1 Tavi 5. miwisqveSa wylebi reziume mtknari ... - momxmarebeli.ge
1 Tavi 5. miwisqveSa wylebi reziume mtknari ... - momxmarebeli.ge
1 Tavi 5. miwisqveSa wylebi reziume mtknari ... - momxmarebeli.ge
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<strong>Tavi</strong> <strong>5.</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong><strong>reziume</strong><strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylis resursuli potencialis mixedviT,saqarTvelo erT-erTi umdidresi qveyanaa msoflioSi. am mxriv igisaSualod 2,5-jer aRemateba msoflios maCvenebels erT sul mosaxlezegadaangariSebiT. Tumca saqarTvelos <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s resursebisbolomde jer kidev ar aris gamovlenili. aseve, jerovnad ar arisSefasebuli maTi ekologiuri mdgomareoba.miuxedavad <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s resursebis siuxvisa, saqarTveloSisufTa sasmeli wylis xelmisawvdomoba, TiTqmis yvela regionSi, kvlavproblemad rCeba. qveynis mosaxleobis umetesoba sasmelad <strong>miwisqveSa</strong>wyals iyenebs. aqedan naxevari sasmel wyals damoukideblad moipovebsWebisa da wyaroebis saSualebiT da moixmars mas yovelgvari gawmendisgareSe. amdenad, <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebam SeiZleba Zalze didigavlena iqonios mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze. <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>smonitoringi dRes saqarTveloSi ar xorcieldeba. Tumca 2000 welsganxorcielebuli SefasebebiT <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong> seriozulad iyodabinZurebuli rogorc organuli, ise araorganuli nivTierebebiT.amdenad, aucilebelia aRd<strong>ge</strong>s <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s monitoringi imregionebSi, sadac rogorc maTi <strong>momxmarebeli</strong> mosaxleobis raodenoba,aseve <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebis albaToba maRalia. pirvel rigSiesenia samegrelos, wyaltubos, alaznis, qarTlis da marneuli-gardabnisarteziuli auzebis farglebSi ganla<strong>ge</strong>buli regionebi.1. სახელმწიფო რეგულირება (H1)saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>, zedapiruli<strong>wylebi</strong>sagan gansxvavebiT, wiaRiseul resurss warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. amresursis marTvaze sxvadasxva uwyebebia pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>beli:• wylis resursebis marTva, dacva, kontroli da monitoringisaqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebissaministros kompetenciaa.• licenzias <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s sar<strong>ge</strong>blobisaTvis gascemssaqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro`licenzirebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonisada `sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziis gacemiswesis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos mTavrobis dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebisSesabamisad. <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s gamoyenebaze licenzia gaicemaauqcionis wesiT da savaldebuloa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s gamoyeneba xdeba komerciuli miznebisaTvis.• sasmeli wylis xarisxis kontrols axorcielebs soflismeurneobis saministro.• wylis sanitariul-higienur normebs ad<strong>ge</strong>ns saqarTvelosSromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro.<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s resursebis gamovlena da damuSaveba sasar<strong>ge</strong>blowiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziis safuZvelze xdeba, xolo sabadosgaTvlili saeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bis damtkicebas axorcielebssaqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosTanarsebuli sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo uwyebaTaSorisikomisia.1
<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s obieqtebis dacvis ZiriTad meqanizms warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nskanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT gansazRvruli sanitariuli dacviszonebis (sdz) mowyoba da wiaRiseulis sabadoebis damuSavebis proeqtiTgaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT yvelatipis wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis obieqtebisaTvis unda SemuSavdes sanitariulidacvis zonebis proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebs im specialuriRonisZiebebis gatarebas, romelTa meSveobiTac gamoiricxeba <strong>miwisqveSa</strong><strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba, maTi resursebis araswori eqspluatacia daaramiznobrivi xarjva.mosaxleobis saxelmwifo standartebis moTxovnebis SesabamisiwyliT uzrunvelsayofad da wylis kontrolis mizniT SemuSavebulia`<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebisagan sanitariuli dacvis~`wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis wyaroebis da sasmel-sameurneo daniSnulebiswyalsadenebis da kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitariulidacvis zonebis~ da `Camosxmuli sasmeli wylis xarisxisadmi wayenebulisanitariul-higienuri moTxovnebis~, wesebi da normebi, romelic amwylebSi sxvadasxva dambinZurebel nivTierebaTa zRvrulad dasaSvebkoncentraciebs (zdk) ad<strong>ge</strong>ns. iTvleba, rom Tuki wyalSi dambinZureblisodenoba zdk-s ar aremateba, aseTi wyali janmrTelobisTvis usafrTxoa.2. <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s resursebi (H1)saqarTvelos teritoriis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> hidrosferos farglebSinaTladaa warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili sruli speqtri rogorc klasikuri, asevemetad iSviaTi hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri kanonzomierebebisa da anomaliebisa,rac, <strong>Tavi</strong>s mxriv, ganapirobebs am teritoriaze ZiriTadi, iSviaTi daunikaluri tipis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s (<strong>mtknari</strong>, mineraluri, Termuli)farTo gavrcelebas.saqarTvelos teritoriaze, <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s rogorcraodenobrivi ise Tvisobrivi maCveneblebis formirebis bunebrivipirobebis mixedviT, gavrcelebulia arteziuli auzebi da wyalwnevianisistemebi, romlebic Seicaven forovan, napralur da napralur-karstulicirkulaciis wylebs. maT axasiaTebs didi resursebi, maRalixarisxobrivi maCveneblebi da droSi ganaxlebadoba (ix. sqematuri ruka1).ruka 1. saqarTvelos hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri daraionebis sqematuri rukale<strong>ge</strong>nda:hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuriregionimTavarikavkasioniskristaluriI.substratisgruntis <strong>wylebi</strong>szonamTavarikavkasionisII.samxreT ferdiswyalwnevianiII 1II 2II 3hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri raioniafxazeTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemasvaneTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemamestia-TianeTis napraluri da napralur-karstuliwyalwneviani sistema2
sistemebis zona II 4 yazbeg-mTaTuSeTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemakelasuris kristaluri masivis gruntis napraluriII 5<strong>wylebi</strong>s raioniyeli-yazbegis lavuri ganfenebis gruntis napraluriII 6<strong>wylebi</strong>s raioniIII. saqarTvelosbzifis napraluri da napralur-karstuli <strong>wylebi</strong>sIIIbeltis1arteziuli auziarteziulikodoris forovani, napraluri da napralur-karstuliIIIauzebis zona2<strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auzisamegrelos napraluri da napralur-karstuli <strong>wylebi</strong>sIII 3arteziuli auziraWa-leCxumis napraluri da napralur-karstuli <strong>wylebi</strong>sIII 4arteziuli auzikolxeTis forovani napraluri da napralur-karstuliIII 5<strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auziIII 6 guriis forovani, napraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auziwyaltubos forovani, napraluri da napralur-karstuliIII 7<strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auziargveTis forovani, napraluri da napralur-karstuliIII 8<strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auziqarTlis forovani, napraluri da napralur-karstuliIII 9<strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auzialaznis forovani, napraluri da napralur-karstuliIII 10<strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auziiori-Siraqis forovani da napraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuliIII 11auzimarneuli-gardabnis forovani da napraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>sIII 12arteziuli auziZirulis kristaluri masivis gruntis napraluri daIII 13napralur-karstuli <strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auziIV. aWara-TrialeTis IV 1 aWara-imereTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemanaoWa zonisTrialeTis napraluri da napralur-karstuliIVwyalwneviani2wyalwneviani sistemasistemebis zona Tbilisis napraluri da napralur-karstuliIV 3wyalwneviani sistemaIV 4 axalcixis napraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>s arteziuli auziV. arTvin-bolnisis axalqalaqis lavuri warmonaqmnebis napraluri gruntisVbeltis gruntis 1<strong>wylebi</strong>s raioni<strong>wylebi</strong>s zonajavaxeTis qedis aRmosavleTi kalTis napraluri gruntisV 2<strong>wylebi</strong>s raionirogorc qimiuri ise airuli Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis mixedviT saqarTvelos<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong> xasiaTdeba mravalferovnebiT. maT farTod iyenebenrogorc sasmeli da samkurnalo daniSnulebiT, aseve, rogorc siTburienergiis wyaro.miwisqvesa <strong>wylebi</strong> mineralizaciisa da temperaturis mixedviTpirobiTad iyofa Semdeg jgufebad:a) <strong>mtknari</strong> sasmeli <strong>wylebi</strong> (mineralizaciiT ara umetes 1,0 g/l).b) mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong> (1,0 g/l-ze maRali saerTo mineralizaciiT).g) Termuli <strong>wylebi</strong> _ samkurnalo (20-35 0 C), Tboener<strong>ge</strong>tikuli (40-108 0 C)<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong> (H2)saqarTveloSi <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong> warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sasmeladvargisi umaRlesi xarisxis <strong>wylebi</strong>s yvelaze saimedod dacul wyaros.3
saqarTvelos sasmeli wylis resursebis saerTo raodenobis 60-70%swored am <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebze modis (ix. diagrama 1).<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>mtknari</strong> sasmeli <strong>wylebi</strong> saerTo mineralizaciis mixedviTiyofa ultramtknar _ 0,2-0,3 g/l (ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia samxreTsaqarTvelos teritoriaze) da 0,3_1,0 g/l mineralizaciis mqone wylebad,romlebic praqtikulad saqarTvelos mTel teritoriazea gavrcelebuli.saqarTvelos teritoriaze sul moZiebulia <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong><strong>wylebi</strong>s 100-ze meti sabado, romelTa bunebrivi resursebi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 18mlrd m 3 /weliwadSi (573 m 3 /wm). isini qveynis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri olqebismixedviT Zalze araTanabradaa ganawilebuli (ix. diagrama 1).aWara-TrialeTisnaoWa zoniswyalwnevianisistemis zona9%arTvin-bolnisisbeltis gruntis<strong>wylebi</strong>s zona10%mTavarikavkasionissamxreT ferdisgruntis<strong>wylebi</strong>sa dawyalwnevianisistemis zona52%OsaqarTvelosbeltisarteziuliauzebis zona30%dasavleTisdaZirvis18%aRmosavleTisdaZirvis11%diagrama 1. <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s bunebrivi resursebis ganawilebahidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri olqebis mixedviT.moqmedi normebis mixedviT, <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s bunebriviresursebis gamoyenebis dasaSvebi raodenoba, anu saeqspluatacioresursi, ar unda aRematebodes mTliani resursis naxevars, CvensSemTxvevaSi _ 9 mlrd m 3 / weliwadSi (285,5 m 3 /wm).rogorc bunebrivi, ise saeqspluatacio resursebis siuxviTgansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva afxazeTis, samegrelo-svaneTis, mTianeTisa dakaxeTis, guria-imereTis regionebi, xolo SedarebiT Raribia samcxejavaxeTis,raWa-leCxulis da qvemo qarTlis regionebi.jerjerobiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamovlenili <strong>miwisqveSa</strong><strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s resursebis mxolod mesamedia detalurad Seswavlilida mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo komisiis mier damtkicebuli maTisaeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 4,2 mlrd m 3 /weliwadSi (145,5 m 3 /wm) (ix.diagrama 2). Tumca dReisaTvis am moculobis mxolod mcire nawilisaTviseba xdeba. gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis monacemebiT, rodesacmiwisqvesa <strong>wylebi</strong>s moxmareba maqsimaluri iyo, qveynis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>ssabadoebze damtkicebuli saeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bis samrewvelo4
aTvisebis xvedriTi wili iyo: mineralur <strong>wylebi</strong>saTvis 12%,Termoener<strong>ge</strong>tikuli <strong>wylebi</strong>saTvis 4%, xolo <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong><strong>wylebi</strong>saTvis mxolod 2%,mTavari kavkasionis samxreTferdis gruntis <strong>wylebi</strong>sa dawyalwneviani sistemis zonasaqarTvelos beltisarteziul i auzebisdasavleTis daZirvis zona.saqarTvelos beltisarteziul i auzebisaRmosavleTis daZirvis zona.resursidamtkicebulisaeqspluataciomaragiarTvin-bolnisis bel tisgruntis <strong>wylebi</strong>s zonaaWara-TrialeTis naoWa zoniswyalwneviani sistemis zona0 2 4 6 8 10mlrd m 3 /wwdiagrama 2. saqarTvelos <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s bunebriviresursebis Sefardeba damtkicebul saeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bTan da maTiganawileba hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri olqebis mixedviT.2008 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>weliwadSi gamoyenebuli iyo 427,9 mln. m 3 odenobiT, maT Soris sasmeliwylis sistemebisTvis _ 425,3 mln. m 3 , xolo sawarmoo saWiroebisaTvis _2,6 mln. m 3 . garda amisa, saqarTveloSi qalaqis mosaxleobis 5% dasoflis mosaxleobis 65% sasmel wyals damoukideblad moipovebs daamisaTvis ZiriTadad <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebs iyenebs.5
450400350300?250?200?150100500diagrama 3. saqarTvelos regionebis mosaxleobis raodenoba,romelic mtknar sasmel wyals individualurad moipovebs.sasmeli da samkurnalo daniSnulebis mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong> (H2)saqarTvelo agreTve mdidaria mineraluri <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>T.bunebrivi <strong>wylebi</strong>, aranakleb 1 g/l mineralizaciiT, romlebicSeicaven airebs, momatebuli raodenobiT iSviaT elementebs,biologiurad aqtiuri komponentebs da axasiaTebT specifiurisamkurnalo Tvisebebi (temperatura, radioaqtiuroba), miekuTvnebianmineralur wylebs.mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong> <strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>sgan ZiriTadad imiTgansxvavdebian, rom maT samkurnalo Tvisebebi gaaCniaT, rac sasikeTogavlenas axdenen adamianis organizmze da gamoiyeneba rogorc Sinaganiaseve garegani moxmarebisaTvis.saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamovlenili sxvadasxva samkurnaloTvisebebis Tvisebebis mqone mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>s gamosavlebis (wyaroebi,WaburRilebi) saerTo raodenoba 2000-s aWarbebs, maTi jamuri debiti 160aTasi m 3 -ia dRe-RameSi. qimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobisa da saerTo mineralizaciismaCveneblebis mixedviT es <strong>wylebi</strong> pirobiTad dayofilia 1,0-5 g/l-mde,5,0-10,0 g/l-mde da 10,0 g/l-ze meti mineralizaciis mqone wylebad..qveynis mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>s prognozuli resursebi dReRameSidaaxloebiT 50 mln. m 3 -is tolia. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos teritoriazedetalurad Seswavlilia mineraluri wylis 45 sabado. mara<strong>ge</strong>bissaxelmwifo komisiaSi damtkicebuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bis raodenoba Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 76,2aTas m 3 /dR.R. maTgan meoTxedis gamoyeneba xdeba balneologiaSi,naxevarze mets sammagi gamoyeneba aqvs (balneologia, Tbomomara<strong>ge</strong>ba,samrewvelo Camosxma), xolo nawili gaTvaliswinebulia samrewveloCamosxmisaTvis. didi popularobiT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobs e.w. `sufris~dabalmineralizebuli mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>, romlebic ar Seicaven6
iologiurad aqtiur komponentebs da ar gaaCniaT specifiuri Tvisebebi.`yazbegi~, `uwera~, `mestia~ da sxv. es <strong>wylebi</strong>, im <strong>wylebi</strong>sgan rasacZiriTadad qveynis mosaxleoba moixmars (centralizebuli sistemebi dazedapiruli <strong>wylebi</strong>), gansxvavdeba <strong>Tavi</strong>si maRali bunebrivi TvisebebiTada ekologiuri sisuf<strong>Tavi</strong>T.gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebs ganekuTvnebamaRali samkurnalo Tvisebebis sasmeli mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>, romelTabrendi maRali popularobiT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobs rogorc saqarTveloSi, asevemsoflioSi. rogoricaa: `borjomi~, `nabeRlavi~, `sairme~, aseve `mitarbi~,`flate~, `likani~, `zanavi~, `kokotauri~ `yvibisi~ da sxva mravali.aRniSnuli <strong>wylebi</strong>s gamoyeneba xdeba rogorc adgilze _ sanatoriulsakurorto,samedicino da profilaqtikur dawesebulebebSisamkurnalod, aseve samrewvelo Camosxmis miznebisaTvis.balneologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania garegani moxmarebis(samkurnalo abazanebi da sxv.) mineraluri <strong>wylebi</strong>, romelTa gamoyenebissfero Zalze mravalferovania: gul-sisxlZarRvTa, periferiuli nervuli,Zval-kunTovani sistemebis, <strong>ge</strong>nokologiuri, kanis, otolaringologiuridaavadebebi da sxva. `wyaltubo~, `menji~, `caiSi~ da sxv.Termuli <strong>wylebi</strong> (H2)saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRricxulia 40_108 0 C temperaturis mqonewylis 200-ze meti bunebrivi (8 wyaro) da xelovnuri (200 WaburRili)calkeuli da jgufuri gamosavlebi. maTi jamuri debiti Sead<strong>ge</strong>nsdaaxloebiT 160 aTas m 3 /dR.R.<strong>ge</strong>oTermuli Seswavlis donis mixedviT, wiaRSi arsebuli Termuli<strong>wylebi</strong>s prognozuli resursi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 350-400 mln. m 3 /weliwadSi.mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo komisiaSi damtkicebuli Termuli wylissaeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bi (15 sabado) 126 aTasi m 3 /dR.R. tolia, racsaerTo prognozuli resursebis mxolod 20%-s Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns.qveynis teritoriaze arsebul <strong>ge</strong>oTermuli <strong>wylebi</strong>s, moxmarebisspeqtri temperaturuli maCveneblebis mixedviT sakmaod farTea. maTiyeneben mrewvelobaSi, soflis meurneobaSi, aseve komunalur meurneobasada balneologiaSi (Tbilisi-lisi, oxurei, zugdidi-caiSi).3. <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebis gamomwvevi mizezebi (H1)<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> hidrosferos dabinZureba mniSvnelovnad arisganpirobebuli garemos sxva elementebis (niada<strong>ge</strong>bi, zedapiruli <strong>wylebi</strong>s,atmosferos da atmosferuli naleqebis) mdgomareobiT. ყველა მათგანს აქვსგავლენა მიწისქვეშა წყლის ხარისხზე. wylis bunebrivi wrebrunvis SedegaddamabinZurebeli nivTierebebi garemodan xvdebian <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSi.niadagidan isini atmosferul naleqebTan erTad CaiJonebian gruntiswylebSi, xolo zedapiruli <strong>wylebi</strong>dan wyalSemcvel horizontebSi.atmosferodan ki _ mtverTan da atmosferul naleqebTan erTad xvdebianjer zedapirul wylebSi, Semdeg iqidan <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSi.hidrosferos dabinZureba ZiriTadad xdeba qimiuri, biologiuri daradioaqtiuri wyaroebidan.qimiuri dabinZureba xdeba sxvadasxva samrewvelo sawarmos (qimiuri,navTobqimiuri, navTob da samTomompovebeli, metalurgiuli, celuloza-7
qaRaldis, ludis) da sxva warmomavlobis Txevadi Camonadenis myarinarCenebis xarjze.<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSi, Txevadi Camonadenis Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobaSi arsebuliorganuli da araorganuli dambinZurebeli nivTierebebi SeiZlebamoxvdes uSualod am sawarmoebis teritoriaze teqnologiuri gaJonvisSedegad, agreTve, Camdinare <strong>wylebi</strong>s miwaze moxvedris gziT, ansaleqarebidan, e.w. `kudebidan~, Slamis sacavebidan, safiltraciomoednebidan da a.S.<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiTsaSiSia narCenebis dagroveba an Senaxva iseT teritoriebze anobieqtebze, romelic <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s damcveli sistemebiT ar arisaRWurvili. samwuxarod saqarTvelos arc erT municipalur nagavsayrelsaseTi sistema ar gaaCnia. narCenebis lpobisa da daSlis procesSiwarmoqmnili naJuri siTxeebi xvdeba niadagSi da <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>sdabinZurebis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. igive iTqmis samTomopovebiTimrewvelobis narCenebsa da nayarebze.ზოგიერთი qimiuri daმბინძურებლები, რომელიც წყალში ძალზე კარგადიხსნება vrceldeba did manZilze da dabinZurebis kerebis zomebi dafarTobi icvleba drosa da sivrceSi imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoriakonkretuli raionis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri pirobebi da wyalSemcvelihorizontis am<strong>ge</strong>bi qanebis Tvisebebi. წყალში ნაკლებად ხსნადი ქიმიურიდამბინძურებლები კი ილექება მიწისქვეშა წყლების ჰორიზონტებში, საიდანაც მათიმოშორება უკვე პრაქტიკულად შეუძლებელია და ისინი მიწისქვესა წყლების მუდმივდამბინძურებლად იქცევა. განსაკუთრებით საგანგაშოა მიწისქვეშა ჰორიზიონტებშიისეთი ტოქსიკური ნივთიერებების დალექვა, როგორიცაა ქლორშემცველინახშირწყალბადები და პოლიქლორირებული ბიფენილები.biologiuri dabinZureba გულისხმობს მიწისქვეშა წყლებში ისეთიბაქტერიების არსებობას, როგორიცაა ფეკალური კოლოფორმები ან ფეკალურისტრეპტოკოკები. წყალში ამ ფორმების არსებობა ხშირად აგრეთვე მიუთითებს წყლისდაბინძურებაზე ისეთი საშიში დაავადებების გამომწვევებით, როგორიცაა muclistifi, dizinteriა, qolera da sxva es baqteriebi advilad xvdeba gruntiswylebSi sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo <strong>wylebi</strong>s meSveobiT da dazianebulisakanalizacio sistemebidan, mesaqonleobis fermebidan damefrinveleobis fabrikebidan. rac Seexeba wnevian (arteziul) wylebs,maTi biologiuri dabinZurebis wyaro SeiZleba gaxdes mitovebuliwyalsaRebebi da saZiebo WaburRilebi.kvlevebiT dad<strong>ge</strong>nilia, rom <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSi baqteriebissicocxlisunarianobis xangrZlivoba metia, vidre zedapirul wylebSi,rac aixsneba <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s meti daculobiT mzis sxivebis,განსაკუთრებით მზის ულტრაიისფერი გამოსხივების zemoqmedebisgan, რომელიცბაქტერიებისთვის დამღუპველია. გარდა ამისა, <strong>wylebi</strong>s SedarebiT dabalitemperaturა აგრეთვე ხელს უწყობს ბაქტერიების ხანგრძლივ არსებობას.radiaciuli dabinZurebis warmoSobis or saxes ganasxvaveben _bunebrivs da xelovnurs. pirveli gamowveulia bunebriv pirobebSiwylebSi uranis, radiumis, stronciumis, tritiumisa da sxva elementebisarsebobiT, meore SemTxvevaSi ki radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis wyaroa<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> atomuri afeTqebebi, atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis muSaobisnarCenebi.8
<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong> ZiriTadad binZurdeba samrewvelo dasayofacxovrebo narCenebis, sasoflo-meurneo saqmianobasTandakavSirebuli dambinZurebeli nivTierebebisa da bunebriviarakondiciuri zedapiruli da <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s moxvedriTwyalSemcvel horizontebSi, rac iwvevs <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s binZurdebasmikro da makroelementebiT, arametalebiT, navTobproduqtebiT,pesticidebiT. maT Soris gansakuTrebiTY saSiSia pesticidebi, romelTacaxasiaTebs toqsikuroba, wyalsa da garemoSi didxans SenarCunebisa daSors manZilze migraciis unari.<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s ekologiuri mdgomareoba didad arisgamokidebuli im wyalSemcveli horizontebis ganla<strong>ge</strong>bis pirobebze dadaculobis xarisxze, romlebSic isini formirdebian. wyalSemcvelihorizontebis ganla<strong>ge</strong>bis pirobebis mixedviT <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>ZiriTadad iyofa gruntis (zedapiridan pirveli udawnevo wylSemcvelifenis <strong>wylebi</strong>) da arteziul (fenTaSorisi wneviani wyalSemcvelihorizontis <strong>wylebi</strong>) wylebad. unda aRiniSnos, rom maTi bunebrividaculobis xarisxze mniSvnelovanwilad aris damokidebuli<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebis done.yvelaze advilad binZurdeba gruntis <strong>wylebi</strong> bunebriviwyalgaumtari erTiani safaris (saxuravis) ararsebobis gamo. aeraciiszonis mcire simZlavris SemTxvevaSi, masSi advilad CaiJoneba samrewvelo<strong>wylebi</strong>, xolo sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebidan atmosferulnaleqebTan da sarwyav wylebTan erTad CaiJoneba Sxamqimikatebi.<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba ZiriTadad im regionebSi xdeba,sadac wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis wyaroebs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns mdinareTa filtratebi daaraRrmad ganla<strong>ge</strong>buli ekologiurad daucveli <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>shorizontebi, romlebic metad mgrZnobiarea zedapiruli <strong>wylebi</strong>sxarisxobrivi mdgomareobis mimarT, maTTan uSualo hidravlikurikavSiris gamo. amitom, aucilebelia mkacrad iyos daculi isteritoriebi, sadac uSualodaa ganla<strong>ge</strong>buli <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s sasmelsameurneomiznebisaTvis gamosayeneblad SerCeuli obieqtebi, radgan maTsiaxloves arsebulma dambinZureblebma SeiZleba Secvalos rigorcwylis Sed<strong>ge</strong>niloba, xarisxi da wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis pirobebi, asevegamoiwvios sxva arasasurveli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi.miuxedava imisa, rom aseTi wyalSemcveli horizontebis <strong>wylebi</strong>advilad binZurdebian da moiTxoven sanitariul damuSavebas,mosaxleobis mxridan maT didi praqtikuli gamoyeneba aqvT.gacilebiT naklebad an praqtikulad ar binZurdeba wneviani<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s Semcveli horizontebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiTdaculia dawnevis areSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ar aris gamoricxuliam horizontebis kvebis aredan, wyalgaumtar fenebSi arsebuli`fanjrebis~ gavliT, samrewvelo Camonadenis Rrmad ganla<strong>ge</strong>bul SreebSicmoxvedra da wneviani <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebac4. <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebis done (H1)miuxedavad imisa, rom <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s horizontebi miCneuliabunebrivad daculad anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri faqtorebis negatiurizegavlenisgan, mainc SeimCneva maTze mavne zegavlenis mniSvnelovanigaZliereba. es gamowveulia <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s hidravlikuri kavSiriTdabinZurebul zedaprul wylebTan, samrewvelo narCenebis samarxebTan,9
sasuqiT damuSavebul sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebTan, samrewveloobieqtebTan da sxva faqtorebTan.<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> hidrosferos dabinZurebaSi igulisxmeba wylis xarisxiscvlileba, mis bunebriv (fonur) mdgomareobasTan SedarebiT, gamowveulirogorc bunebrivi dabinZurebiT, aseve anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri saqmianobiT, racwyals nawilobriv an mTlianad gamousadegars xdis. pirvel rigSi esexeba mtknar <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wyals.aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos umetesi qalaqisa da soflismosaxleoba sasmelad iyenebs gruntis (Wisa da wyaros) wyals, romelic,arteziuli (wneviani) <strong>wylebi</strong>sgan gansxvavebiT, Zalze sustad arisdaculi dabinZurebisagan.saqarTvelos teritoriis dablobi da mTaTaSorisi regionebi(kolxeTis dablobi, qarTlis veli, md. alaznis marcxena napiri da sxv.),romelTa farglebSic Tavmoyrilia erovnuli meurneobis mTelipotenciali da msxvili dasaxlebuli punqtebis 80%-ze meti, <strong>miwisqveSa</strong>hidrosferos, gansakuTrebiT gruntis da zedapiridan pirveli wnevianiwyalSemcveli fenis umetesi nawili, dabinZurebis riskis zonaSiamoqceuli.saqarTvelos <strong>ge</strong>ologiis saxelmwifo departamentis მიერ mTel rigregionebSi mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda reJimulidakvirvebebi (monitoringi) <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s resursebis raodenobasada xarisxze.me-20 saukunis bolo aTwleulebSi sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSiagroqimikatebis didi dozebiT gamoyenebas mohyva rogorc zedapiruli,ise gruntis <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba nitratebiT, nitritebiT, pesticidebiT.amave mizeziT, mTel qveynis rig regionebSi, rogoricaa samegrelo,aWara-guria, qarTli, kaxeTi, qvemo imereTi, sadac mosaxleoba mWidrodaadasaxlebuli da centralizebuli wyalsaRebebis farTo qselifunqcionirebs, marTalia iSviaTad, magram mainc hqonda adgili Rrmadganla<strong>ge</strong>buli arteziuli horizontebis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebisSemTxvevebsac.am periodisaTvis, aRniSnuli regionebis teritoriis farglebSigavrcelebuli meoTxeuli naleqebis doneze arsebuli gruntis <strong>wylebi</strong>sqimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis analizebma aCvenes, rom maTSi nitratebisSemcveloba zRvrulad dasaSveb normas 20-30-jer aRemateba. aseve 3-4-jermetia amiakis Semcveloba, 2-3-jer _ nitritebisa. es ukanaskneli axalidabinZurebis maCvenebelia da misi wyaroa ara mxolod sasuqebiTgajerebuli saxnav-saTesi savargulebi unda yofili, aramed imsameurneo obieqtebis Camdinare <strong>wylebi</strong>, romlebic sawarmoo miznebisaTvisnitratul marilebs iyeneben. aseve mniSvnelovnad iyo dabinZurebulizedapiridan pirveli wyalSemcavi horizontis udawneo <strong>wylebi</strong>c,razedac miuTiTebda maTSi amoniumis da nitratebis zdk-ze maRaliSemcveloba.2000 w-s monitoringuli qselis farglebSi ganxorcielda <strong>miwisqveSa</strong><strong>wylebi</strong>s sxvadasxva obieqtebis 707 sinjis analizi da gakeTda daskvna,rom: saqarTvelos teritoriaze <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebma ganicades Tvisebrivicvlilebebi xarisxis gauaresebis TvalsazrisiT da rom <strong>miwisqveSa</strong>hidrosferos dabinZurebis masStabebi rogorc lokaluri, aseveregionuli xasiaTisaa da saWiroebs aucilebel reagirebas.2-5 rukebze Cans 2000 wlis mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos <strong>miwisqveSa</strong>წყლების ekologiuri viTarebis amsaxveli suraTi 15 hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuriraionis mixedviT (ix. ruka 2-5).10
1970-1990 ww-Si saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamovlenili <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>sdabinZureba:ruka 2: <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba amoniumis ionebiTruka 3: <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba nitritisa da nitratis ionebiTruka 4: <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba navTobproduqtebiT da fenolebiTruka 5: <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba pesticidebiT, wylebSi Jangbadisbioqimiuri moxmarebisa da permanganaturi Jangvadobis maCveneblebi.ruka 6: <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba metalebiT da arametalebiTruka 7: <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba bromis, qloris da gogirdisnaerTebiTa) axalcixis arteziuli auzi da axalqalaqis lavuri warmonaqmnebisnapraluri gruntis <strong>wylebi</strong>s raionisamcxe-javaxeTis regionis farglebSi (aspinZis raionis garda)gavrcelebuli naleqebis pirveli wyalSemcveli horizontis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong><strong>wylebi</strong> (52 WaburRilis, 29 wyaros da 6 Wis monacemebiT) gabinZurebuliaazotovani naerTebiT: nitratebiT, nitritebiT da amiakiT, romelTaSemcveloba <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSi 1,5-3,0 jer aRemateba zRvrulad dasaSvebkoncentracias (zdk).b) alaznis da iori-Siraqis arteziuli auzikaxeTis regionis teritoriaze, <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSi (152 WaburRilismonacemebiT) zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias aRemateba nitratebis,nitritebisa da gogirdwyalbadis Semcveloba. dabinZurebis mizezi undaყოფილიყო municipaluri an sayofacxovrebo-sameurneo Camdinare <strong>wylebi</strong>ssistemis dazianeba, mecxoveleobis fermebidan fekaluri <strong>wylebi</strong>s dasasoflo-sameurneo savargulebidan Sxamqimikatebis CaJonva, aseve sasuqissawyobebis gaumarTaoba da sxv.g) samegrelos arteziuli auzisamegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionis teritoriaze gruntis <strong>wylebi</strong>ZiriTadad dabinZurebuli იყო azotis naerTebiT _ nitratebiT,nitritebiT da amoniumiT, SeiniSneboda, agreTve, rkinis, fenolisa damanganumis Semcveloba. 79 WaburRilis monacemebis mixedviT, dabinZurebismaRali xarisxiT gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda mWidrod dasaxlebulipunqtebi.e) mestia-TianeTis wyalwneviani sistemamcxeTa-TianeTis regioni mWidrod dasaxlebuli raionebisgan Sed<strong>ge</strong>bada am teritoriaze gavrcelebulia soflis meurneobis TiTqmis yveladargi. Sesabamisad, aq, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSi, farTodgamoiyeneboda sxvadasxva tipis Sxamqimikatebi da mineraluri sasuqebi.sakvlev teritoriaze, 58 WaburRilSi, dafiqsirda zdk-ze meti iseTiingredientebi, rogoricaa: nitratebi, nitritebi, amoniumi, qlori, rkina.v) qarTlis arteziuli auzi11
Sida qarTlis regionSi me-20 s-is bolosaTvis didi raodenobiT iyosamrewvelo obieqtebi: cementisa da Saqris qarxnebi, xorckombinati,avtogasamarTi sadgurebi da sxv. am teritoriaze 83 WaburRilSi zdk-TanSedarebiT maRali iyo iseTi damabinZurebeli ingredientebi, rogoricaamanganumi, rkina, nitratebi da nitritebi.z) marneuli-gardabnis arteziuli auziqvemo qarTlis regionis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSidamabinZurebeli ingredientebis zdk-Tan SedarebiT momatebuliraodenoba dafiqsirebuli iyo 77 WaburRilsa da 8 wyaroSi. ZiriTadadgamovlenili iyo amoniumi, nitratebi, nitritebi, bariumi, bori, kobalti,fenolebi, pesticidebi, rkina. aRniSnuli damabinZureblebis gamomwvevmizezad unda CaiTvalos rogorc zedapiruli, aseve <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>sbazaze moqmedi sarwyavi arxebis arakondiciuri <strong>wylebi</strong>T sasoflosameurneoobieqtebis morwyva. am <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZureba metwiladdakavSirebuli iyo bolnisis madniani zonis mdinareebis wylebSiCamdinare madneulis spilenZ-kolCedanuri sabados samTo-mompovebelikompleqsis samrewvelo narCenebTan.T) wyaltubos, argveTis da Zirulis arteziuli auzebiimereTis regionis teritoriaze Semowmebul 53 wyalpunqtSi (6wyaro da 47 WaburRili) aRiniSneboda zdk-Tan SedarebiT momatebulidamabinZurebeli ingredientebis Semcveloba. am mxriv sayuradReboa q.quTaisis farglebSi <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebSi mZime metalebis arseboba, racgamowveuli unda ყოფილიყო am regionSi ganla<strong>ge</strong>buli sawarmoebidanCaJonili wyliT.i) guriis arteziuli auziguriis regionis mdinareebis auzebisa da maTi filtratebisteritoriebze arsebuli 25 WaburRilis wylebSi zdk-Tan SedarebiTmomatebuli aRmoCnda amoniumis, nitratebis da nitritebis Semcveloba.k) raWa-leCxumis arteziuli auziraWa-leCxum-qvemo svaneTis regionis farglebSi Seswavliliwyalpunqtebidan mxolod 5 wyaroSi aRmoCnda momatebuli zdk-TanSedarebiT rkinis, tyviis, boris da nitratebis Semcveloba.l) aWara-imereTis wyalwneviani sistemaaWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriis farglebSi ZiriTadaddabinZurebuli iyo aWaris mdinareTa auzebi da misi filtratebi,romelTa dabinZureba xdeboda navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis Camdinare<strong>wylebi</strong>T, baTumis qimiur-farmacevtuli qarxnisa da gadasatvirTinavTobbazis narCenebiT. 1990-iani wlebis monacemebiT, eqspluataciaSimyofi 30 araRrma WaburRilebis wylebSi dafiqsirebuli iyo amoniumis,nitratebis, nitritebis, fenolebis da navTobproduqtebis zdk-TanSedarebiT maRali koncentraciebi.<strong>5.</strong> ZiriTadi gamowvevebi (H1)1990 wlebis monitoringuli kvlevebis masalebi aCvenebs, romsaqarTvelos teritoriis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> წყლების mdgomareoba arSeesabameboda dad<strong>ge</strong>nil normebs da, rom <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> sasmelma wyalmaganicada raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi cvlilebebi rogorc lokaluri,aseve regionuli masStabiT da xSir SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis miersasmelad moxmarebuli <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s xarisxi ar pasuxobda sasmeliwylisadmi saxelmwifo standartebiT wayenebul moTxovnebs.12
dReisaTvis ar arsebobs uaxlesi monacemebi qveynis <strong>miwisqveSa</strong>hidrosferos ekologiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, radgan oci welia armimdinareobs <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> sasmeli <strong>wylebi</strong>s mdgomareobis kontroli;daud<strong>ge</strong>nelia wylis resurebis dabinZurebis xarisxi da masStabebi; araris SemuSavebuli <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s resursebis daSretisa daxarisxis gauaresebis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebi, romelTa safuZvelzecSesaZlebeli iqneba mosalodneli safrTxeebis nawilobriv aRmofxvraan maTi Semcireba.miuxedavad imisa, rom wiaRiT mosar<strong>ge</strong>ble subieqtebi, romelickomerciuli miznebisaTvis moipoveben <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> wylebs, asrulebssaqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul wesebsa da moTxonebs, dResmainc aqvs adgili am pirobebis Seusruleblobas. kerZod, wiaRis Sesaxebinformaciis erTian fondSi registraciis da specialuri nebarTvebisgareSe xdeba saeqspluatacio WaburRilebis burRva; irRveva burRvisteqnologiuri procesebi da ar xdeba burRvis monacemTa SesabamisiformiT dokumentireba; ar sruldeba sanitariuli dacvis zonebisa dasabados teqnologiuri damuSavebis proeqtebis moTxovnebi;ugulvebelyofilia wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis wyaroebis SerCevisa daSefasebisaTvis aucilebeli kriteriumebi da sxva. amasTan, ganuwyvetlivizrdeba anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri datvirTvebi, romelTa yovelgvar zemoqmedebaze<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong> swrafad reagireben.<strong>mtknari</strong> <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s mdgomareobis dad<strong>ge</strong>nis, maTiracionaluri gamoyenebisa da dacvis mizniT, aucilebelia aRd<strong>ge</strong>s მათიhidromonitoringi da SemuSavdes wylis resursebis dacvis grZelvadianisaxelmwifo programa.pirvel rigSi monitoringuli samuSaoebis Catareba aucilebeliasamegrelos, wyaltubos, alaznis, qarTlis, marneuli-gardabnisarteziul auzebSi. am arteziuli auzebis SerCevas safuZvlad udevsSemdegi kriteriumebi:a) mosaxleobis mier <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s moxmarebis maRali xvedriTiwili;b) <strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s dabinZurebis maRali riskis ubnebis arseboba;g) mWidrod dasaxlebuli teritoriebi ganviTarebuli mrewvelobiTada soflis meurneobiT.pirvel etapze unda Sefasdes monitoringis arsebuli qselismdgomareoba da misi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. monitoringis punqtebisganTavseba unda moxdes ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos adeqvaturad Sefasdes<strong>miwisqveSa</strong> <strong>wylebi</strong>s xarisxobrivi mdgomareoba da gamovlindesdabinZurebis wyaroebi da masStabebi. ganxorcielebuli kvlevebisSedegad SemuSavdeba maTi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis rekomendaciebi daSeirCeva wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis obieqtebis mosawyobad ekologiurad usafrTxoteritoriebi.13
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