<br />
Seiqmnas. maS, ras vbegravT?<br />
es moqmedeba praqtikuli TvalsazrisiTac<br />
gaumarTlebelia. sicxadisTvis<br />
movitan yvelaze gavrcelebul<br />
SemTxvevas _ binaTmSeneblobas.<br />
mSeneblobebi 2-3 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
mimdinareobs da am xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />
mSenebeli myidvelisgan nawilnawil<br />
iRebs avansebs, rac misTvis<br />
sabrunavi saxsrebia danaxarjebis<br />
gasawevad _ masalebis sayidlad, samSeneblo<br />
teqnikis dasaqiraveblad<br />
da a.S. ra gamova, Tuki am Tanxebidan<br />
18%-s amovacliT mSenebels? _ igi<br />
iZulebuli gaxdeba, es Tanxa sxvagan<br />
moiZios, anu _ aiRos krediti da<br />
ekonomika<br />
ixados masze procentebi. es niSnavs,<br />
rom misi danaxarjebis odenoba izrdeba,<br />
rac an mogebas Seumcirebs mas,<br />
an binis fass gazrdis. cxadia, esec<br />
uaryofiTi movlenaa.<br />
winaswari dabegvris formaa e.w.<br />
`grZelvadiani kontraqtebis~ dRg-<br />
Ti dabegvrac. es meTodi dRes mxolod<br />
mogebis gadasaxadSi gamoiyeneba.<br />
proeqtiT ki dRg-Sic vrceldeba,<br />
rac, zemoT aRwerili mizezebis<br />
gamo, aseve uaryofiTad aisaxeba<br />
mewarmeebis Semosavlebze.<br />
aseve gaugebaria sakuTari warmoebis<br />
Senoba-nagebobebis dabegvra<br />
dRg-Ti, maSinac ki, roca am Senobanagebobis<br />
sxva pirisTvis gadacema<br />
ar xdeba.<br />
gamodis, rom xelisufleba winaswar<br />
cdilobs Tanxebis akrefas.<br />
oRond is aRar Cans, ra moxdeba 2-3<br />
wlis Semdeg, roca am Tanxebis `ganaRdebis~<br />
vada dadgeba. ori variantia<br />
_ an 2-3 wlis Semdeg kvlavac<br />
axali `revoluciuri~ kodeqsis mowmeni<br />
gavxdebiT, an dRevandeli xelisufleba<br />
2-3 wlis Semdeg sakuTar<br />
Tavs veRar xedavs da dResve cdilobs,<br />
Tanxebi `moimaragos~.<br />
5. saSemosavlo gadasaxadi<br />
uaresdeba saSemosavlo gadasaxadiT<br />
dabegvris reJimic:<br />
dRes moqmedi kodeqsiT, saSemosavlo<br />
gadasaxadisgan Tavisufldeba<br />
iseTi aqtivebis gayidviT miRebuli<br />
nameti, romlebic fizikuri piris<br />
sakuTrebaSia 2 welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />
da romlebic ar gamoiyeneba<br />
ekonomikuri saqmianobisTvis.<br />
proeqtiT ki es nameti ibegreba nebismier<br />
SemTxvevaSi, garda uZravi<br />
qonebisa da arasasoflo-sameurneo<br />
daniSnulebis miwisa. uZravi qonebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tavisufldeba mxolod<br />
30 000 laramde miRebuli nameti,<br />
xolo miwis SemTxvevaSi _ mxolod 2<br />
heqtaramde miwis nakveTis gayidviT<br />
miRebuli Semosavali.<br />
kodeqsiT aseve Tavisufldeba 6<br />
Tveze meti vadiT msubuqi avtomo-<br />
35
ekonomika<br />
bilis gayidviT miRebuli nameti Semosavali.<br />
proeqtiT ki aseTi gaTavisufleba<br />
aRar aris.<br />
saerTod aRar aris SeRavaTi aRniSnulis<br />
garda sxva aqtivebis gayidviT<br />
miRebul Semosavalze. gamodis,<br />
kacma, gaWirvebis gamo, saxlidan<br />
ZvelisZveli karada rom gamoitanos<br />
da gayidos, aqedan gadasaxadi unda<br />
gadaixados.<br />
am gauaresebis garda, isic unda<br />
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom dRes im qonebis<br />
gayidvisas, romelic 2 welze<br />
naklebi xniT iyo piris sakuTreba-<br />
Si, gadasaxadi 12% iyo. axla ki 20%<br />
iqneba. kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
iyo 20%-iani ganakveTis Tanda-<br />
Tan Semcireba 15%-mde _ 2013 wlis<br />
1 ianvramde. am vadamac (maT Soris,<br />
dividendze da sesxis procentze gadasaxadis<br />
ganulebis vadamac) erTi<br />
wliT gadaiwia.<br />
gauaresebad unda CaiTvalos,<br />
agreTve ijarisa da roialtis dabegvris<br />
Semotana gadaxdis wyarosTan.<br />
gamodis, Tu piri, vTqvaT, saofised<br />
farTs qiraobs, man unda daukavos<br />
gadasaxadi gamqiravebels. sainteresoa,<br />
ra unda akeTos gamqiravebelma?<br />
6. orazrovneba<br />
xelisufleba gveubneba, rom proeqtiT<br />
daZleuli iqneba orazrovneba<br />
da bundovaneba. es rom ase ar<br />
aris, amis dasasabuTeblad minda<br />
vkiTxo finansTa saministros _ am<br />
proeqtis mixedviT, Tu am saxiT iqca<br />
es proeqti kanonad, 2011 wlis pirvel<br />
aprils rom qonebis gadasaxadis<br />
deklaracia unda warvadgino, romeli<br />
wlis deklaracia iqneba igi?<br />
proeqtSi weria, rom dasabegr qonebaze<br />
(miwis garda) gadasaxadi gadai-<br />
xdeba sagadasaxado wlis 31 dekembris<br />
mdgomareobiT, xolo miwaze<br />
gadasaxadi gadaixdeba sagadasaxado<br />
wlis pirveli aprilis mdgomareobiT;<br />
anu igulisxmeba, rom 2011<br />
wlis pirvel aprils rom warvadgen<br />
deklaracias, iq unda Sevitano miwis<br />
Sesaxeb is monacemi, romelic im<br />
dRisTvis maqvs, aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
sagadasaxado weli aris 2011, oRond<br />
2011 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT,<br />
ra ganakveTi iqneba qonebis gadasaxadze,<br />
2011 wlis pirvel aprils<br />
rogor unda davadgino? xolo Tu<br />
es 2010 wlis deklaraciaa, gamodis,<br />
rom, miwis garda, qonebaze gadasaxadi<br />
imis mixedviT unda gadavixado,<br />
rac mqonda gasuli wlis 31 dekembers,<br />
magram miwas ra vuyo? SarSan<br />
pirvel aprils rom mqonda, imis mixedviT<br />
unda gadavixado? axla rom<br />
aRar maqvs, im miwaze unda gadavixado<br />
qonebis gadasaxadi? an 2010 wlis<br />
deklaraciaSi rogor unda Sevitano<br />
is miwa, romelic 2011 wlis, vTqvaT,<br />
15 Tebervals viyide? gaugebaria<br />
xom, rac davwere? CemTvisac gaugebaria.<br />
imedi maqvs, finansTa saministrosTvis<br />
ar aris gaugebari.<br />
ramden-azrovnebaa es?<br />
7. kodeqsebis gaerTianeba<br />
mTavroba ambobs, rom moxdeba<br />
sagadasaxado da sabaJo kodeqsebis<br />
gaerTianeba, romlis Sedegadac<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdels SeeZleba<br />
Cveulebrivi saqmianobidan warmoSobili<br />
gadasaxadebis zedmetad gadaxdili<br />
Tanxebi gamoiyenos sabaJoze<br />
gadasaxadebis gadaxdisas da rom<br />
dRes es SeuZlebelia.<br />
is, rom `dRes es SeuZlebelia~,<br />
moqmedi kodeqsis pirdapiri darR-<br />
vevaa, radgan sagadasaxado kodeqsi<br />
ar adgens raime gamonakliss romelime<br />
gadasaxadis mixedviT, romlis<br />
CaTvlac sxva gadasaxadSi akrZaluli<br />
iyos; metic, erTi uwyebis sagadasaxado<br />
da sabaJo organoebi Semosavlebis<br />
samsaxuris Semadgeneli<br />
nawilebia. teqnikuri xasiaTis problemis<br />
gadawyvetas ki kodeqsebis<br />
gaerTianeba ar sWirdeba.<br />
am gaerTianebas sxva dabrkolebis<br />
Seqmnac SeuZlia mewarmeebisTvis _<br />
arsebobs mTeli rigi mewarmeebisa,<br />
romlebsac sabaJo kodeqsTan Sexeba<br />
ar aqvT. maT mouwevT mniSvnelovnad<br />
damZimebuli, sqeltaniani kanonis<br />
Seswavla imisTvis, rom terminebis<br />
ganmarteba an sxva raime niuansi ar<br />
gamorCeT.<br />
nebismieri xelisuflebisTvis ajobebs, sanam dabegvris sakiTxebis gadawyvetas<br />
Seudgeba, waikiTxos Tundac `Cipolinos Tavgadasavali~ da gaiTvaliswinos princ<br />
limonos bedi, romelmac gadasaxadebis daweseba scada JuJuna-Tavsxma-kokispirul<br />
wvimaze.<br />
boloTqma<br />
dRes moqmedi kodeqsisa Tu Semo-<br />
Tavazebuli proeqtis Seusabamobebze<br />
dausruleblad SeiZleba saubari.<br />
araferi miTqvams sauravebis<br />
daricxvis wesis Secvlasa Tu mTavrobis<br />
mier gadasaxadis ganakveTis<br />
dawesebis uflebamosilebaze, terminologiur<br />
Tu enobriv uxarisxobaze,<br />
jarimebis araadekvaturobasa Tu<br />
sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevebis<br />
kriminalizaciaze, kidev bevr, erTi<br />
SexedviT, wvrilman sakiTxebze, romlebic<br />
konkretul seriozul problemebTanaa<br />
dakavSirebuli.<br />
mniSvnelovani sxva ram gaxlavT _<br />
nebismieri xelisuflebisTvis ajobebs,<br />
sanam dabegvris sakiTxebis gadawyvetas<br />
Seudgeba, waikiTxos Tundac<br />
`Cipolinos Tavgadasavali~ da<br />
gaiTvaliswinos princ limonos<br />
bedi, romelmac gadasaxadebis daweseba<br />
scada JuJuna-Tavsxma-kokispirul<br />
wvimaze.<br />
36 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
sazogadoeba<br />
sovietologia<br />
warsuli, romelic ar iqca<br />
istoriad<br />
erTaderTi gza, romelic sabWoTa warsuls dagvaSorebs,<br />
misi Seswavla da gadafasebaa.<br />
nino CimakaZe<br />
1968 wels, studenturi amboxis<br />
dros germaniaSi masobrivad da xmamaRla<br />
pirvelad daisva kiTxva _ `Sen<br />
iyavi nacisti?~ kiTxvas studentebi<br />
_ ara sxvebs, aramed pirvel rigSi<br />
sakuTar mSoblebs usvamdnen. istorikosebi<br />
amboben, rom Tuki SeiZleba<br />
davasaxeloT germaniaSi nacisturi<br />
warsulis gadafasebis dawyebis TariRi,<br />
es swored 1968 welia.<br />
aRmosavleT evropas sabWoTa warsulis<br />
gadafasebis talRam 1990-ianebSi<br />
gadauara. CexeTi, slovakeTi,<br />
ungreTi, bulgareTi da baltiispireTi<br />
_ am qveynebma TiTqmis er-<br />
Tdroulad, 1996 wels miiRes lustraciis<br />
kanoni. maT gaasajaroes<br />
warsuli imisTvis, rom is am erebis<br />
nacionalur kompleqsad ar qceuliyo.<br />
istorikosebi Tanxmdebian imazec,<br />
rom realuri winsvla yofili totalitaruli<br />
reJimis monawile qveyne-<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
bs mxolod misi safuZvliani kvlevis<br />
Sedegad SeuZliaT.<br />
sakuTar Tavze gamocdili sabWo-<br />
Ta reJimis miuxedavad, es 70 weli<br />
saqarTveloSi dRemde araa gamokvleuli.<br />
sazogadoebisTvis cnobili<br />
faqtebi sakmaod zedapirulia da ZiriTadad<br />
zepirad gavrcelebul istoriebs<br />
eyrdnoba. sabWoTa imperiis<br />
daSlidan ori aTeuli wlis Semdegac<br />
ki saqarTveloSi praqtikulad ar<br />
arsebobs seriozuli literatura,<br />
romlis saSualebiTac am periodis<br />
gaanalizeba da gadafaseba gaxdeboda<br />
SesaZlebeli. aq uSiSroebis arqivebic<br />
sul ramdenime welia, gaixsna<br />
da es masalebic arasrulyofilia,<br />
radgan maTi didi nawili ganadgurebulia,<br />
nawili ki ruseTSi inaxeba.<br />
amitom, im ori siaxlis gamo, rac<br />
wels moxda, 2010 weli saqarTveloSi<br />
SeiZleba sovietologiis kvlevis dasawyisad<br />
miviCnioT.<br />
wels aq pirvelad daarsda sabWoTa<br />
warsulze momuSave arasamTavrobo<br />
organizacia, ilias universitetSi ki<br />
gaixsna saswavlo programa, romelic<br />
sabWoTa da postsabWoTa sistemebs<br />
Seiswavlis.<br />
`sabWoTa epoqa CvenTvis aris ise-<br />
Ti warsuli, romelic jer istoria<br />
ar gamxdara. is mogvdevs Sleifad da<br />
faqtobrivad dRemde sabWoTa tradiciebSi<br />
vcxovrobT~, _ acxadebs<br />
programis xelmZRvaneli sergo ratiani.<br />
socialur mecnierebaTa fakultetis<br />
mesame kursis studenti, Tako<br />
Tolordava erT-erTi pirvelia, vinc<br />
ukve gadawyvita, swavla am mimarTulebiT<br />
gaagrZelos. Tako sabWoTa<br />
istoriiT SarSan dainteresda, roca<br />
universitetSi saleqcio kursi `sabWoTa<br />
reJimi da misi memkvidreoba~<br />
gaiara.<br />
`aRmovaCine, rom is, rac vicodi<br />
37
sazogadoeba<br />
sabWoTa warsulze, zRvaSi wveTi<br />
iyo. Tu sworad ar gaviazrebT da<br />
gavaanalizebT sabWoTa periods, is<br />
problemebi rac dRes arsebobs, mougvarebeli<br />
darCeba da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
Camoyalibebasac didxans<br />
ver SevZlebT~, _ ambobs mesame kurseli.<br />
ilias universitetSi saleqcio<br />
kurss _ sabWoTa istoriis Sesavals<br />
istorikosi laSa baqraZe uZRveba. es<br />
kursi arCeviT sagnad iswavleba da<br />
mas bakalavrebi da magistrantebi<br />
gadian.<br />
`aranairi gardatexa ar moxdeba,<br />
Tu sabWoTa warsuli ar gavaanalizeT.<br />
amis naTeli magaliTia germania,<br />
romelmac SeZlo, Tavisi warsulisTvis<br />
Tvali gaesworebina~, _<br />
acxadebs baqraZe da dasZens, rom am<br />
periodis mxolod calsaxa da ideologizirebuli<br />
Seswavla ar unda<br />
moxdes, qarTvelebma ki, mxolod rogorc<br />
msxverplma, ar unda warmovidginoT<br />
Tavi:<br />
`Cven msxverplic viyaviT da damnaSavec.<br />
unda moxdes sabWoTa kavSiris<br />
deideologizirebuli kritika<br />
da mecnieruli kvleva~, _ ambobs<br />
baqraZe.<br />
deideologizaciis rekomendacias<br />
aZlevs qarTvel mkvlevrebs politikur<br />
mecnierebaTa amerikeli doqtori<br />
timoTi bloveltic, romelic<br />
ilias universitets stumrobda leqciiT<br />
_ `sovietologiis istoria inglisurenovan<br />
samyaroSi~.<br />
`mesmis, rom rodesac sakuTar<br />
Tavze gaqvT yvelaferi gamocdili,<br />
Znelia obieqturi iyo, magram<br />
Tu mecnieruli Seswavla da kvleva<br />
gindaT, maSin ukeTesia, am epoqisgan<br />
distancireba moxdes~, _ aRniSnavs<br />
blovelti.<br />
sergo ratiani am azrs ar eTanxme-<br />
ba, radgan miiCnevs, rom sabWoTa totalitaruli<br />
sistema calsaxad negatiuri<br />
iyo da amitom misi dadebiTi<br />
mxareebis Zieba uSedego iqneba:<br />
`rogorc nacisturi germania iyo<br />
totalitaruli saxelmwifo da is<br />
iyo boroteba, aseve iyo sabWoTa kav-<br />
Siric. amitom saWiroa, SeviswavloT,<br />
Tu ram gamoiwvia totalitarizmi.<br />
unda viyoT principulebi Rirebulebebis<br />
SefasebaSi~, _ acxadebs ratiani.<br />
ilias universitetSi am samagistro<br />
kursze ucxoel profesorebs miiwveven.<br />
swavlebas gauZRvebian qarTveli<br />
profesorebic, romlebic sabWoTa<br />
kavSirs sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT,<br />
ukve ramdenime welia, ikvleven.<br />
Tumca, radgan sabWoTa periodis<br />
specialistebi cotani arian,<br />
Tsu-s ruseTismcodneobis samagistro<br />
programis meore kursis studenti<br />
daTo jiSkariani ambobs, rom<br />
saswavlo procesi universitetSi<br />
srulyofili ar aris.<br />
sabWoTa epoqas ori semestri eTmoba<br />
ruseTismcodneobis programaSi,<br />
romelic Tsu-s humanitarul<br />
mecnierebaTa fakultetze 2008 wlidan<br />
arsebobs. studentebi sabWoTa<br />
istorias da sabWoTa ideologiur<br />
sistemas cal-calke sagnebad swavloben<br />
da amisTvis uSiSroebis arqivebsac<br />
ikvleven.<br />
programis xelmZRvanelis, profesor<br />
dali kandelakis TqmiT, magistrantebis<br />
yvelaze did interess<br />
swored es ori sagani iwvevs.<br />
Tumca, Tsu-Si amJamad aseTi dainteresebuli<br />
sul eqvsi studenti<br />
swavlobs. 2009 wels ki miReba magistraturis<br />
am programaze saerTod<br />
CaiSala, radgan ruseTisa da sabWoTa<br />
sistemis kvleva arc erTma studentma<br />
ar isurva. kandelaki amas studen-<br />
tebis arasaTanado informirebulobas<br />
abralebs:<br />
`am kursis popularizacia universitetSi<br />
ar xdeba, amitom ar vici,<br />
momaval wels Tu mainc Sedgeba axali<br />
jgufi~, _ aRniSnavs kandelaki.<br />
24 wlis daTo jiSkarianma, romelic<br />
manamde istoriis fakultetze<br />
swavlobda, am programis arCeva 2008<br />
wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Semdeg<br />
gadawyvita. `maSin davaskveni,<br />
rom aucileblad gvWirdeba ruseTis<br />
safuZvliani Seswavla. gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki sabWoTa da Semdgomi periodis<br />
gaanalizeba. dRes saqarTveloSi<br />
gardamavali periodia da Tu gvinda,<br />
rom es etapi warmatebulad gadavlaxoT,<br />
aucileblad unda vicodeT, sad<br />
viyaviT manamde~, _ ambobs jiSkariani,<br />
romelic axla samagistro naSro-<br />
`sabWoTa epoqa CvenTvis aris iseTi warsuli, romelic jer istoria ar gamxdara.<br />
is mogvdevs Sleifad da faqtobrivad dRemde sabWoTa tradiciebSi vcxovrobT~.<br />
misTvis 1937 wlis represiebis detalebs<br />
ikvlevs.<br />
msgavsi mizani aqvs wels daarsebul<br />
7-wevrian arasamTavrobo organizaciasac<br />
`sabWoTa warsulis<br />
kvlevis laboratorias~, romelic<br />
axla teroris topografiuli rukis<br />
Seqmnaze muSaobs. rukaze daitanen<br />
terorTan da represiebTan dakav-<br />
Sirebul adgilebs: saxlebs, sadac<br />
cxovrobdnen represirebulebi, cixeebs,<br />
daxvretis adgilebs, saidumlo<br />
organizaciebis Sexvedris adgilebsa<br />
da konspiraciul binebs.<br />
wlis bolosTvis organizacia vebgverdis<br />
gakeTebasac apirebs, sadac<br />
sabWoTa periodis Sesaxeb foto da<br />
teqstur masalasa da uSiSroebis arqivebis<br />
dokumentebsac atvirTaven.<br />
Tumca is, rasac laboratoriaSi<br />
akeTeben da is, rac or saxelmwifo<br />
universitetSi ukve dainerga, qar-<br />
Tuli sabWoTa warsulis gadasafaseblad<br />
gadadgmuli jer mxolod pirveli<br />
nabijebia.<br />
38 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
olo ori kviraa, Tbilisis da<br />
regionebis yvela skolis direqtori<br />
Tavis rigs elodeba _ gana-<br />
Tlebis saministroSi „arian dabarebulebi“.<br />
iq misulebi specialur<br />
komisias xvdebian da ramdenime<br />
saaTis ganmavlobaSi Tav-TavianTi<br />
skolebis saStato ganrigs ganixilaven.<br />
`SiSiT velodebiT, ar viciT, iqidan<br />
rom gamovalT, ra iqneba, _<br />
ambobs erT-erTi maTgani, _ uceb<br />
dagvibares, saswrafod unda mogvardes<br />
yvelaferio“.<br />
saStato ganrigebi direqtorebma,<br />
didi xania, saministros gadaugzavnes,<br />
Tumca maTi TqmiT, am<br />
dokumentacias ganaTlebis saministroSi<br />
bolo dromde yuradRebas<br />
ar aqcevdnen. axla ki masalis<br />
daCqarebul ganxilvas maswavle-<br />
blebisa da skolis sxva TanamSromlebis<br />
samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba<br />
sdevs Tan.<br />
skolidan TanamSromlebis<br />
saswrafo gaSveba, romelsac gana-<br />
Tlebis saministroSi kategoriulad<br />
ar naTlaven „Semcirebad“,<br />
maisis arCevnebis Semdeg ganaTlebis<br />
saministros mier wamowyebuli<br />
meore mtkivneuli cvlilebaa,<br />
romelic pirvels _ direqtorebis<br />
daniSvnis proeqts mohyva kvaldakval<br />
da masTan kavSirSia.<br />
am proeqtis mixedviT, romelic<br />
parlamentma, savaraudod, seqtemberSi<br />
unda daamtkicos, saqarTvelos<br />
ori aTasamde skolaSi direqtorebs<br />
mxolod saministrosTan<br />
gasaubrebis Semdeg gaanawileben.<br />
direqtorTa daniSvnis proeqtis<br />
erT-erTi iniciatori TviTonac<br />
sazogadoeba<br />
ganaTleba<br />
saministroSi dabarebulebi<br />
ukve Cans imis niSnebi, Tu risTvis sWirdeba ganaTlebis saministros 2 aTasamde<br />
sajaro skolaSi direqtorebis daniSvna.<br />
rusudan fanoziSvili<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
dimitri SaSkinis Sexvedra skolebis direqtorebTan<br />
direqtoria, Tanac _ arCeuli.<br />
aluda gogliCiZe 42-e sajaro<br />
skolis direqtorad 3 wlis win<br />
sameurveo sabWom airCia. Tumca,<br />
axla ambobs, rom sameurveo sabWoebi<br />
saTanadod kompetenturebi ar<br />
iyvnen, maTTvis amxela pasuxismgebloba<br />
rom dagvekisrebina, ris<br />
gamoc maT bevr skolaSi Rirseuli<br />
direqtorebi ver airCies.<br />
gogliCiZe am iniciativis kritikosTa<br />
mosazrebas eTanxmeba da acxadebs,<br />
rom direqtorebis daniSvna<br />
swored zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis<br />
centralizaciisken gadadgmuli nabijia,<br />
Tumca amaSi cuds verafers<br />
xedavs: „fsevdodemokratias nu vi-<br />
TamaSebT... unda daisvas kiTxva: visia<br />
skola? ganaTlebis saministro<br />
aris skolis damfuZnebeli da is<br />
aris masze pasuxismgebelic“.<br />
ganaTlebis ministri da aluda<br />
gogliCiZe amtkiceben, rom axal<br />
iniciativas yvela direqtori didi<br />
mowonebiT Sexvda. Tumca, „liberali“<br />
esaubra direqtorebs, romelTa<br />
nawilsac, miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom uflebebi ezrdebaT, cvlileba<br />
mainc Secdomad miaCnia.<br />
„skolebis avtonomiurobis ideas<br />
bolo moeReba, es skolebze kontrolis<br />
mopovebis iaraRi iqneba“,<br />
_ ambobs Tbilisis erT-erTi sajaro<br />
skolis direqtori, romelmac,<br />
ramdenime kolegis msgavsad,<br />
gvTxova, misi vinaoba ar dagvesaxelebina:<br />
imis gamo, rom saministros<br />
gadawyvetilebisadmi kritikuli<br />
damokidebuleba aqvT, direqtorebs<br />
samsaxuris dakargvis eSiniaT.<br />
ukan gadadgmul nabijad miaCnia<br />
39
sazogadoeba<br />
es cvlileba 161-e skolis direqtors,<br />
miSa mindaZesac, Tumca, imasac<br />
dasZens, rom sxva gamosavali ar<br />
iyo. „sameurveo sabWoebma marTla<br />
ar gaamarTla, vidre sxva gamosavali<br />
moiZebneba, Cemi azriT, daniSvna<br />
tragedia araa~, _ ambobs mindaZe.<br />
oTxwliani muSaobis Tavze sameurveo<br />
sabWoebis araefeqturoba<br />
arc ganaTlebis eqspertebisTvisaa<br />
sakamaTo da arc direqtorebis-<br />
Tvis. sabWos bevrma wevrma sakuTari<br />
funqciebis gaazreba marTlac<br />
ver SeZlo. skolis saerTo interesebis<br />
nacvlad ki, direqtorebis<br />
TqmiT, sabWos maswavlebeli wevrebi<br />
xelfasis momatebaze fiqrobdnen,<br />
mSoblebi _ Svilebis maRal<br />
niSnebze.<br />
„ki magram, rodis da rogor dai-<br />
xvewebian sameurveo sabWoebi, Tu<br />
maT uflebebs ase SevuzRudavT?<br />
ganviTareba gamocdilebam ar unda<br />
moitanos?~ _ kiTxvas svams Tbilisis<br />
erT-erTi sajaro skolis ar-<br />
Ceuli direqtori. 165-e skolis<br />
direqtors, lia gigaurs ki miaCnia,<br />
rom skolis sameurveo sabWoebi<br />
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gaamar-<br />
Tlebs, Tu mis wevrebs saTanadod<br />
gadaamzadeben.<br />
direqtorebis daniSvnis gadawyvetilebas<br />
TviTon ganaTlebis<br />
ministri, dimitri SaSkini imiT<br />
xsnis, rom lototronis sistemam<br />
ar imuSava, daniSvnis Semdeg ki is<br />
direqtorebic ufro igrZnoben pasuxismgeblobas,<br />
romlebic dRemde<br />
arc aurCeviaT da arc daumtkicebiaT<br />
da movaleobis Semsrulebleblad<br />
rCebian.<br />
pirveli mniSvnelovani pasuxismgebloba<br />
ki, rasac dasaniSni direqtorebi,<br />
saministros gadawyve-<br />
tilebiT, sakuTar Tavze aiReben,<br />
swored skolebis saStato ganrigis<br />
Semcireba iqneba. maswavleblis<br />
sruli ganakveTi 18 saaTia, vinc<br />
kviraSi amaze gacilebiT naklebs<br />
muSaobs, unda gaaTavisuflon. zog<br />
skolaSi biblioTekarisa da organizatoris<br />
saWiroebis sakiTxi daayenes<br />
eWvqveS, zogan _ eqimebisa<br />
da eqTnebis, _ maTi saqme axla<br />
mandaturebmac iciano.<br />
„me biblioTekari gamaSvebines,<br />
romelic Zalian mWirdeboda“, _<br />
ambobs erTi direqtori. 165-e skolis<br />
direqtorma, lia gigaurma ki,<br />
vidre saministroSi Sexvedraze<br />
wavidoda, TviTonve daiwyo Statebis<br />
Sekvecaze zrunva: `xelovnebis<br />
erTma maswavlebelma, romelsac<br />
cota saaTi hqonda, ukve datova<br />
skola, meores ki, romelic ukve<br />
moxucia, axla vuTxari, xom ar ifiqrebT<br />
skolidan wasvlaze-meTqi“,<br />
_ ambobs lia gigauri.<br />
maswavleblebis arakvalificiuri<br />
nawili rom Sesamcirebelia, amaze<br />
ganaTlebis sferos eqspertebi,<br />
didi xania, msjeloben. Tumca, direqtorebi<br />
`liberalTan~ saubarSi<br />
acxadeben, rom pedagogebis da-<br />
Txovnis saSualebas bolo 3 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi maT TviTon ganaTlebis<br />
saministro ar aZlevda.<br />
„Cems maswavleblebs Tavidan samTviani<br />
xelSekrulebebi gavuforme.<br />
es maT motivacias umaRlebda.<br />
mere saministroSi gviTxres, _<br />
erTwliani xelSekruleba daude-<br />
To, Semdeg _ samwliani, bolos _<br />
uvadoo“, _ ixsenebs erT-erTi ar-<br />
Ceuli direqtori, romelic aseve<br />
inkognitod darCenas gvTxovs.<br />
„gamodis, rom maswavleblebis<br />
ganawyeneba ar undodaT. ase rom<br />
ar yofiliyo, aqamde dabali kvalifikaciis<br />
mqone maswavleblebi<br />
isedac aRar unda darCeniliyvnen<br />
skolaSi. axla ki, araswori principiT,<br />
„saStato ganrigis daxvewis~<br />
argumentiT, naCqarevad gviwevs<br />
brZanebis Sesruleba, Tan is maswavleblebi<br />
toveben skolas, visac<br />
naklebi saaTi aqvs, da ara isini,<br />
vinc cudad aswavlis. naklebi saaTebi<br />
ki ufro axalgazrdebs aqvT.<br />
amitom, bevr karg maswavlebels<br />
mouwevs skolidan wasvla~, _ ambobs<br />
erT-erTi direqtori.<br />
direqtorTa asociaciis aRmasrulebel<br />
direqtors, Tea TuTberiZes<br />
miaCnia, rom maswavleblebis<br />
ukmayofilebis gamowvevas aqamde<br />
ganaTlebis saministro adgilobrivi<br />
TviTmmarTvelobis arCev-<br />
sajaro skolebidan direqtorebis mier kadrebis gaTavisufleba SeiZleba imis<br />
pirvel niSnad CaiTvalos, rom saministro centralizebul sistemaSi daniSnul<br />
direqtorebs legitimurad gamoiyenebs sakuTari miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.<br />
nebis gamo erideboda. Tumca, realurad,<br />
ganaTlebis saministro<br />
maT arc axla gaanawyenebs. am saqmes<br />
direqtorebi Seasruleben _<br />
`saStato ganrigis daxvewis mizniT“.<br />
„ra, pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar<br />
Tavze ver iRebo? _ miTxres, roca<br />
winaaRmdegobis gaweva da biblio-<br />
Tekaris Statis SenarCuneba vcade,<br />
_ ambobs erTi direqtori da<br />
dasZens, _ verafers gavxdi”.<br />
xuTi wlis winaT dawyebuli gana-<br />
Tlebis reformebis kursi ukve Sefarvis<br />
<strong>gareSe</strong> icvleba, rasac direqtorebis<br />
daniSvnis Sesaxeb bolo<br />
iniciativac adasturebs. sajaro skolebidan<br />
direqtorebis mier kadrebis<br />
gaTavisufleba ki SeiZleba imis pirvel<br />
niSnad CaiTvalos, rom saministro<br />
centralizebul sistemaSi daniSnul<br />
direqtorebs legitimurad<br />
gamoiyenebs sakuTari miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.<br />
40 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
sazogadoeba<br />
samedicino Jurnali `mkurnali.ji~<br />
geSinodeT sakuTari vnebebis<br />
samedicino Jurnal `mkurnalis~ veb-gverdze, Jurnalis eqimebi onlain pacientebs,<br />
samedicino konsultaciis nacvlad, sasuliero SegonebebiT moZRvraven.<br />
anita Tvauri<br />
`minda mogiyveT Cemze. var 18 wlis<br />
gogona. bavSvobidan mizidavda gogonebTan<br />
urTierToba... vcade biWTan<br />
kontaqtic, vifiqre, raRac Seicvleboda,<br />
magram _ piriqiT. vici, sazogadoebisTvis<br />
miuRebelia da es Zalian<br />
maSinebs. hormonebi gamovikvlie da<br />
yvelaferi normaSi maqvs. fsiqolog-<br />
Tan davdiodi da araferi gansakuTrebuli<br />
ar uTqvams, garda daSinebisa,<br />
rom sazogadoeba gamriyavs. mainteresebs<br />
amaze Tqveni azri. gmadlobT<br />
winaswar~, _ am kiTxviT ucnobma gogonam<br />
samedicino Jurnalis _ `ojaxis<br />
mkurnalis~ eqimebs amave Jurnalis<br />
veb-gverdis meSveobiT mimarTa.<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
`Tqven sazogadoebis ki ara, sakuTari<br />
vnebebis unda geSinodeT. pirovnebas<br />
sazogadoeba ki ar aqcevs zurgs,<br />
aramed igi Tavad aqcevs sazogadoebas<br />
zurgs. unda icodeT, rom jansaRi sazogadoeba<br />
taSs ver daukravs homoseqsualebsa<br />
da lesboselebs. maSin ra<br />
daaSaves narkomanebma, isinic xom Tavis<br />
survilebs ikmayofileben?~ _ iyo<br />
pasuxi.<br />
samedicino Jurnali `mkurnali~,<br />
romelic 2001 wlidan, or kviraSi<br />
erTxel gamodis beWduri saxiT, ukve<br />
ori welia, Tavis erTgul mkiTxvels<br />
yvelaze intimuri kiTxvebis dasmis<br />
saSualebas aZlevs _ anonimurad, veb-<br />
gverdis saSualebiT. `aravisTvis aris<br />
saidumlo, rom dRes sazogadoebis<br />
udides nawils samedicino momsaxurebaze<br />
xeli ar miuwvdeba... bevri xsnas<br />
TviTmkurnalobaSi eZebs. samwuxarod,<br />
aseT dros Secdomis albaToba didia,<br />
Secdomis gamosworeba ki medicinaSi<br />
TiTqmis yovelTvis rodi xerxdeba~...<br />
_ ase xsnis `mkurnalis~ redaqcia virtualuri<br />
kiTxva-pasuxis mizans da<br />
mkiTxvels arwmunebs, rom pacientebis<br />
kiTxvebze pasuxebs profesionali,<br />
sertificirebuli eqimebi weren.<br />
seqsisa da homoseqsualobis Temebi<br />
Cvens sazogadoebaSi dRemde tabuirebulia.<br />
sajarod amis Sesaxeb<br />
41<br />
ilustracia sofo kirTaZe / wignis saxelosno
sazogadoeba<br />
yviTeli presis an sensaciuri gadacemebis<br />
formatSi Tu laparakoben.<br />
radio `Tavisuflebis~ korespondentis,<br />
kulturolog salome asaTianis<br />
azriT, tabus uryevad SenarCunebas<br />
sami faqtori uwyobs xels: sabWoTa<br />
mentaliteti, romlis mixedviTac homoseqsualoba<br />
kriminalad iTvleboda,<br />
kavkasiuri kulturuli tradiciebi<br />
da marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gavlena.<br />
albaT amitomac sqesobriv problemebze<br />
eqimebTan pirispir laparakis<br />
nacvlad, `mkurnalis~ anonimur<br />
momsaxurebas bevri amjobinebs. es ki<br />
am veb-gverdis mzard popularobas<br />
ganapirobebs. `top.ji~-s monacemebiT,<br />
romelic qarTuli internet-gverdebis<br />
reitings zomavs, `mkurnals~ _<br />
kviraSi 3 aTasamde unikaluri momxmarebeli,<br />
dReSi ki 500 vizitori hyavs.<br />
aq moqalaqeebisgan zogjer dReSi asi<br />
kiTxvac ki Sedis. dRemde am veb-gverds<br />
konsultaciisTvis 8 aTasamde virtualurma<br />
pacientma mimarTa.<br />
veb-gverdis im ganyofilebebSi,<br />
romlebSic stomatologiis, onkologiis<br />
Tu qirurgiis sferodan kiTxvebi<br />
qveyndeba, pasuxebi marTlac samedicino<br />
xasiaTisaa. magram rogorc ki ki-<br />
Txva adamianis seqsualur cxovrebas<br />
exeba, `mkurnalebis~ toni mkacri da<br />
Semgonebluri xdeba. eqimi-konsultantis<br />
nacvlad, im wuTas dogmatikosi<br />
Teologi laparakobs.<br />
ai, magaliTad gogona, romelic<br />
SeyvarebulTan seqsualuri aqtis Semdeg<br />
sisxlis denis mizeziT dainteresda,<br />
`mkurnalis~ konsultantisgan<br />
aseT pasuxs iRebs: `yvelafers rom<br />
Tavisi saxeli davarqvaT, Tqven CaidineT<br />
siZvis codva~.<br />
msgavs pasuxs iReben analuri an<br />
oraluri seqsis zianis miyenebis albaTobiT<br />
dainteresebuli mkiTxvelebic.<br />
`oraluri seqsi iseTive simaxinjea,<br />
rogoric iqneboda, magaliTad<br />
ukana tanidan Wama, yurebidan mo-<br />
Sardva an TvalebiT siaruli. ufalma<br />
adamiani Seqmna srulyofil arsebad....<br />
[mis] TiToeul organos garkveuli<br />
daniSnuleba da funqcia aqvs da rodesac<br />
adamiani cdilobs funqciaTa<br />
Secvlas, igi kanonzomierebis winaaRmdeg<br />
midis, anu ufals ewinaaRmdegeba~,<br />
_ pasuxoben samedicino konsultaciis<br />
momlodine pacientebs eqimebi.<br />
`Tqven mamakacad gaCndiT da mamakacuri<br />
orientacia Tqveni sakuTrebaa.<br />
aratradiciuli orientaciis mimdevrebi<br />
romeli sqesis warmomadgenlebi<br />
arian? mgoni _ arc erTis, adamians ki<br />
sqesi aucileblad unda hqondes. gamodis,<br />
rom roca orientacias icvli,<br />
`oraluri seqsi iseTive simaxinjea, rogoric<br />
iqneboda, magaliTad ukana tanidan Wama, yurebidan<br />
moSardva an TvalebiT siaruli. ufalma adamiani<br />
Seqmna srulyofil arsebad...~<br />
adamianobaze ambob uars~, _ aseTia<br />
maTi pasuxi seqsualuri umciresobebis<br />
mimarT. `mkurnalis~ eqimebi<br />
pacientebs moZRvarTan misvlas da<br />
monaniebas, an `sapatriarqosTan arsebul<br />
fsiqologiuri daxmarebis centrSi~<br />
vizits urCeven.<br />
`mkurnali.ji~-s veb-gverdis mier<br />
daqiravebuli eqimebis CamonaTvalSi<br />
eqvsi Terapevti, qirurgi, pediatri,<br />
eqim-epidemiologi da erTi fsiqologi<br />
Sedis. Tumca, yvela sxva saxis<br />
kiTxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, adamianebis<br />
intimur cxovrebaze pasuxebi eqimis<br />
miTiTebis <strong>gareSe</strong> qveyndeba. Jurnalis<br />
mTavari redaqtori Tamar mamacaSvili<br />
`liberalTan~ satelefono<br />
saubarSi ambobs, rom eqimis saxelis<br />
miTiTeba saWiro arcaa, radgan mar-<br />
Talia, kiTxvebs sxvadasxva eqimi pasuxobs,<br />
magram maTi pasuxebi redaqciis<br />
erTiani poziciaa, Sinaarsze pasuxsac,<br />
Sesabamisad, redaqcia agebs.<br />
`mkurnali.ji~-s redaqcia daxurul,<br />
gasaidumloebul organizacias hgavs.<br />
`Tu ginda, bnelebi gviwodeT, Tqveni<br />
azri Cven Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani ar<br />
aris. Cvens religiur Sexedulebebze<br />
veb-gverdze ukve davwereT da amaze<br />
saubars saWirod aRar vTvliT. Tu<br />
vinmes Cveni religiuri Sexedulebebi<br />
aRizianebs, es maTi problemaa~, _ am<br />
sityvebiT gveubneba uars Tamar mamacaSvili<br />
redaqciaSi stumrobaze.<br />
`Cven yvelaferze erTiani pozicia<br />
gvaqvs da Tu rame kiTxva gaqvT, Tamar<br />
mamacaSvili gagcemT pasuxs~, _<br />
gvpasuxobs Jurnalis erT-erTi eqimi<br />
marika dvali, romelic, `mkurnalis~<br />
garda, `aversis klinikaSic~ muSaobs.<br />
`eqimi uwinaresad profesionali<br />
unda iyos, romlis kompetenciaSic ar<br />
Sedis imis dadgena, Tu ra aris codva~,<br />
_ acxadebs salome asaTiani.<br />
`msgavsi pasuxebi eqimebis imijs<br />
azianebs~, _ ganmartavs samecniero kvleviTi<br />
centris RADIX-is prezidenti<br />
zurab alxaniSvili. misi TqmiT, pacients<br />
eqimTan misvlamde isedac fsiqologiuri<br />
barieris gadalaxva uwevs,<br />
rogoricaa SiSi, moridebuloba da<br />
intimur sakiTxebze saubari. am fonze<br />
ki eqimebis aseTi pasuxebi `arakompetenturoba<br />
da samedicino eTikis<br />
darRvevaa~.<br />
saqarTvelos eqimis kodeqsi 2003<br />
wels saqarTvelos eqimTa pirvelma<br />
kongresma miiRo. am kodeqsis mixedviT,<br />
`eqimi pativs unda scemdes pacientis<br />
pirovnebas, mis kulturul,<br />
sulier da moralur faseulobebs~.<br />
jandacvis saministrosTan arsebuli<br />
profesiuli ganviTarebis sabWo, samedicino<br />
SecdomebTan erTad, samedicino<br />
eTikis darRvevis faqtebsac<br />
ganixilavs. Tumca, eqimis eTikurobis<br />
sakiTxi sabWom mxolod mas Semdeg<br />
SeiZleba ganixilos, rac mas pacienti<br />
mimarTavs saCivriT. `amgvari Jurnalis<br />
Sesaxeb araferi msmenia. miT<br />
umetes, rodesac internetSi dasmul<br />
kiTxvebzea saubari, ra garantia gva-<br />
42 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
qvs, rom marTlac eqimi pasuxobs? Tu<br />
vinmem Seuracxyofilad igrZno Tavi,<br />
mogvmarTos, daasabuTos, rom pasuxi<br />
marTlac sertificirebulma eqimma<br />
gasca da Cven gamovikvlevT~, _ ambobs<br />
jandacvis saministros aparatis<br />
ufrosi Tamar manjaviZe.<br />
Tumca, `mkurnali.ji~-sTvis dRemde<br />
aravis uCivlia. isic gaurkvevelia,<br />
akmayofilebT Tu ara virtualur<br />
pacientebs samedicino rCevebis nacvlad<br />
gacemuli sasuliero Segonebebi.<br />
amitom mxolod SeiZleba vivaraudoT,<br />
rogor grZnobs Tavs pasuxebis<br />
miRebis Semdeg Tundac is 18 wlis<br />
gogona, romelmac, anonimurobis imediT,<br />
gabeda da yvelaze intimur seqsualur<br />
saidumloebaze sajarod<br />
ilaparaka. `adamianebs, romlebic ver<br />
umklavdebian sakuTar ltolvas da<br />
verc sazogadoebriv wnexs uZleben,<br />
romelic mas codvilis, garyvnilis<br />
iarliys akravs, Sinagani konfliqti<br />
uRvivdebaT da negatiuri TviTSefaseba<br />
uyalibdebaT. aman ki, mZime SemTxvevaSi,<br />
adamiani SeiZleba suicidamdec<br />
ki miiyvanos~, _ acxadebs qalTa<br />
iniciativebis mxardamWeri jgufis<br />
direqtori, eka aRdgomelaSvili.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, `mkurnalis~ vebgverdze<br />
amgvar komentarebs stumrebi<br />
mainc iSviaTad toveben: `mixaria, rom<br />
aseTi kargi veb-gverdi arsebobs, magram<br />
rodesac konkretuli SekiTxviT<br />
mogmarTaven da Tqven morals ukiTxavT,<br />
ratom aZlevT Tavs amis uflebas,<br />
rom sxva adamiani gansajoT, esec xom<br />
aramarTlmadidebluria?~<br />
kidev ufro kritikuli Sefasebebi<br />
ki mxolod sxva veb-gverdebze da<br />
socialur qsel `feisbuqSi~ vrceldeba:<br />
`rwmenisTvis arsebobs eklesia...<br />
magram me roca mainteresebs pasuxi<br />
imaze, Tu ratom maslokinebs samSaba-<br />
TobiT, amaze unda miviRo pasuxi, da<br />
ara marxvaze da sulier wiaRsvlebze~.<br />
`eqimi valdebulia, umkurnalos<br />
sxeulsac da ecados, dadebiTi muxti<br />
Seitanos pacientis sulier mdgomareobaSi.<br />
es maTi gankiTxvisTvis ki ara,<br />
maTsave sasikeTod keTdeba~, _ pasu-<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
xobs redaqcia, sadac acxadeben, rom<br />
`mkurnalis~ mimarT kritika bolo<br />
xans gaxSirda, imata redaqciaSi agresiuli<br />
Sinaarsis zarebmac.<br />
mRvdel vladimer vaxtangaZes<br />
`mkurnalis~ Sesaxeb arasdros smenia,<br />
mis sawinaaRmdegos verafers xedavs,<br />
magram acxadebs: `nebismierma eqimma,<br />
pirvel rigSi, sakuTari misia unda<br />
Seasrulos pirnaTlad. misi valdebulebaa,<br />
pacienti gankurnos. Tuki, is<br />
kompetenturia religiur sakiTxebSi,<br />
dasaSvebia, rCeva misces, magram eqimisgan<br />
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba ar<br />
unda modiodes~.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom eTikis kodeqsi<br />
eqimebs avaldebulebs, pacients<br />
sruli informacia miawodon sakuTari<br />
daavadebis Sesaxeb, maT arc erT<br />
pasuxSi ar uxsenebiaT is, rom jandacvis<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciam 1990<br />
wels homoseqsualoba daavadebaTa<br />
klasifikatoridan amoiRo. samedicino<br />
praqtikas ki, rogorc eka aRdgomelaSvili<br />
ambobs, homoseqsualobisgan<br />
`gankurnebis~ SemTxveva ar axsovs.<br />
salome asaTianis SefasebiT, imis<br />
nacvlad, rom eqimebi sazogadoebaSi<br />
gamefebuli stereotipebis winaaRmdeg<br />
gamodiodnen, TavianTi pasuxebiT<br />
isini Tavad Tesaven Seuracxmyofel<br />
da siZulviliT gaJRenTil kliSeebs.<br />
iseT pasuxebs, rogoricaa _ homoseqsualoba<br />
udris `adamianobaze<br />
uaris Tqmas~ da `bunebis winaaRmdeg<br />
wasvlas~ _ medicinasTan araferi<br />
aqvs saerTo. es mxolod iaffasiani<br />
moralizmis magaliTia~, _ dasZens<br />
asaTiani.<br />
`mkurnalis~ redaqciaSi acxadeben,<br />
rom maTi kiTxva-pasuxis onlain sistema<br />
upirispirdeba gaumarTav jandacvis<br />
sistemas da TviTmkurnalobis<br />
SemTxvevebs, rac xSiria, imitom rom<br />
adamianebi eqimebs ver mimarTaven. Tumca,<br />
im konsultacias, rasac isedac<br />
daxurul sazogadoebaSi `mkurnali~<br />
pacients sTavazobs, SesaZloa, kidev<br />
ufro mZime Sedegi hqondes, vidre fizikuri<br />
travmebi da sakuTar seqsualur<br />
orientaciaSi gaurkvevlobaa.<br />
sazogadoeba<br />
gamoiwereT<br />
Jurnali<br />
liberali<br />
beWduri versia<br />
12 nomeri _ 3 Tve<br />
22 lari<br />
24 nomeri _ 6 Tve<br />
45 lari<br />
48 nomeri _ 1 weli<br />
90 lari<br />
PDF versia<br />
12 nomeri _ 3 Tve<br />
13 lari<br />
24 nomeri _ 6 Tve<br />
25 lari<br />
48 nomeri _ 1 weli<br />
50 lari<br />
Jurnalis gamosawerad<br />
dagvikavSirdiT telefonebze:<br />
23 37 31, (899) 48 62 41<br />
an mogvawodeT Tqveni<br />
sakontaqto informacia<br />
el-fostiT: info@liberali.ge<br />
43
sazogadoeba<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
ra elis operas?<br />
nestan TaTaraSvili, arqiteqtor-restavratori<br />
Tbilisis operas samSeneblo Robe<br />
aqvs Semovlebuli. uaxloes xanSi<br />
misi aRdgena-ganaxlebis procesia<br />
dagegmili, rac kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs<br />
am didebuli Senobis saintereso<br />
istorias, romelic 1896 wlis 3<br />
noembers, „Tbilisis saxazino operis<br />
Teatris“ saxeliT, sazeimod gaixsna.<br />
Senobas rekonstruqcia pirvelad<br />
1954 wels Cautares, magram maSin<br />
mxolod foie da darbazis morTuloba<br />
Secvales. 1961 wels operis<br />
scena daamSvena cnobili qarTveli<br />
mxatvris sergo qobulaZis mier moxatulma<br />
fardam. Tumca, 1973 wlis<br />
9 maiss momxdari xanZris gamo, roca<br />
Teatris didi nawili ganadgurda,<br />
Senobis sruli ganaxleba gaxda sa-<br />
Wiro. arqiteqtorebis, leri meZmariaSvilis<br />
da murTaz CaCaniZis<br />
gamarjvebuli proeqtis mixedviT,<br />
Teatris interieri gafarTovda da<br />
Tavdapirveli garegnobac srulad<br />
SeunarCunda. Tumca, sergo qobula-<br />
Tbilisis opera<br />
dangreuli saxli<br />
TabukaSvilis quCaze<br />
Zis mier moxatuli farda maSin ar<br />
aRudgeniaT. baton leri meZmariaSvilis<br />
TqmiT, es sakiTxi TiTqmis<br />
gadawyvetili iyo, magram amas mxatvris<br />
gardacvalebam SeuSala xeli.<br />
dRes opera kvlav SesakeTebelia.<br />
amjerad fundamentis gamagreba, fasadebisa<br />
da interieris restavracia<br />
da scenis ukana sivrcis gegmarebiTi<br />
gaumjobeseba igegmeba. Tumca qobulaZis<br />
fardis aRdgenis sakiTxi<br />
dRes saerTod ar ganixileba.<br />
operis ganaxlebis samuSaoebs<br />
kvlav arqiteqtori leri meZmariaS-<br />
vili uxelmZRvanelebs. Tumca, Cndeba<br />
kiTxva _ rogor ganaaxleben operas,<br />
rusTavelisa da marjaniSvilis<br />
Teatrebis, an universitetis msgavsad<br />
xom ara? miT umetes, rom damfinansebeli<br />
igivea _ biZina ivaniSvili,<br />
rac imas niSnavs, rom finansebi<br />
uSurvelad gamoiyofa, xarisxze ki<br />
aravin iqneba pasuxismgebeli. Zegl-<br />
Ta dacvis saxelmwifo struqturebi<br />
rom vargodes, es ase ar iqneboda,<br />
magram CvenTvis es xom dauZleveli<br />
problemaa.<br />
operasTan erTad ganaxldeba misi<br />
mimdebare teritoriac, radgan ukve<br />
operis sakuTrebaSia TabukaSvilisa<br />
da laRiZis quCebis kuTxeSi arsebuli<br />
nasaxlari N44/3. es Senoba, romelsac<br />
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis arqiteqturuli<br />
Zeglis statusi hqonda<br />
miniWebuli, gasul wels daingra. mis<br />
gverdiT arsebuli operis saxelosnoebic<br />
dangreulia da am Senobebis<br />
perimetrze axla administraciisa<br />
da saxelosnoebisTvis axali Senobis<br />
agebis idea muSavdeba, rac dauSvebelia,<br />
erTi mxriv, Tavad operis Senobis<br />
mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, da<br />
N44/3 saxlis arqiteqturuli Rirsebis<br />
gamoc.<br />
2004 wels am saxlis dacvis TxovniT<br />
mivmarTe kulturis ministris<br />
maSindel moadgiles, nikoloz va-<br />
CeiSvils, romelmac araferi iRona<br />
mis gadasarCenad. ramdenime wlis Semdeg<br />
ki saxlis zeda sarTuli daiwva<br />
da male amas Senobis sruli demontaJic<br />
mohyva. arada, me-19 saukunis<br />
Tbilisuri saxlis am nimuSs, me-20<br />
saukunis dasawyisSi modernis stilis<br />
farTo rekonstruqcia Cautarda.<br />
mas evropuli stilis fasadebi<br />
amSvenebda TabukaSvilis da laRiZis<br />
44 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
quCebis mxridan. modernis liTonis<br />
aivnebi da sadarbazos kibis moajirebi<br />
ki, ukana ezos moxaratebul<br />
qarTul aivnebTan erTad, xuroTmo-<br />
ZRvrebis saukeTeso sinTezs qmnida.<br />
Zveli Tbilisis gamorCeuli Zeglis<br />
_ operisa da misi mimdebare<br />
Senobebis TviTmyofadoba aucileblad<br />
unda SenarCundes. Tumca,<br />
radgan #44/3 saxli axla sxva funqcias<br />
iZens, misi fasadebis aRdgenac<br />
sakmarisi iqneba. am azrs iziarebs<br />
xelovnebaTmcodne gia WaniSvilic,<br />
romelmac TabukaSvilis N44/3 saxlis<br />
kvleva operis dakveTiT 2009<br />
wels ganaxorciela. operis direqtori<br />
daviT sayvareliZec aRdgenis<br />
momxrea. sabednierod, am SemTxvevaSi<br />
arc finansuri problemaa dabrkoleba<br />
da saxlis fasadebis aRdgenisTvis<br />
yvela saWiro fotoc mogvepoveba.<br />
maSin ra gviSlis xels? ratom vRelavT?<br />
imitom, rom jer kidev gasuli<br />
wlidan, roca aRniSnuli saxlebis<br />
ngreva mimdinareobda, laparaki<br />
iyo maT adgilas Tvisobrivad axali<br />
saxlis mSeneblobaze, romlis saproeqto<br />
winadadeba amjerad ukve<br />
damuSavebis stadiaSia. gaTvaliswinebulia<br />
ucxoeli arqiteqtorebis<br />
CarTvac, rac savsebiT realuria,<br />
radgan bolo wlebis TbilisSi ucxoeli<br />
ostatebis xmauriani popularizacia<br />
da konkursis <strong>gareSe</strong> maTi monawileoba<br />
sxvadasxva proeqtSi lamis<br />
tradiciad iqca. Tumca, es sqema ukve<br />
yvelasaTvis gaSifrulia da did saidumlos<br />
ar warmoadgens _ ucxoeli<br />
partniori, Tu Suamavali qarTvelebi,<br />
amaSi sarfian sargebels naxuloben<br />
da, rac mTavaria, Tavidan iSoreben<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovan problemas<br />
_ Sedegebze pasuxismgeblobas.<br />
sazogadoebam uyuradRebod ar<br />
unda datovos es sakiTxi. Zveli<br />
Tbilisis am ganumeorebelma adgilma<br />
Tavisi xibli da TviTmyofadoba<br />
unda SeinarCunos, aRdgenil operas<br />
ki kvlav unda amSvenebdes qobula-<br />
Zis eskiziT Seqmnili istoriuli<br />
farda.<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
sandro naveriani<br />
jer amas vityvi: erT-erT qarTul<br />
sportul veb-gverdze _ www.worldsport.ge<br />
_ komentarebSi gverdis mki-<br />
Txvelebi aqtiurad deben erT da<br />
imave links warweriT _ `amisulaSvils<br />
xmebi! eRirsaT, gadagvaswres<br />
CaTlaxebma...~ mocemuli linkiT<br />
Sedixar nalCikis `spartakis~ oficialur<br />
veb-gverdze, sadac gamotanilia<br />
ruseTis Cempionatis bolo<br />
turis saukeTeso fexburTelTa<br />
reitingi, reitings ki veb-gverdis<br />
mkiTxvelebi adgenen. amisulaSvili<br />
xan pirvelzea da xan meoreze, amis<br />
mizezi worldsport.ge-s mohakero mki-<br />
Txvelebi arian. iqve aris sxva komentaric:<br />
`totaluri gayalbeba 2: rogor<br />
mivceT amisulaSvils uTvalavi<br />
xma~... da moyvanilia instruqcia, Tu<br />
ra unda qna imisTvis, rom amisulaSvils<br />
uTvalavi xma misce. qarTveli<br />
fexburTeli internet gamokiTxviT<br />
saukeTeso fexburTeli Tu gaxdeba,<br />
mere ra vqnaT, davijeroT, rom is<br />
sporti<br />
maradonas isini uyvars<br />
italia _ slovakeTis safexburTo matCi<br />
saukeTesoa ruseTSi?<br />
sanam Cven aq Tavs vityuebT, samxreT<br />
afrikaSi yvelaze saintereso<br />
iwyeba _ fleiofi. frangebma ukve<br />
Caalages Cemodnebi. jobda, arc amoelagebinaT.<br />
gulwrfelad vambob,<br />
hondurasi da alJiri gacilebiT<br />
saintereso da sanaxaobriv fexburTs<br />
TamaSoben, vidre frangebi... da vidre<br />
italielebi... amitomac miyvnen<br />
frangebs.<br />
wlevandel mundialze italiis er-<br />
TaderTi imedi marCelo lipi iyo,<br />
Tumca gamoCnda, rom don marCelo<br />
daberda da veRar xedavs TamaSs. jer<br />
aSkarad Secda, rodesac mundialze<br />
ar waiyvana kasano (da ara marto),<br />
romelsac gundis zurgze akideba<br />
SeeZlo da meorec, cvlilebebi, romelic<br />
gasuli sami matCis msvlelobisas<br />
gaakeTa lipim, ubralod uazro<br />
iyo. vfiqrob, esTeturi TvalsazrisiT<br />
mundials italiis da safrange-<br />
Tis gavardniT araferi daakldeba.<br />
45
sporti<br />
sakmaod kargi gundi hyavT amerikelebs.<br />
pragmatul fexburTs Tama-<br />
Soben, magram maTTvis jerjerobiT<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani Sedegia _<br />
brazilieli gulSematkivariviT maT<br />
ver mosTxov, _ Tan Sedegi maCvene da<br />
Tan lamazado. vfiqrob, amerikelebi<br />
kidev Sors wavlen da naxevarfinalamde<br />
miaRweven, sadac maTi metoqe holandia<br />
an brazilia unda iyos.<br />
meore naxevarfinalSi erTmaneTs,<br />
darwmunebuli var, espaneTi<br />
da argentina daupirispirdebian.<br />
espanelebi mervedfinalSi portugaliasTan<br />
iTamaSeben, ufro sworad<br />
kriStianu ronaldusTan, romelsac<br />
jerjerobiT araferi gansakuTrebuli<br />
ar gaukeTebia. meoTxedfinalSi<br />
espanelebs, wesiT, mowesrigebuli iaponelebi<br />
Sexvdebian, kunZulelebis<br />
damarcxeba ki ar unda gauWirdeT.<br />
mundialis dawyebamde da axlac<br />
sokeris bevri moyvaruli Tu specialisti<br />
skeptikurad uyurebda<br />
maradonas mwvrTnelobas, maT Soris<br />
_ mec. simarTle giTxraT, arc<br />
axla mgonia, vTqvaT, fatih Terimze<br />
didi taqtikosi, magram samuzeumo<br />
saxelis garda, mas aqvs is, rac unda<br />
hqondes yvela mwvrTnels da mgoni,<br />
aravis aqvs _ maradonas uyvars,<br />
Zalian uyvars Tavisi fexburTelebi.<br />
arasodes vyofilvar argentinis<br />
gulSematkivari, magram minda-ar minda,<br />
roca maT TamaSs vuyureb, msiamovnebs,<br />
ubralod imitom, rom fexbur-<br />
Ti miyvars, da maJrialebs, rodesac<br />
vxedav, rom maradona kocnis diego<br />
militos, romelic moedanze parketiviT<br />
iyo da araferi saintereso<br />
ar gaukeTebia. amitomac Semiyvarda<br />
maradona, rogorc mwvrTneli, amitomac<br />
momwons axla misi taqtikuri<br />
monaxazic da TamaSis gadawyobac,<br />
cvlilebebic, romelsac akeTebs da<br />
misi pijakic, romelSic Zalian sasaciloa.<br />
sokeris yvela moyvaruls vusurveb,<br />
male gvenaxos uJmuri mourinio,<br />
romelic Tavis moTamaSeebs kocnis.<br />
da sxvebic.<br />
vedrebis dro<br />
am Jurnals rom gadafurclavT,<br />
ukve gecodinebaT, rogor damTavrda<br />
kviras, naSuadRevs germaniainglisis<br />
mervedfinali. me kidev,<br />
marCielobas rom averido, mogaxsenebT,<br />
rom msoflio Cempionatis<br />
gio axvlediani, londoni<br />
dasrulebamde bevri aRaraferi<br />
darCa da Cempioni ki kvlavac ucnobia.<br />
aseTi Tviseba aqvs msoflio Cempionats,<br />
sul bolo wuTamde Cempioni<br />
ucnobia xolme. kai, ar gabra-<br />
46 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
safrangeTi _ irlandiis safexburTo matCi<br />
zdeT. vxumrob, da mgoni _ arcTu<br />
vargisad.<br />
diego maradona rom locvaSi iyo<br />
mTeli es dro, mogexsenebaT da misma<br />
xvevna-kocnebma erTi ingliseli<br />
Jurnalistis TavSi SekiTxvac<br />
liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37<br />
warmoSva, _ Tqveno, yvelasTan ase<br />
siyvaruliT xarTo, biWebs exveviT<br />
da kocniTo, da rogor fiqrobT,<br />
es saqmes exmarebao? maradonam Sua<br />
TargmanSi daatyo, rom gei ambavSi<br />
xlarTavdnen, Tumca es mTargmnelis<br />
brali ufro iyo, vidre SekiTxvis<br />
avtorisa da, _ ara Zmao, qalebis<br />
trfiali varo.<br />
ras gaugeben samxreTeli kacebis<br />
xvevna-kocnas Crdiloelebi, anda<br />
pirjvris weras da krialosanis mravaljer<br />
ambors.<br />
imaT Taviseburi ambavi aqvT, amaT<br />
_ Taviseburi. ai, wina kviraSi inglisma<br />
rom orgzis Seircxvina Tavi,<br />
ambavi gavrcelda, _ meore fres Semdeg<br />
nirwamxdarma kroidonis episkoposma<br />
locva dawerao. es locva<br />
imaze ganuzomlad mokle gamodga,<br />
vidre maradona butbutebs xolme<br />
TamaSebis win. iq sul ori sityva<br />
aRmoCnda: `oh, RmerTo~, da simar-<br />
Tle rom iTqvas, ingliselebisTvis<br />
sporti<br />
ras gaugeben samxreTeli kacebis xvevna-kocnas<br />
Crdiloelebi, anda pirjvris weras da krialosanis<br />
mravaljer ambors.<br />
es ori sityva locvis survils Znelad<br />
gaaRviZebs, radgan imaT enaSi<br />
`oh, RmerTo~ ubralod gakvirvebas<br />
niSnavs.<br />
asea Tu ise, msoflio Cempionati<br />
mieqaneba kvanZis gaxsnisken da mar-<br />
Tla vatyob, rom am svets udroo<br />
dros vwer, radgan yovelTvis Znelia<br />
Sua gzaze mitovebuli ambebis<br />
gamo wera.<br />
mogexsenebaT, safrangeTma Tavi<br />
Seircxvina msoflio Cempionatze _<br />
ara mxolod finTad iTamaSa, aramed<br />
gaifica, ar ivarjiSa, gavarda,<br />
kutoki-kutoks daemdura; nikolas<br />
anelka Sin gaagdo ufrosobam mwvr-<br />
Tnel domenekis dedis ginebisTvis;<br />
TviTon domenekma xeli ar Camoar-<br />
Tva samxreTafrikelTa mwvrTnels<br />
sruliad gaugebari mizeziT; sabo-<br />
lood dedamisma anelka televizor-<br />
Si galanZRa, xolo sarkozim tieri<br />
anri miiwvia, _ gamagebine erTi, ra<br />
xdebao.<br />
mTel am ambavSi metad xarobda<br />
irlandiuri presa da SegaxsenebT<br />
ratomac:<br />
safrangeTi mxolod imitom moxvda<br />
msoflio Cempionatze, rom<br />
irlandias mougo gadamwyveti TamaSi<br />
erTaderTi goliT. es goli<br />
ki imgvarad gavida, rom xsenebulma<br />
tieri anrim burTi lamis orive<br />
xeliT aiRo da carieli karis win<br />
daudo viliam galass, _ gaitaneo.<br />
imanac gaitana, msajma ki xeli ver<br />
dainaxa.<br />
maSin irlandia aRSfoTda, magram<br />
saqmes raRas uSvelida. erTaderTi<br />
irlandieli, vinc Tqva, _ Cvenc kargi<br />
xviToebi varT, vinaidan saqar-<br />
Tvelos ufro unamusod movugeT,<br />
vidre Cven safrangeTma mogvigoo,<br />
roi kini iyo, magram maSin gaalmase-<br />
buli irlandia msoflio Cempionatze<br />
adgilis damatebasac ki iTxovda,<br />
magram vin daumatebda.<br />
hoda, samarTalma puri Wama aqac<br />
da iqac, da aba, ra gasakviria, rom<br />
maradona gaCqarebiT kocnides krialosans.<br />
rac amas RmerTis xeli<br />
mouxmaria da gamoucxadebia Tavis<br />
mxardamWerad. wina kviraSi brazilielma<br />
luiS fabianum aseve xeldaxel<br />
gaitana lamazi goli da mere<br />
Tqva, _ esec RmerTis xeli iyoo; ramac<br />
maradona gaanawyena, _ eg ranairi<br />
RmerTis xeli iyo, mTelma msofliom<br />
imwamsve dainaxao.<br />
mokled, gaCqarebul locvaTa Jami<br />
Camodga samxreT afrikaSi, uein runisac<br />
jvari daunaxes yelze. Tumca,<br />
Cemgan gansxvavebiT, Tqven ukve iciT<br />
germania-inglisis TamaSis Sedegi.<br />
47
qalaqSi moxetiale kacis Canawerebi<br />
ukanaskneli tramvai<br />
`rac unda yofiliyo TbilisSi tramvais gauqmebis mizezi, dRes<br />
absoluturad darwmunebuli var imaSi, rom Cven kidev erTxel unda<br />
davfiqrdeT misi ukan dabrunebis SesaZleblobebze~.<br />
kaxa Tolordava<br />
am ramdenime wlis winaT megobarTan erTad ukanaskneli<br />
Tbilisuri tramvaiT vimgzavre. amisTvis TemqaSi wavediT,<br />
jer fexiT avuyeviT ukve gauqmebul tramvais marSruts<br />
Temqidan lamis Tbilisis zRvamde, mere ki ukan gamovyeviT<br />
balaxiT dafarul relsebs, metrosTan pirvelive tramvais<br />
SevaxtiT da bolo gaCerebamde gavyeviT. im dRes orive<br />
kidev erTxel davrwmundiT imaSi, rom tramvai didebuli<br />
transportia da is Zalian, Zalian uxdeba Tbiliss. ramdenime<br />
Tvis Semdeg Tbilisi ukve tramvais <strong>gareSe</strong> darCenili<br />
qalaqi gaxda.<br />
rac unda yofiliyo TbilisSi tramvais gauqmebis mizezi,<br />
dRes absoluturad darwmunebuli var imaSi, rom Cven kidev<br />
erTxel unda davfiqrdeT misi ukan dabrunebis SesaZleblobebze.<br />
mesmis, tramvai ver daubrundeba qalaqis centralur<br />
nawils, Tu _ ratom, amis detaluri axsna albaT saWiro araa,<br />
magram is Zalian lazaTianad SeiZleba moergos qalaqis far-<br />
ToquCebian gareubnebs. msoflios Zalian bevrma qveyanam ra-<br />
Racnairad moaxerxa tramvais SenarCuneba, Cven ki, rogorc<br />
xSirad gvemarTeba xolme, mgonia, rom avCqardiT, da davkargeT<br />
is, rac dasakargi namdvilad ar iyo.<br />
gavimeoreb _ tramvai albaT verasdros daubrundeba Tbilisis<br />
centralur nawils, radganac amisTvis lamis qalaqis<br />
mTeli am seqtoris satransporto marSrutebis Tavidan dagegmareba<br />
da Seneba mogviwevs, es ki advili namdvilad araa.<br />
arc qalaqis gareubnebSia advili tramvais qselis Tavidan<br />
dagegmareba. sakmarisia, Tundac `vikipediaSi~ naxoT gverdebi<br />
tramvaize, amaSi rom darwmundeT, radganac, rogorc<br />
yvela satransporto saSualebas, tramvaisac aqvs Tavisi upiratesobebi<br />
da naklovanebebi. magram, Tbilisis gareubnebi am<br />
upiratesobebis da naklovanebebis kidev erTxel gadaxedvis<br />
saSualebas mainc iZleva. maS ratom unda vTqvaT uari amaze,<br />
miT umetes, Tu ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, Tbilisis gareubnebis<br />
didi nawili jer kidev `limbSi~ imyofeba?<br />
Sedegi? wminda esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT, es upirveles<br />
yovlisa Tbilisis usaxuri gareubnebis saintereso da moulodneli<br />
kontrastuli elementiT gamdidreba iqneba. moulodnelobis<br />
efeqti mniSvnelovania da tyuilubralod ar<br />
mixsenebia. is nebismieri saintereso qalaqis `aRmoCenisTvis~<br />
aucilebeli elementia, Tundac _ turistebisTvis. Tbiliselebis<br />
is nawili, vinc qalaqis `komunistur~ raionebSi siarulze<br />
uars ambobs, SeiZleba SemekamaTos, _ romeli turis-<br />
ti dadis varkeTilSi an afrikaSio, _ magram am adamianebs<br />
SemiZlia, darwmunebiT vuTxra, rom Cemma lamis yovelkvireulma<br />
`sadazvervo gasvlebma~ gareubnebSi damarwmuna, rom<br />
es ase araa. gldanSi, diRomSi, isanSi _ yvelgan, sadac unda<br />
waxvide, Sexvdebi zurgCanTamogdebul ucxoelebs, interesiT<br />
rom aTvaliereben iqaurobas. maTi ricxvi albaT Tanda-<br />
Tan gaizrdeba. hoda, swored aseTi dainteresebuli adamianebi<br />
arian Senive qalaqis sasargeblod an sazianod rom weren<br />
xolme TavTavianT blogebSi; me ki ar wamikiTxavs arc erTi<br />
aseTi Canaweri, sadac Tundac yvelaze ufro ukmayofilo<br />
adamians Tbilad ar moexsenebina ama Tu im qalaqis is nawilebi,<br />
sadac tramvais xazia. Tbiliselebs davubrundebi. moxerxebulobasTan<br />
erTad tramvai nawilobriv mainc moacilebs<br />
Tbiliselebs oflian samarSruto taqsebs da mouxeSav<br />
avtobusebs. is Tundac mcired Seamcirebs qalaqis gamonabolqviT<br />
dabinZurebas da, rac mTavaria, is Tbiliselebis<br />
nawils sakuTari qalaqis sxvanairad, odnav auCqareblad SegrZnebis<br />
saSualebasac daubrunebs, rasac aranairi kavSiri<br />
ar aqvs nostalgiasTan. magaliTisTvis, saqsofonis Tu dramis<br />
saundi dResac iseve aranostalgiurad aqtualuria jaz-<br />
Si, rogorc adre. Sesabamisad, tramvais borblebis xmauriT<br />
azrialebuli saxlebis fanjris SuSebma SeiZleba gansxvavebuli<br />
ritmi SesTavazon indiferentulad mogugune Tbilisis<br />
gareubnebs, da sxvanairad `gaajazon~ isini ara marto TbiliselebisaTvis,<br />
aramed Camosuli stumrebisTvisac. amis gulisTvis<br />
ki namdvilad Rirs kidev erTxel dafiqreba, zemoT<br />
Tqmulis garda, kidev ra sargebloba SeiZleba moutanos dabrunebulma<br />
tramvaim Tbiliss.<br />
48 liberali . ivnisi - ivlisi 2010 . № 37
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