istoria - Ganatleba
istoria - Ganatleba
istoria - Ganatleba
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Tavi<br />
8<br />
dro da sivrce I<br />
es<br />
sainteresoa<br />
leqsikoni<br />
1. 2. dro da kalendari<br />
buda – (`gamoRviZebuli~, `gasxivosnebuli~); budisturi religiis fuZemdebeli<br />
era – laTinuri sityvaa da niSnavs `sawyiss~; saidanac iTvleba welTaRricxva<br />
muhamedi – muslimTa winaswarmetyveli, islamis fuZemdebeli<br />
qoronikoni – berZnuli sityvaa, niSnavs `welTaRricxvas~, Seadgens 532-wlian cikls.<br />
xana – drois monakveTi, romelic asocirdeba raime mdgomareobasTan an<br />
pirovnebasTan. mag.: qvis xana, Tamaris xana<br />
qronologia – istoriis damxmare dargi, romelic swavlobs faqtebisa da movlenebis<br />
daTariRebas.<br />
dro, era da pirveli kalendari<br />
dro da sivrce ganuyofelia da erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli. samyaroSi<br />
yvelaferi mudmivad xdeboda, xdeba da moxdeba. dro arasdros Cerdeba.<br />
u drois aRricxvis erTeulia:<br />
1 wuTi – 60 wami<br />
1 saaTi – 60 wuTi<br />
1 dRe – 24 saaTi<br />
1 kvira – 7 dRe<br />
1 Tve – 30-31 dRe (gamonaklisia Tebervali, 28 an 29 dRe)<br />
1 weliwadi – moicavs 365 dRes, 5 saaTs, 48 wuTs da 46 wams<br />
(yovel meoTxe wels weliwads emateba erTi dRe)<br />
1 saukune – 100 weli<br />
1 aTaswleuli anu mileniumi – 10 saukune, anu 1000 weli<br />
warsuli movlenebis Txrobisas yovelTvis veyrdnobiT qronologias. faqtebis<br />
daTariReba saSualebas gvaZlevs, movlenebi im TanmimdevrobiT SeviswavloT,<br />
rogorc isini ganviTardnen.<br />
welTaRricxvis mixedviT, msoflio <strong>istoria</strong> or nawilad iyofa. qristes Sobamde<br />
anu Zveli welTaRricxviT momxdar <strong>istoria</strong>d da qristes Sobidan anu axali wel-<br />
TaRricxviT ganviTarebul ambebad. istoriul literaturaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT<br />
terminebs: qristes Sobamde (SemoklebiT qr. S.-mde), es igivea, rac Zveli welTa-<br />
RricxviT (SemoklebiT Zv.w.-iT); gvxvdeba termini qristes Sobidan (SemoklebiT<br />
qr. S.-dan) anu axali welTaRricxviT (SemoklebiT ax. w.-iT).<br />
qr. S.-mde qristes dabadeba qristeSobidan<br />
II saukune I saukune I saukune II saukune III saukune<br />
qristianuli welTaRricxvis safuZvelia qristes dabadeba. qristes dabadebamde<br />
wlebi da saukuneebi klebiT midis, anu qristes dabadebamde periodis movlenebis<br />
swavlisas unda gvaxsovdes: jer iqneba V saukune, Semdeg – IV, III, II da I saukune.<br />
asevea wlebic: 123, 122 da a. S.<br />
qristes Sobidan ki wlebisa da saukuneebis aTvlas matebiT viwyebT.<br />
mag.: 1, 2, 3, 4 ... wlebi, XV, XVI, XVII ... XXI saukune. ase daTariReba gvexmareba, gavigoT,<br />
ramdeni weli gavida qristes dabadebidan.<br />
f<br />
f<br />
u aleqsandre makedoneli qristes dabadebamde moRvaweobda. igi daibada qr. S.mde<br />
anu qr. S.-mde-is 356 wels da gardaicvala qr. S.-mde anu Zv. w-is 323 wels,<br />
nabuqodonosoris sasaxleSi. aleqsandre makedoneli cxovrobda qr. S.-mde IV<br />
saukuneSi.<br />
u daviT IV aRmaSenebeli daibada qr. S.-dan anu ax. w.-iT 1073 wels, gaimarjva<br />
didgorSi qr. S.-dan 1121 wels, xolo gardaicvala qr. S.-dan 1125 wels. daviT<br />
aRmaSenebli cxovrobda qr. S.-dan XI-XII saukuneebSi.<br />
daalage rubrikaSi `es sainteresoa~ dasaxelebuli TariRebi drois xazze.<br />
Seni azriT, ratom aris miRebuli drois aTvla qristes dabadebidan?<br />
kiTxvebi da davalebebi<br />
era<br />
qristianuli welTaRricxva Semoitana romaelma berma dionise mcirem, romelmac<br />
gansazRvra qristes dabadebis TariRi. saqarTveloSi qristianuli era VIII<br />
saukunidan Cndeba.<br />
qristianuli eris garda dRes msoflioSi moqmedebs: islamuri era da budisturi<br />
era. islamuri eris sawyis etapad miCneulia muhamedis meqadan medinaSi gadasvlis<br />
TariRi anu hijra (qr. S.-dan 622 wlis 15 ivlisi – qristianuli welTaRricxviT),<br />
xolo budisturi era saTaves iRebs budas gardacvalebidan (qr. S.-mde 544 wlidan<br />
– qristianuli welTaRricxviT).<br />
saaTi<br />
dRes Zneli warmosadgenia adamiani an ojaxi saaTis gareSe. Senc zustad ici,<br />
romel saaTze unda mixvide skolaSi, ramdeni wuTi grZeldeba gakveTili, romel<br />
saaTze unda dabrunde Sin da a. S.<br />
Zvel droSi ki adamiani zustad ver gansazRvravda dros, amitom saqmianobas<br />
iwyebda gaTenebisas da asrulebda daRamebisas.<br />
adamiani Zvel droSi dRe-Rames yofda monakveTebad – ganTiadi, dila, SuadRe,<br />
saRamo, Rame.<br />
dRe-Rame saaTebad (20 nawilad) pirvelad Zvelma egviptelebma dayves. isini mzis<br />
saaTis meSveobiT axdendnen drois gansazRvras. zamTarSi dRe moklea, zafxulSi<br />
ki grZeli. Sesabamisad, egviptelTa saaTebis xangrZlivobac gansxvavdeboda.<br />
SedarebiT srulyofili iyo dRis saaTebad danawilebis romaelTa mier Seqmnili<br />
es<br />
sainteresoa<br />
9
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