Tavi 13. mineraluri resursebi reziume saqarTvelo mdidaria ...
Tavi 13. mineraluri resursebi reziume saqarTvelo mdidaria ...
Tavi 13. mineraluri resursebi reziume saqarTvelo mdidaria ...
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<strong>Tavi</strong> <strong>13.</strong> <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong><br />
<strong>reziume</strong><br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> <strong>mdidaria</strong> <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>T. Tumca maTi<br />
mopoveba, saTanado regulirebisa da kontrolis gareSe garemosTvis<br />
didi zianis momtani SeiZleba iyos. gansakuTrebiT es exeba liTonebis<br />
mopovebas. am obieqtebze aucilebelia ara marto garemosdacviTi<br />
kontrolis gamkacreba, aramed garemos sareabilitacio RonisZiebebis<br />
Catareba. gansakuTrebiT WiaTuraSi, kazreTSi, luxunze, canaze sadac<br />
garemos dabinZureba wlebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda.<br />
1. Sesavali<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong> qveynis ekonomikis sayrdenia. aqve aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom samTo-mopovebas erT-erTi wamyvani adgili uWiravs garemoze mavne<br />
zemoqmedebis SesaZleblobis TvalsazrisiT da amdenad, saTanado<br />
garemosdacviTi regulirebis gareSe <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopoveba<br />
SeiZleba didi zianis momtani iyos garemosTvis.<br />
saxelmwifo regulireba.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si yvela saxis <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursi saxelmwifos<br />
sakuTrebas warmoadgens. maT damuSavebas specialuri nebarTva –<br />
sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenzia esaWiroeba, romelsac<br />
saxelmwifo auqcionis wesiT, <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis saxisa da masze<br />
moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT sxvadasxva vadiT gascems. licenziasTan<br />
erTad wiaRiT mosargeble droebiT sargeblobaSi iRebs miwis farTs _<br />
miwis minakuTvnis saxiT, romelic aucilebelia resursis mopovebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli saqmianobisaTvis. wiaRiseulis mopovebis dasrulebis<br />
Semdeg igi valdebulia ganaxorcielos am teritoriis rekultivacia da<br />
ise daubrunos saxelmwifos.<br />
licenziantis mier <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis licenziis<br />
miRebis Semdeg aucilebelia garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis aReba da<br />
saqarTvlos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s saministroSi<br />
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis proeqtis wardgena. am procedurebis<br />
gavlis gareSe licenziants ekrZaleba mopovebiTi samuSaoebis dawyeba da<br />
garemoze raime saxis zemoqmedeba.<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis periodSi licenzianti valdebulia<br />
daicvas garemos dacvis saTanado wesebi. isini dReisaTvis dadgenilia<br />
mxolod sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebisas atmosferuli haeris<br />
dacvisTvis (afeTqebiTi samuSaoebis warmoebisas).<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebisas garemoze zemoqmedebis<br />
saxelmwifo kontrols garemos dacvis inspeqcia axorcielebs. masve<br />
evaleba garemos dabinZurebis faqtebis gamovlena da aRkveTa, aseve _<br />
sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziebis pirobebis Sesrulebis<br />
kontroli. is uflebamosilia garemisdacviTi Semowmebis procesSi<br />
regulirebis obieqtisgan kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT moiTxovos<br />
axsna-ganmartebebi, daubrkolebriv miiRos saWiro informacia da<br />
Semowmebis procesSi regulirebis obieqtis saqmianobis Seswavlisa da<br />
laboratoriuli sinjebis aRebis mizniT moiwvios Sesabamisi eqspertebi<br />
da specialistebi.
2. arsebuli mdgomareoba<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s maragi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s geologiur <strong>Tavi</strong>seburebas gansazRvravs misi mdebareoba<br />
evraziul da afro-arabul filaTa Sesayarze. teritoria<br />
araerTgvarovania <strong>Tavi</strong>si agebulebiTa da geologiuri ganviTarebis<br />
istoriiT (ruka 1.), rac ganapirobebs wiaRiseuli sabadoebis<br />
mravalferovnebas. geologiuri procesebis intensivoba, maTi<br />
ganviTarebis areali da masStabi gansazRvravs sabadoebis sididesa da,<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi, maT xarisxs. <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s didi sabadoebi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si aRmoCenili ar aris. aq <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong> ZiriTadad<br />
saSualo da mcire zomis sabadoebsa da gamovlinebebSia ganawilebuli.<br />
ruka 1. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s geologiuri ruka<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s sabadoebis Seswavlis safuZvelze xdeba am<br />
sabadoebSi arsebuli resursis maragis Sefaseba _ daTvla/gadaTvla.<br />
yvela saxis <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis maragis daTvlisaTvis mopovebuli<br />
geologiuri informaciis Semowmeba da maragebis damtkiceba xdeba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s saministrosTan<br />
arsebul sasargeblo wiaRiseulis maragebis saxelmwifo uwyebaTaSoris<br />
komisiaze. komisiis daskvna <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis maragis saxelmwifo<br />
balansze ayvanis erTaderTi safuZvelia. monacemebi damtkicebuli<br />
maragis Sesaxeb gadaecema wiaRis Sesaxeb informaciis erTian saxelmwifo<br />
fonds (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s<br />
saministros ssip „garemos erovnul saagentos~) maragebis mineralurresursul<br />
fondSi aRsaricxavad.<br />
amdenad, mineralur-resursuli fondi warmoadgens qveynis<br />
teritoriasa da mis ekonomikur zonaSi ganTavsebul im sabadoTa da<br />
maRaroTa erTobliobas, romelTaTvisac damtkicebulia saxelmwifo<br />
balansze ayvanili maragebi. es fondi aris resursuli bazis nawili,<br />
romlic <strong>Tavi</strong>si ekonomikuri da samrewvelo maCveneblebiT SeiZleba<br />
CaerTos sabazro urTierTobebSi.<br />
dRevandeli mdgomareobiT <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s myari <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
<strong>resursebi</strong>s fondi moicavs 552 sabados. maTgan mopovebisa da<br />
gadamuSavebis procesSi garemosaTvis potenciurad meti zianis miyeneba<br />
SeuZliaT LliTonebs, xolo myari <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s sxva saxeebi<br />
SedarebiT inertulia (cxr. 1; diagr. 1) da Sesabamisad naklebi zianis<br />
momtani.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone sabadoTa rigs<br />
ganekuTvneba: liTonTa sabadoebidan – WiaTuris manganumisa da<br />
madneulis (bolnisis madniani raionis) polimetaluri sabadoebi. amave<br />
rangis sabadoebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos aramadniani sabadoebidan<br />
ceoliTSemcveli (Zegvi, TeZami, axalcixe da sxva) sabadoebi da<br />
samSeneblo-mosapirkeTebeli masalebi.<br />
cxrili 1. <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s fondSi ricxuli sabadoebi
# <strong>mineraluri</strong> raodenoba ganzomile maragi<br />
resursis saxeoba<br />
ba damtkicebuli<br />
1 liTonebi (Savi,<br />
feradi,<br />
keTilSobili,<br />
iSviaTi)<br />
52 aTasi t 419965,00<br />
myari<br />
<strong>resursebi</strong><br />
sawvavi<br />
2 naxSiri 3 aTasi t 373 934,00<br />
3 torfi<br />
mosapirkeTebeli<br />
qvebi<br />
5<br />
107<br />
aTasi t 47 644,00<br />
4 gabro aTasi m3 7 224,00<br />
5 gabro-dioriti aTasi m3 5 972,00<br />
6 sieniti aTasi m3 660,00<br />
7 graniti aTasi m3 5400,00<br />
8 tufobreqCia aTasi m3 14 938,00<br />
9 daciti aTasi m3 2 289,00<br />
10 teSeniti aTasi m3 6 165,00<br />
11 diabazi aTasi m3 10 741,00<br />
12 bazalti aTasi m3 45 051,60<br />
13 doleriti aTasi m3 19 579,00<br />
14 marmarilo aTasi m3 15 marmarilosebri<br />
4 259,00<br />
kirqva aTasi m3 qimiuri<br />
mrewvelobis<br />
78 026,00<br />
nedleuli 44<br />
16 bariti<br />
mJavagamZle<br />
aTasi t 4 731,00<br />
andeziti aTasi t 12 717,00<br />
17 mirabiliti aTasi m3 1493,00<br />
18 bentoniti<br />
19 <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
aTasi t 6 418,00<br />
pigmenti aTasi t 437,00<br />
20 talki aTasi t 2 774,00<br />
21 kalciti aTasi t 27 211,00<br />
22 diatomiti aTasi m3 samSeneblo<br />
7 995,00<br />
masalebi 312<br />
23 RorRi aTasi m3 459 221,00<br />
24 qviSa-xreSi aTasi m3 658 487,00<br />
25 saagure Tixebi aTasi m3 135 207,00<br />
26 carci aTasi m3 3 962,00<br />
27 sakire kirqvebi aTasi t 292 173,00<br />
28 TabaSiri aTasi t 20 342,00<br />
29 sacemente Tixebi aTasi m3 64 070,00<br />
30 sacemente kirqvebi aTasi t 392 014,00<br />
31 gaji aTasi m3 14 917,00
32 saxuravi fiqlebi aTasi m3 11 796,00<br />
33 msubuqi<br />
Semavseblebi<br />
aTasi m3 220 323,00<br />
34 sakedle qvebi aTasi m3 4 898,00<br />
35 kvarcis qviSa aTasi m3 168 804,00<br />
36 perliti aTasi m3 13 500,00<br />
damxmare nedleuli<br />
metalurgiisaTvis<br />
10<br />
37 dolomiti aTasi t 44 904,00<br />
38 cecxlgamZle Tixa aTasi m3 91 636,00<br />
39 sayalibe qviSa aTasi m3 2 300,00<br />
40 spongoliTi aTasi m3 19 57,008<br />
41 safluse kirqva<br />
samrewvelo<br />
masalebis<br />
maragebi<br />
42 Camosasxmelo<br />
aTasi t 1 700,00<br />
bazalti 2 aTasi m3 9 892,00<br />
43 loTografiuli qva 1 aTasi m3 120,00<br />
44 sanakeTo qvebi 3 t 919,80<br />
nedleuli soflis 9<br />
meurneobisaTvis<br />
45 torfi aTasi t 41 880,00<br />
46 ceoliTi aTasi t 30 381,00<br />
47 Tixiani TabaSiri aTasi t 3 460,00<br />
nedleuli<br />
keramikis<br />
warmoebisaTvis<br />
9<br />
48 keramikuli Tixa aTasi m3 2 504,00<br />
49 traqiti aTasi m3 945,00<br />
50 Tixiani TabaSiri aTasi t 2 232,00<br />
Savi liTonebi. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong> ar ganekuTvneba msoflios rkinis Semcvel<br />
ZiriTad auzebs. miuxedavad amisa, rkinis prognozuli <strong>resursebi</strong> da rkinis 4<br />
ZiriTadi sabado (foladauris, Zamis, tyibuli-Saoris da sufsa-natanebis)<br />
sakmaod mniSvnelovania (diagr. 1, ruka 2). tradiciul sabadoebTan erTad<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si gvaqvs mdidari zRviuri magnetit-titanomagnetituri<br />
qviSrobebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan dagrovebebs qmnian md. sufsisa da md.<br />
natanebis deltebSi. dReisaTvis rkinis sabadoebi ar muSavdeba, magram maTi<br />
Seswavla grZeldeba da damuSavebis procesis dawyeba uaxloesi momavlis<br />
saqmea.<br />
ruka 2. liTonebis gavrceleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si.
alumini<br />
rkina<br />
manganumi<br />
spilenZi<br />
TuTia<br />
tyvia<br />
surma<br />
dariSxani<br />
vercxli<br />
kadmiumi<br />
vercxliswyali<br />
bismuti<br />
teluri<br />
seleni<br />
indiumi<br />
oqro<br />
kobalti<br />
volframi<br />
diagrama 1. liTonebisa da iSviaTi elementebis maragebi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si.<br />
me-19 saukunis bolodan 1 <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si daiwyo manganumis mopoveba da<br />
is iTvleba msoflios erT-erT ZiriTad manganummatarebel provinciad<br />
(cxr. 2; ruka 2.). manganumis mopoveba dResac aqtiurad mimdinareobs.<br />
dReisaTvis gacemuli licenziis pirobebis mixedviT, WiaTuris manganumis<br />
sabadodan 2008-2011 ww. mopovebuli unda yofiliyo 1,6 milioni tona<br />
liToni, momdevno wlebSi _ 40 aTasi tona weliwadSi, jamuri minimaluri<br />
mopoveba _ 200 aTasi tona. Cxari-ajameTis sabadoze licenzia gacemulia<br />
27 wlis vadiT, jamuri mopovebaa 20 aTasi tona.<br />
cxrili 2. manganumis sabadoebi, maTi maragebi da mopoveba<br />
raioni sabado maragi muSavdeba Tu<br />
aTasi t<br />
ara<br />
WiaTuris<br />
r-ni<br />
WiaTura 201921 muSavdeba<br />
Terjolis Cxari- 5000 muSavdeba<br />
r-ni ajameTi<br />
zestafonis yvirilis 15460 ar muSavdeba<br />
r-ni depresia<br />
(ubani<br />
1<br />
roca didi qarTveli poetis akaki wereTlis ZalisxmeviT aRmoaCines WiaTuris<br />
manganumis sabado.
uka 3. keTilSobili, feradi da msubuqi liTonuri <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
<strong>resursebi</strong>s gavrceleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si.<br />
iSviaTi liTonebi da elementebi. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iSviaTi liTonebi<br />
Tavmoyrilia kavkasionis mTavari qedis dariSxanis, vercxliswylis,<br />
volframisa da molibdenis mcire sabadoebze. oqro-dariSxanis,<br />
dariSxanisa da oqro-stibiumis sabadoebs saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba<br />
aqvT. dariSxanis mopoveba amJamad Sewyvetilia, Tumca mopovebis licenzia<br />
luxunis sabadoze gacemulia 25 wlis vadiT, 9534 tona jamuri mopovebis<br />
moculobiT.<br />
liTonebis, maT Soris oqros da vercxlis mopoveba intensiurad<br />
mimdinareobs bolnisis raionis oqro-spilenZ-barit-polimetaluri sabadoebze,<br />
sadac kompleqsuri damuSavebis licenzia gacemulia 20 wlis<br />
vadiT, weliwadSi 0,4-1 milioni tona madnis mopovebis pirobiT. aq,<br />
madneulis sabados damuSavebis procesis paralelurad mimdinereobs<br />
axali saeqspluatacio ubnebis daZieba da arsebuli liTonebis maragebis<br />
daTvla, SemdgomSi maTi mopovebis procesSi CarTvisaTvis.<br />
cxrili 3: dariSxani da misi Tanmxlebi liTonebi<br />
raioni sabado ganzomileba maragi muSavdeba Tu<br />
ara<br />
amrolauris<br />
r-ni<br />
luxuni aTasi t. 8,7 aRar muSavdeba<br />
lentexis r- cana aTasi t. 30,225<br />
aRar muSavdeba<br />
ni<br />
lentexis rni<br />
rodinauli)<br />
onis r-ni Sqmeri 1576 ar muSavdeba<br />
Woroxi aTasi t.<br />
1,85 ar muSavdeba<br />
ruka 4. araliTonuri <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s gavrceleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si.<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis zemoqmedeba garemoze<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi problemebia haeris, wylisa da miwis dabinZureba,<br />
mewyerebis gaaqtiureba da tyis safaris gaCexva. Tumca dro da<br />
masStabebi, romlis farglebSic <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis<br />
Sedegad garemos ziani adgeba, gansxvavebulia. igi damokidebulia<br />
sabados `sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivobaze~, romelic yvela<br />
sabadosTvis gansxvavdeba. igi ganisazRvreba sabadoSi arsebuli maragis<br />
odenobiTa da sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziis vadiT<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziebi gaicema 2-5<br />
wlidan 20-45 wlamde vadiT) da licenziiT dadgenili yovelwliuri<br />
mopovebis raodenobiT. garda amisa, mniSvnelovania resursis saxeobac.<br />
magaliTad, liTonebis an myari sawvavi <strong>resursebi</strong>s Seswavlasa da
mopovebas gacilebiT meti dro sWirdeba, vidre samSeneblo<br />
masalebisaTvis saWiro nedleuls.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si amJamad moqmedi samTo-mompovebeli sawarmoebidan<br />
garemos erT-erTi Zlieri damabinZurebelia manganumis mopoveba. mas Tan<br />
axlavs md. yvirilas dabinZureba Mn-is ionebiT. magaliTad 2009 wlis<br />
ianvarSi q. WiaTuris SesasvlelTan, mdinaris wyalSi manganumis ionebis<br />
Semcveloba 3,9 mg/l dafiqsirda (manganumis ionis zRvrulad dasaSvebi<br />
koncentracia wylebSi 0,1 mg/l-ia). mopovebis adgilidan dawyebuli<br />
mdinaris qvemo weli da misi momijnave miwebi mTlianad dabinZurebulia<br />
im niSnulamde, sadac ganzaveba xdeba. sawarmoo dabinZurebas aZlierebs<br />
is garemoebac, rom mdinere <strong>Tavi</strong>s mxriv recxavs madnian horizontebs da<br />
masSi <strong>Tavi</strong>sTavad momatebulia Mn-is ionebis Semcveloba.<br />
garemosTvis didi zianis momtania, agreTve, bolnisis jgufis<br />
polimetaluri sabadoebis madnebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
saqmianoba. aq madnis mopoveba Ria karieruli wesiT xdeba. karieris<br />
damuSavebis siRrmem 300 metrs miaRwia. karierze warmoebs burRvaafeTqebiTi<br />
samuSaoebi, rasac emateba karieris terasebze da karierze<br />
misasvlel gzebze, avtoTviTmclelebis aqtiuri ormxrivi moZraoba, rac<br />
haerSi mtvrisa da sxva dambinZurebeli nivTierebebis mniSvnelovan<br />
gafrqvevebs iwvevs.. dabinZurebul haerSi mavne nivTierebebis gadatana<br />
emisiis centridan did manZilze xdeba, gansakuTrebiT _ wvrili, wminda<br />
fraqciebis. atmosferuli naleqebis zegavleniT am mtvridan gamotutuli<br />
mZime liTonebis garemoSi moxvedra seriozul zians ayenebs niadagsa da<br />
gruntis wylebs.<br />
mopovebiTi samuSaoebis garda, garemoze mniSvnelovan gavlenas<br />
axdens nedleulis gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli procesebi, rac aisaxa<br />
magaliTad md. kazreTulas mdgomareobaze, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
binZurdeboda bolnisis madnis gamamdidrebeli sawarmos saqmianobis<br />
Sedegad. nawilobriv agreTve dabinZurebulia md. maSaverac. wina wlebSi<br />
Catarebuli mdinareebis wylis xarisxis monitoringis Sedegebi aCvenebs,<br />
rom md. kazreTulas monakveTSi (karieris naJuri wylebis Cadinebidan –<br />
md. maSaveras SesarTavamde) TiTqmis ar aris araviTari piroba imisa, rom<br />
masSi arsebobdes raime cocxali organizmebi, anu mdinare arsebiTad<br />
mkvdaria. md. maSaveraSi ki, romelsac TviTgawmendisa da ganzavebis<br />
maRali SesaZleblobebi aqvs, dafiqsirebulia zRvrulad dasaSvebi<br />
koncentraciebis gadaWarbeba mxolod calkeul SemTxvevebSi (ZiriTadad<br />
im periodSi, rodesac mamdidrebeli fabrika ar muSaobda).<br />
fabrikis fuWi qanis sanayaros da gamosatuti grovebis ganTavsebis<br />
teritoria Zalze mniSvnelovnad dabinZurebulia mZime liTonebis<br />
ionebiT (ZiriTadad spilenZi, TuTia, rkina, aseve sulfatis ionebi).<br />
seriozuli saremediacio RonisZiebebis gareSe am teritoriis soflis<br />
meurneobisaTvis gamoyeneba momavalSi dauSvebelia.<br />
mniSvnelovan safrTxes Seicavs sabadoebi da maRaroebi, romlebzec<br />
droebiT SeCerebulia sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis samuSaoebi.<br />
aseTi obieqtebi dakonservebulia, magram rCeba didi albaToba imisa, rom<br />
maTgan moxdes garemos damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis gatana, magaliTad,<br />
miwisqveSa wylebiT. es garemoeba gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas iwvevs maSin,<br />
roca saqme exeba vercxliswyals, dariSxansa da sxva Zlier momwamlavi
nivTierebebis gatanas sabados an samTo gamonamuSevris konservaciis<br />
adgilidan.<br />
am mxriv aRsaniSnavia luxunis oqro-dariSxanis (realgarauripigmenturi)<br />
da canas dariSxanis (arsenopirituli) sabadoebi. gasuli<br />
saukunis 90-ian wlebamde raWis (uravi) da svaneTi (canas) samTo-qimiuri<br />
qarxnebi awarmoebdnen maRali sisuf<strong>Tavi</strong>s dariSxans, gankuTvnils<br />
naxevargamtaruli sistemebisaTvis da 16 dasaxelebis sxvadasxva<br />
dariSxanSemcvel preparats. dariSxanisa da misi naerTebis miRebis<br />
mizniT koncentrats wvavdnen specialur RumelSi. Sedegad sahaero<br />
sivrce da Sesabamisi teritoria 20 km-is radiusze sistematurad<br />
binZurdeboda dariSxanis sulfiduri formebis gamowvis Sedegad<br />
gamonabolqvi gazebisagan, romelic garda gogirdis dioqsidisa dasaSveb<br />
normaze meti raodenobiT Seicavda wvis sxva produqtebsac, maT Soris<br />
“TeTr dariSxans”. raWa da svaneTi ekologiuri katastrofis safrTxis<br />
winaSe aRmoCnda. dReisaTvis es warmoebebi gaCerebulia, magram arsebuli<br />
monacemebiT [1-5] aq sasoflo sameurneo savargulebis niadagSi<br />
dariSxanis Semcveloba saerTo fonTan SedarebiT gazrdilia 20-30 jer,<br />
moimata pirutyvisa da adamianebis onkologiuri daavadebebis ricxvma. md.<br />
madnis Relis (md. luxunis wylis) xeobis da misi mimdebare teritoriis<br />
anTropogenuli dabinZurebiT xsnis raWis mosaxleoba regionSi futkris<br />
ojaxTa ricxvis da gadamfreni frinvelebis katastroful Semcirebas.<br />
garda mavne gamonabolqvi gazebisa, dariSxanis gadamamuSavebeli<br />
sawarmoebi aseve warmoqmnidnen dariSxanis Semcvel, saxifaTo narCenebs<br />
(e.w. “kudebs”), romelic didi odenobiT daxvavebulia sabadosa da<br />
sawarmos mimdebare teritoriebze. saWiroa am saxifaTo narCenebisgan<br />
teritoriebis gadaudebeli aRdgena-gasufTaveba raTa gamoiricxos saSiS<br />
nivTierebaTa gadarecxva da gavrceleba garemomcveli bunebasa da<br />
garemoSi.<br />
agreTve mniSvnelovan safrTxeebs Seicavs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavrobis<br />
mier ukontrolo teritoriebze darCenili sabadoebi da maRaroebi:<br />
qvaisis tyvia-TuTiis sabado _ samxreT oseTis teritoriaze; tyvarCelis<br />
qvanaxSiri sabado, axeisa da avadxaras vercxliswylis sabadoebi -<br />
afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze. maT mdgomareobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT informacia ar mogvepoveba.<br />
keramikuli, naxevradZvirfasi da sanakeTobo qvebis, inertuli da<br />
samSeneblo masalebis <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopoveba-gadamuSaveba zogadad naklebi<br />
zianis momtania, Tumca araswori warmarTvis SemTxvevSi garemos<br />
mniSvnelovani dabinZureba seiZleba gamoiwvios. aq mTavari riskebi<br />
dakavSirebulia atmosferuli naleqebiT teritoriis gadarecxvis<br />
Sedegad dabinZurebul wylebTan, romlebic wylis obieqtebSi SeiZleba<br />
moxvdes, xmaursa da vibraciasTan, mopovebasa da gadazidvis samusaoebTan<br />
dakavSirebul mtverTan. amitom am zemoqmedebaTa saTanado regulireba<br />
da kontroli aucilebelia.<br />
3. ZiriTadi gamowvevebi<br />
qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
<strong>resursebi</strong>s mopoveba da damuSaveba-gadamuSaveba, Tumca am procesebs Tan<br />
axlavs garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba. dResdReobiT <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si<br />
samTo-mopovebiTi mrewveloba garemosTvis potenciurad erT-erTi
yvelaze saSiSi saqmianobaa. man SeiZleba gamoiwvios da rig SemTxvevebSi<br />
ukve gamoiwvia kidec niadagebis, wylebis (zedapiruli da miwisqveSa) da<br />
haeris mniSvnelovan dabinZurebs, ramac seriozuli uaryofiTi<br />
zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iqonios mimdebare teritoriis mosaxleobaze. ufro<br />
metic, wylisa da haeris saSualebiT dabinZureba SesaZloa sakmaod did<br />
teritoriazec gavrceldes.<br />
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia garemoze zemoqmedeba <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
<strong>resursebi</strong>s Ria karieruli wesiT mopovebisas. am dros adgili aqvs<br />
mimdebare teritoriebis dabinZurebas nayari masalebiT, niadagebis<br />
mospobas an dazianebas, xSirad tyis safaris gaCexvas. samwuxarod,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si momuSave samTo-geologiuri kompaniebi xSirad iyeneben<br />
moZvelebul da gaumarTav teqnologiebs, riTac mniSvnelovan zians<br />
ayeneben garemos. axali teqnologiebis danergva ki did<br />
kapitaldabandebasTanaa dakavSirebuli. amitom am saqmianobaTa garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis Sefasebisas mopovebiTi saqmianobiT garemosTvis<br />
potenciurad miyenebadi zianisa da misi <strong>Tavi</strong>dan acilebisaTvis saWiro<br />
investiciebis Sejereba-dabalansebis safuZvelze unda moxdes adeqvaturi<br />
teqnologiis SerCeva da Sesabamisi emisiebis SeTanxmeba/damtkiceba.<br />
garemoze <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis zemoqmedebis Sefasebisas<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom myari <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis<br />
TiToeul saxes gaaCnia mopovebisa da gadamuSavebis misTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli <strong>Tavi</strong>sebureba da garemosdacviTi problemebic<br />
gansxvavebulia TiToeuli maTganisaTvis. aucilebelia saqmianobis<br />
saxelmwifo kontrolis gamakontrolebel organos (garemos dacvis<br />
inspeqcias) warmomadgenlebs am riskebis da maTi <strong>Tavi</strong>dan acilebis an<br />
Serbilebis programebis Sefaseba SeeZloT. samwuxarod dReisaTvis<br />
garemos dacvis inspeqcias sakmarisi raodenobis Sesabamisi specialobis<br />
mqone kadrebi (geologebi, samToelebi, hidrogeologebi da sxv.) ar hyavs<br />
da am mxriv aucilebelia inspeqciis SesaZleblobaTa gaZliereba.<br />
aucilebelia agreTve gaZlierdes garemos monitoringi im samTomopovebiTi<br />
da gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis garSemo, romelTa saqmianoba<br />
saSiS nivTierebebTan da mZime metalebTan aris dakavSirebuli.<br />
monitoringi ar unda Semoifarglebodes garemos faqtorebis kontroliT<br />
mxolod regulirebis obieqtis axlos, aramed moSorebul<br />
teritoriebzec, raTa gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes haerisa da wylis<br />
saSualebiT dambinZurebelTa gadatanis SesaZlebloba.<br />
rac Seexeba samTo-mopovebiTi saqmianobis Sedegad istoriulad<br />
dabinZurebul teritoriebs, aucilebelia SemuSavdes maTi aRdgenaremediaciis<br />
programebi da axali samarTlini midgomebi teritoriis<br />
aRdgenis xarjebis mosaZieblad. am mxriv misasalmebelia rigi mewarmeebis<br />
iniciativebi. magaliTad, 2006 wlis noebridan saaqcio sazogadoeba<br />
“madneulSi”, romelic bolnisis madans amuSavebs, funqcionirebs Sromis<br />
usafrTxoebis, janmrTelobis dacvisa da ekologiis samsaxuri, romlis<br />
mimarTulebaa sawarmos teritoriaze arsebuli istoriuli dabinZurebis<br />
aRmofxvra da garemoze SesaZlo mavne zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli<br />
RonisZiebebis gatareba. am mimarTulebiT sawarmo aqtiurad<br />
TanamSromlobs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s<br />
saministrosTan.
gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />
1. R Gigauri, M. Gakhutishvili, K. Giorgadze & Z. Machaidze, A Method of Sodium<br />
Dithioarsenate(V) Production from Hydrometaiiurgical Industrial Wastes of Non-ferrous<br />
and Noble Metals, Proc. Georgian Acad. Sci. 2004, 30, 205.<br />
2. R. Gigauri, I. Chelidze, A. Chiraqadze, M. Gakhutishvili, R. Sakhvadze The New<br />
Technology of Production of High Pure Metallic Arsenic. First International<br />
Conference on Nanochemistry and Nanotechnologies, March 23-24, 2010. Tbilisi,<br />
Georgia<br />
3. M. Gakhutishvili and R. Gigauri Arsenic Removals. International Conference and<br />
Exhibition, Batumi-Spring-2010.<br />
4. dariSxani da garemomcveli buneba r. gigauri, g. CaCava Tbilisis<br />
universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 2004<br />
5. mdinare rionis auzSi mTavari damabinZurebeli wyaroebis (`cxeli<br />
wertilebis~) identificireba da Sefaseba (Identification and Evaluation of<br />
Pollution Sources (Hot Spots) in the River Rioni Basin), CENN, 2008 w.
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