soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ...

soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti 

iuridiuli fakulteti 

soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 

iuridiuli fakultetis 

Seqmnis 30 wlisadmi miZRvnili 

respublikuri samecniero 

konferenciis masalebi 

Tbilisi 

2010-2012

krebulSi mocemulia soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli 

fakultetis Seqmnis 30 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil samecniero konferenciaze 

warmodgenili moxsenebebi, romelic eTmoba samarTlis aqtualur 

problemebs. publikaciebSi mocemul mosazrebebi ekuTvniT maT 

avtorebs. krebuli gankuTvnilia praqtikosi iuristebis, iuridiuli 

fakultetis studentebisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebiT dainteresebul 

mkviTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis. 

saredaqcio sabWo: 

samarTlis doqtori, asocirebuli profesori vefxvia gvaramia (redaqtori); 

iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori guram naWyebia; 

iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori oTar gamyreliZe; iuridiul 

mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori SoTa fafiaSvili; samarTlis 

doqtori, asocirebuli profesori asmaT gugava; samarTlis doqtori, 

asocirebuli profesori lali gabisonia; samarTlis doqtori, 

profesori mixeil mamniaSvili; samarTlis doqtori ediSer futkaraZe; 

samarTlis doqtori, asistent profesori aleqsandre giorgi- 

Ze; asistent profesori sofio gvaramia; samarTlis doqtori, asistent 

profesori laSa gelantia. 

kompiuteruli redaqtireba: 

marine kilaberia, irma gabelia 

© ssu iuridiuli fakulteti — 2010-2012

Sokhumi State University 

Faculty of Law 

MATERIALS 

OF THE REPUBLICAN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 

DEDICATED TO THE 30 th ANNIVERSARY 

OF THE FACULTY OF LAW 

OF SOKHUMI STATE UNIVERSITY 

Tbilisi 

2010-2012

This collection of includes the works presented at the scientific conference dedicated to 

30 th anniversary of establishment of the Faculty of Law of Sokhumi State University dealing 

with the significant problems of law. Ideas in these publications belong to their 

authors. Collection of works is intended to the practitioners, students of the faculties of 

law and wide audience interested in the legal issues. 

EDITORIAL BOARD: 

PhD in Law, Associated Professor Vephkhvia Gvaramia (Editor-in-Chief); Doctor of 

Juridical Science, Professor Guram Nachkebia; Doctor of Juridical Science, Otar 

Gamkrelidze; Doctor of Juridical Science, Professor Shota Phaphiashvili; PhD in 

Law, Associated Professor Asmat Gugava; PhD in Law, Associated Professor Lali Gabisonia; 

PhD in Law, Professor Mikheil Mamniashvili; PhD in Law Edisher Phutkaradze; 

PhD in Law, Assistant Professor Aleksander Giorgidze; Assistant Professor Sophio 

Gvaramia; PhD in Law; PhD in Law, Assistant Professor Lasha Gelantia. 

Computer Editing: 

Marine Kilaberia, Irma Gabelia. 

© Faculty of Law of SSU – 2010-2012

S i n a a r s i 

oTar gamyreliZe 

guram naWyebia 

nikoloz (nugzar) 

gabriCiZe 

SoTa fafiaSvili 

mixeil 

mamniaSvili 

Tea SayulaSvili 

paata kobalaZe 

ediSer futkaraZe 

petre 

dauTaSvili 

aleqsandre 

giorgiZe 

irma gabelia 

gimzer alania 

jemal gaxokiZe 

vefxvia gvaramia 

qeTevan jinWaraZe 

daviT geferiZe, 

avTandil xazalia 

qeTevan 

qoqraSvili 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis cneba da sisxlis 

samarTlis kanoni .................................................. 11 

eventualuri ganzraxvis problema sisxlis 

samarTalSi ............................................................. 25 

saproceso SeTanxmeba: 

ganviTareba, perspeqtivebi ............................... 34 

axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis calkeuli aspeqtebi .......................... 40 


kodeqsis calkeuli aspeqtebi .......................... 47 

mowmis imunitetis problemebi sisxlis 

samarTlis procesSi ............................................ 62 

prokuroris uari braldebaze - funqcia 

Tu disfunqcia .................................................... 77 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxisaTvis 

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi ......................... 89 

erTiani danaSauli da kvalifikaciis 

zogierTi Tavisebureba ...................................... 97 

aracnobieri fsiqikuris gavlena 

danaSaulis motivaciaze da damnaSavis 

resocializaciaze ............................................... 100 

kriminalizacia da masTan dakavSirebuli 

procesebi, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis 

kanonSemoqmedebis damoukidebeli 

mimarTulebani ....................................................... 112 

dazaralebulis dakiTxvis Taviseburebebi 

biznesis sferoSi Cadenili TaRliTobis 

saqmeze ..................................................................... 123 

ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis 

cnobis politikur-samarTlebrivi 

aspeqtebi ................................................................. 132 

eqstradiciis saerTaSoriso 

samarTlebrivi da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi 

normatiuli wyaroebis ierarqiis 

aqtualuri sakiTxebi .......................................... 138 

suverenitetis cneba da misi gagebis 

Tanamedrove tendenciebi .................................. 151 

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo 

organizaciebi ....................................................... 164 

samewarmeo kanonmdeblobis reforma 

saqarTveloSi (mokle mimoxilva) .................... 170 

7

asmaT gugava 

Tamar zarandia, 

Tea juReli 

sofio gvaramia 

lali gabisonia 

xelovnuri ganayofierebis gziT dabadebul 

bavSvTa samarTlebrivi statusi ...................... 175 

sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba 

da gausxviseblobis piroba qarTuli da 

franguli samarTlis mixedviT ........................ 182 

sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis subieqtebis 

statusis koncefciis sakiTxi saqarTvelos 

kanonmdeblobaSi .................................................. 198 

qarTuli samarTlis istoriis 

mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi ..................................... 205 

jano wulukiZe Cuqebis Zveli qarTuli terminologia .......... 217 

laSa gelantia 

qarTlos 

fridonaSvili 

Teimuraz 

beJoSvili 

badri 

kvaracxelia 

saqarTvelos konstituciur sivrceSi 

afxazeTis gansakuTrebuli statusis 

Sesaxeb ...................................................................... 228 

saxalxo damcvelis uflebamosilebani 

saqarTvelosa da sazRvargareTis 

qveynebSi .................................................................. 235 

pativisa da Rirsebis dacva da pirad 

cxovrebaSi Caurevloba ...................................... 250 

samegrelos (odiSis) samTavroSi moqmedi 

kanonebi ................................................................... 258 

avtorebi ..................................................................................... 263 

avtorebi 

(inglisur enaze) ..................................................................................... 265 

8

C O N T E N T S 

Otar Gamkrelidze The Problem of Unlawfulness in Criminal Law ..................... 11 

Guram Nachkebia The Problem of Eventual Intent in Criminal Law .................. 25 

Nikoloz (Nugzar) 

Gabrichidze Procedural Agreement: Development, Perspectives ……...... 34 

Shota Phaphiashvili The Concept Oof Investigatory Experiment and Its 

Procedural Nature in Accordance With the New Procedual 

Legislation .............................................................................. 40 

Mikheil Mamniashvili Separate Aspects of Law of New Code of Practice ................ 47 

Tea Sakulashvili Witness Immunity Problems in Criminal Law Process .......... 62 

Paata Kobaladze The Prosecutor is Refusal to Pursue a Charge 

– a Function or Dysfunction ................................................. 77 

Edisher Phutkaradze For the Issues of Illegal Action in the 

German Criminal Law ............................................................ 89 

Petre Dautashvili Common Crime and Some Peculiarities of Qualification ...... 97 

Alexander Giorgidze The Influence of The Unconscious Psyche on the Motive 

for Crime and Tthe Resocialization of the Criminal .............. 100 

Irma Gabelia Criminalization and its adjacent Processes as Independent 

Directions of Criminal Lawmaking ........................................ 112 

Gimzer Alania Particularities of Victim’s Interrogation in the Case of 

Swindling in Business Sphere ................................................ 123 

Jemal Gakhokidze The Political - Legal Aspects of Abkhazia and South 

Ossetia’s Recognition by Russia ............................................ 132 

Vepkhvia Gvaramia Significant Issues of Hierarchy of Normative Sources of 

International Law and National Law on Extradition .............. 138 

Ketevan Jincharadze The Concept of Sovereignty and Its Understanding of 

Contemporary Trend ............................................................... 151 

David Geperidze, 

Avtandil Khazalia 

About the Contemporary International Non-Governmental 

Organizations .......................................................................... 164 

Ketevan Kokrashvili Law on Entrepreneurs Reforms in Georgia ............................ 170 

Asmat Gugava The Legal Status of Children Born Through Artificial 

Insemination ........................................................................... 175 

Tamar Zarandia, 

Tea Jugheli 

Sophio Gvaramia 

Abuse of Property Rights and Terms of Non-Alienation 

According to Georgian and French Laws ............................... 182 

The Issue of Publication Agrecement Subjects Status 

Conception in Gergian Legistation ......................................... 198 

Lali Gabisonia Significant Aspects of History of the Georgian Right ............ 205 

Jano Tsulukidze Ancient Georgian Terminology of Donation .......................... 217 

Lasha Gelantia The Particular Status of Abkhazia Within Georgian 

Constitutional Sphere ............................................................. 228 

Kartlos Pridonashvili The Public Defender in Georgia and Abroad ......................... 235 

9

Teimuraz Bezhoshvili The Protection of Honor and Dignity and Non-Interference 

in Private Life ......................................................................... 250 

Badri Kvaratskhelia Laws of Samegrelo (Odishi) Princedom of Georgia .............. 258 

Authors (In Georgian) ......................................................................................... 263 

Authors .............................................................................................. 265 

10


oTar gamyreliZe 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis cneba da 

sisxlis samarTlis kanoni 

1. 

danaSaulis cnebis erTerTi aucilebeli niSania marTlwinaaRmdegoba. 

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis VII muxlis 

Tanaxmad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvels 

am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli `marTlsawinaaRmdego~ da 

braleuli qmedeba warmoadgens. marTlwinaaRmdegobis problemis 

mecnieruli Seswavla da damuSaveba XIX saukuneSi daiwyo. es 

is dro iyo, roca danaSaulis cnebis samniSnovani aRnagoba jer 

kidev ar iyo SemuSavebuli. am droisTvis gabatonebuli Tvalsazrisis 

mixedviT, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni adgens adamianis 

qcevis wess, romelsac damnaSave arRvevs. 

germaneli iuristi k. bindingi pirveli iyo, vinc am debulebis 

winaaRmdeg gailaSqra. k. bindingma sakiTxi ase daayena: ra damokidebuleba 

arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis kanonsa da im normas Soris, 

romelsac damnaSave arRvevs am kiTxvaze man aseTi pasuxi gasca: 

norma, romelsac damnaSave arRvevs, sisxlis samarTlis kanons 

gareTaa. maSasadame, damnaSave, vTqvaT, mkvleli. qurdi da sxv. sisxlis 

samarTlis kanons ver daarRvevs, radgan sisxlis samarTlis 

kanoni ar awesebs normebs àra kac kla~, àr iparo~ da sxv. sisxlis 

samarTlis kanoni awesebs mxolod sasjels imisTvis, vinc daar- 

Rvevs normas àra kac kla~ da Caidens mkvlelobas, daarRvevs normas 

àr iparo~ da Caidens qurdobas da a. S. es normebi, rogorc 

vTqviT, sisxlis samarTlis kanons gareTaa. 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis cnebis aseTi gageba SemdegSi safuZvlad 

daedo danaSaulis samniSnovani cnebis aRnagobas, romelic 

Semdeg germaniaSi list-belingis sistemaSi Camoyalibda. akrZalva, 

romelsac damnaSave arRvevs, sisxlis samarTlis kanons gare- 

Taa. Tu am akrZalvas sisxlis samarTlis wesiT daicavs kanonmdebeli 

da mis darRvevas sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad gamoacxadebs, 

amiT is Seqmnis qmedebis Semadgenlobas, da Tu amas bralsac mivumatebT, 

miviRebT danaSaulis samniSnovan cnebas: 

1. qmedebis Semadgenloba, 

2. marTlwinaaRmdegoba, 

3. brali. 

samniSnovani cneba Camoyalibda 1906 w. germaniaSi, roca e. belingis 

cnobili wigni “Die Lehre vom Verbrechen” (danaSaulis moZRvreba) 

gamoica. 1 

1 

Die Lehre vom Verbrechen. Von Dr. Ernst Beling, Professor in Tübingen. Tübingen, 

11

12 

iuridiuli fakulteti — 30 

dRes aseTi aRnagoba danaSaulis cnebisa miRebulia ara marto 

saqarTveloSi, aramed yvela qveyanaSi, romelic romanul-germanul 

samarTlebriv sistemas aRiarebs. 

danaSaulis cnebis samniSnovani aRnagoba sabWoTa sisxlis 

samarTalSi pirvelad 1958w. 25 dekembris kanoniT (sabWoTa kav- 

Sirisa da mokavSire respublikebis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis 

safuZvlebi) Semovida. `safuZvlebis~ VII muxlis Tanaxmad, 

`danaSaulad CaiTvleba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli 

sazogadoebrivad saSiSi qmedoba (moqmedeba an 

umoqmedoba)~. brali ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis saxiT 

mocemuli iyo am kanonis VIII da IX muxlebiT. rogorc vxedavT, aq 

termini `marTlwinaaRmdegoba~ Secvlilia terminiT `sazogadoebrivi 

saSiSroeba~. am terminis aseTi saxecvlileba maSin 

ideologiur safuZvelze moxda. sabWoTa mecnierul literaturaSi 

miCneuli iyo, rom sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba qmedebis 

obieqtur Tvisebas gamoxatavda, xolo marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

`burJuaziuli mosamarTlis~ TviTneburi, subieqturi Sefasebis 

nayofs warmoadgenda. àmrigad, marTlwinaaRmdegoba aRniSnavs 

aq ara obieqtur sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas TviTon dana- 

Saulisa, romelic kanoniTaa aRiarebuli, — wers a. piantkovski, 

— aramed mxolod qmedebis subieqtur Sefasebas sasamarTlos 

mier, gansakuTrebuli saxis ~SefasebiT~ msjelobas da amitomac 

TiTqos arcTu mTlad realuri sinamdvilis samyarosadmi kuTvnils~. 

1 

swored mecnieruli sakiTxisadmi aseTi politikuri midgomis 

Sedegi iyo, rom mokavSire respublikebis kodeqsebSi termin 

`marTlwinaaRmdegobis~ nacvlad Semotanili da damkvidrebuli 

iyo `sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba~. es termini aseTive savaldebulo 

wesiT aisaxa agreTve saqarTvelos 1960w. sisxlis 

samarTlis kodeqsSic (ix. VIII mux.). amJamad, terminma `marTlwinaaRmdegoba~ 

daibruna Tavisi WeSmariti Sinaarsi da is oficialurad 

damkvidrda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos 1999w. 22 ivlisis 

kodeqsSi (ix. VII mux.). 

miuxedavad amisa, marTlwinaaRmdegobis cneba arc qarTul 

da arc rusul literaturaSi mecnierulad sakmao siRrmiT mainc 

1906; k. bindingisa da e.belingis Teoriebis mimoxilva ixileT T. wereTlis 

monografiaSi `sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba da marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

sisxlis samarTalSi~ (Tb., 2006). k. bindingis Teoria Tavis 

droze aRiara cnobilma rusma iuristma n. tagancevma, ix.: Н. С. Таганцев. 

Русское уголовное право. Часть общая. Т. I. СПб. 1902, gv. 34-35. 

1 А. А. Пионтковский. Преступление, — wgn.: Курс советского уголовного права. 

В 6-ти томах. Часть общая. Т. 2. Под редакцией А. А. Пионтковского, П. С. Ромашкина, 

В. М. Чхиквадзе. М., 1970, gv. 140.


ar aris Seswavlili. upirveles yovlisa, gasarkvevia, ramdenad 

sworad aris Sefasebuli germaneli mecnieris k. bindingis Teoria, 

kerZod, misi damokidebuleba sisxlis samarTlis kanonsa da samar- 

Tlis im normas Soris, romelsac damnaSave arRvevs. kerZod, sisxlis 

samarTlis kanoni awesebs Tu ara raime iseT akrZalvas, romelsac 

damnaSave arRvevs. sagulisxmoa am mxriv prof. T. wereTlis 

mosazreba, romelic k. bindingis Teorias kritikulad afasebs. 

am Teoriis erT-erT naklad T. wereTls miaCnia k. bindingis 

is mosazreba, `TiTqos amkrZalavi norma yovelTvis samarTlis 

sxva dargSi arsebobs da arasodes ar aris mocemuli uSualod sisxlis 

samarTlis kanonSi, sad, romeli sxva dargis normiT aris akrZaluli, 

magaliTad, mamaTmavloba an garyvnili moqmedeba da 

a.S.~, — svams kiTxvas sabolood T. wereTeli. 1 amitom k. bindingi 

ìZulebulia aRiaros pozitiuri samarTlis gareSe arsebuli anu 

kanongareSe samarTlis normatiuli Zala sisxlis samarTlis sferosaTvis~, 

2 rac T. wereTlis azriT, `sisxlis samarTlisaTvis did 

safrTxes warmoadgens, radgan im sakiTxis gadasaWrelad, aris Tu 

ara qmedoba marTlsawinaaRmdego, bindingma , dasaSvebad scno kanongareSe 

kriteriumebis gamoyeneba~. 3 T. wereTlis azriT, normebi, 

romlebic ar arseboben pozitiur samarTalSi, samarTlis normebad 

ver CaiTvlebian, radgan àr arsebobs samarTali pozitiuri 

samarTlis gareSe~. 4 

ramdenad misaRebia samarTlis arsis aseTi gageba dRevandeli 

qarTuli azrovnebisaTvis es xom samarTlis pozitivizmis 

aRiarebaa rogorc cnobilia, samarTlis pozitivizmis mimarTuleba 

pozitiuri, ese igi sakanonmdeblo samarTlis iqiT samar- 

Tals ver xedavs da izRudeba kanoniT. sagulisxmoa, rom es sakiTxi 

qarTul samarTlebriv mecnierebaSi jer kidev XX saukunis 

ocian wlebSi damuSavda. `marTlac, amoiwureba Tu ara saerTod 

mTeli sfero uflebrivi cxovrebisa, — wers g. naneiSvili, — mTeli 

sfero realur uflebriv urTierTobaTa im uflebrivi cxovrebiT, 

romelic pozitiuri samarTlis ganxorcielebas warmoadgens 

Cven gvgonia, rom ara, vinaidan uflebrivi cxovrebis sfero 

saerTod gacilebiT farToa, vidre is sfero, romelsac pozitiuri 

samarTali Seicavs~. 5 

1 

T. wereTeli. sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba da marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

sisxlis samarTalSi. Tb., 2006, gv. 102. 

2 T. wereTeli. sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba da marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

sisxlis samarTalSi, gv. 102. 


sisxlis samarTalSi, gv. 102-103. 


sisxlis samarTalSi, gv. 103. 

5 

g. naneiSvili. samarTlis filosofiis sakiTxebi. Tb., 1992, gv. 107. 

13

14 


g. naneiSvils am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi aqvs normatiuli 

faqtebi, e. i. is cxovrebiseuli SemTxvevebi, roca faqts TavisTavad, 

saxelmwifoebrivi akrZalvis gareSe aqvs savaldebulo Zala. 

am Zalas ama Tu im faqts sazogadoebrivi cxovreba aniWebs da ara 

saxelmwifo. magaliTad, saqarTvelos 1928 wlis sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kodeqsis 173-e muxliT danaSaulad iyo gamocxadebuli 

`sisxlis aRreva~, ese igi sqesobrivi kavSiri axlo naTesavTa (da- 

Zma da sxv.) Soris. es qmedeba 1960w. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 

aRar SeutaniaT. miuxedavad amisa, is dResac uaryofiTad fasdeba. 

arsebobs dauwereli norma, romelic am qmedebas uaryofiTad 

afasebs, krZalavs mas. amitom, roca adamiani am qmedebas sCadis, 

icis, rom arRvevs normas, sCadis akrZalul qmedebas. maSasadame, 

aseT dros adamians Secnobili aqvs, rom is moqmedebs marTlsawinnaaRmdegod, 

rac danaSaulis erT-erTi niSania, rasakvirvelia, 

Tu es qmedeba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT danaSaulad aris 

gamocxadebuli. ase rom, k. bindingis Teoriis naklad ar SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos is, rom samarTlis cnebas ra moculobiT gavigebT, gavigebT 

samarTals rogorc pozitiurs, Tu ufro farTod, rogorc 

dauwerel samarTals. ufro zustad, samarTali farTod 

unda gavigoT. sazogadoebaSi bevri dauwereli norma moqmedebs, 

magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom is samarTlis norma ara aris. erTi 

sityviT, k. bindingis Teoriis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul am debulebas 

ver gaviziarebT. 

garda amisa, T. wereTels k. bindingis Teoriis naklad miaCnia 

ìs debulebac, TiTqos damnaSave ar arRvevs sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanons imis gamo, rom igi am kanonis dispoziciis Sesabamisad 

moqmedebs~. `rodesac sisxlis samarTlis kanoni raime moqmedebas 

dasjadad acxadebs, — ganagrZobs T. wereTeli, — igi 

amiT krZalavs am moqmedebas. sisxlis samarTlis kanonis ZiriTadi 

daniSnuleba swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi qmnis amkrZalav 

normas, igi ukrZalavs yvela moqalaqes gansazRvruli moqmedebis 

Sesrulebas~. 1 

amave mosazrebas gamoTqvamda T. SavguliZec: `sabWoTa saxelmwifo 

sasjelis muqariT krZalavs sazogadoebrivad saSiS 

moqmedebaTa mxolod garkveul jgufs... roca kanonmdebeli ama 

Tu im sazogadoebrivad saSiS qmedobas danaSaulad aRiarebs, es 

qmedoba iRebs danaSaulis formas, e. i. xdeba am qmedobis akrZalva 

sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT~. 2 

sisxlis samarTlis kanonis daniSnulebis aseT gagebas vera 



2 T. SavguliZe, l. surgulaZe. sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis gamomricxveli 

garemoebani sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi. Tb., 1988, 

gv. 7.


da ver daveTanxmebiT. ar SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, TiTqos sisxlis 

samarTlis kanoni ùkrZalavs yvela moqalaqes gansazRvruli moqmedebis 

Sesrulebas~. es ar aris sisxlis samarTlis kanonis daniSnuleba. 

SeuZlebelia daveTanxmoT debulebas, TiTqos damnaSave 

arRvevs àkrZalvas, rac sisxlis samarTlis kanonSia mocemuli~. 1 

am debulebis sawinaaRmdegod uamravi magaliTis motana SeiZleba. 

cota zemoT Cven vTqviT, rom saqarTvelos 1928w. sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kodeqsis 173-e muxliT isjeboda `sisxlis aRreva~. arc 1960 

wlis da arc dRes moqmedi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT 

es qmedeba pasuxismgeblobas aRar iwvevs. gamodis, rom `sisxlis 

aRreva~ dRes nebadarTuli moqmedebaa. 1960w. kodeqsiT pasuxismgebloba 

iyo dawesebuli Seuracxyofisa da ciliswamebisaTvis. 

dRes moqmedi kodeqsidan es muxlebi amoRebulia. SegviZlia 

vamtkicoT, rom dRes Seuracxyofa da ciliswameba akrZaluli 

aRar aris 

am debulebis sisworis naTelsayofad mkiTxvelis yuradRebas 

blanketur muxlebs mivapyrob. saqarTvelos sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kodeqsis 276-e muxliT pasuxismgeblobaa dawesebuli 

transportis moZraobis usafrTxoebis an eqspluataciis wesis 

darRvevisaTvis. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad isjeba `1. 

avtomobilis, tramvais, troleibusis, traqtoris an sxva meqanikuri 

transportis moZraobis usafrTxoebis an eqspluataciis 

wesis darRveva imis mier, vinc am satransporto saSualebas mar- 

Tavs, ramac gamoiwvia janmrTelobis naklebad mZime dazianeba~. 

aq laparakia qmedebis Semadgenlobaze, magram ar aris mocemuli 

moZraobis wesi. es wesi mocemulia samarTlis sxva dargSi da ara 

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi. maSasadame, qmedebis akrZalva sisxlis 

samarTlis kanons gareTaa. moqalaqis, am SemTxvevaSi mZRolis 

qcevis wesi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gareTaa. 276-e muxliT 

mocemulia mxolod dispozicia, e. i. Semadgenloba da sasjeli. 

maSasadame, sisxlis samarTali ki ar krZalavs raime qmedebas, 

aramed — danaSaulad acxadebs qmedebas da sasjels awesebs 

misi CadenisaTvis. 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis problemaze qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi 

cotaa dawerili. am sakiTxs SedarebiT mokled warmogvidgens 

profesori g. naWyebiac Tavis erT-erT monografiul 

gamokvlevaSi. avtori gakvriT aq k. bindingis Teoriasac exeba 

da uaryofiTad afasebs mas. àrsebobs Tu ara sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi marTlwinaaRmdegoba am kiTxvaze germaneli kolegebi, 

— wers g. naWyebia, — rogorc wesi, uaryofiTad pasuxoben. isini, 

rogorc Cans, iziareben karl bindingis e. w. `normaTa Teo- 

1 

T. wereTeli. sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba da marTlwinaaRmdegoba 


15

16 


riis~ ìm ideas, rom danaSaulebrivi qmedeba akrZalulia sisxlis 

samarTlis kanonamde... am ideis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanoni arafers ar krZalavs. es ukanaskneli aRwers qmedebis 

Semadgenlobas da awesebs sasjels danaSaulis CadenisaTvis~. 

1 amis Semdeg k. naWyebia iwyebs k. bindingis Teoriis kritikas. 

magram misi msjeloba metad bundovania da moklebulia 

praqtikul daniSnulebas. magaliTad, g. naWyebias k. bindingis 

normaTa Teoria saeWvod miuCnevia imis gamo, rom `termini `mar- 

TlwinaaRmdegoba~ samarTlis zogadi Teoriis kuTvnilebaa da 

niSnavs qmedebis uaryofiT samarTlebriv Sefasebas: `marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

samarTlis zogadi Teoriis kategoriaa, radgan is 

aris qmedebis Semadgenlobisa da bralis kavSiris forma. mar- 

Tlac, qmedebis Semadgenlobisagan mowyvetiT brali SeuZlebelia, 

magram brali qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis gareSe ar arsebobs~. 

2 

Znelia am sityvebidan mkiTxvelma raime azri gamoitanos 

da gaerkves, ra kavSiri aqvs am msjelobas k. bindingis normaTa 

TeoriasTan. ufro mogvianebiT g. naWyebiam gamoTqva aseTi mosazreba: 

`meores mxriv, arsebobs sakuTriv sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

marTlwinaaRmdegobac, radgan, danaSaulebrivi qmedeba ar- 

Rvevs am qmedebis sisxlissamarTlebriv arZalvas (aqtiuri dana- 

Saulebrivi qmedebis winaaRmdeg) an sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT 

dadgenili aqtiuri moqmdebis valdebulebas (danaSaulis umoqmedobis 

gziT Cadenis SesaZleblobis winaaRmdeg)~. 3 

rogorc aqedan Cans, yofila Turme `sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

akrZalvac~, romelsac damnaSave arRvevs. magram avtori arc am 

SemTxvevaSi asabuTebs, ras niSnavs es `sisxlissamarTlebrivi akrZalva~, 

rogor unda gavigoT is. am debulebis dasabuTebisaTvis 

is eyrdnoba prof. T. wereTels, romelic wers: `sazogadoebrivi 

urTierToba ~SeiZleba daculi iyos sxva dargis samarTlebrivi 

normebiTac. magaliTad, sakuTrebis uflebas icavs samoqalaqo 

samarTalic. magram am SemTxvevaSic sisxlissamarTlebrivi mar- 

TlwinaaRmdegoba Tavis Sinaars sulac ar iRebs samarTlis am 

sxva dargebis normebisagan~. `sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi iqmneba 

umarTlobis axali tipi, — ganagrZobs g. naWyebia T. wereTlis 

sityvebiT msjelobas, — da es axali tipis umarTloba iqmneba 

imiT, rom igi aRwerilia sisxlis samarTlis kanonSi rogorc da- 

1 g. naWyebia. sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis meTodologiuri anbani. 

Tb., 2006, gv. 183. 

2 g. naWyebia. sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis meTodologiuri anbani, 

gv. 184. 

3 g. naWyebia. qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zogadi Teoria. Tb., 

2010, gv.176.


naSaulis Semadgenloba~. 1 

samwuxarod, verc am sityvebidan ver vigebT, ras niSnavs 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlwinaaRmdegoba, qmedebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

akrZalva. umarTloba, rogorc viciT, danaSaulis 

or niSans — qmedebis Semadgenlobasa da marTlwinaaRmdegobas 

moicavs. magram is sakiTxi, Tu ras niSnavs marTlwinaaRmdegoba, 

amas calke msjeloba unda, is calke kvlevas moiTxovs. 

zemoT Cven vnaxeT, rom T. wereTeli da zogierTi sxva avtori 

germaneli mecnieris k. bindingis Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod 

amtkicebdnen, TiTqos, damnaSave àrRvevs sisxlis samarTlis 

kanons~. magram es sityvebi im wlebSi iwereboda, roca 

misi avtorebi sabWouri ideologiuri wnexis qveS imyofebodnen. 

gasaocaria, roca saqarTveloSi dResac gvxvdebian adamianebi, 

romlebic am mosazrebas kbilebiT icaven. 

mxedvelobaSi myavs al. kvaSilava, romelic wers: `sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

pasuxismgeblobis safuZvelia danaSauli, e. i. mar- 

TlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba (moqmedeba an umoqmedoba), 

romelic mis Cadenamde akrZaluli iyo moqmedi sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi normiT... danaSaulis Cadena SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin 

da iq, rodesac da sadac igi akrZalulia moqmedi sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi normiT...~ da sxv. 2 

zemoT Cven visaubreT im sakiTxze, rom sisxlis samarTlis kanoni 

ar krZalavda, magaliTad, ciliswamebasa da Seuracxyofas. winaaRmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi, dRes, roca es qmedebebi sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsidan amoRebulia da maTi Cadena sisxlis samarTlis wesiT 

aRar isjeba, isini akrZaluli aRar iqnebodnen. aseve iTqmis `sisxlis 

aRrevazec~, romelic isjeboda saqarTvelos 1928w. sisxlis 

samarTlis kodeqsiT. zemoT CamoTvlil qmedebebs kodeqsidan amo- 

Rebis Semdeg erTi ram daakldaT: isini aRar iTvlebian danaSaulad 

da aRar iwveven sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas. sxva mxriv, 

ciliswameba, magaliTad, iseTive sazianoa sazogadoebisaTvis, rogorc 

manamde iyo. dResac isevea akrZaluli ciliswameba dauwereli 

normiT, rogorc manamde iyo, roca is sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad 

iTvleboda. 

qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi am sakiTxze sworad msjelobs 

Tamaz donjaSvili: `marTlwinaaRmdegoba, rogorc danaSaulis 

cnebis konstituciuri elementi, niSnavs qmedebis winaaRmdegobas 

ara marto pozitiuri samarTlis (kanonis) normebisadmi, 

aramed agreTve zneobisa da `kulturis normebisadmi~, anu civi- 

1 

g. naWyebia. qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zogadi Teoria, 

gv.177. 

2 al. kvaSilava. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis zogadi 

nawili. komentarebi. Tb., 2009, gv. 36. 

17


lizebul saxelmwifoTa samarTlebrivi Sexedulebebisadmi~. 1 cota 

qvemoT avtori kidev ufro azustebs am mosazrebas. qmedebis 

Semadgenlobis dadgenis Semdeg `mosamarTlem unda gadawyvitos 

sakiTxi, aris Tu ara danaSaulis Semadgenlobis Sesabamisi qmedeba 

amave dros marTlsawinaaRmdego... es msjeloba emyareba sisxlis 

samarTlis kanonis gareSe mdebare normas~. 2 

ra udevs safuZvlad sakiTxis aseT gadawyvetas ratom vambobT, 

rom norma, romelsac damnaSave arRvevs, sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanons gareTaa erTi SexedviT es Zneli warmosadgenia. 

rogor SeiZleba, rom sisxlis samarTlis kanoni arafers krZalavdes! 

am sakiTxis dasabuTeba unda daviwyoT bralis sakiTxiT. 

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis Tanaxmad 

`qmedeba pirdapiri ganzraxviTaa Cadenili, Tu pirs gacnobierebuli 

hqonda Tavisi qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba, iTvaliswinebda 

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis SesaZleblobas da 

surda es Sedegi, anda iTvaliswinebda aseTi Sedegis ganxorcielebis 

gardauvalobas~ (II naw.). 

upirveles yovlisa, es muxli bralis fsiqologiuri Teoriis 

gamomxatvelia. sxvagvarad arc SeiZleba gavigoT, radgan 

ganzraxva fsiqologiuri cnebaa da araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs 

marTlwinaaRmdegobasa da marTlzomierebasTan. magram am Sem- 

TxvevaSi Cven sul sxva ram gvainteresebs. bralis aucilebel ni- 

Sans, miuxedavad imisa, Cven bralis fsiqologiur Teorias gaviziarebT 

Tu normatiuls, Cadenili qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

Secnoba warmoadgens. rogorc cnobilia, bralis normatiuli 

Teoriis mixedviT brali aris damnaSavis gakicxva Cadenili 

qmedebis gamo. amitom, ver gakicxav adamians, Tu mas ganzraxi 

moqmedebis dros Tavisi qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba Secnobili 

ar hqonda. 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Secnoba ki imas niSnavs, rom damnaSave 

arRvevs samarTlebriv akrZalvas da, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT 

ganzrax danaSauls, man es icis. magram sad aris es akrZalva rogorc 

zemoT vnaxeT, k. bindingis Teoriis mowinaaRmdegeTa azriT, 

es akrZalva sisxlis samarTlis kanonSia. Tu es marTlac asea, maSin 

dgeba meore sakiTxi, rogor unda davumtkicoT kacs, rom mas wakiTxuli 

hqonda sisxlis samarTlis kanoni, roca qmedebas sCadio- 

1 T. donjaSvili. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTali. zogadi nawili. Tb., 

2002, gv. 141. 

2 T. donjaSvili. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTali. zogadi nawili, gv. 

141; e. futkaraZe. marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxisaTvis, — kreb.: 

`sisxlis samarTlis Tanamedrove problemebi~ (TinaTin wereTlis 

saxelmwifosa da samarTlis instituti). Tb., 2006; ix. agreTve: m. 

turava. sisxlis samarTali. zogadi nawilis mimoxilva. Tb., 2008, gv. 

193. 

18


da saqarTvelos konstituciis 68-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `kanoni Zala- 

Si Sedis misi oficialur organoSi gamoqveynebidan me-15 dRes, Tu 

sxva vada ar aris dadgenili~ (VI naw.). am muxlis safuZvelze saqar- 

Tvelos 1999w. 22 ivlisis kodeqsi ZalaSi Sevida 2000w. 1 ivnisidan. 

ra daskvna unda gamoitanos aqedan sasamarTlom Tuki akrZalva 

sisxlis samarTlis kanonSia, maSin rogor daasabuTos sasamarTlom 

brali im SemTxvevaSi, roca gansasjeli kategoriulad amtkicebs 

procesze, rom kanoni ar waukiTxavs rasakvirvelia, amas 

gansasjeli ver ityvis ganzraxi mkvlelobis, qurdobis da sxva iseT 

danaSaulTa Cadenis dros, romlebic sayovelTaod cnobilia. magram 

kodeqsSi uamravi iseTi qmedebaa Setanili, romelTa danaSaulad 

gamocxadeba bevrma ar icis. magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisxlis 

samarTlis kodeqsis 375-e muxliT pasuxismgeblobaa dawesebuli 

danaSaulis dafarvisaTvis. bevrma SeiZleba arc icis, rom es qmedeba 

danaSauladaa gamocxadebuli da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSia 

Setanili. aseT SemTxvevaSi rogor gaigos damnaSavis damfaravma, 

rom daarRvia akrZalva, romelic sisxlis samarTlis kanoniTaa 

dadgenili Tu im mosazrebas gavyvebiT, TiTqos akrZalva sisxlis 

samarTlis kanonSia, maSin danaSaulis damfaravs unda davumtkicoT, 

rom 375-e muxli wakiTxuli hqonda, roca es qmedeba Caidina. 

aq meore sakiTxic wamoiWreba. Tu sisxlis samarTlis kanoni 

ar ukrZalavs moqalaqes raime qmedebis Cadenas, maSin ratom 

aris dadgenili konstituciiT kanonis gamoqveynebis vada, is 

dro, romlis Semdeg kanoni iwyebs moqmedebas sisxlis samar- 

TalSi am gamoqveynebas is mniSvneloba aqvs, rom sazogadoebis 

yvela wevrma unda icodes kanonis amoqmedebis dro, raTa mis- 

Tvis moulodneli ar iyos sasjelis dakisreba, rac mZime tvir- 

Tad awveba pirovnebas, mis ojaxs. magram kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlis 

drois daweseba sulac ar aris dakavSireuli qmedebis akrZalvasTan. 

ai, ratom aris qmedebis Cadenis akrZalva sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanons gareT. kanonis gamoqveynebiT da misi ZalaSi Sesvlis 

wesis dadgeniT, kanonmdebeli SesaZleblobas aZlevs yvela 

adamians, gaecnos am kanons da imoqmedos mis Sesabamisad. Tu 

is amas ar gaakeTebs, rogorc ityvian, Tavis Tavs daabralos. saxelmwifom 

moqalaqis winaSe Tavisi vali moixada da acnoba mas, 

rom aseTi qmedebis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi igi pasuxs agebs. magram 

norma, romelic daculia sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT, am kanons 

gareTaa, is sazogadoebis yvela wevrisaTvis ufro nacnobi da 

kargad garkveuli unda iyos, vidre sisxlis samarTlis kanoni. 

ase rom, sisxlis samarTlis kanons yovelTvis win uZRvis dawerili 

an dauwereli norma, romelsac damnaSave arRvevs da amiT 

sCadis is sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT aRweril qmedebas. amitom 

vambobT Cven, rom damnaSave arRvevs normas da asrulebs qmedebis 

Semadgenlobas, romelic sisxlis samarTlis kanoniTaa aRwerili. 

19


mkvleli, qurdi, mZarcveli, yaCaRi, TaRliTi arasdros ar ar- 

Rvevs sisxlis samarTlis kanons. isini moqmedeben kanonis Sesabamisad. 

108-e muxlSi naTqvamia: `ganzrax mkvleloba — isjeba Tavisuflebis 

aRkveTiT Svididan TxuTmet wlamde~. damnaSave asrulebs 

am kanonis dispozicias, sCadis ganzrax mkvlelobas. magram 

arRvevs normas _ ara kac kla. saqarTvelos konstituciis XV muxlSi 

naTqvamia, `sicocxle adamianis xelSeuvali uflebaa da mas 

icavs kanoni~. 

magaliTad, aviRoT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 168-e muxli 

— Sromis Tavisuflebis darRveva. norma aris `Sroma Tavisufalia~, 

romelic dadgenilia saqarTvelos konstituciis 30-e 

muxliT. sisxlis samarTli kodeqsis 168-e muxliT pasuxismgeblobas 

iwvevs `nebismieri saxis kanonier SromiT saqmianobaSi xelis 

SeSla ZaladobiT an Zaladobis muqariT~. am SemTxvevaSi 

normis darRveva ZaladobaSia. aravis ar aqvs ufleba Zala gamoiyenos 

sxvis mimarT. 

2. 

axla dgeba aseTi sakiTxi: nuTu sisxlis samarTlis kanoni 

akrZalvas saerTod ar awesebs, aravisaTvis qcevis wess ar warmoadgens 

am kiTxvas ase unda vupasuxoT: sisxlis samarTlis kanoni 

qcevis wess, normas warmoadgens imisaTvis, visac misi gamoyeneba 

evaleba Tavis saqmianobaSi. es aris, upirveles yovlisa, 

mosamarTle. am debulebas pirdapir amtkicebs ukanaskneli wlebis 

Cveni sasamarTlo praqtika. magram, vidre am praqtikaze raimes 

vityodeT, unda iTqvas is, rom istoriulad yoveli qveynis 

da yoveli drois sasamarTlo praqtikaSi Cven vxvdebiT mosamar- 

Tlis mxridan sisxlis samarTlis kanonis darRvevas. marTalia, 

es darRveva ar aris danaSaulebrivi, magram faqtia, rom mosamarTle 

arRvevs sisxlis samarTlis kanons. amis nimuSia sasamar- 

Tlo ganaCenis gasaCivrebis safexurebrivi sistema (apelacia, 

kasacia), romlis drosac xSirad vlindeba mosamarTlis mxridan 

kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevebi. 1 

1 

n. tagancevi wers: àmave dros, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni adgens mosamarTlis 

dasjiTi xelisuflebis farglebs calkeuli danaSaulebrivi 

qmedebis mimarT da gansakuTrebiT sazRvravs im Seviwroebisa da 

dasjis maqsimums, romelic SeiZleba Seexos damnaSaves Cadenili qmedebisaTvis, 

xolo amis meoxebiT kanoni qmnis arsebiT garantias yoveli 

gansasjelisaTvis: braldebuls ar daedeba sxva iseTi sasjeli, romelic 

ar aris dadgenili kanonmdeblis avtoritetuli xelisuflebis 

mier, anda sasjelis is zoma, romelic kanoniT dadgenil sazRvrebs 

aWarbebs~ (Н. С. Таганцев. Русское уголовное право. Часть общая. Т. I, gv. 144). 

aqedan is daskvna gamomdinareobs, rom, Tu mosamarTle am uflebamosilebis 

farglebSi ar imoqmdebs, igi arRvevs sisxlis samarTlis kanons. 

20


ukanasknel wlebSi ramdenime mosamarTle sisxlis samar- 

Tlis wesiTac ki dasajes. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 

336-e muxliT. q. foTis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mosamar- 

Tle b. g.-s daedo msjavri. 2005w. 29 agvistos foTis saqalaqo 

sasamarTlos ganaCeniT b. g.-s braldebis erT-erT epizods sisxlis 

samarTlis kodeqsis 67-e muxlis V nawilis darRveva warmoadgenda. 

sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad dasabuTebuli iyo es braldeba. 

am sakiTxze Cven aq aRar SevCerdebiT. CvenTvis aq sayuradReboa 

is, rom mosamarTles bralad edeboda sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanonis moTxovnis darRveva. msgavsi magaliTebis motana 

uxvad SeiZleba Cveni sasamarTlo praqtikidan. 

2007w. 4 ivlisis kanoniT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 336-e 

muxli gauqmda. magram es rodi niSnavs, rom mosamarTle sisxlis 

samarTlis wesiT aRar daisjeba. mosamarTle sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanonis ganzrax darRvevisaTvis pasuxs agebs sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsis 333-e muxliT (samsaxureobrivi uflebamosilebis 

gadameteba). magaliTad, 184-e muxli kodeqsidan amoiRes 

2007w. 23 maisis kanoniT. vinaidan es muxli amoRebuli iyo kodeqsidan, 

Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom manqanis daufleba 

droebiT gamoyenebis mizniT 178-e (Zarcva) muxliT daakvalificira. 

magram saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatam 

es qmedeba ukve gauqmebul 184-e muxlze gadaakvalificira. 

1 rogorc Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos, ise uzenaesi 

sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis moqmedebebi 

aSkarad Seicavs danaSaulis niSnebs. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 

romeli muxlic ar unda aviRoT, aSkarad davinaxavT, rom kanonmdebeli 

iq mxolod mosamarTlis qcevis wess adgens. zogjer 

es wesi konkretulia, zogjer ki mosamarTles ganusazRvravs savaldebulo 

qcevis farglebs. magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsis 56-e muxlis IV nawilis Tanaxmad ~uvado Tavisuflebis 

aRkveTa ar SeiZleba dainiSnos danaSaulis momzadebis an mcdelobisaTvis~. 

qcevis farglebis nimuSad SeiZleba movitanoT 

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis nebismieri muxlis sanqcia, romelic 

SedarebiT gansazRvruli sanqciis principzea agebuli (xu- 

Ti wlidan aT wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da a. S.). 

erTi sityviT, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni savaldebulo qcevis 

wess adgens mosamarTlisaTvis da ara moqalaqisaTvis. sisxlis samarTlis 

kanoni moqalaqisaTvis awesebs mxolod sasjels Cadenili 

samarTaldarRvevis gamo. 

maSasadame, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni mosamarTlisaTvis qcevis wess 

adgens, is ar aZlevs mosamarTles sxvagvarad qcevis SesaZleblobas. 

1 

ix. am sakiTxze ufro dawvrilebiT: o. gamyreliZe. gauqmebuli 

muxliT dasja, — Jurn.: `cxovreba da kanoni~. #2(10)2010. 

21


3. 

samarTlis bunebas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, unda vTqvaT, rom 

marTlwesrigi qcevis wess adgens adamianis saqmianobis yvela 

sferoSi. adamianis qcevis wesi arsebobs imisda miuxedavad, isjeba 

Tu ara sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT adamiani am wesis dar- 

RvevisaTvis. àra kac kla~ rom sisxlis samarTlis kanonSi iyos 

mocemuli, maSin am kanonis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi es wesic unda 

gauqmdes. aseve iTqmeba àr iparo~ SemTxvevaSic. cxovrebis ama 

Tu im sferoSi adamianis saqmianobis wesi zogjer dawerilia, 

zogjer dauwereli. 

rogorc zemoT vTqviT, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni qcevis 

wess adgens mosamarTlisaTvis. rogor unda moeqces mosamarTle 

gansasjels, es sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiTaa dadgenili. mosamarTlem 

sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT unda gaarkvios, ra ekrZaleba 

da risi ufleba aqvs, roca is konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmes 

ixilavs. magram sisxlis samarTlis kanonSi aseT akrZalvas ver 

naxavs, magaliTad, mkvleli, qurdi, TaRliTi da sxv. es pirdapir 

gamomdinareobs kanonidan. magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsis 28-e muxlSi (aucilebeli mogerieba) naTqvamia: 

`marTlsawinaaRmdegod ar moqmedebs is, vinc am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul 

qmedebas Caidens aucilebeli mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi~. 

maSasadame, aucilebeli mogeriebis dros mkvleli moqmedebs 

marTlzomierad. magram rogor davadginoT es nebarTva, ese 

igi marTlzomieri moqmedeba kanonis teqstidan saqarTvelos 

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 108-e muxlSi naTqvamia: `ganzrax 

mkvleloba~ isjeba ase da ase. es teqsti erTi da igivea miuxedavad 

imisa, Cadenilia ganzraxi mkvleloba marTlzomierad Tu mar- 

TlsawinaaRmdegod. `ganzrax mkvleloba~ rom marTlzomierad ar 

iyo Cadenili, amas sagangebo mtkiceba sWirdeba. es ki imas niSnavs, 

rom am qmedebis `marTlzomiereba~ mkvlelobis Semadgenlobis gareTaa. 

aqedan ki is daskvna gamomdinareobs, rom, Tuki mkvlelobis 

marTlzomiereba am qmedebis Semadgenlobis gareTaa, aseve unda 

iyos gareT mkvlelobis marTlwinaaRmdegobac. radgan marTlzomierebas 

sWirdeba sagangebo dadgena, aseTive dadgena sWirdeba 

marTlwinaaRmdegobasac. 

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT aRwerili klasikuri deliqtebis 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis dadgena did sirTules ar warmoadgens 

praqtikulad. amis dadgena davas iwvevs mxolod maSin, roca 

wamoiWreba marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis 

dadgenis sakiTxi. Tu dadginda, rom marTlwinaaRmdegoba ar iyo 

gamoricxuli, igulisxmeba, rom qmedeba marTlsawinaaRmdegoa. 

sabolood SeiZleba davaskvnaT: radgan qmedebis Semadgenlobis 

ganxorcieleba sakmarisi ar aris marTlwinaaRmdegobis dasadgenad, 

es imas niSnavs, rom marTlwinaaRmdegoba, ese igi danaSau- 

22


lis cnebis meore niSani sisxlis samarTlis kanons gareTaa. ma- 

Sasadame, akrZalva sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT aRwerili Semadgenlobis 

niSans ar warmoadgens. 

qmedebis akrZalvas rom sisxlis samarTlis kanoni ar adgens, 

es naTlad Cans sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 36-e muxlis teqstidanac. 

am muxlis I nawilSi vkiTxulobT: `1. is, vinc ar icis, rom qmedeba, 

romelsac sCadis, akrZalulia, ar daisjeba mxolod im Sem- 

TxvevaSi, roca Secdoma misatevebelia~. rogor gavigoT sityva 

àkrZalulia~ xom ar momdinareobs es Secdoma sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanonis arcodnidan, am kanonis Sinaarsis mcdari warmodgenidan 

rasakvirvelia, es ase ar aris. Secdoma am SemTxvevaSi momdinareobs 

im àkrZalvis~ arsebobidan, romelic sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanons gareTaa. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba ara marto sisxlis 

samarTlis gareT arsebuli pozitiuri samarTlis norma, akrZalva, 

aramed pozitiuri samarTlis gareT arsebuli dauwereli 

normac. 

dauwereli wesis darRvevis danaSaulad gamocxadebis nimu- 

Sia agreTve saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 376-e (dana- 

Saulis Seutyobinebloba) muxliT aRwerili Semadgenloba. `damnaSaveobasTan 

brZola warmatebuli ver iqneba — vkiTxulobT ~sisxlis 

samarTlis kerZo nawilSi~ — Tu moqalaqeebi ar daexmarebian 

samarTaldamcav organoebs. bevri adamiani amas Tavis moqalaqeobriv 

movaleobad da moralur valdebulebad aRiqvams~. 1 aqedan aSkaraa, 

rom es samarTlis dauwereli wesia, romelic moqalaqes 

avaldebulebs, Seatyobinos Sesabamis organoebs Cadenili danaSaulis 

ambavi. 

samwuxarod, xsenebuli teqstis avtori arasworad wers, 

TiTqos àm normis axali redaqcia sasjelis muqariT krZalavs 

imis Seutyobineblobas, rom mzaddeba an Cadenilia mZime an/da 

gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli~. rasakvirvelia, ar aris swori, 

TiTqos dasaxelebuli muxli `sasjelis muqariT krZalavs~ danaSaulis 

Seutyobineblobas, razedac Cven zemoT ukve vilaparakeT 

da aq aRar SevCerdebiT. 

zemoT naTqvamidan sabolood unda gavakeToT daskvna, rom 

yovel adamians sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi gaaCnia Tavisi qcevis 

wesi, imis mixedviT, Tu ra saqmianobas eweva is. upirveles yovlisa, 

aris iseTi qcevis wesi, romlis dacva yovel adamians moeTxoveba, 

aseTia, magaliTad, ara kac kla, ar iparo, ar Seaviwrovo 

sxva da a. S. da a. S. 

magram sazogadoebaSi aris adamianis saqmianobis iseTi 

sfero, sadac sagangebod am sferosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli wesebia 

dadgenili. aseTia, magaliTad, avto-moto Tu sxva saxis 

1 

sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili. t. II. Tb., 2007, gv. 301. 

23


transportis moZraobis wesebi. am wesebis dacva mxolod transportis 

muSaks moeTxoveba. 

aseve unda vTqvaT, saxelmwifo organoebis muSakTa mimar- 

Tac, romelTac am organoebis saqmianobisaTvis dadgenili wesebis 

dacva evalebaT. swored aq moiazreba mosamarTlis saqmianoba. 

amitom, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni adgens 

mosamarTlis da ara moqalaqis qcevis wess. moqalaqem sisxlis 

samarTlis kanoni unda icodes imdenad, ramdenadac es kanoni 

mas misTvis cnobili wesis darRvevisaTvis sasjeliT emuqreba. 

ase rom, k. bindingis Teoria ise ki ar unda gavigoT, TiTqos 

sisxlis samarTlis kanoni araviTar wess ar adgens. sisxlis 

samarTlis kanoni adgens wess, magram es wesi ar adgens akrZalvas 

qurdis an mkvlelis mimarT. sisxlis samarTlis kanoni adgens 

mosamarTlis ufleba-movaleobas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis 

ganxilvis dros. 

OTAR GAMKRELIDZE 

THE PROBLEM OF UNLAWFULNESS IN CRIMINAL LAW 

The dependence of offence from criminal law is discussed in the work. 

The author criticizes the opinion, according to which criminal law sets prohibition, 

which is violated by an offender. Author reasons that the norm breached by 

the criminal lies outside criminal law. Criminal law sets the norm only for the 

judge. Criminal law defines the rule of conduct, which can only be breached by 

the judge, because the law stipulates the rule of conduct for the judge. 

24


guram naWyebia 

eventualuri ganzraxvis problema 

sisxlis samarTalSi 

eventualuri (arapirdapiri) ganzraxvis problema bralis 

araerTi Teoriis aqilevsis quslia. am mxriv, pirvel rigSi, yuradRebas 

iqcevs bralis fsiqologiuri Teoria. 

marTlac, bralis fsiqologiuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, brali 

aris qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba, 

romelic ganzraxvis an gaufrTxileblobis formiT 

gamoixateba. am poziciidan gasagebia, rom ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba 

bralis formebia. 

ganzraxva, Tavis mxriv, ori saxisaa: pirdapiri da arapirdapiri 

anu eventualuri. pirdapiri ganzraxva, wminda fsiqologiurad, 

TiTqos, davas ar iwvevs, radgan am mimarTebiT qmedebisa 

da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba aSkaradaa 

gamokveTili. magaliTad, eWvianobis niadagze mkvlelobis 

SemTxvevaSi, subieqtis qmedebis fsiqikuri sazrisi msxverplis 

sicocxlis mospobaSi mdgomareobs. magram pirdapiri ganzraxva 

araa wminda fsiqologiuri fenomeni. marTlac, xSiria 

SemTxveva, roca subieqti moqmedebs pirdapiri ganzraxviT, magram 

ara marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegebis dadgomis surviliT, 

aramed — sul sxva motiviT. magaliTad, angarebiT mkvlelobis 

SemTxvevaSi, subieqti adamianis sicocxlis mospobis surviliT 

ki ar moqmedebs, aramed angarebis dakmayofilebisaTvis, roca 

subieqti eufleba moklulis qonebas an Tavisufldeba msxverplis 

valebisagan. mkvleloba ki, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, aris ara 

qceva fsiqologiurad, rogorc es Tavis droze iyo miRebuli 

iuridiul literaturaSi, aramed fsqologiuri qcevis (motivisa 

da miznis) ganxorcielebis xerxia. 1 

marTlac, `qceva~ aris fsiqologiis cneba, `danaSauli~ ki — 

sisxlis samarTlis cnebas warmoadgens. danaSauli qcevisagan 

anu motivisa da miznisagan mowyvetiT SeuZlebelia, magram qcevaze 

danaSaulis dayvana fsiqologizmia sisxlis samarTlis 

sferoSi. magaliTad, mkvleloba gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT 

aris am qmedebis iseTi Sefaseba, romelic wminda fsiqologiurad 

ar arsebobs. kidev ufro aSkaraa am mxriv is garemoeba, rom 

eventualuri (arapirdapiri) ganzraxva wminda fsiqologiurad 

SeuZlebelia. amis sabuTad Cven SegviZlia movitanoT is argumenti, 

rom `ganzraxva“ wminda fsiqologiurad sxva araferia, 

Tu ara `gadawyvetileba~ (e.i. ganizraxa, maS, gadawyvita kidec). 

aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia Tu ara eventualuri ganzrax- 

1 Б. В. Хорнабуджели. Психологическая сторона вины. Тб., 1981, gv. 6. 

25


va anu eventualuri, arapirdapiri, gadawyvetileba fsiqologiurad 

exeboda ra bralis fsiqologiur aspeqtebs, prof. b. xornabujeli 

(xaraziSvili) logikurad msjelobda, roca man ganzraxvis 

dayofa pirdapirad da arapirdapirad wminda fsiqologiurad 

gaumarTlelad miiCnia. misi azriT, Tu ganzraxva aris 

gadawyvetilebis sinonimi, maSin fsiqologiurad Znelia SevurigdeT 

gamoTqmas àrapirdapiri gadawyvetileba~ im SemTxveva- 

Sic ki, Tu ganzraxvas vuwodebT stabilizirebul gadawyvetilebas, 

rogorc amas akeTebs d. uznaZe. 1 

amrigad, Tu iqidan amovalT, rom ganzraxva gadawyvetilebis 

sinonimia, maSin èventualuri gadawyvetileba“ fsiqologiurad 

marTlac SeuZlebelia. aqedan logikurad gamomdinareobs 

daskvna, rom eventualuri ganzraxva fsiqologiurad ar arsebobs. 

meorenairad rom vTqvaT, eventualuri ganzraxvis analogi 

fsiqologiaSi ar arsebobs. magram maSin bralis fsiqologiuri 

Teoria am mimarTebiT seriozul gadasinjvas moiTxovs. mar- 

Tlac, saqarvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis (SemdegSi — sssk) 

IX muxlis III nawilis Tanaxmad, `qmedeba arapirdapiri ganzraxvi- 

Taa Cadenili, Tu pirs gacnobierebuli hqonda Tavisi qmedebis 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba, iTvaliswinebda maRalsawinaaRmdego Sedegis 

dadgomis SesaZleblobas da ar surda es Sedegi, magram 

Segnebulad uSvebda an gulgrilad ekideboda mis dadgomas~. 

Tu kargad CavukvirdebT eventualuri ganzraxvis am sakanonmdeblo 

formulas, davinaxavT, rom aq fsiqikurze dauyvanadi 

viTareba ikveTeba. jer erTi, subieqti Segnebulad uSvebs 

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dagomas anu ar gamoricxavs am Sedegis 

dadgomas (maSin, rodesac TviTimedovnebisas, piriqiT, 

upasuxismgeblod gamoricxavs). meorec, aq mTavari isaa, rom subieqti 

am Sedegis dadgomas ekideba gulgrilad. termini `gulgrili“ 

SefasebiTia. kanonmdebeli subieqts axasiaTebs, rogorc 

gulgrils, e.i. afasebs uaryofiTad. Tu termini `gulgrili~ gamoxatavs 

subieqtis uaryofiT Sefasebas, `gulmxurvale~, piriqiT, 

dadebiT Sefasebas gamoTqvams (radgan SesaZloa arsebobdes, 

magaliTad, `gulmxurvale mamuliSvili“). 

amrigad, termini `gulgrili~ subieqtis iseTi Sefasebaa, 

romelic fsiqologiurad ar arsebobs. amgvar SefasebiT cnebebs 

fsiqologia ar icnobs. ufro metic, sisxlis samarTlis 

moqmed kanonmdeblobaSi termini `gulgrili~ daudevrobis sinonimadac 

gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, sssk 342-e muxlis Tanaxmad, 

samsaxurebriv gulgrilobad fasdeba qmedeba, roca moxele an 

masTan gaTanabrebuli piri samsaxurebrivi movalobisadmi dau- 

1 

Б. В. Хорнабуджели. Психологическая сторона вины, gv. 30-31. 

26


devari damokidebulebis gamo arsebiTad arRvevs fizikuri da 

iuridiuli piris uflebas, sazogadoebis an saxelmwifos kanonier 

interesebs. 

gamodis, rom termini `gulgrili~ gamoxatavs ara marto 

eventualuri ganzraxvis SefasebiT mxares, aramed — daudevrobis 

arsebiT daxasiaTebasac. es, Cveni azriT, SemTxveviTi ar unda 

iyos. kerZod, ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba bralis formebia, 

magram ara bralis fsiqologiuri Teoriis logikiT, aramed 

bralis arsebiTad sxva koncefciis mixedviT. marTlac, Tu brali 

sxva araferia, Tu ara qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis 

fsiqikuri damokidebuleba, maSin subieqtis Sefaseba, rogorc 

`gulgrili~, `qarafSuta~, `daudevari“, `sastiki~ da ase 

Semdeg SeuZlebelia. cxadia, ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba 

qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis fsiqikuri damokidebulebisagan 

mowyvetiT SeuZlebelia, magram am fsiqikur damokidebulebaze 

maTi dayvana dauSvebelia. ufro garkveviT rom 

vTqvaT, ganzraxvis da gaufrTxileblobis fsiqologiuri analogi 

ar arsebobs. magram vidre am mimarTebiT ganvagrZobdeT 

msjelobas, gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioiT `finaluri Teoriis“ 

im postulats, rom ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba bralis 

formebi ki ar arian, aramed qmedebis Semadgenlobis bunebrivi 

elementebi. qarTul sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebisaTvis sakmaod 

cnobili es debuleba, rogorc wesi, kritikis sagani iyo da 

aris kidec. magaliTad, profesori T. werTeli kategoriulad 

ar erTanxmeboda am debulebas da mas meTodologiur safuZvlebs 

uwunebda. kerZod, Tu ganzraxva bralis forma ki araa, 

aramed qmedebis Semadgenlobis bunebrivi anu fsiqologiuri 

elementi, maSin, jer erTi, ganzrax SeiZleba imoqmedos Seuracxadmac, 

1 xolo es Seracxvis problematikaSi srul arev-darevas 

gamoiwvevs. meorec, Tu ganzrxva qmedebis Segnebulobis sinomimia 

da meti araferi, maSin marTlwinaamdegobis obieqturi gageba 

SeuZlebelia. mesamec, Tu bralis cnebidan ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba 

gavaZeveT, maSin raRaa brali Tu ganzraxva SeiZleba 

iyos keTili an boroti, magram àr SeiZleba iyos kargi 

gaufrTxilebloba. gaufrTxilebloba yovelTvis gulisxmobs 

uaryofiT msjelobas, gulisxmobs imas, rom subieqtma daaRRvia 

jerovani, swori moqmedebis norma“. 2 

`finaluri Teoriis“ moZRvreba bralis Sesaxeb nawilobriv 

gaiziara profesorma o. gamyreliZem. misi azriT, ganzraxva 

marTlac SeiZleba iyos keTili an boroti, maSin rodesac gaurTxilebloba 

bralis formaa. 3 gamodis, rom ganzraxva bralis 

1 T. wereTeli. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi. t. I. Tb., 2007, gv. 158. 

2 T. wereTeli. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, gv. 163. 

3 

o. gamyreliZe. Seracxvis problema sisxlis samarTalSi da bralis 

27


formas ar warmoadgens. magram, rogorc ukve Cans, eventualuri 

ganzraxva wminda fsiqologiurad SeuZlebelia, radgan marTlsawinaaRmdego 

Sedegisadmi subieqtis gulgrili damokidebuleba 

am subieqtis sakanondeblo Sefasebaa, romelsac, rogorc 

ukve vTqviT, fsiqologia saerTod ar icnobs. miT ufro, rom 

`gulgriloba~ daudevrobis sinominadac gamoiyeneba. 

`finalur Teorias“ im nawilSi, rom ganxraxva da gaufrTxilebloba 

bralis formebs ar warmoadgenen, iziarebs m. turavac, 

oRond avtori fiqrobs, rom ganzraxvas da gaufrxileblobas 

ormagi mniSvneloba aqvT. maT dadgenas bralis etapze is 

azri aqvs, rom ganzraxva ufro metad ikicxeba, vidre gaufrTxilebloba. 

1 

debuleba, rom ganzraxva ufro metadaa gasakicxi, vidre 

gaufrTxilebloba, arsebiTad sworia, magram maSin ganzraxva da 

gaufrTxilebloba bralis formebia, radgan `gakicxva“ fsiqologiurad 

ar arsebobs. sakiTxavia: brali marTlac aris gakicxva 

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis Tu gakicxvis safuZvelia 

abstraqtuli `gakicxva“ bralis sinonimi ver iqneba. miT 

umetes, rom Tavisi qmedebisaTvis pasuxi moeTxoveba socializirebul 

pirovnebas, romelsac unari aqvs normatiulad dadgenil 

movaleobas moekidos pasuxismgeblurad da mowodebulia 

kidec amisaTvis. cxadia, aq igulisxmeba pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri 

aspeqti, roca subieqti nebayoflobiT, pasuxismgeblobis 

maRali grZnobiT, axorcielebs moralurad gamarTul an samar- 

Tlebrivad marTlzomier qmedebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `pasuxismgebloba 

“ gulisxmobs ara marto negatiur aspeqts, roca 

subieqti pasuxs agebs braleuli qmedebisaTvis, aramed mis pozitiur 

aspeqtsac, roca subieqti pasuxismgeblurad ekideba 

Tavis movaleobas da Tavisi qmedebiT qmnis moralur Tu samarTlebriv 

wesrigs. 

gasagebia, rom `pasuxismgebloba“ aris ara fsiqologiuri, 

aramed filosofiuri kategoria da adamianis pirovnebis socialur 

Tvisebaze miuTiTebs. aqedan gamomdinare, arc brali unda 

iyos wminda fsiqologiuri cneba, radgan pasuxismgebloba, misi 

pozitiuri aspeqtiT, adamianis sazogadoebriv grZnobas gamoxatavs. 

saqme isaa, rom pasuxismgebloba, misi pizitiuri aspeqtiT, 

gamoxatavs subieqtis urTierTobas garkveul ìnstanciasTan~, 

vis winaSec subieqtia pasuxismgebeli rogorc pozitiurad, ise 

— negatiurad. magaliTad, `sindisi“ aris instancia, romlis winaSe 

subieqti zneobrivadaa pasuxismgebeli. sisxlis samarTalnormatiuli 

cnebis dasabuTebis cda, — Jurn.: àdamiani da konstitucia~. 

¹3-4, 2002. 

1 m. turava. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis mimoxilva. Tb., 2010, gv. 

126. 

28


Si ki ìnstancia“ aris saxelmwifo, rogorc kanonmdebeli, romelic 

sisxlis samarTlis kanons danaSaulTa Tavidan acilebis 

mizniT aamoqmedebs. 

amrigad, aSkaraa, rom `pasuxismgebloba“ qmnis garkveul 

urTierTbas instanciasa da subieqts Soris. sisxlis samarTlis 

sferoSi igulisxmeba saxelmwofosa da sisxlis samarTlis subieqtebs 

(pasuxismgeblobis unaris mqone fizikuri pirebis da 

zogierTi kategoriis iuridiuli pirebs) Soris urTierToba, 

romelic danaSaulTa Tavidan acilebis mizans emsaxureba. aqedan 

gamomdinare, mcdaria rusul iuridiul literaturaSi 

TiTqmis gabatonebuli debuleba, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

urTierTooba danaSaulis Cadenis gamo warmoiSoba. kerZod, ver 

uaryofen imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis norma marTlzomier qmedebas 

moiTxovs, magram, samwuxarod, danaSaulis Cadenas sisxlissamarTlebriv 

urTierTobas ukavSireben, 1 maSin rodesac danaSaulis 

Cadenas misi Camdeni piri saxelmwifosTan urTierTobaSi 

ki ar Sehyavs, aramed, piriqiT, saxelmwifosTan sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

urTierTobis farglebidan gamohyavs. 2 

marTlac, sisxlis samarTlis kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlis momentidan 

sisxlis samarTlis subieqti valdebulia moqmdebdes 

marTlzomierad da mowodebulia am valdebulebas moekidos pasuxismgeblurad, 

e.i. am valdebulebis aRsrulebis ganwyobiT. 

Tu moxda piriqiT, ese igi subieqti marTlzomieri qmdebis valdebulebas 

moekida upasuxismgeblod, maSin man marTlsawinaaRmdego 

qmdeba Caidina braleulad. mocemul SemTxvevaSi 

marTlzomieri qmedebis valdebulebisadmi subieqtis upasuxismgeblo 

damokidebuleba, rogorc marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis 

subieqturi mizezi, bralis sinonimad gamoiyureba. subieqts 

rom saxelmwifos winaSe pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT 

emoqmeda, misi es qmedeba iqneboda marTlzomieri. misi es 

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmdeba ki saxelmwifos winaSe subieqtis 

upasuxismgeblobis anu misi braleulobis Sedegia da amitom igi 

saxelmwifos winaSe negatiuradaa pasuxismgebeli am upasuxismgeblobisaTvis. 

3 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom brali, rogorc marTlzomieri qmedebis 

valdebulebisadmi subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba, 

marTlsawinaamdedgo qmedebis subieqturi mizezia. samwuxarod, 

imis gamo, rom iuridiul literaturaSi samarTlebrivi 

urTierTobis problema an ugulebrelyofilia (magaliTad, ro- 

1 Уголовное право России. Части Общая и Особенная: Учебник. Под редакцией А. 

И. Рарога. М., 2004, gv. 12-16. 

2 g. naWyebia. sisxlis samarTlis sagani. Tb., 1997. 

3 g. naWyebia. brali, rogorc sicialuri filosofiis kagtegoria. Tb., 

2001. 

29


gorc wesi, germanuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi doqtrina) an TiTqmis 

gabatonebulia danaSaulis Cadenis gamo sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

urTierTobis yalbi idea, (rogorc wesi, sabWouri da 

postsabWouri ruseTis sisxlissamarTlebrivi literatura), 

bralis problema dRemde gadauWreli darCa. isic samwuxaroa, 

rom brlis problemis axleburi gadaWris is cda, romelic didi 

xania warmovadgineT, dremde uyuradRebod rCeba. 

amdenad, Cven iZulebuli varT, mkiTxvels zogi ram kvlav 

SevaxsenoT. magram amjerad gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT im 

friad mniSvnelovan garemoebas, rom profesori al. vaCeiSvili 

bralis problemis gadaWris zRurblze aRmoCnda. exeboda ra 

danaSaulebrivi qmedebis motivebis problemas, xsenebuli avtori 

werda: èrT SemTxvevaSi motivi gamoxatavs pirovnebis saer- 

To ganwyobas, romelsac aqvs garkveuli naklovaneba im azriT, 

rom misi xasiaTi Tavisi ZiriTadi TvisebiT ar upasuxebs marTlwesrigis 

interesebs, ewinaaRmdegeba mas“. 1 iqve avtori ixilavs 

meore SemTxvevas, roca adamiani mTeli sicocxle asrulebda 

marTlwesrigis moTxovnebs, raRac garemoebaTa zegavleniT sCadis 

danaSauls. amgvar SemTxvevebSi is faqti, rom sazogadoebrivad 

mavne motivma gaimarjva sawinaaRmdego motivTan brZola- 

Si, 2 miuTiTebs im grZnobis sisusteze, romelsac igi unda Seekavebina 

danaSaulis Cadenisagan. aqedan avtori akeTebs metad sagulisxmo 

daskvnas: àmrigad, orive SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs im 

fsiqikur mdgomareobasTan, romelsac SeiZleba vuwodoT sazogadoebrivi 

grZnobis sisuste an arasakmao ganviTareba (xazgasma 

avtorisaa — g.n.) im grZnobisa, romelic Seesabameba adamianTa 

Tanacxovrebis intersebs... Cveni azriT, amaSi unda veZioT 

braleulobis Sinaarsi“(xazgasma avtorisaa — g.n.). 3 

Cveni azriT, avtors imisi Tqma undoda, rom saqme exeba pasuxismgeblobis 

grZnobis sisustes an mis arasakmao ganviTarebas, 

roca pasuxismgeblobis grZnobaze upasuxismgebloba 

imarjvebs. samwuxarod, im droisaTvis, rodesac profesor al. 

vaCeiSvilis xsenebuli naSromi iqmneboda, pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis 

idea saTanadod ar iyo ganviTarebuli da amitom am 

avtormac movlenebs zusti saxeli ver daarqva, magram misi ZiriTadi 

idea metad sayuradReboa. miT ufro, rom mkvlevari xazgasmiT 

werda: `sisxlis samarTalSi braleulobis orive cnobili 

formas moicavs erTi zogadi cneba. isini araa mowyvetili 

1 al. vaCeiSvili. danaSaulis subieqturi mxare sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalSi. 

Tb., 1957, gv. 32. 

2 motivTa brZolis ideas ver gaviziarebT, radgan erTmaneTs upirispirdebian 

ara motivebi, aramed motivaciis faqtorebi. 

3 al. vaCeiSvili. danaSaulis subieqturi mxare sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalSi, 

gv. 32. 

30


erTmaneTisagan, maT Soris araa SeuTanxmebloba, romelic aucileblobiT 

daaRRvevda konstruqciis mTlianobas. amgvarad, 

ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba saerTo safuZvels pouloben“. 

1 marTlac, Tu Cven amovalT iqidan, rom danaSaulis Cadenas 

subieqturad pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebrivi grZnobis sisuste 

an misi arasakmarisi ganvTareba iwvevs, maSin brali subieqtis 

upasuxismgeblo saqciels unda niSnavdes. Tu ganzraxva, 

am poziciidan, aris pasuxismgelobis pozitiuri aspeqtis 

Segnebuli uaryofa, gaufrTxilebloba am pasuxismgeblobis 

ugulvebelyofiT vlindeba. aqedan gamomdinare, ukve SegviZlia 

imisi axsna, Tu ratom moxda is, rom termini `gulgrili“ 

erT SemTxvevaSi axasiaTebs eventualur ganzraxvas, xolo, meore 

SemTxvevaSi — daudevrobas. kerZod, Tu brali aris marTlzomieri 

qmedebis movaleobisadmi subieqtis upasuxismgeblo 

damokidebuleba, maSin gasagebia, rom termini “gulgrili“ meorenairad 

gamoxatavs ùpasuxismgeblos~, e.i. im pirs, romelic 

upasuxismgeblod, ese igi pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis sapirispirod, 

ekideba marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomas, xolo 

daudevrobis SemTxvevaSi saqme exeba windaxedulobis normebisadmi 

subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebulebas. isic gasagebia, 

rom eventualuri ganzraxvis SemTxvevaSi subieqtis upasuxismgebloba 

ufro maRalia, vidre daudevrobis dros. amitom 

negatiuri pasuxismgebloba pirvel SemTxvevaSi ufro mkacri 

unda iyos, vidre meore SemTvevaSi. magram amjerad mokled aRvniSnavT, 

rom brali, rogorc upasuxismgeblobis sinonimi, pasuxismgeblobis 

pozitiuri da negatiuri aspeqtebis kavSiris 

formaa. Tu termini `pasuxismgebluri~ niSnavs subieqtis dadebiT 

Sefasebas, ùpasuxismgeblo~, piriqiT, subieqtis uaryofiT 

Sefasebas, mis gakicxvas gamoxatavs. aqedan gamomdinare, brali 

subieqtis abstraqtuli gakicxva ki araa, rogorc amas bralis 

normativistuli TeoriaSi fiqroben, aramed gakicxvis safuZvelia. 

laSa-giorgi kutalia, exeboda ra bralis problematikaSi 

gasakicxobis cnebas, savsebiT marTebulad werda, rom gasakicxoba 

warmoadgens SefasebiTobas, romelsac Sefasebis obieqti 

ara aqvs, sul sxvaa am mxriv gakicxva, rogorc Sefaseba. 2 aqedan 

gamomdinare, avtori h. velcelis Teoriis safuZvlian kritikas 

iZleva, roca acxadebs, rom am TeoriaSi `subieqtis personaluri 

gakicxva, negatiuri msjeloba nebisyofis araswori warmarTvis 

Sesaxeb — es aris ara damnaSavis fsiqikaSi mimdinare 

1 al. vaCeiSvili. danaSaulis subieqturi mxare sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalSi, 

gv. 32. 

2 

l.-g. kutalia. brali sisxlis samarTalSi. Tb., 2000, gv. 346. 

31


procesebi, aramed sasamarTlo organoTa saqmianobis gamoxatuleba“. 

1 

amrigad, gasakicxoba bralis problematikaSi imdenad uniadagoa, 

rom mas konkretuli obieqtic ki ar gaaCnia. sul sxva am 

mxriv, brali, rogorc gakicxvis safuZveli. kerZod, subieqti 

ikicxeba imis gamo, rom is upasuxismgeblod moekida marTlzomieri 

qmedebis valdebulebas da amis gamo man gamoiwvia 

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegebi. upasuxismgeblobis ukiduresad 

maRali xarisxi gamoxatulia pirdapiri ganzraxviT, roca 

subieqti acnobierebs marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis gardauvalobasac 

ki. upasuxismgeblobis ufro dabali xarisxi gamoxatulia 

eventualuri ganzraxviT, roca subieqti marTlsawinaaRmdego 

Sedegebisadmi dauSveblad gulgrilia. TviTimedovnebis 

dros piri upasuxismgeblod imedovnebs, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi 

marTlsawinaaRmdgo Sedegi ar dadgeba, maSin rodesac is 

realurad dgeba kidec. bolos, daudevrobis dros subieqti 

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegs windaxedulobis normisadmi upasuxismgeblo 

damokidebulebis gamo ar iTvaliswinebs. 

amrigad, aSkaraa, rom brali aris pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri 

da negatiuri aspeqtebis kavSiris forma, roca subieqti 

maRalzomieri qmedebis movaleobas ekideba upasuxismgelod da 

iwvevs marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegebs. isic aSkaraa, rom bralis 

es axali koncefcia ganzraxvas da gaurTxileblobas bralis gamovlenis 

formebad acxadebs, Tumca am mxriv bralis formebis 

Semdgomi dazusteba momavlis amocanaa. 

1 

l.-g. kutalia. brali sisxlis samarTalSi, gv, 347. 

32


GURAM NACHKEBIA 

THE PROBLEM OF EVENTUAL INTENT IN CRIMINAL LAW 

In the article it is proved that eventual premeditation side as the negligent 

dependence the subject before his infringing activities is unknown to the traditional 

fault theories.This is the evaluative “negligence” conception, which psychological 

analog does not exist. The same points the 342 nd Article of Criminal 

Code of Georgian (service negligence), that is the sign of indifference. 

It comes of it that eventual premeditation and negligence are both characterized 

as common sign(indifference). This wiil be justified that the “indifferent” 

we can change with the term “irresponsible”. This means that the subject 

revealed the irresponsible dependence before the requirement of the criminal or 

provided norms, as the result of which he committed a infringing activity 

provoded by the criminal law. The premeditation before the state is the conscious 

negation of the positive responsibility, and the carelessness is recognized 

by his repudiation. 

From the other side,the fault for: the infringing activity – this is not an 

abstract accusal, as it is taken in the normative fault theory (the accusalhas not 

the corresponding subject), but is the basis of the accusal (the subject is accused 

of his irresponsibility in the infringing acrivity). Though the problem needs to 

be examinated. 

33


34 

nikoloz (nugzar) gabriCiZe 

saproceso SeTanxmeba: 

ganviTareba, perspeqtivebi 

ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kanonmdeblobaSi mniSvnelovani da arsebiTi xasiaTis 

cvlilebebi Sevida, rac, pirvel rigSi, ganpirobebulia imiT, 

rom qarTulma kanonmdebelma sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis is modeli 

airCia, romelic ufro angloamerikuli qveynebis sistemebs 

axasiaTebs. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos parlamentis 

mier 2009 wlis oqtomberSi miRebuli sisxlis samar- 

Tlis axali saproceso kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2010w. 1 

oqtombridan, angloamerikuli saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamis 

kodeqss warmoadgens. 

saproceso SeTanxmeba, romelic pirvelad amerikis Seer- 

Tebul StatebSi iqna SemoRebuli 1900 wels da myarad damkvidrda 

qveynis marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi, calkeuli TaviseburebebiT 

da gansxvavebebiT dReisaTvis warmatebiT moqmedebs evropis 

mraval qveyanaSi (inglisSi, belgiaSi, germaniaSi, safrangeTSi 

da a.S.). 

saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti saqarTveloSi SemoRebuli 

iqna adre moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi, 

2004w. 13 Tebervals da vidre axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsSi calkeuli umniSvnelovanesi cvlilebebiT daimkvidrebda 

Tavis adgils, garkveuli istoriuli gza ganvlo. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 

64 1 -e Tavma, sadac saproceso SeTanxmeba iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, 

miRebidan (2004w. 13 Tebervali) misi moqmedebis CaTvliT, 

gansakuTrebiT 2005 wlis martidan, sistematiuri da mniSvnelovani 

cvlilebebi ganicada, romelTa raodeneoba 27-s aRwevs. 

Seicvala wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 64 1 

Tavis dasaTaurebac. Tu ki miRebis dros mas ewodeboda-erqva 

„saproceso SeTanxmeba~, Semdeg dasaTaurda rogorc „saproceso 

SeTanxmeba da sasjelisagan srulad gaTavisufleba~. amasTanave, 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis XV 1 muxlis Sesabamisad, 

imave kodeqsis 679 1 -e muxlis I nawili gansazRvravda, rom 

sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis 

safuZvelia saproceso SeTanxmeba. wina (2004w. 13 Tebervlis) redaqciisagan 

gansxvavebiT, kanonmdebelma ar miiCnia savaldebulod 

braldebulis mier braldebis mxaresTan TanamSromlobis 

sakiTxi, rac danaSaulis aRiarebis da sagamoZiebo organoebisaTvis 

iseTi utyuari informaciis an mtkicebulebis an Tanam-


debobis piris mier Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb cnobis miwodebaSi 

gamoixateba, romelic xels uwyobs am danaSaulis gaxsnas. 

kanonis pirveli redaqciis mixedviT, saproceso SeTanxmebis aucilebel 

pirobas warmoadgenda braldebulis neba daxmareboda 

da eTanamSromla gamoZiebasTan. 

gamoZiebasTan TanamSomloba ki, rogorc iuridiul literaturaSia 

miTiTebuli, niSnavda imas, rom braldebuli gamoZiebas 

miawvdida ufro mZime danaSaulis an ufro maRali Tanamdebobis 

piris mier Cadenil danaSaulze utyuar informacias, an 

naklebad mZime danaSaulis Camdeni braldebulis aRiarebiTi 

Cvenebis safuZvelze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ganxorcieldeboda 

im piris mimarT, romelmac ufro mZime danaSauli Caidina. 

1 aseTi pirobebis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, prokurors ufleba 

hqonda moeTxova braldebulisaTvis sasjelis Semcireba an 

danaSaulis erTobliobisas mieRo gadawyvetileba misTvis 

braldebis Semsubuqebis an nawilobriv moxsnis Taobaze. magram, 

kanonis amoqmedebidan ramodenime Tvis Semdeg (2004w. 24 ivlisis 

kanoni), saproceso kanonmdeblobam ganicada cvlilebebi, wina 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 679 1 -e muxlis I nawilidan 

amoRebuli iqna braldebulis aRiarebis savaldebuloba da 

Tanxmoba eTanamSromla gamoZiebasTan, miewodebina utyuari informacia 

an mtkicebulebebi mZime danaSaulis an Tanamdebobis 

piris mier Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb, rac xels Seuwyobda 

aseTi kategoriis danaSaulis gaxsnas. amasTanave, saproceso Se- 

Tanxmebis pirobebi orad gaiyo da miTiTebuli iqna „bralze garigeba~ 

an „sasjelze SeTanxmeba~, 2 anu SemoRebuli iqna aSS-s 

saproceso kanonmdeblobis msgavsi instituti. bralze garigebis 

SemTxvevaSi, braldebulis mier danaSaulis aRiareba savaldebulod 

iqna miCneuli; amasTanave, SenarCunda gamoZiebasTan 

TanamSromlobis moTxovna. rac Seexeba sasjelze SeTanxmebas, 

aseT dros braldebuls ar moeTxoveboda danaSaulis aRiareba, 

xolo gamoZiebasTan TanamSromloba savaldebulo moTxovnad 

rCeboda sasjelis zomaze prokurorTan braldebulis dasaTanxmeblad. 

wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi ukanasknel 

periodSi (garda 2005w. 25 martis kanonis redaqciisa) 

sssk 64 1 TavSi Sevida mTeli rigi arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlilebebi. 

wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis XV 1 muxli miuTi- 

Tebda, rom saproceso SeTanxmeba xorcieldeboda sasamarTlo 

1 

n. gabriCiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba, — Jurn.: „adamiani da 

konstitucia~. #3, 2004, gv. 55; n. gabriCiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba, — 

Jurn.: `samarTali~. #5-6, 2004, gv. 57-63. 

2 

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, cvlilebebi da 

damatebebi. 2004w. oqtombris mdgomareobiT. Tb., 2004, gv. 377-378. 

35

36 


damoukideblobis principis dacviT, saproceso SeTanxmebis mizania 

swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba, 

xolo imave kodeqsis 64 1 -e specialur TavSi gaTvaliswinebulia 

saproceso SeTanxmeba da sasjelisagan srulad gaTavisuflebis 

pirobebi da procesualuri wesebi. amasTanave, Tu braldebulisaTvis 

saproceso SeTanxmebis SeTavazeba warmoadgenda prokuroris 

uflebamosilebas, Sesuli cvlilebebiT, saproceso Se- 

Tanxmebis SeTavazeba SeeZlo rogorc braldebuls (gansasjels), 

ise — prokurors saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas, sasamar- 

Tlo kamaTis dawyebamde. sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) uflebamosili 

iyo mxareebisaTvis SeeTavazebina saproceso kanonmdeblobis 

farglebSi werilobiTi saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom 2006w. 28 aprils sssk-is 679 1 -e muxlis II 

nawilSi Sesulma cvlilebebma gansxvavebuli interpretacia 

misca saproceso SeTanxmebas sasjelze SeTanxmebisas, radgan 

saerTod amoRebuli iqna braldebis nawilSi araRiareba da mi- 

TiTebulia, rom „sasjelze SeTanxmebisas braldebuli (gansasjeli) 

ar ewinaaRmdegeba wayenebul braldebas, Tumca eTanxmeba 

prokurors sasjelis zomaze an misgan srulad gaTavisuflebaze”. 

amdenad, braldebuli (gansasjeli) aRiarebs Tu ar aRiarebs 

wayenebul braldebas — saproceso SeTanxmebisaTvis mas mniSvneloba 

ara aqvs. 

wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsTan SedarebiT, 

axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi saproceso SeTanxmebis 

instituti ufro srulyofili da daxvewilia. is dasaTaurebulia 

rogorc „saproceso SeTanxmeba~, xolo mis Sinaarss, 

Tu ar CavTvliT mcireoden damatebas, arsebiTi cvlileba ar 

ganucdia. 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 209-e muxlis I nawilis 

Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe 

ganaCenis gamotanis safuZvelia saproceso SeTanxmeba. saproceso 

SeTanxmebis safuZvelia SeTanxmeba bralze an sasjelze. 

amdenad, saproceso SeTanxmeba SeiZleba daidos bralis 

aRiarebisas anda sasjelze SeTanxmebisas. am ukanasknel Sem- 

TxvevaSi, braldebuli ar ewinaaRmdegeba wayenebul brals, Tumca 

eTanxmeba prokurors sasjelis zomaze an misgan srulad ga- 

Tavisuflebaze, xolo bralze SeTanxmebisas braldebuli aRiarebs 

danaSauls. 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 210-e muxlis III nawilis 

Tanaxmad, braldebulisaTvis sasjelis Semcirebis an 

braldebis Semsubuqebis an nawilobriv moxsnis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis 

miRebisas prokurorma unda gaiTvaliswinos sajaro 

interesi, Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis 

simZime, qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdegoba da braleulobis 

xarisxi. prokurors ufleba aqvs saproceso SeTanxmeba dados


yvela kategoriis danaSaulze, magram sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis 218-e muxlis VIII nawilis Tanaxmad braldebulTan 

(msjavrdebulTan) saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba (braldebulis 

pasuxismgeblobisagan an sasjelisagan srulad gaTavisufleba 

da Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavrdebulis sasjelis gadaxedva) 

dauSvebelia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 144 1 -e, 

144 2 -e da 144 3 -e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa saqmeebze 

(wameba; wamebis muqara; damamcirebeli an araadamianuri mopyroba). 

siaxles warmoadgens isic, rom saproceso kodeqsis 217-e 

muxlis I nawili prokurors avaldebulebs konsultacia gaiaros 

dazaralebulTan da Seatyobinos mas saproceso SeTanxmebis 

dadeba. sxva sityvbiT rom vTqvaT, prokurori valdebulia 

pirvelad Sexvdes dazaralebuls, auxsnas mas saproceso SeTanxmebis 

pirobebi, Tumca dazaralebuls ara aqvs ufleba gaasaCivros 

saproceso SeTanxmeba. 

saproceso SeTanxmebis institutis saqarTveloSi SemoRebas 

sazogadoebaSi araerTgvarovani reaqcia mohyva. aseve, gaCnda 

gansxvavebuli azri da midgoma saproceso SeTanxmebis institutTan 

mimarTebaSi mecnier-iuristTa Soris, rac aisaxa 

publikaciebSi bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi 1 . 

mag. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis cnobili 

mecnieri, profesori. g. mefariSvili Tavidanve uaryofiTad 

afasebda saproceso SeTanxmebis SemoRebas saqarTvelos sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi. mas miaCnda, rom 

Cveni qveynis saproceso kodeqsi romanul-germanuli samar- 

Tlis sistemas miekuTvneba da misi principebi ar Seesadageboda 

saproceso SeTanxmebis debulebebs. 2 

c. ratiani uaryofiTad afasebda saproceso SeTanxmebis 

institutis arsebobas saqarTvelos saproceso kanonmdebloba- 

Si da miiCnevs, rom rogorc principi — saproceso SeTanxmeba, 

aseve es instituti ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis 

amocanebsa da principebs; amasTanave, misi srulyofis mizniT, 

gvTavazobs calkeul siaxleebs. 3 

aseve cnobil mecniers, aw gansvenebul, profesor revaz 

1 n. gabriCiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis 

saimedo berketia, — gaz.: `saqarTvelos respublika~. 2004, 13-14 

oqtomberi, #238, #239. 

2 g. mefariSvili. samarTaldamcavi organoebis instituti da sisxlis 

samarTalwarmoebis zogierTi konceptualuri sakiTxi, — gaz.: „saqar- 

Tvelos respublika~. 16.08. 2002.; . mefariSvili. sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis 

zogierTi koceptualur sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, — Jurn.: 

„marTlmsajuleba da kanoni~. #3, 2006. 

3 c. ratiani. saproceso SeTanxmeba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi: miTi 

da realoba, — Jurn.: „marTlmsajuleba da kanoni~. #3, 2006, gv. 117-153. 

37


gogSeliZes miaCnda, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti unda 

vrceldebodes ara yvela kategoriis danaSaulze, aramed 

mxolod „bralis aRiarebis gamocxadebis an/da wardgenili 

braldebis cnobis naklebad mZime kategoriis, samewarmeo da safinanso 

sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulze”. 1 

prof. m. mamniaSvili, marTalia dadebiTad afasebs saproceso 

SeTanxmebis instituts, magram mainc uaryofiT mxared miiCnevs 

imas, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis Semdeg dazaralebuli 

saerTod gaZevebulia sisxlissamarTalwarmoebidan, da 

amitom Tvlis, rom umjobesia, saproceso SeTanxmebis arseboba 

naklebad mZime kategoriis an/da korufciul danaSaulebze. 2 

saproceso SeTanxmebis SemoRebas qarTul saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi 

dadebiTad afasebs g. WanturiZe, romelsac miaCnia, 

rom aRniSnuli instituti sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis daCqarebis 

erT-erTi saukeTeso saSualebaa da keTilmsyofel zegavlenas 

moaxdens qarTuli marTlmsajulebis swraf da efeqtur 

ganxorcielebaze. 3 

amdenad, rogorc davinaxeT, iuridiul mecnierebaSi dResac 

mimdinareobs dava saproceso SeTanxmebis isntitutTan dakavSirebiT: 

aRniSnaven rogorc mis dadebiT, aseve uaryofiT 

mxareebs. magram, Tu ufro Rrmad CavufiqrdebiT saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi 

saproceso SeTanxmebis institutis ganviTarebasa 

da misi praqtikaSi realizaciis problematikas, damajereblad 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnulma institutma ukve myarad 

daimkvidra adgili qarTuli marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi, amis 

mkafio gamoxatulebaa statistikuri monacemebi 4 , romelTa 

1 r. gogSeliZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba — yvela kategoriis danaSaulze, 

— Jurn.: `profesia advokati~. #2, 2007, gv. 78. 

2 m. mamniaSvili. gamoZieblis uflebamosilebis zogierTi konceptualuri 

sakiTxi, — soxumis universitetis Sromebi. humanitarul da socialur-politikur 

mecnierebaTa seria. t. I. 2007. 

3 

g. WanturiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis 

principebTan mimarTebaSi. Tb., 2007, gv. 44. 

4 

2005 wels pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo organoebis mier saproceso 

SeTanxmebiT ganaCeni dadgenilia 932 saqmeze 1269 piris mimarT; 2006 

wels — 3791 saqmeze 4847 piris mimarT. sasamarTlo organoebis mier saproceso 

SeTanxmebiT dadgenili ganaCenebis raodenoba mkveTrad gaizarda 

momdevno wlebSi: 2007 wels saproceso SeTanxmebiT ganaCeni 

dadgenilia 8422 saqmeze 1059 piris mimarT (48,7%); 2008 wels — 9207 

saqmeze 11513 piris mimarT (52,2%); xolo 2009 wels — 9073 saqmeze 11027 

piris mimarT (58,2%). zrdis tendencia aSkarad SeimCneva momdevno 

wlebSic. amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix.: Jurn.: „marTlmsajuleba saqar- 

TveloSi. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo~, 2005-2009ww. statistikuri 

monacemebi. 

38


odenoba yovelwliurad mkveTrad izrdeba da, vfiqrobT, is ukve 

gadaiqca danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis erT-erT efeqtur 

saSualebad. 

NNIKOLOZ (NUGZAR) GABRICHIDZE 

PROCEDURAL AGREEMENT: 

DEVELOPMENT, PERSPECTIVES 

In the work is given the historical aspects of procedural agreement 

development considered by the Code of Practice of Criminal Law. There 

are analyzed the works published in Georgian legal literature in which 

are given the positive and negative parties of procedural agreement. The 

author thinks that procedural agreement is a positive case in Georgian 

procedural legislation and based on the statistical data it has been well established 

in Georgian System of Justice. 

39

40 

SoTa fafiaSvili 


sagamoZiebo eqsperinemtisa da Cvenebis 

adgilze Semowmebis cnebisa da arsis sworad 

gagebisaTvis 

sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti da Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba 

uaRresad rTuli da saintereso sagamoZiebo moqmedebebia. maT 

sworad da miznobriv Catarebaze bevradaa damokidebuli gamosaZiebeli 

da sasamarTloSi gansaxilveli sisxlis samarTlis 

saqmeze mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis dadgenisa da 

danaSaulebrivi qmedebis mTliani meqanizmis axsna. 

aRsaniSnavis, rom orive am sagamoZiebo moqmedebam sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi damoukidebeli saxis 

sagamoZiebo moqmedebad aRiarebamde uaRresad rTuli da saintereso 

gza ganvlo. aqedan pirveli — sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti 

praqtikulad ufro adre iqna aRiarebuli damoukidebeli saxis 

sagamoZiebo moqmedebad vidre Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba. amitom 

Sevecdebi mec am TanmimdevrobiT ganvixilo da gadmovce 

TiToeuli maTganis arsi, mniSvneloba da maTi Catarebis procesualuri 

reglamentacia. 

XX saukunis 40-50-ian wlebSi sisxlis samarTlis procesualur 

da kriminalistikur literaturaSi mimdinareobda uaRresad 

saintereso cxare kamaTi sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis miznebis, 

misi arsis mniSvnelobisa da iuridiuli bunebis Sesaxeb. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT 

gaTvaliswinebuli ar iyo damoukidebeli saxis sagamoZiebo 

moqmedebad mas praqtikaSi mainc farTod iyenebdnen da 

kriminalistTa didi nawili moiTxovda, rom igi Setanili yofiliyo 

saproceso kodeqsSi damoukidebeli saxis sagamoZiebo 

moqmedebad, procesualur-kriminalistTa meore, jgufi ki mas 

ganixilavda rogorc gamoZiebis gansakuTrebul taqtikur 

xerxs an daTvalierebis nairsaxeobad da moiTxovdnen rom igi 

Catarebuli yofiliyo uSualod SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebisTanave 

imave garemoebaSi, ra garemoebaSic moxda sagamoZiebo 

eqsperimentiT Sesamowmebeli faqti. am mosazrebas gansakuTrebiT 

icavda profesori m. stragoviCi. 1958 wels gamocemul 

Tavis fundamentur naSromSi — `sabWoTa sisxlis samar- 

Tlis procesis kursi~, sadac pirdapir aRniSnavda, rom sagamo- 

Ziebo eqsperimenti sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara daTvalierebis gansakuTrebuli 

saxe mis meore (dinamikur stadiazeo). 1 

zogierTi avtori aseTsave araswor, mcdar mosazrebas an- 

1 

М. С. Строгович. Курс советского уголовного процесса. М., 1958.


viTarebda maSinac ki, roca 1960-1961ww. gatarebuli reformis 

Sedegad sagamoCiebo eqsperimenti damiukidebeli saxis sagamo- 

Ziebo moqmedebad iqna aRiarebuli axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsebiT. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom yofil sab- 

WoTa kavSirSi Semavali zogierTi respublikis sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saproceso kodeqsebSi igi mainc srulyofilad ar iqna gamokveTili 

damoukidebeli saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebad da mas- 

Si amJamad moqmedi saqarTvlos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis msgavsad sruliad usafuZvlod moxda meore damoukidebeli 

saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebis `Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis~ 

Catarebis zogierTi niSani, rac udaod ar Seesabameba sagamoZiebo 

eqsperimentis iuridiul bunebas, mis arssa da mniSvnelobas. 

samwuxarod, aseTsave araswor gzas daadga saqarTvelos 

amJamindeli moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 

romlis 130-e muxlSi gaerTianebuli saxiT iqna warmodgenili 

sagamoZiebo eqsperimentisa da Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis CatarebisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi da mas ewoda `sagamoZiebo 

eqsperimentis Catarebis wesi~. 

kidev ufro rTuli da ekliani gza ganvlo Cvenebis adgilze 

Semowmebam, romelic, kriminalistikur literaturaSi jer 

aRmocenda rogorc gamoZiebis erT-erTi mniSvnelobani taqtikuri 

xerxi. Semdeg igi daixvewa da sakanonmdeblo rangSic iqna 

ayvanili. amJamad moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan 

ki Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba kvlav ratomRac, sruliad 

dausabuTeblad iqna amoRebuli da misi calkeuli elementebi 

Setanili iqna sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis amsaxvel muxlSi. rac, 

Cemi azriTa da Rrma rwmeniT arasworia da igi kvlav damoukidebeli 

saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebad unda Camoyalibdes. 

Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba iseve, rogorc sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti, 

ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc SemTxvevis adgilis 

daTvalierebis nairsaxeobad, arc dakiTxvisa da Cxreki Catarebis 

taqtikur xerxad da arc TviT sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis 

nairsaxeobad, rogorc amis dasabuTebas cdilobs zogierTi 

procesualisti. 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamis muxlSi, 

marTalia, araferia naTqvami sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis cnebisa 

da misi iuridiuli bunebis Sesaxeb da aseve arasworadaa Camoyalibebuli 

sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis Catarebis miznebi da amocanebi, 

magram miuxedavad amisa vinaidan es sagamoZiiebo moqmedeba 

saproceso kanonmdeblobiT kvlav damiukidebeli saxis sagamoZiebo 

moqmedebadaa aRiarebuli. sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisgan 

mis ganmasxvavebel niSnebze da misi Semdgomi srulyofis 

sakiTxebze aRar SevCerdebiT da mxolod zogadad movixsenieb 

misTvis damaxasieTebel iuridiuli bunebis zogierT aucilebel 

niSans. 

41


sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti tardeba cdebis saxiT gamosaZiebel 

saqmeze mniSvnelobis mqone raime garemoebis an faqtis arsebobis 

dasadgenad. kerZod, igi SeiZleba Catardes smenadobis, 

mxedvelobis, garkveuli drois monakveTSi ama Tu im saxis moqmedebis 

Sesrulebis SesaZleblobis, ama Tu im saxis simZimis 

tvirTis erTi adgilidan meoreze gadatanis SesaZleblobis, 

garkveuli moculobis mqone sagnis Ria fanjridan an sxva gamongreuli 

xvrelidan gatanis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb da sxv., dana- 

Saulebrivi qmedebis gameorebis gareSe. amasTan, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti 

ar SeiZleba Catardes, Tu igi laxavs da amcirebs eqsperimentSi 

monawile piris Rirsebas. magaliTad, ar SeiZleba 

gaupatiurebis saqmeze eqsperimentis Catareba ama Tu im piris 

mier dazaralebulTan sqesobrivi kavSiris daWeris SesaZleblobis 

dadgenis mizniT an, roca eqsperimentis Catareba SeiZleba 

safrTxe Seuqmnas eqsperimentSi monawile pirebis janmrTelobas 

da Selaxos maTi Rirseba da pativi an, roca eqsperimentis 

Catarebam SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas eqsperimentis Catarebis 

adgilze an mis garSemo mdebare sacxovrebel binebsa da iq myof 

pirTa sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas da sxv. amasTan eqsperimentis 

Catarebis mizania ara marto gamosaZiebel saqmeze mniSvnelobis 

mqone ama Tu im saxis faqtis dadgena, rogorc es miTiTebulia 

eqsperimentis amsaxveli muxlis dispoziciaSi, aramed 

imavdroulad igi aris axal mtkicebulebaTa miRebis saSualebac. 

radga eqsperimentis Catarebis mTeli procesi Tavisi dadebiTi 

an uaryofiTi SedegebiT aucileblad unda aisaxos sagamo- 

Ziebo eqsperimentis Catarebis oqmSi. eqsperimentis warmoebi 

mTeli procesi SeiZleba aisaxos agreTve foto, kino da video 

gadaRebebiT. 

sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis Catarebis mTavari organizatori, 

misi `damdgmeli reJisori~, romelic eqsperimentSi monawile 

pirebs ùnawilebs~ Sesabamis `rolebs~ da arCevs misi Catarebis 

adgilsa da pirobebs aris gamomZiebeli, prokurori, sasamarTlo 

an am moqmedebis Catarebis uflebiT aRWurvili piri. 

eqsperimentis miznebisa da amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamomZiebelma 

an mis Camtarebelma sxva pirma aucileblad unda 

SearCios da gansazRvros Casatarebeli cdebis Sinaarsi, maTi 

Tanmimdevroba da is, saWiroa Tu ara mocemuli cdebis Catareba 

da sxv. 

sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis msgavsad Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis 

Sesaxeb Teoriuli msjeloba procesualur da kriminalistikur 

literaturaSi daiwyo 1950-ian wlebSi da sagamoZiebo 

praqtikaSi damkvidrda rogorc dakiTxul pirTa Cvenebebis Semowmebis 

specialuri taqtikuri xerxi. 

qarTul kriminalistikur literaturaSi pirvelad Cems 

42


mier iqna Seswavlili da damuSavebuli Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis 

probleba da misi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT 

damoukidebeli saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebad gaTvaliswinebulobis 

aucilebloba. Semdeg, aseve pirvelad Cems mier, 1970-ian 

wlebSi momzadebul iqna Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis specialuri 

muxlis redaqcia da TxovniT mivmarTe saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo 

ganzraxulobaTa komisias, rom igi mieRoT da saqarTvelos 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi SeetanaT damoukidebeli 

saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebad. magram, specialistTa 

mxardaWeris miuxedavad, komunisturi reJimis pirobebSi ver 

moxerxda sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi misi Setana. 

misi praqtikuli realizacia SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod saqar- 

Tvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg miRebul saqarTvelos 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi da gaTvaliswinebuli 

iqna 344-e, 345-e da 346-e muxlebiT, manamde ki igi moixsenieboda 

rogorc danaSaulTa gamoZiebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani 

taqtikuri xerxi. kerZod, mowmis, dazaralebulis, eWvmitanilisa 

da braldebulis Cvenebis Semowmebis mniSvnelovan taqtikur 

xerxad, da praqtikaSi mis Catarebas aformebdnen sagamoZiebo 

eqsperimentis an SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebis an Cxrekisa 

da amoRebis oqmiT, rac araswori iyo, radgan Tavisi iuridiuli 

bunebiTa da Catarebis taqtikuri xerxebis erTobliobiT igi 

arsebiTad gansxvavdeba yvela sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisagan. 

Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis mTavari dedaazri mdgomareobs 

gamosaZiebel saqmeze dakiTxuli mowmis, dazaralebulis, 

eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis CvenebebSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis 

SemTxvevis adgilze arsebul faqtobriv garemoebebTan 

SepirispirebaSi da amiT maTgan miRebuli Cvenebebis sisworis 

Semowmeba da axali mtkicebulebebis mopoveba. 

Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba SeiZleba Catardes maSin, roca 

aucilebelia adre dakiTxuli piris `mowmis, dazaralebulis, 

eWvmitanilis an braldebulis~ Cvenebis Semowmeba adgilze faqtobriv 

garemoebasTan SepirispirebiT. misi arsi mdgomareobs 

imaSi, rom gamomZiebels (prokurors an mosamarTles an sxva am 

uflebiT aRWurvil pirs) mowveuli pirebis TandaswrebiT adre 

dakiTxuli Cvenebis mimcemi piri gahyavs SemTxvevis adgilze 

faqtobriv garemoebasTan Sesapirispireblad, ra drosac es piri 

ara marto axdens ubralo Txrobas Sesamowmebeli faqtis an 

garemoebis Sesaxeb, aramed xsnis da uCvenebs kidec saqmisaTvis 

nmiSvnelobis mqone garemoebas. kerZod, braldebulis Cvenebis 

Semowmebisas braldebuli ganmartavs ara marto imas, Tu sad, 

rodis da rogor Caidina danaSauli, aramed uCvenebs kidec Sem- 

Txvevis adgilze darCenil danaSaulis Cadenis kvals, danaSaulis 

Cadenis iaraRs da danaSaulis Cadenis meqanizmisaTvis dama- 

43

44 


xasiaTebel sxva garemoebas. 

Cvenebis adgilze SemowmebiT dasadgen garemoebaTa wre metad 

mravalferovania. misi Catareba aucilebelia maSin, roca 

saWiroa gamosaZiebel saqmeze iseTi mniSvnelovani romelime garemoebis 

dadgena, rogoricaa: namdvilad arsebobs Tu ara is adgili 

da garemoeba, romlis Sesaxebac mogvca Cveneba adre dakiTxulma 

pirma; danaSaulis Cadenis adgili, roca igi Cadenilis 

tyeSi, mindorSi an sxva iseT adgilas romelzec dakiTxuli piri 

Tavis CvenebaSi zustad ver miuTiTebs, magram aRwers im adgilmdebareobisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebel garemoebebs; gvamis danaSaulis 

Cadenis iaraRebis an sxva nivTier mtkicebulebaTa adgilsamyofeli; 

gza, saidanac mivida danaSaulis Cadenis adgilze 

braldebuli dazaralebulTan an danaSaulSi monawile sxva pir- 

Tan; adgili sadac braldebuli Sexvda dazaralebuls an danaSaulSi 

monawile sxva pirebs; danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg ra gaake- 

Ta braldebulma (saiT wavida, sad waiRo da damala danaSaulis 

Cadenis iaraRi da sxv.); danaSaulis Cadenis xerxebi da saSualebebi; 

roca mowmis, dazaralebulis da braldebulis CvenebebSi 

arsebobs winaaRmdegobebi danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis, danaSaulSi 

monawile pirTa urTierTSexvedris adgilisa da garemoebis 

Sesaxeb da sxv. 

marTalia, Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba TavianTi miznebiTa 

da amocanebiT SedarebiT axlosaa SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebasa 

da sagamoZiebo eqsperimentTan,magram maT Soris ufro 

meti sxvaobaa vidre msgavseba. isini radikalurad gansxvavdebian 

TavianTi Catarebis taqtikuri TaviseburebebiTac. 

sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis Catarebisagan gansxvavebiT, Cvenebis 

adgilze Semowmebis Catarebisas gamomZieblis roli metad 

martivi da pasiuria, igi gvevlineba mayureblis rolSi, romelic 

mxolod afiqsirebs Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis mTel ptocess. 

Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebasa da sagamoZiebo eqsperiments 

Soris arsebuli ZiriTadi sxvaoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sagamoZiebo 

eqsperiments, rogorc wesi, atareben garkveul pirobebsa 

da garemoebebSi cdebis saxiT ama Tu im faqtTan an SemTxvevis 

arsebobis SesaZleblobis an SeuZleblobis dasadgenad. Cvenebis 

adgilze Semowmebas ki imis dasadgenad, Tu rogor, ra garemoeba- 

Si da sad moxda gamosaZiebeli SemTxveva, an saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis 

mqone sxva dasadgeni garemoeba da Seesabameba Tu ara, dakiTxuli 

pirisgan miRebuli Cveneba, adgilze arsebul faqtobriv 

monacemebs. amasTan, mTel rig SemTxvevebSi sagamoZiebo eqsperimentisaTvis 

aucilebelia, momxdari Sesamowmebeli faqtis an 

garemoebis pirvandeli saxiT, garemo-viTarebis aRdgenada misi 

Catareba cdebis warmoebiT. Cvenebis adgilze SemowmebisaTvis ki 

aseTi ram saerTod damaxasiaTebeli araa. igi tardeba maTgan mi-


Rebuli Cvenebebis adgilze obieqturad arsebul mowmeebTan ubralo 

SepirispirebiT, yovelgvari garemo viTarebis aRdgenis gareSe. 

aseve sagamoZiebo eqsperimentisagan gansxvavebiT, Cvenebis 

adgilze Semowmeba xdeba TviT im piris aqtiuri monawilebiT, 

romlisgan miRebuli Cvenebac mowmdeba adgilze arsebul faqtiur 

garemoebebTan SepirispirebiT da sxv. 

Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba, aseve, arsebiTad gansxvavdeba 

SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebisagan. kerZod, Cvenebis adgilze 

SemowmebisaTvis sruliad ucxoa SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebis 

Catarebis iseTi taqtikuri xerxebi, rogoricaa: Sem- 

Txvevis adgilis daTvalierebis sazRvrebis gansazRvra da imis 

garkveva, Tu saidan moxdes daTvalierebis dawyeba (centridan 

Tu periferiidan), daTvalierebis statikuri da dinamikuri 

stadia da sxv. amasTan, Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba tardeba uSualod 

Cvenebis mimcemi piris (dazaralebulis, mowmisa da braldebulis) 

aqtiuri monawileobiT maTi TxrobiTa da miRebuli 

monacemebis adgilze faqtiur garemoebebTan SepirispirebiT. 

SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebisas ki, maTi monawileoba da 

Txroba saWiro da aucilebeli araa. miTumetes, rom SemTxvevis 

adgilis daTvalierebis dros, umetes SemTxvevaSi daudgenelia 

danaSaulis Camdeni piri. SemTxvevis adgilis daTvaliereba warmoudgenelia 

danaSaulis niSnebis aRmoCenis an uSualod danaSaulis 

Cadenis adgilis gareSe. Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba ki SeiZleba 

Catardes ara uSualod danaSaulis Cadenis an danaSaulis 

niSnebis aRmoCenis adgilze, aramed mowmis, dazaralebulis 

da braldebulis urTierTSexvedris, urTierTgacnobis adgilis 

an TviT danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadenis adgilmdebarebis 

Seswavla-gamokvlevis mizniT da sxv. 

im SemTxvevaSi, roca ama Tu im faqtis dasadgenad saWiroa 

ramodenime piris Cvenebisa Semowmeba, aseT dros rekomendebulia 

TiToeuli maTganis Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba moxdes 

cal-calke sxvadasxva mowveuli pirebis monawileobiT. 

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gamo, arafriT ar SeiZleba gamarTlebuli 

iqnas Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis Serwyma, misi gaerTianeba 

sagamoZiebo eqsperimentTan da misi damaxasiaTebeli 

niSnebis Setana sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis amsaxvel muxlSi. sa- 

Wiroa kvlav aRdges Semowmebis amsaxveli muxlis redaqcia masSi 

Setanili mcireodeni cvlilebebiT amJamad moqmed sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kodeqsSi da amiT igi kvlav aRiarebuli iqnes 

damiukidebeli saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebad. 

45

SHOTA PHAPHIASHVILI 


THE CONCEPT OF INVESTIGATORY EXPERIMENT AND ITS 

PROCEDURAL NATURE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NEW 

PROCEDUAL LEGISLATION 

The work of Professor Shota Papiashvili - “Investigative Experiment and 

Appropriate Understanding of Essence and Concept of Testimony Inspection 

On-site” implies discussion and provision of essence, concept and importance 

of investigative experiment and testimony inspection on-site for a case to be inquired 

in terms of determination of required conditions and receipt of new evidences. 

Simultaneously, it is substantiated that investigative experiment and testimony 

inspection on-site are two, distinctive to each other investigative activities 

and their arrangement in one article of investigative experiment under code 

of practice of criminal law is not right action. For this reason the request has been 

risen that similarly to old code of practice of criminal law, “testimony inspection 

on-site” shall be envisaged as an independent investigative action in 

code of practice of criminal law currently in force. 

46


mixeil mamniaSvili 


kodeqsis calkeuli aspeqtebi 

2010 wlis 1 oqtombridan amoqmedda axali sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saproceso kodeqsi da SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom 

wina saproceso kodeqsTan SedarebiT ufro daxvewili, gamartivebuli 

da praqtikosi muSakebisaTvis ufro advilad gamosayenebelia. 

rac mniSvnelovania, masSi gaTvaliswinebulia araerTi 

iseTi saxis instituti, romelsac qarTuli saproceso kanonmdebloba 

adre ar icnobda da es, upirveles yovlisa, marTlmsajulebis 

daCqarebisaken aris mimarTuli. 

unda SevniSnoT isic, rom qarTuli saproceso kanonmdeblobis 

strategiuli mimarTuleba — marTlmsajulebis gamartiveba 

da daCqareba, romelic angloamerikulma samarTlis sistemam 

daudo saTave, marTebulia da es mxolod Cveni qveynis saproceso 

kanonmdeblobisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli. 

jer kidev, 1987 wlis 17 seqtembers evropis sabWos ministrTa 

komitetSi, specialurad iqna miRebuli rekomendacia, romelic 

mis wevr saxelmwifoebs sTavazobda samarTalwarmoebis 

gamartivebuli formebis danergvas da „sisxlis samarTlis davebis~ 

gadawyvetis daCqarebuli formebis SemoRebas. 1 

kontinenturi evropis samarTlis sistemis qveynebSi, sadac 

samarTalwarmoeba droSi Zalze gawelili iyo, 2 daiwyes samarTalwarmoebis 

arsebuli modelebis srulyofa da tradiciuli 

meqanizmebis gamartiveba, SemoRebuli iqna mTeli rigi iseTi 

saxis novaciebi (saproceso SeTanxmeba da sxv.), romlebic samar- 

Talwarmoebas droSi aCqarebda da saproceso moqmedebebs amartivebda, 

ris gamoc dReisaTvis evropis umravles qveyanaSi saproceso 

kanonmdeblobis sxvadasxva formebiT es moTxovnebi realizebulia 

da warmatebiTac funqcionirebs. 

saqarTvelo SeuerTda msoflio civilizebuli qveynebis 

saproceso kanonmdeblobis models, axla mTavaria amoqmedebis- 

Tanave misi kanonSesabamisi gamoyeneba da calkeuli problemebis 

Semdgomi Rrma mecnieruli kvleva. 

albaT, yvela dagveTanxmeba imaSi, rom saproceso kanonmdebloba 

warmoadgens im „barometrs~, riTac qveyanaSi demokratiulobis 

done izomeba. amitomacaa, rom yvela civilizebuli 

qveynebis saproceso kanonmdeblobas wiTel xazad gasdevs 

1 Доступы к правосудию. Комитет министров - государствам-членам относительно 

упрощения уголовного правосудия. №12(87), 17-18 сентября, 1987, – Jurn.: 

Российская юстиция. №8, 1987, gv. 3. 

2 

J. pradeli. SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali. Tb., 1999, gv. 393. 

47

48 


sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis procesSi braldebulis, dazaralebulis 

da yvela moqalaqis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva. 

gamonakliss arc moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi 

warmoadgens, romlis pirvel muxlSi asaxulia sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebi. 

saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 

proeqtSi, romelic parlamentis mier pirveli mosmeniT iyo 

miRebuli, pirveli Tavi dasaTaurebuli iyo, rogorc „sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba, misi amocanebi da moqmedebis 

sfero~, xolo pirveli muxli iTvaliswinebda sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebs, kerZod, masSi 

naTqvami iyo, rom: „sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis 

amocanaa daadginos danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego 

qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da misi Camdeni piri, uzrunvelyos 

kanonis sworad gamoyeneba, ar dauSvas udanaSaulo piris 

msjavrdeba, daicvas adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, 

sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros kanonis, humanizmisa da samarTlianobis 

ideebis pativiscema~. magram parlamentis mier kanonproeqtis 

mesame mosmenis Semdeg (pirveli Tavis dasaTaurebis Secvlis 

gareSe) pirveli muxli „sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis 

amocanebi~ saerTod amoRebulia da dasaTaurda 

rogorc kodeqsis mizani da masSi Caiwera, rom „es kodeqsi adgens 

danaSaulis gamoZiebis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da 

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis wesebs~. amdenad, kodeqsis 

pirvel TavSi gaTvaliswinebul sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kanonmdeblobis amocanas axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsi saerTod aRar iTvaliswinebs, xolo pirvel muxls sul 

sxva interpretacia aqvs micemuli da sul sxva Sinaarsisaa, vidre 

amas kodeqsis pirveli Tavi iTvaliswinebs, arada Cveni azriT 

saproceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebis amoReba saproceso kodeqsidan 

arafriT ar aris gamarTlebuli. kidev meti, sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebs, romlebic am- 

Jamad amoRebulia kodeqsidan, gansakuTrebuli da aucilebeli 

datvirTva hqonda, vidre kodeqsis miznebs, romlebic amJamad 

pirveli muxliTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. es mosazreba logikuria, 

radgan amocanebi da miznebi urTierTgansxvavebuli cnebebia. 

gamomZieblis statusis daregulirebas saqarTevlos axali 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi eniWeba uaRresad 

didi rogorc Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli mniSvneloba. 

wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis miRebisTanave 

gamomZiebels moiazrebda braldebis mxared. sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kodeqsis 2004 wlis 15 maisis redaqciis XV muxlis IV 

nawilis Tanaxmad: „braldebis funqcia ekisreba prokurors, gamomZiebels, 

sagamoZiebo organos ufross, mokvlevis organos, 

momkvlevs, agreTve dazaralebulebs, samoqalaqo mosarCeles


da maT warmomadgenels~, xolo XXIV muxlis Sesabamisad: „sajaro 

sisxlis samarTlebriv deknas axorcielebs momkvlvi organo, 

prokurori da gamomZiebeli, amave dros gamomZiebeli uflebamosili 

iyo pirisaTvis waredgina braldeba, Seedgina sabraldebo 

daskvna~, rac dasamtkiceblad unda waredgina prokurorisaTvis. 

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 2005 

wlis 25 martis 1204 cvlilebebiT XV muxlidan amoRebulia gamomZieblis 

rogorc braldebis mxaris uflebamosileba, amave 

dros mas SeunarCunda sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis 

statusi. amasTanave, prokuroris TanxmobiT gamomZiebels ufleba 

aqvs pirs warudginos braldeba. rac Seexeba sabraldebo 

daskvnas, mas adgens mxolod prokurori, ris Semdegac saqmes 

arsebiTad gansaxilvelad warmarTavs sasamarTloSi. 

gamomZieblis statusTan dakavSirebiT qarTul iuridiul 

literaturaSi araerTgvarovani mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli. jer kidev 

1997w. Sedgenili saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis proeqtiT, romelic sazogadoebis samsjavroze iyo gamotanili, 

gamomZiebeli aRar moiazreboda arc braldebis mxared 

da arc sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis subieqtad. is, klasikuri 

formiT, namdvilad neitraluri figura iyo. swored am 

droidan xsenebul proeqts gamouCndnen mowinaaRmdegeebi, ker- 

Zod, g. qarqaSaZe ukiduresad uaryofiTad afasebda warmodgenil 

saproceso kodeqsSi gamomZieblis statuss da miaCnda, rom gamomZiebeli 

unda darCeniliyo braldebis mxared da miscemoda 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis ufleba. 1 

prof. i. gabisonia Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT marTalia dadebiTad 

afasebda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da gamoZiebis 

praqtikul gamijvnas „sabraldebo gadaxrisaTvis~ da Tavisufali, 

neitraluri (miukerZoebeli) gamomZieblis koncefcias, magram 

praqtikuli aspeqtiT mas mainc uaryofiTad miaCnda. „gadauwyveteli 

rCeba, — wers mkvlevari, — mizani (damnaSavis pasuxisgebaSi 

micema) fsiqologiurad ganapirobebs gamomZieblis saproceso 

aqtivobas da piriqiT, adeqvaturi miznis uqonloba mas 

mkveTrad asustebs~. 2 

avtorTa meore jgufs misaRebad miaCnda xsenebuli sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis proeqti da miiCnevdnen, 

rom gamomZiebels ar unda hqonoda sisxlissamarTlebrivi dev- 

1 g. qarqaSaZe. aseTi gamomZiebeli RmerTma mSvidobaSi mogaxmaroT, — 

gaz. `saqarTvelos respublika~. #282, 11 noemberi, 1997. 

2 i. gabisonia. prokuroris statusi sazRvargareT da saqarTveloSi. 

Tb., 1999, gv. 259-260; i. gabisonia. sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis gamartivebis 

Tanamedrove problemebi (kompaqturi skematuri formati), — wgn.: 

saxelmwifosa da samarTlis aqtualuri problemebi. Tb., 2003, gv. 461. 

49


nis funqcia da ar unda yofiliyo braldebis mxare. maTi azriT 

gamomZiebels unda miscemoda mxolod gamoZiebis Catarebis 

funqcia. gamomZiebeli garkveuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis 

Semdeg, Tu ki Seikribeboda gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi, 

saqmes gadascemda prokurors, romelic Sekrebda sxva 

mtkicebelebebs, Seadgenda sabraldebo daskvnas da saqmes arsebiTad 

gansaxilvelad warmarTavda sasamarTloSi, riTac realurad 

ganxorcieldeboda prokurorisaTvis miniWebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

devnis funqcia. 1 

amave Sexedulebas iziarebda prof. r. gogSeliZec, romelsac 

miaCnda, rom aucilebeli iyo erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad gamijnuliyo 

gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis funqcia, 

gamomZieblis funqciaSi unda yofiliyo mxolod gamoZiebis 

funqcia, xolo prokurors unda hqonoda mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

devnis funqcia, rogorc es klasikuri formiT 

mraval qveyanaSia. 2 

k. kereseliZes miaCnia, rom gamomZieblis statuss unda Camocileboda 

braldebis funqcia, radganac aseT pirobebSi gamomZieblis 

saqmianobis ZiriTadi aqcenti ufro metad gadatanili 

iqneboda gamamtyunebel mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebisaken imisaTvis, 

rom kanoniT dadgenil mcire droSi moeswro eWvmitanilisaTvis 

braldebis wardgena. misive azriT, sabraldebo daskvna 

unda Seedgina ara gamomZiebels, aramed prokurors. 3 

prof. S. fafiaSvilis azriT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis 

ganxorcielebis ufleba aqvs mxolod prokuraturas da am uflebis 

sxvadasxva Tanamdebobis pirebsa da organizaciebze gadanawileba 

dauSvebelia. „...amiT, — marTebulad aRniSnavs mkvlevari, 

— moqalaqeTaTvis kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebis msuye niadagis 

aRmocenebis „kanonier~ bazas hqmnis~. 4 

T. mamniaSvilsac miaCnia, rom sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis 

procesSi mxolod prokurors unda hqondes ufleba ganaxorcielos 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, xolo gamomZiebeli unda yofiliyo 

mxolod neitraluri figura, romlis funqciebSi unda 

Sediodes mxolod da mxolod saqmis srulyofili da obieqturi 

1 

v. iosava, m. mamniaSvili. uflebebis CamogvarTves, mainc Cven gvedavebian, 

— gaz. `saqarTvelos respublika~. #282, 11 noemberi, 1997. 

2 r. gogSeliZe. rogori unda iyos gamomZieblis xvalindeli dRe — 

wgn.: saxelmwifosa da samarTlis aqtualuri problemebi, gv. 447-449. 

3 k. kereseliZe. sagamoZiebo funqcia da winaswari gamoZieba saqarTvelos 

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, — wgn.: saxelmwifosa da samarTlis 

aqtualuri problemebi, gv. 239, 529. 

4 S. fafiaSvili. sisxlis samarTlis saqmisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

devnis aRZvris problema sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. Tb., 1999, gv. 18. 

50


gamoZiebis warmoeba. 1 

Cems mier araerTxelaa gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, 

rom gamomZieblis statuss unda Camocileboda braldebisa da 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis funqcia, rac unda dakisreboda 

mxolod da mxolod prokurors. gamomZiebeli ki unda gamxdariyo 

neitraluri, miukerZoebeli Tanamdebobis piri, romelsac 

unda dakisreboda mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis srulyofili, 

obeqturi gamoZieba, erTnairi gulmodginebiT unda daedgina 

braldebis rogorc gamamtyunebeli, aseve gamamarTlebeli 

mtkicebulebebi, rogorc damamZimebeli, aseve Semamsubuqebeli 

garemoebebi, erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad unda gamijnuliyo winaswari 

gamoZieba da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. 2 

ramdenadac paradoqsulad ar unda mogveCvenos, saqarTvelos 

axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis III muxlis VI 

nawilis Tanaxmad gamomZiebeli, prokurorTan erTad braldebis 

mxared moiazreba, xolo prokurori sargeblobs sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi devnis diskreciuli uflebiT, ase rom, iuridiul literaturaSi 

gamoTqmuli neitraluri, miukerZoebeli gamomZieblis 

koncefcia „sapnis buStiviT~ gaqra. 

amasTan mimarTebaSi ismeba metad sagulisxmo ori SekiTxva. 

pirveli: ras gulisxmobs saproceso kanonmdebloba sisxlissamarTlebriv 

devnis cnebaSi 

meore: marTlac mxolod prokurori sargeblobs sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

devnis diskreciuli uflebiT, Tu am funqciis 

ganxorcieleba gamomZiebelsac gaaCnia 

wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT, 

axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi devnis cneba gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris, magram Tu davesesxebiT 

wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 44-e 

muxlis 43 1 nawils „sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnaa am kodeqsiT 

gaTvaliswinebuli uflebamosili piris mier ganxorcielebul 

moqmedebaTa erToblioba, romlis mizania braldebulis mimarT 

sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT 

gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa~. 

marTalia axal saproceso kodeqsSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ar 

aris mocemuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis cneba, magram 167- 

e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

1 m. mamniaSvili. gamomZieblis statusis srulyofis calkeuli problemebi, 

— kreb.: `marji~. #2, 2009, gv. 71-72 

2 

m. mamniaSvili. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis 

srulyofisaTvis, — kreb.: `marji~. #1, 2008, gv. 178-191; m. mamniaSvili. 

gamomZieblis uflebamosilebis zogierTi konceptualuri sakiTxi, — 

soxumis universitetis Sromebi. humanitarul da socialur-politikur 

mecnierebaTa seria. t. I. 2007, gv. 355-356. 

51

52 


devnis dawyebas, romelic iwyeba piris dakavebisTanave an braldebulis 

cnobisTanave (Tu is ar dakavebula). Tu Tvals gadavavlebT 

axal saproceso kodeqsis calkeul debulebebs, marTlac 

mogveCveneba, rom mxolod prokurori sargeblobs diskreciuli 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis uflebiT (magaliTad, sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis XVI, 166-e, 196-e muxlebi da a.S.), 

magram Tu Rrmad davukvirdebiT — davinaxavT, rom gamomZiebelic 

garkveuli doziT axorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnasac, 

magliTad, gamomZiebels aqvs braldebulis dakavebis ufleba 

(172-e muxli), aseve; prokuroris davalebiiT gamomZiebeli 

braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebas gaacnobs braldebuls (169-e 

muxlis V naw.) da a.S. 

amdenad, is garemoeba, rom mxolod prokurori sargeblobs 

diskreciuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis uflebiT, rogorc 

es yvela civilizebul qveyanaSia miRebuli, savsebiT mar- 

Tebulia, magram vfiqrobT, gamomZiebeli arc braldebis mxares 

unda warmoadgenddes da arc ufleba ar unda hqondes ganaxorcielos 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, is unda iyos neitraluri, 

miukerZoebeli figura sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis procesSi. 

amis gareSe SeuZlebelia gamomZiebelma ganaxorcielos sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 37-e muxlis meore nawiliT dakisrebuli 

movaleoba awarmoos gamoZieba yovelmxriv, srulad 

da obieqturad. 

rac Seexeba saproceso kodeqsis XVI muxlis debulebas, 

romlis mixedviTac sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisa da 

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas prokurori sargeblobs 

diskreciuli uflebamosilebiT, ra drosac xelmZRvanelobs 

sajaro interesebiT, savsebiT marTebulia. magram, amas- 

Tan dakavSirebiT, ibadeba erTi logikuri kiTxva: prokuroris 

am uflebis realizaciisas calkeul danaSaulebaTa Cadenisas 

(ssk 137-e muxlis pirveli nawili, 139-e, 153-e, 157-e, 167-e, 175-e, 

189-e da 189 1 -e muxlebi) xom ar SeizRudeba dazaralebulis piradi 

da saojaxo uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi, rasac imperatiuli 

samarTlebrivi normebiT icavs saqarTvelos konstituciis 

XX muxli, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis VIII 

muxli da sxva saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi dokumentebi da 

amasTan dakavSirebiT, xom ar iqneboda umjobesi kanonmdebels 

SeenarCunebina moqmed sisxlis samarTlis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuli 

kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. 

iseT pirobebSi, rodesac axalma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsma uari Tqva winaswari gamoZiebis institutze, dazaralebuli 

aRar moiazreba braldebis mxared, SemoRebulia 

moqmed saproceso kodeqsisagan gansxvavebuli principebi. albaT, 

savsebiT logikuria mxolod prokurorma ganaxorcielos


sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. am sakiTxis sawinaaRmdegod gadawyveta 

ise, rom dazaralebulsac miscemoda sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi devnis funqcia da yofiliyo bralddebis mxare, vfiqrob 

azrs dakargavda saproceso SeTanxmebis institutis praqtikaSi 

realizacia, ramdenadac aseT dros dazaralebuli saer- 

Tod gaZevebulia sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis procesidan. ar 

aris gamoricxuli mas uari ganecxadebina braldebulisaTvis 

saproceso SeTanxmebis gamoyenebis an sasjelisagan mis srul 

gaTavisuflebaze, rac prokurors dazaralebulis, rogorc 

braldebis mxaris, moTxovna, albad unda daekmayofilebina. aRniSnuli 

sakiTxis sxva mxriv gadawyvetiT SeizRudeboda dazaralebulis, 

rogorc braldebis mxaris, uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi, 

rac aSkarad winaaRmdegobaSi movidoda axali sisxlis 

samarTlis procesis principebTan da mis calkeul debulebeb- 

Tan. vfiqrob, yovelive am novaciebiT gamosworda is xarvezebi, 

romlebic moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi arsebobda 

(mxedvelobaSi maqvs saproceso SeTanxmebis Tanafardoba 

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebTan). 

miuxedavad amisa, mainc migvaCnia, rom prokurors Zalze 

frTxilad da skrupulozulad mouwevs im danaSaulebebze diskreciuli 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyeba, rodesac ama 

Tu im doziT ilaxeba dazaralebulis piradi da saojaxo uflebebi 

da kanonieri interesebi. 

migvaCnia aseve, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 

33-e muxls, sadac prokuroris statuszea saubari, calke 

punqtad daematos prokuroris iseTi umnivSnelovanesi saproceso 

moqmedeba, rogoricaa piris braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis 

gamotana, marTalia es procedura asaxulia sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kodeqsis 169-e muxlSi, magram aRniSnuli 

debulebis calke punqtad Camoyalibeba saproceso kodeqsis 33- 

e muxlSi, sadac saubaria prokuroris statusze, ufro mkveTrad 

gausvavda xazs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnaSi prokuroris 

diskreciul funqciaze. 

ukanasknel xans qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi sakmaod 

bevri naSromi gamoCnda saproceso kanonmdeblobis iseT SedarebiT 

axal institutze, rogoricaa saproceso SeTanxmeba. avtorTa 

nawili dadebiTad afasebs mis SemoRebas, 1 zogs ki miaCnia, 

rom saproceso SeTanxmeba qarTul saproceso kanonmdeblobisaTvis 

uaryofiTi institutia, 2 xolo calkeuli avtorebi 

1 n. gabriCiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba, — Jurn.: „adamiani da konstitucia~. 

#3, 2004, gv. 54-63; g. WanturiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba sisxlis 

samarTlis procesis principebTan mimarTebaSi. Tb., 2007, gv. 34. 

2 g. mefariSvili. sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis zogierTi koceptualur 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, — Jurn.: „marTlmsajuleba da kanoni~. #3, 

53


marTalia dadebiTad afaseben mas, magram misi srulyofis mizniT 

gvTavazoben calkeul winadadebebs. 1 

Cveni SexedulebiT saproceso SeTanxmebis instiutis Semo- 

Reba qarTul saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi dadebiTi movlenaa 

da marTlmsajulebis daCqarebis saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens. 

mowinaaRmdegeTa erT-erTi mTavari argumenti is aris, rom 

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT saproceso Se- 

Tanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebs. 

kidev meti, g. mefariSvils miaCnia, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis 

instituti unda arsebobdes mxolod im qveynebSi, sadac 

saqmeebs nafici msajulebic ixilaven. 2 

mecnierebis es uaryofiTi Sefaseba saproceso SeTanxmebis 

institutTan mimarTebaSi wina saproceso kodeqsSi calkeuli 

aspeqtiT marTlac arsebobda da garkveul wilad safuZvliani 

iyo, radganac sasamarTloSi saproceso SeTanxmebis damtkicebisas 

gamoricxulia iseTi principi, rogoricaa SejibbrebiToba, 

uSualoba da zepiroba da a.S. aseve wina saproceso kodeqsSi 

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo gaTvaliswinebuli ar iyo, magram 

unda iTqvas is, rom yvela es problema axal sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kodeqsSi gamosworebulia, radganac masSi sisxlis 

samarTlis procesis principebi gansxvavebuladaa gadmocemuli 

da, rac mniSvnelovania, SemoRebuli iqna nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo 

instituti. 

Cven ar SevudgebiT saproceso SeTanxmebis institutis detalur 

ganxilvas, SevecdebiT am kuTxiT mis calkeul aspeqtze 

gadmogceT Cveneuli xedva. 

wina sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsTan SedarebiT, 

axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi saproceso SeTanxmebis 

instituti ufro srulyofili da daxvewilia. savsebiT 

samarTlianad igi dasaTaurebulia rogorc „saproceso SeTanxmeba~, 

xolo mis Sinaarss, Tu ar CavTvliT mcireoden damatebas, 

arsebiTi cvlileba ar ganucdia. 

2006; c. ratiani. saproceso SeTanxmeba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi: 

miTi da realoba, — Jurn.: „marTlmsajuleba da kanoni~. #3, 2006. 

1 g. alania. saproceso SeTanxmeba da sasjelisagan gaTavisuflebis 

problemebi. Tb., 2009; m. mamniaSvili. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kanonmdeblobis srulyofis zogierTi aspeqti, — Jurn.: „marji~. #1. 

gv. 182-183. 

2 g. mefariSvili. sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis zogierTi koceptualur 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, — Jurn.: „marTlmsajuleba da kanoni~. #3, 

2006; g. mefariSvili. samarTaldamcavi organoebis instituti da sisxlis 

samarTalwarmoebis zogierTi konceptualuri sakiTxi, — gaz.: 

„saqarTvelos respublika~. 16.08. 2002. 

54


sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 209-e muxlis pirveli 

nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis 

gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis safuZvelia saproceso SeTanxmeba, 

saproceso SeTanxmebis safuZvelia SeTanxmeba bralze an 

sasjelze. 

amdenad, saproceso SeTanxmeba bSeiZleba daidos bralis 

aRiarebisas anda sasjelze SeTanxmebisas. am ukanasknel Sem- 

TxvevaSi braldebuli ar ewinaaRmdegeba wayenebul brals, Tumca 

eTanxmeba prokurors sasjelis zomaze an misgan srulad ga- 

Tavisuflebaze, xolo bralze SeTanxmebisas braldebuli aRiarebs 

danaSauls. 

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis safuZvlebis 

orad gayofaze iuridiul literaturaSi uaryofiTi mosazrebebia 

gamoTqmuli. prof. n. gvenetaZes miaCnia, rom sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 679 1 -e muxlis meore nawilis debuleba, 

romelic sasjelze SeTanxmebas Seexeba, braldebuls 

uflebas aZlevs daeTanxmos sasjelis zomaze ise, rom ar aRiaros 

danaSauli, aseT dros mkvlevaris azriT „gaugebari rCeba 

saproceso SeTanxmebis arsi da mizani~, 1 xolo prof. r. gogSeli- 

Zes „sasjelis SeTanxmebis~ safuZvlis calke arseboba zedmetad 

miaCnia. 2 

c. ratianic eTanxmeba n. gvenetaZis mosazrebas da fiqrobs, 

rom sasjelze SeTanxmebis safuZveli, rogorc es sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saproceso kodeqsSia warmodgenili, ufunqcioa da is saerTod 

amoRebuli unda iqnes. 3 

Cven ver gaviziarebT zemoaRniSnul mecnierTa Sexedulebebs 

da vTvliT, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis or safuZvelze gayofa 

(SeTanxmeba bralze an sasjelze) logikuria da gamomdinareobs 

praqtikuli mosazrebebidan, radganac sagamoZiebo praqtikaSi, 

rogorc wesi, braldebuli an aRiarebs wardgenil braldebas, 

an ara, magram Tanaxmaa prokuroris SeTavazebul sasjelis 

zomaze. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, mxareebs ufro meti ufleba 

da areali eZleva orive safuZvlis arsebobisas moiTxovos 

saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba. Cveneul xedvas am sakiTxSi iziarebs 

aseve g. alaniac. 4 

1 

n. gvenetaZe. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacva, 

evropuli konvencia, VII oqmi saproceso SeTanxmeba, — wgn.: „samarTliani 

sasamarTlos ufleba~. Tb., 2005, gv. 22-23. 

2 

r. gogSeliZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba — yvela kategoriis danaSaulze, 

— Jurn.: `profesia advokati~. #2, 2007, gv. 91. 

3 c. ratiani. saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti sisxlis samarTlis 

procesSi, — Jurn.: „marTlmsajuleba~. #1, 2007, gv. 169. 

4 g. alania. saproceso SeTanxmebisa da sasjelisagan srulad gaTavisuflebis 

problemebi. Tb., 2009, gv. 53. 

55

56 


braldebulisaTvis sasjelis Semcirebis an braldebis Semsubuqebis 

an nawilobriv moxsnis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis mi- 

Rebisas prokurorma unda gaiTvaliswinos sajaro interesi, Cadenili 

danaSaulisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis simZime, 

qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdegoba da braleulobiis xarisxi. prokurors 

ufleba aqvs saproceso SeTanxmeba dados yvela kategoriis 

danaSaulze, magram sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 218-e muxlis 

pirveli nawili mas imperatiuli normiT ukrZalavs sasjelisagan 

srulad gaTavisuflebas saqarTvelos sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kodeqsis 144 1 -e, 144 2 -e da 144 3 -e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli 

danaSaulis Camdeni pirebi. 

novacias warmoadgens isic, rom saproceso kodeqsis 217-e 

muxlis I nawili prokurors avaldebulebs konsultacia gaiaros 

dazaralebulTan da Seatyobinos mas saproceso SeTanxmebis 

dadeba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, prokurori valdebulia 

piradad Sexvdes dazaralebuls, auxsnas mas saproceso SeTanxmebis 

pirobebi, marTalia, dazaralebuls ara aqvs ufleba gaasaCivros 

saproceso SeTanxmeba, es logikuricaa, radgan is ar 

warmoadgens braldebis mxares, magram TviT is faqti, rom prokurori 

unda Sexvdes dazaralebuls da masTan konsultacia gaiaros, 

albaT dameTanxmebiT, garkveul dadebiT fsiqologiur 

efeqts warmoadgens. 

saproceso SeTanxmebis mimarTebiT, gvsurs SevexoT kidev 

erT problemas — ramdenad marTebulia saproceso SeTanxmeba 

daidos samive kategoriis danaSaulze. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT iuridiul literaturaSi urTier- 

Tgansxvavebuli mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli. magaliTad, prof. g. 

mefariSvils miaCnia, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis 155 1 muxlis IV punqtiT braldebulis mier 

bralis aRiareba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos braldebasa da 

gamamtyunebel sasamarTlo ganaCens, Tu bralis aRiareba dadasturebuli 

ar aris saqmeze Sekrebili sxva mtkicebulebebiT. 1 

prof. r. gogSeliZes miaCnia, rom saproceso SeTanxmebis 

instituti unda vrceldebodes ara yvela kategoriis danaSaulze, 

aramed mxolod „bralis aRiarebis gamocxadebis an/da 

wardgenili braldebis cnobis naklebad mZime kategoriis, samewarmeo 

da safinanso sferoSi Cadenil danaSaulebebze~. mkvlevaris 

azriT, sakiTxis sxvagvari gadawyvetiT saproceso SeTanxmebis 

instituti winaaRmdegobaSi movidoda sasjelis mizneb- 

Tan. 2 Cven ver daveTanxmebiT mecnieris im mosazrebas, rom sap- 

1 g. mefariSvili. samarTaldamcavi organoebis instituti da sisxlis 

samarTalwarmoebis zogierTi konceptualuri sakiTxi, — gaz.: „saqar- 

Tvelos respublika~. 16.08. 2002. 

2 r. gogSeliZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba.., gv. 78.


roceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas calke gamoiyos „bralis aRiarebiT 

gamocxadebisaTvis~ erT-erTi safuZveli, radganac amiT aSkarad 

SeizRudeba sxva SemTxvevebSi saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis 

SesaZlebloba. kidev meti, ar aris gamoricxuli isic, rom 

pirma Caidina iseTi danaSauli, romelic sajaro interesebs ewinaaRmdegeba, 

magram gamocxadda samarTaldamcav organoSi bralis 

aRiarebiT. aseT dros Tu ki kodeqsSi Caiwereba „bralis 

aRiarebiT gamocxadebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia saproceso 

SeTanxmebis dadeba~, bralis aRiarebiT gamocxadebul braldebuls 

gauCndeba kanonieri (legitimuri) safuZveli (survili) 

prokurors mosTxovos saproceso SeTanxmebis gaformeba, rac 

aSkarad dauSvebelia. 

prof. n. gabriCiZe optimisturadaa ganwyobili saproceso 

SeTanxmebis mimarT. misi azriT savsebiT samarTliania saproceso 

kodeqsSi saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis SesaZlebloba yvela 

kategoriis danaSaulze. 1 amave Sexedulebas iziarebs g. WanturiZec. 

2 

Cveni azriT, saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti dadebiTi 

movlenaa qarTul saproceso kanonmdeblobisaTvis, magram 

vfiqrobT, dazaralebulis (Tundac mxares ar warmoadgendes) 

gaZeveba sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis procesidan uaryofiTad 

aisaxeba iseT fuZemdeblur principze, rogoricaa mxareTa Tanasworoba 

da SejibrebiToba (sssk IX m.). aseT dros dazaralebuli, 

rogorc procesis monawile, araTanabar mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba 

procesis sxva monawileebTan, amitomac, Cveni azriT, 

albaT umjobesia saproceso SeTanxmebis gamoyeneba naklebad 

mZime kategoriis an/da korufciul danaSaulebebze. 

iuridiul literaturaSi davas iwvevs Tu ramdenad mizan- 

Sewonilia saproceso SeTanxmebis erT-erTi safuZvlis „SeTanxmeba 

bralze~, TviTon am terminis aseTi saxiT interpretacia. 

magaliTad, r. gogSeliZis azriT „bralis~ buneba gamoricxavs 

masze SeTanxmebas. garda amisa, piris braleulobisa Tu arabralebulobis 

sakiTxis gadawyveta sasamarTlos prerogativaa. ar 

SeiZleba es ufleba, Tundac iSviaTad, gadaeces prokurors: „arada, 

— wers mkvlevari, — Tu vaRiarebT, rom prokurori braldebuls 

urigdeba bralze, gamodis is adgens kidec mis braleulobas 

da sasamarTlos dasadgeni araferi rCeba~. 3 

Cven ver daveTanxmebiT mkvlevaris am pozicias Semdegi garemoebaTa 

gamo. marTalia, moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT 

brali warmoadgens SefasebiT, normatiul kategorias (uar- 

1 n. gabriCiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba, gv. 63. 

2 g. WanturiZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis 

principebTan mimarTebaSi, gv. 59. 

3 r. gogSeliZe. saproceso SeTanxmeba.., gv. 91. 

57

58 


yofilia bralis fsiqologiuri Teoria), isic udavoa, rom 

brals sabolood adgens sasamarTlo Tavis ganaCenSi, rodesac 

piris gakicxva xdeba individdualur personalur doneze. 1 magram 

ismeba erTi SekiTxva: prokurors, gamomZiebels evaleba Tu 

ara gamoZiebis procesSi qmedebis Semadgenlobisa da marTlsawinaaRmdegobis 

garda daadginos aseve piris qmedebaSi bralis 

arseboba. pasuxi SeiZleba iyos mxolod da mxolod dadebiTi: 

„sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT aRwerili qmedebis Cadena, — wers 

prof. o. gamyreliZe, — aris sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZris safuZveli. 

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 

XXII muxlis Tanaxmad sisxlis samarTlis saqme unda aRiZras „danaSaulis 

niSnebis arsebobisas~. marTalia, aq mravlobiTi forma 

„danaSaulis niSnebi~-a gamoyenebuli, magram saqmis aRZvrisaTvis 

misi erTi niSnis qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebac ki 

sakmarisia (rogorc Cans, kanoni am qmedebis Semadgnelobis niSnebs 

gulisxmobs). rac Seexeba danaSaulis meore da mesame niSans 

— marTlwinaaRmdegobis da damnaSavis brals, is SeiZleba saqmis 

aRZvris Semdeg dadgindes~. 2 

kidev meti, prokuroris mier gamotanili braldebis saxiT 

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebis dadgenilebaSi bralzedac unda 

iyos miTiTebuli, magram saqme imaSia, rom prokuroris mier 

dadgenili „brali~ atarebs prezumfciul savaraudo xasiaTs. 

SeiZleba sasamarTlom Tavis ganaCenSi gaiziaros prokuroris 

mier dadgenili brali da braldebuli uaryofiTad gakicxos da 

mis mimarT daadginos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni. anda SeiZleba ar 

gaiziaros prokuroris mier dadgenili brali da daadginos gamamarTlebeli 

ganaCeni. mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi saproceso 

SeTanxmebiis dros prokurori braldebuls mxolod da 

mxolod uTanxmddeba bralze, magram sabolood individualur 

samarTlebriv gakicxvas — ganaCenis dadgenas axorcielebs sasamarTlo. 

amis sailustraciod SegviZlia moviyvanoT saqarTvelos 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 213-e muxlis pirveli 

nawilis interpretacia, romlis Tanaxmadac „sasamarTlo 

uflebamosilia sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe 

ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis Sedegad 

miiRos gadawyvetileba sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebi- 

Ti ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis an saqmis prokurorisaTvis 

dabrunebis Taobaze~. kidev meti, prof. o. gamyreliZis 

azriT: „brali aris braldebulis (gansasjelis) gakicxva Cade- 

1 o. gamyreliZe. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba. 

Tb., 2005, gv. 85. 

2 o. gamyreliZe. brZola samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosaTvis. wigni I. Tb., 

1998, gv. 219; o. gamyreliZe. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 

ganmarteba, gv. 76.


nili umarTlobis gamo~. 1 ase rom, Cveni azriT, termini „SeTanxmeba 

bralze~ ar ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis samarTlis arc materialur 

da arc saproceso kanonmdeblobas. 

sul sxva garemoebas aqvs adgili, rodesac saubaria prokuroris 

mier piris bralis wayenebaze. magaliTad, sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saproceso kodeqsis 169-e muxlis II nawilSi naTqvamia: 

„bralis wayenebisaTvis sakmarisi safuZvlis arseboba~, 38-e muxlis 

III nawilSi miTiTebulia „Tu braldebuli Tavs aridebs samarTaldamcav 

organoSi gamocxadebas, braldebis dadgenilebis 

asli gadaecema mis advokats, rac iTvleba bralis wayenebad~ 

da a.S. 

aseT dros, vfiqrobT, ufro zusti iqneboda Tu ki sityva 

„brali~ Seicvleboda „braldebad~. es logikuricaa, radgan 

prokurori, axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis III 

muxlis Tanaxmad warmoadgens braldebis mxares, es gamoZiebis 

procesSi axorcielebs sisxlisamarTlebriv devnas, xolo sasamarTloSi 

saxelmwifo braldebas uWers mxars. amitom sityva 

„braldebas~ ufro zusti da tevadi datvirTva aqvs, vidre 

„brals~, miT umetes amas arc saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi 

muxli(magaliTad, sssk 169-e muxlis III nawili) ar uaryofs, sadac 

miTiTebulia ara bralis Sesaxeb dadgenilebaze, aramed 

„braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebaze~. kidev meti, rogorc sworadaa 

miTiTebuli iuridiul literaturaSi, braldeba, rogorc 

funqcia — saproceso saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba — mWidrodaa 

dakavSirebuli braldebis saganTan, e.i. im sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivad dasjadi moqmedebis materialur-samarTlebriv gamoxatulebasTan, 

romelTa sababiT xorcieldeba sisxlis samar- 

Tlis procesi. braldeba materialur-samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT 

danaSaulis Semadgnelobis procesualuri gamoxatulebaa, 

rac konkretul pirs Seeracxeba. braldeba, prokuroris mier 

gamotanili braldebis dadgenileba, moicavs danaSaulis 

yvela aucilebel niSans, mis yvela elements imgvarad, rogorc 

es aris gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisi 

muxlis daspoziciaSi, 2 amitom prokurori pirs „brals~ ki 

ar uyenebs, aramed , — Jurn.: „braldebas~. amis gamoc migvaCnia Sesabamisi 

cvlilebebia Sesatani axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsSi. 

da bolos, ar SegviZlia ar SevexoT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis 180-e muxlis, 105-e muxlis II nawilis „b~ pun- 

1 o. gamyreliZe. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, 

gv. 85. 

2 p. kobalaZe. saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWera rogorc sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso funqcia: misi arsi da mniSvneloba, — Jurn.: „Temida~. 

#3(5), 2009, gv. 5-6. 

59


qtis da 191-e muxlis II nawilis interpretacias, rodesac saubaria 

piris samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebaze, gamoZiebis 

anda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an Sewyvetis safuZvelze 

da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetaze saqmis 

arsebiTi ganxilvis dros. kerZod, sssk 180-e muxlis I nawilSi 

miTiTebulia: „Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom braldebuli 

danaSaulisas Seuracxi iyo an misi Cadenis Semdeg gaxda 

Seuracxi~, sssk 105-e muxls II nawilis „b~ punqtSi naTqvamia: „piri 

danaSaulis Cadenisas Seuracxi iyo, rac dadasturebulia saxelmwifo 

sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvniT~, 

xolo sssk 191-e muxlis II nawilSi naTqvamia: „braldebuli Tu 

danaSaulis Cadenisas Seuracxi iyo, sasamarTlo mxaris SuamdgomlobiT 

wyvets sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas~. amasTan dakavSiirebiT 

unda aRniSnos, rom Seuracxis mier Cadenil qmedebas 

ar SeiZleba vuwodoT „danaSauli~, xolo mis Camdens „damna- 

Save~, radganac, rogorc iuridiul literaturaSia miTiTebuli, 

„Seuracxaoba da brali erTmaneTs gamoricxaven~. 1 aseTi piris 

mimarT gamoyenebuli unda iqnes ara sasjeli, aramed „fsiqiatriuli 

daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli 

RonisZiebebi. Seuracxze ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi 

atarebs ara iuridiul, aramed samedicino xasiaTs, mas eniSneba 

mkurnaloba imisaTvis, rom gamojanmrTeldes. sxva mdgomareoba 

maSin, rodesac braldebulma, marTalia Seracxad mdgomareobaSi 

Caidina danaSauli, magram sulierad daavadda danaSaulis 

Cadenis Semdeg. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTls kodeqsis 34-e 

muxlis Tanaxmad, aseTi piri sasamarTlos mier Sefardebul sasjels 

gamojansaRebamde moixdis Sesabamis samedicino (samkurnalo) 

dawesebulebaSi. 

amdenad, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 180-e muxlis, 

105-e muxlis II nawilis „b~ punqtSi da 191-e muxlis II nawil- 

Si sityvebi „danaSaulis Cadenisas Seuracxi iyo~ unda Seicvalos 

sityvebiT „marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisas Seuracxi iyo~, 

rac, vfiqrob, sworad gamoxatavs Seuracxis samarTlebriv statuss 

sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis procesSi. 

1 m. mamniaSvili. samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba. 

Tb., 2003, gv. 31. 

60


MIKHEIL MAMNIASHVILI 

SEPARATE ASPECTS OF LAW OF NEW CODE OF PRACTICE 

The author thinks that taking out of tasks of Criminal Law from the Code 

of Practice is inadmissible, because exactly in the tasks have to be explained 

protection of rights and independence guaranteed by constitution for the procedural 

activities subject. 

The author positively considers the condition that only prosecutor uses 

the function of discrete Criminal Law persecution, but negatively evaluates that 

the investigator along with the procurator is considered to be the accusatory party. 

From the author’s point of view the investigator doesn’t have to be the accusatory 

party, he has to be neutral, objective figure in the Criminal Law process, 

he only has to investigate cases, so as to collect as accusative as excusatory proofs, 

establish as relieving as excusatory conditions. 

The author also positively evaluates establishment of institution of procedural 

agreement in the procedural legislation. From his point of view, the given 

institution is the best means of acceleration of justice, but he thinks that the institution 

of procedural agreement has to concern only the less heavy category 

corruptive crimes. 

61

Tea SayulaSvili 


mowmis imunitetis problemebi sisxlis 

samarTlis procesSi 

Sesavali. sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba saxelmwifo saqmianobis 

gansakuTrebuli sferoa, romlis prioritetul amocanas 

warmoadgens, daadginos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis faqtobrivi 

garemoebebi da danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis 

Camdeni piri, magram amave dros is valdebulia saproceso 

kanoniT gansazRvruli, mkacri da mtkivneuli moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis 

drosac ki daicvas yvela monawilis uflebebi da 

Tavisuflebebi. 

XX s. 60-ian wlebSi herbert pekerma, sisxlis samarTlis politikaze 

dakvirvebiT, gamoyo msoflioSi arsebuli marTlmsajulebis 

ori modeli: 1. Due process model, romlisTvisac prioritetulia 

adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da 2. Grim control 

model, romelic moqalaqeTa uflebebis SezRudvis xarjze upiratesobas 

aniWebs damnaSaveobaze kontrols. 1 Tumca, ra Tqma 

unda, gulubryviloba iqneboda gvemtkicebina, rom am modelTagan 

romelime SeiZleba iyos absoluturi an idealuri. 

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, procesis 

monawilis kerZo interesis sajaro interesze maRla dayeneba, 

rac aseT SemTxvevebSi moralur-eTikuri normebiT aris nakarnaxevi, 

dispoziciurobis principiT aris cnobili da is sisxlis samarTlis 

procesSi zRvargadasuli sajaroobis sapirwonea. 

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis orbitaze moxvedrili moqalaqis 

kerZo interesebis dacvis meqanizmebidan `mowmis imunitetis~ 

instituti erT-erTi uZvelesi da umniSvnelovanesia. 

Tavad sityva ìmuniteti~ (“immunitas”) laTinuridan warmodgeba 

da raimesagan Tavis dacvas, ganTavisuflebas, Tavis daxsnas niSnavs. 

2 sisxlis samarTlis procesSi imuniteti warmoadgens sagamonakliso 

uflebas, romelic kanoniT gansazRvrul pirTa wres, 

maTi statusis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, Tanamdebobis an 

profesiis gamo, erTis mxriv, aRWurvavs uflebiT, ar miscen Cveneba 

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze maTTvis cnobil garemoebaTa 

Sesaxeb, meores mxriv ki aTavisuflebs maT, Cvenebis armicemis 

SemTxvevaSi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisagan. 

Tavisi arsiT mowmis imunitetis instituti rTul da dina- 

1 Herbert L. Packer. Two Models of the Criminal Process. Stanford University Press, 

1968. 

2 

qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. t. V. Tb., 1980, gv. 123. 

62


mikur funqcionalur sistemas warmoadgens, romelic klasikuri 

gagebiT, Tavis TavSi moicavs kanonis mier 1. imperatiul akrZalvas, 

garkveulma pirebma, survilis miuxedavad, ar miscen 

Cveneba; 2. uflebiT aRWurvas, mowmem Tavad gadawyvitos, misces 

Tu ara Cveneba; 3. procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdebobis piris 

uflebiT aRWurvas, garkveuli profesiis matarebeli mowmeebis 

profesiuli saidumloTi daculi kerZo interesi daayenos 

sajaro interesze maRla da Tavad gaaTavisuflos isini 

mowmis movaleobisa da profesiulad mindobili saidumlos gan- 

Tqmisagan. 

axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis ZalaSi Sesvlamde, 

mowmis imuniteti qarTul sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi 

swored zemoTaRniSnuli klasikuri gagebiT funqcionirebda. 

kanonis 95-e muxliT gansazRvruli iyo pirTa wre, romlebic 1. 

ar SeiZleba dakiTxuliyvnen mowmed im garemeobaTa Sesaxeb, romelic 

maTTvis cnobili gaxda Tanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis, 

profesiul saqmianobis an socialuri statusiT dakisrebuli 

movaleobebis ganxorcielebisas (damcveli, warmomadgeneli, 

advokati, maT Soris isic, romelic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda 

pirs dacvis an warmomadgenlobis miRebamde, sasuliero piri, 

piri, romelsac fizikuri, fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamo ar 

SeeZlo sworad aReqva sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani 

garemoebebi, saxalxo damcveli, sxvadasxva umaRlesi 

warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis deputatebi, mosamarTle da 

Jurnalisti); 2. romlebsac ufleba hqondaT, Tavad mieRoT gadawyvetileba, 

miecaT Tu ara Cveneba ojaxis wevris an axlo na- 

Tesavis winaaRmdeg da 3. pirebi, romlebic sakuTari profesiuli 

an samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba 

procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdebobis pirs gaeTavisuflebina 

mowmis movaleobisagan, im mizniT, rom maT ar daerRviaT profesiuli 

qcevis deontologiuri normebi an samuSaoze miRebisaTvis 

nakisri informaciuli wyarosa da Tavad informaciis gauxmaureblobis 

valdebuleba. 

moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonSi mowmis imuniteti 

gaTvaliswinebulia kodeqsis 50-e muxliT _ piri, romelic 

ar arsi valdebuli, iyos mowme. aRniSnuli muxliT mowmed 

imperatiulad ar SeiZleba daikiTxos mxolod piri, romelsac 

fizikuri an fsiqikuri naklis gamo, ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas, 

daimaxsovros an aRidginos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani garemoebebi. 

rac Seexeba pirTa danarCen wres, kanonmdebeli maT, ubralod, 

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis muqariT, ar akisrebs 

Cvenebis micemisa da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis 

Semcveli sagnis, dokumentis, nivTis da sxva obieqtis gadacemis 

valdebulebas, anu Tavisi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobiT isini 

uTanabrdebian Zveli sisxlis samarTlis procesSi arsebul 

63

64 


axlo naTesavis procesualur mdgomareobas, rac erTmniSvnelovnad 

unda vaRiaroT, rom kanonmdeblobis humanizaciis procesSi 

ukan gadadgmuli nabijia. Zveleburd SenarCunebulia imunitetis 

praqtikaSi ar arsebuli forma, mosamarTlis mier profesiuli 

saidumlis dacvis mizniT garkveuli pirebis mowmis 

movaleobisgan ganTavisuflebisa. moqmedi normis aseTi redaqcia 

eWvqveS ayenebs mowmis imunitetis mniSvnelobas da mis samarTlebriv 

Rirebulebas. 

moqalaqis viziti moZRvarTan, advokatTan, eqimTan, bankirTan, 

notariusTan, ufro iSviaTad saxalxo damcvelTan, deputatTan, 

JurnalistTan konfidencialur urTierTobaTa kategorias 

miekuTvneba. aRniSnuli profesiis adamianebisTvis/ 

Tanamdebobis pirebisTvis (garda sasulieo pirisa), konfidencialuri 

informaciis mindoba xdeba ara `gulis gadaSlis~, aramed 

maTgan kvalificiuri profesiuli daxmarebis miRebis mizniT, 

swored Tavisi yoveldRiuri saqmianobidan gamomdinare 

xdebian isini ùcnobi adamianebis~ saidumloTa Tanamflobelni, 

mindobis wuTidan informacia iZens profesiuli saidumlos 

statuss, pirs ki uCndeba valdebuleba, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli 

gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda, arasdros, aranairi motiviT 

ar gaaxmauron miRebuli informacia mimndobi piris Tanxmobis 

gareSe. profesiuli movaleobebidan gamomdinare es adamianebi 

ar SeiZleba idgnen rigiT mowmis rangSi, swored amitom kanonmdebloba 

maT aRWuravs imunitetiT da Teoriulad mainc 

uars ambobs adamianTa piradi cxovrebis xarjze sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saqmisTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis miRebaze. ramdenad 

uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoni 

dispoziciurobis am humanur gamovlenas da ramdenad ayenebs 

kerZo interess sajaroze maRla ganvixiloT saadvokato, 

saeqimo, da sasuliero piris imunitetis magaliTze vinaidan moqalaqeebi 

yvelaze xSirad swored am profesiebisa da statusis 

mflobel pirebsmimarTaven,kanonbdeblobiT dadgenil sxva pirebze 

ki vrceldeba imunitetis analogiuri reJimebi. 

saadvokato imuniteti. Soreul warsulSi advokatura 

Seiqmna moqalaqeTaTvis iuridiuli daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT. 

Zvel romSi advokats uwodebdnen im axlobel adamianebs 

(naTesavebs, megobrebs), romlebic Tan axldnen moqalaqeebs sasamarTloSi. 

imave periodSi Caisaxa `saadvokato imunitetis~ 

institutic. romaeli iuristebi sasamarTlosagan iTxovdnen, 

rom mas ar mieca ufleba advokatisaTvis, yofiliyo mowme im 

saqmeze, romelzedac damcvelad gamodioda. am droidan moyolebuli, 

sityva ~advokati~ sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi Tu yoveldRiur 

cxovrebaSi moqalaqis interesebis damcvelis, mis- 

Tvis konsultaciisa da kvalificiuri iuridiuli daxmarebis


gawevis sinonimia. 

sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis mTel periodSi sakanonmdeblo 

doneze formalurad SenarCunebuli iyo `saadvokato imuniteti~. 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi garkveulwilad 

icavda `saadvokato saidumlosac~, magram sadao ar aris, rom 

advokati sabWoTa sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi warmoadgenda 

`procesis dekoracias~, romelmac dakarga Tavisi istoriuli 

funqcia, yofiliyo braldebulis mesaidumle, misi bralis Semamsubuqebeli 

da saimedo dasayrdeni. igi iqca `saqmis momgvareblad~, 

~momrigeblad~ braldebuls, dazaralebulsa da mar- 

Tlmsajulebas Soris da am stereotips cotam Tu daaRwia Tavi. 

damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobam 

`daubruna~ advokats procesis damoukidebeli da 

sruluflebiani monawilis statusi. saqarTvelos konstituciiT 

aRiarebulia TiToeuli moqalaqos ufleba _ uzrunvelyofili 

iyos kvalificiuri, srulfasovani dacviT. 

saqarTvelos 2001 wlis 20 ivnisis kanoniT àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~, 

saadvokato saqmianoba miCneulia damoukidebel da Tavisufal 

saqmianobad.advokati aris Tavisufali profesiis piri, 

romelic emorCileba mxolod kanons da profesiuli eTikis 

normebs; misi saqmianobis principebs warmoadgens kanoniereba, 

profesiuli saidumlosa da profesiuli eTikis normebis dacva. 

saqarTvelos kanoni àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ mTlianad iziarebs 

1995 wels iuristTa saerTaSoriso asociaciis mier SemuSavebuli 

saadvokato eTikis generaluri principebis suliskve- 

Tebas, romelTa Tanaxmadac, àdvokati valdebulia mudmivad 

mxari dauWiros ndobis uzenaes standartebs klientTan urTierTobaSi 

da daicvas konfidencialoba yofil da arsebul klientebTan 

mimarTebaSi~. 

saadvokato saidumlo profesiulad mindobil piradi 

cxovrebis saidumlos ganekuTvneba, anu informaciis (romelsac 

moqalaqe advokats andobs) gadacema xdeba ara klientis 

surviliT, aramed advokatisagan profesiuli daxmarebis miRebis 

sanacvlod. amitom saadvokato saidumlo moicavs moqalaqisa 

da damcvelis urTierTobis yvela elements: 

advokatis vizitis faqts (ra Tqma umda, Tu pirs ar surs, 

am vizitiebis Sesaxeb vinmem icodes); 

informacias, romelsac klienti gadascems advokats; 

informacia, romelsac advokati Tavad miiRebs saqmis masalebidan 

an gaarkvevssxvagziT; 

cnobebi piradi cxovrebis sferodan, romelTa saidumlodSenaxvasacmoiTxovsklienti 

(aseTi moTxovnis ararsebobis 

SemTxvevaSiki is cnobebi, romelTa gaxmaurebac - 

sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli zneobrivi normebis gaTva- 

65

66 


liswinebiT araeTikurad miiCneva) im wuTidan, roca moqalaqe 

gadaabijebs advokatis ofisis zRurbls, yvela Semdgomi 

qmedeba warmoadgens `saadvokato saidumlos~. 

ukanasknel periodamde saadvokato saidumlo absolutur, 

xolo saadvokato imuniteti privilegirebul saxes atarebda. 

advokatTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis 38-e muxliT, ikrZaleboda 

sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catareba advokatis binaSi, 

ofisSi, manqanaSi, advokatisa da klientis saubris miyuradeba 

da Cawera, aseve maTi mimoweris kontroli.sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kodeqsis 95-e muxliT ki imperatiulad ar SeiZleboda 

advokati mowmed dakiTxuliyo im garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT 

romelic man klientisgan rwmunebis miRebamde am mas Semdeg 

miiRo, rac ara marto uflebas aZlevda damcvels, uari eTqva 

Cvenebis micemaze, aramed ukrZalavda gamoZiebis organoebsa da 

sasamarTlos, daekiTxa advokati im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu es ukanaskneli 

Tavad Tanaxma iyo mieca Cveneba. 

aseTi sakanonmdeblo regulaciis pirobebSi SeuZlebeli 

iyo sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebisTvis saadvokato saidumlos 

mikuTvnebuli informaciis kanonieri gziT mopoveba da 

mis dasaSveb mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba. 

kardinalurad Seicvala mdgomareoba 2005 wlis Semdeg. advokatTa 

Sesaxeb kanonis 38-e muxlidan amoRebuli iqna V nawili, 

riTac samarTaldamcav organoebs xeli gaexsnaT mosamarTlis 

ganCinebiT an gadaaudebel SemTxvevaSi mis gareSe Caataron sagamoZiebo 

moqmedebebi advokatis binaSi ofissa da manqanaSi, da 

Sedegad klientis Sesaxeb mopovebuli informacia gamoiyenon 

kanonier mtkicebulebad. amasTanave axalma sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kanonmdeblobam ar gamoricxa advokatis mier klientis 

sawinaaRmdegod Cvenebis micema da procesualuri mdgomareobiT 

is iqca pirad, romelic ar aris valdebuli iyos mowme, 

rac gulisxmobs rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, advokatis saqmianobis 

ganxorcielebis procesSi misTvis cnobili informaciis 

miwodeba sagamoZiebo struqturebisa da sasamarTlosTvis 

mTlianad mis keTilsindisierebazea damokidebuli, Tu is gadawyvets 

iyos mowme, mis mier klientis sawinaaRmdegod micemuli 

Cveneba iqneba kanonis dacviT mopovebuli mtkicebuleba, 

amasTanave, xsenebuli kanonebis 50-e da 38-e muxlebi koliziuria, 

Tu saproceso kanoni advokats uflebas utovebs misces 

Cveneba, advokatTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni gamoricxavs am 

SesaZleblobas. rogorc wesi, aseT SemTxvevaSi upiratesoba eni- 

Weba specialuri kanonis normas, Tumca sisxlis samarTlis procesis 

monawilisTvis saproceso kodeqsic aseTi rangis kanonia 

dara Tqma unda, saproceso kanonis 50-e muxlis arsebuli redaqciis 

miRebisas kanonmdebelma gaiTvaliswina advokatis mier 

Cvenebis micemis SesaZlebloba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi am pro-


fesiis damianebisaTvis privilegirebuli imunitetis SenarCuneba 

araviTar problemas ar warmoadgenda. 

vfiqrobT, aRniSnul cvlilebas SeuZlia praqtikaSi Zalian 

mZime Sedegi moitanos. profesiis miRma advokati `Cveulebrivi 

adamiania~, romelic sxvebze xSirad dgeba dilemis winaSe, 

sruliad bunebrivad klientis aRsarebam masSi SeiZleba uaryofiTi 

emociebi da siZulvilic ki gamoiwvios. arc Tu iSviaTad, 

masac SeiZleba gauCndes kiTxva, ratom unda daexmaros adamians, 

romelmac sastiki danaSauli Caidina da ar arsebobs misi mdgomareobis 

Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi. organom, romelic process 

awarmoebs, saxelmwifos xarjze advokati SeiZleba dauniSnos 

pirs, romlis dacvasac is Tavisi surviliT ar dasTanxmdeboda. 

kvalificiuri samarTlebrivi daxmarebis miRebis mizniT, 

klientisagan advokatisaTvis gamoZiebis dawyebamde SeiZleba 

gaxdes cnobili iseTi danaSauli an danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli 

garemoebebi, romelTa Sesaxebac im droisaTvis samarTaldamcavi 

organoebi aranair informacias ar floben, an saqmeze mopovebuli 

mtkicebulebebi ar aris sakmarisi pirisTvis bralis wasayeneblad. 

udaoa, rom aseT dros saadvokato saidumlos dacvis 

erTaderTi realuri garantia advokatisaTvis absoluturi 

imunitetis arsebobaa, rac niSnavs, rom Tuki klienti jiutad ar 

aRiarebs danaSaulis Cadenas an ar apirebs sisxlis samarTlis 

saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis miwodebas gamomZielblisaTvis/sasamarTlosTvis, 

misi daintereseba gamamarTlebeli 

ganaCenis gamotanaSi an naklebi bralis wardgenasa da Sesabamisad, 

naklebad mZime sasjelis gamotanaSi, savsebiT gamarTlebuli 

da kanonieria. kanoni ar avaldebulebs mas aRiaros dana- 

Sauli, an misces sakuTari Tavis sawinaaRmdego Cveneba, imisda 

miuxedavad, Tu ras fiqrobs mis Sesaxeb advokati, am ~sijiute- 

Si~ is uflebamosilia hqondes advokatisagan yovelmxrivi daxmarebis 

imedi, advokati ar SeiZleba iyos mtkicebulebis wyaro 

aranair ~gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi~ maSinac ki, rodesac is erTaderTia, 

vinc raime icis konkretul danaSaulze da maSinac, Tuki 

klienti uars ityvis misi momsaxurebiT sargeblobaze (risi 

uflebac mas samarTalwarmoebis nebismier stadiaze gaaCnia). 

vfiqrobT, procesis mwarmoebel organos ar unda hqondes aranairi 

berketi, moaxdinos advokatis mier maTTvis miwodebuli 

informaciis saproceso damagreba, rac saeWvoa, Tuki advokatis 

imuniteti kanonSi dRes arsebuli definiciiT darCeba. sakmarisia 

Tundac erTi SemTxveva, rom advokatma dacvis qveS myofis an 

masTan samarTlebrivi daxmarebisaTvis misuli adamianis interesebis 

sawinaaRmdegod imoqmedos, advokaturas, rogorc instituts, 

gamousworebeli ziani miadgba da safuZvlian eWvqveS 

dadgeba misi istoriul-samarTlebrivi Rirebuleba. 

sasuliero piris imuniteti. civilizaciis ganviTarebis 

67

68 


yvela etapze religia da religiuri samarTlis normebiudides 

gavlenas axdendnen sazogadoebis cxovrebasa da cnobierebaze, 

mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravdnen qveynebis politikur da 

ekonomikur mdgomareobas, saxelmwifosa da samarTlis prioritetul 

principebsa da mosaxleobis cxovrebis dones. 

rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba ganuyofel kav- 

SirSia aRsarebis saidumlosTan, romlis dacvac uzrunvelyofilia 

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis konstituciuri uflebiT, 

radgan aRsarebis saidumlo rogorc samarTlebrivi kategoria 

warmoadgens moqalaqis piradi cxovrebis saidumlos. 

aRsareba, anu Cadenil codvaTa sinanuliT gandoba moZRvrisaTvis 

(monanieba), ziarebis misaRebad, aris erT-erTi im 

Svid qristianul saidumloTagan, romelic Tavad qristem daadgina 

da romelsac rogorc xelSeuval saidumlos, cnobs yvela 

religiuri konfesia. 

oqtombris socialisturi revoluciis Semdeg, ruseTis imperiis 

mTels teritoriaze Camoyalibda aTeisturi saxelmwifo 

_ sabWoTa kavSiri, romelSic religia moiazreboda komunisturi 

moZRvrebis dauZinebel mtrad. revoluciis Semdgom pirvel 

aTwledSi, usastikesi brZola iqna gamocxadebuli sasuliero 

pirebis mimarT, daingra eklesiebi, gatacebuli da ganadgurebuli 

iqnasaeklesio qoneba. mogvianebiT, ssrk konstituciis 52- 

e muxliT (Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos ssr konstituciis 50-e muxliT), 

`sindisis Tavisufleba~ sabWoTa moqalaqis xelSeuval 

uflebad iqna aRsarebuli. ~sindisis Tavisufleba~ samoqalaqo 

terminia, masSi moiazreba adamianis ufleba, aRiarebdes religias 

an ar aRiarebdes araviTar religias, asrulebdes nebismier 

religiur kultebs. magram am droisaTvis eklesia, iseve, rogorc 

yvels sxva struqtura, mTlianad moeqca uSiSroebis organoTa 

interesebisa da gavlenis sferoSi. dRes ukve saidumlos 

aRar warmoadgens, rom sasuliero wodebis warmomadgenelTa 

umravlesoba Tavad iyo specsamsaxuris TanamSromeli. xSirad 

moZRvrisaTvis aRsarebis Cabareba igive iyo, rac Cvenebis micema 

samarTlebrivi organoebisaTvis, xolo sasuliero piri iseve 

isjeboda danaSaulis dafarvisaTvis, SeutyobineblobisaTvis, 

mowmis movaleobisagan Tavis aridebisaTvis, rogorc rigiTi moqalaqe. 

aseT samarTlebriv garemoSi eklesiam dakarga Tavisi 

statusi da daniSnuleba. 

aTeisturi epoqis dasrulebis Semdeg saqarTvelos eklesias 

daubrunda Tavisi mravalricxovani mrevli, `dRes saeklesio 

rolis zrdasTan erTad sul ufro meti adamiani midis 

moZRvarTan aRsarebis saTqmelad da codvaTa mosananieblad, 

gandobis Semdeg sasuliero pirebi SeiZleba gaxdnen danaSaulis 

Sesaxeb informaciis Tanamflobelni da nebsiT Tu uneblied 

moxdes maTi `CaTreva~ sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sferoSi, ami-


tom mniSvnelovania zustad ganisazRvros, Tu rogoria nebismieri 

aRmsareblobis sasuliero piris, rogorc sisxlis samar- 

Tlis procesis monawilis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba~. 1 

2002 wlis 14 oqtombers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZar- 

Si saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo, avtokefalur, 

marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris gaformda konstituciuri 

SeTanxmeba. aRniSnuli SeTanxmebis II muxlis ZaliT, 

saxelmwifo mxars uWers aRsarebisa da saeklesio saidumlos 

dacvas, sasuliero piri valdebulia ar gasces informacia, romelic 

mas, rogorc sulier moZRvars, gaandes an misTvis, rogorc 

sasuliero pirisaTvis, gaxda cnobili. 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 50-e muxliT, sasuliero 

pirs ufleba aqvs ar misces Cveneba im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, 

romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda aRsarebis an sxvagvarad 

gandobis SemTxvevaSi, saproceso kanonis aRniSnuli norma savsebiT 

samarTlianad ar Semoifargleba mxolod àRsarebis saidumloTi~ 

da igi moicavs im informaciasac, romelic sulac 

urwmuno adamianma SeiZleba gaandos sasuliero pirs ara codva- 

Ta misateveblad, aramed ubralod sulieri simSvidis mosapoveblad, 

Tumca rogorc vxedavT axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsiT, sasuliero imunitetmac dakarga absoluturi 

xasiaTi. 

Zveli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis 95-e muxli _ 

sasuliero pirs (iseve, rogorc advokats) aRWuravda privilegirebuli 

imunitetiT, rac TavisTavad gamoricxavda procesis 

mwarmoebeli organos mxridan sasuliero pirisagan informaciis 

miRebis mcdelobas, sasuliero piri ver iqneboda mtkicebulebis 

kanonieri wyaro, informacia ki ubralod, ver iqneboda 

gamoyenebuli sasurveli miznis misaRwevad. 

aRsarebis saidumlos Semcveli informacia sisxlis samar- 

Tlis miznebis misaRwevad kanonieri gziT SeiZleba mopovebuli 

iqnas or SemTxvevaSi, operatiul-samZebro saqmianobis ganmaxorcielebis 

gziT, vinaidan saqarTvelos kanoni operatiulsamZebro 

saqmianobis Sesaxeb ar krZalavs operatiul- samZebrmo 

moqmedebebis (magaliTad faruli mosmenis, Caweris) ganxorcielebas 

religiur-sakulto nagebobebSi da rogorc saproceso 

kodeqsis 50-e muxlis logika gvkaraxobs, Tu sasuliero piri gadawyvets 

misces Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebul 

im garemoebebze, romelic cnobili gaxda misTvis aRsarebis 

an sxvagvarad gandobis wyalobiT. 

unda aRiniSnos,rom sasuliero pirisgan Cvenebis miRebis 

mcdeloba sulac ar aris qarTuli sakanonmdeblo novacia, mec- 

1 g. mefariSvili. aRsarebis saidumlo, - marTlmsajulebis macne. 1994, 

gv. 7-8. 

69

70 


nierTa garkveuli jgufi miiCnevs, rom samarTlebriv da demokratiul 

saxelmwifoSi aravin, maT Soris arc sasuliero piri ar 

unda iyos SezRuduli ukiduresad dogmaturi kanoniT da survilis 

SemTxvevaSi, rogorc sruluflebian moqalaqes unda mieces 

Cvenebis micemis ufleba. 1 Tundac yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

faseulobebis xaTriT am mosazrebebs ver daveTanxmebiT, radgan 

igi ugulvebelyobs ara marto religiur aramed Tavad sisxlis 

samarTlis procesis moralur-zneobriv principebs. a. koni, 

ganixilavda ra saeklesio piris imunitets sisxlis samar- 

Tlis procesSi, werda: `mRvdeli, romelic hpirdeba monaniebas, 

rom ~RmerTi uxilavad mdgomi ismens mis aRsarebas~ Semdeg ki 

Seundobs mas codvebs RmerTisa saxeliT _ ar SeiZleba iyos 

mamxilebeli miwieri sasamarTlos winaSe, aseT dros danaSaulis 

gaxsnis SesaZleblobas da braleulobis dadgenas msxverplad 

ewireba amaRlebuli da gabrwyinebuli mniSvneloba aRsarebisa... 

kanoni aTasgzis marTalia maSinac, rodesac aRsarebis gamJRavnebiT 

ar aqcevs mas danaSaulis gamoZiebis iaraRad, is marTalia 

maSinac, rodesac krZalavs aRsarebis Sesaxeb raime SeekiTxos 

RvTismsaxurs da ar ixibleba SesaZleblobiT, moxerxebulad Semoifarglos 

mxolod aseTi Cvenebis mimcemisagan misi gaTavisuflebis 

daSvebiT~. 2 

samwuxaroa, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobam Tavi ver daaRwia 

udao mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis iseTi ioli gzis momxibvlelobas, 

rogorsac aRsarebis saidumlos gamJRavneba warmoadgens. 

imedia kanonmdeblismcdeloba, warmatebuli sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis 

interesidan gamomdinare, pirdapir an iribad 

Semouaros sasuliero piris dakiTxvis SeuZleblobis wess, 

mcdelobad darCeba da ar mogvecema saSualeba mowmis skamze sasuliero 

pirebi vixiloT. 

Tuki sasuliero piri miva im daskvnamde, rom aRsarebis saidumlos 

gamJRavneba xels Seuwyobs danaSaulis gaxsnas an daexmareba 

udanaSaulod braldebul adamians, maSin mas aqvs sruli 

ufleba, maT Soris moraluri, darwmunebisa da sulieri sasjelis 

ZaliT ganawyos damnaSave, rom man TviTon aRiaros Tavisi 

danaSauli ara marto aRsarebaSi, aramed samarTlebrivi organoebisa 

da sasamarTlos winaSec~. 3 yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi sasu- 

1 

М. В. Духовский. Русский уголовный процесс. Издание для студентов. М., 

1910, gv. 214; Т. М. Москалькова. Этика уголовно-процессуального 

доказывания. Стадия предварительного расследования. М. 1996, gv. 50. 

2 А. Ф. Кони. Нравственные начала в уголовном процессе, - wgn.: А. Ф. Кони. 

Избранные труды и речи. Учебное пособие. Тула. 2000, gv. 94. 

3 Г. Королев. Тайна исповеди в уголовном процессе, - Jurn.: Российская 

Юстиция. №2, 1995, gv. 30.


liero piris mier gakeTebuli `sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo 

arCevani~ unda iyos iuridiuli Zalis armqone, kanonis darRveviT 

mopovebuli mtkicebuleba. rogorc saeklesio, ise saxelmwifo 

kanonis normebiT, da am normebs Soris kolizia ar unda 

arsebobdes. sasuliero pirs ar SeiZleba hqondes ufleba, gaake- 

Tos arCevani aRsarebis saidumlosTan dakavSirebiT. 

jer kidev axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 

amoqmedebamdec ki, mowmis statusSi sasuliero piri ar sargeblobda 

absoluturi privilegiiT. sasuliero pirs mowmis movaleoba 

ekisreboda da ekisreba maSin, Tu cnobebi danaSaulis Sesaxeb 

misTvis cnobili gaxda ara aRsarebis an gandobis miRebisas, 

aramed raime sxva situaciaSi (mag: Tavad gaxda danaSaulis 

Semswre, SemTxveviT gaigo ori piris saubridan). am SemTxvevaSi 

sasuliero piri valdebulia misces Cveneba, rogorc mowmem, winaaRmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi mis mimarT dadgeba sisxlis samarTlis kanonis 

371 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis 

sakiTxi. sasuliero piris sisxlis samarTlis 

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi dadgeba iseTi danaSaulis dafarvis 

an Seutyobineblobis drosac, romlis detalebic misTvis cnobili 

iyo, magram ara aRsarebis an gandobis gamo (sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebebis 

SemTxvevaSi). 

vfiqrobT, ar aris marTebuli sasuliero piri, Tavisi Sinagani 

rwmenis sawinaaRmdegod, sasjelis muqariT gavxadoT iZulebuli, 

iyos mowme an ìTanamSromlos~ samarTaldamcav organoebTan. 

sasuliero piri mowmed SeiZleba dakiTxuli iyos mxolod 

maSin, Tu igi Tavad gamoTqvams survils (rac nakleb warmosadgenia), 

misces Cveneba sasamarTlos misTvis cnobil garemoebaTa 

Sesaxeb. 

sakanonmdeblo labirinTebma ki ar SeiZleba saTuod aqcios 

aRsarebisa da gandobis saidumlo da eWvi daTesos iq, sadac 

xSirad adamianis sindisis erTaderTi da ukanaskneli TavSesafaria. 

saeqimo (samedicino) imuniteti. profesiulad mindobil 

saidumloTa Soris saeqimo saidumlo erT-erTi mniSvnelovania. 

sakuTari profesiuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas eqimi mniSvnelovan 

informacias iReba pacientis piradi, ojaxuri, intimuri, 

yoveldRiuri cxovrebisa da saqmianobis sxvadasxva sferodan. 

aRniSnuli informacia SeiZleba miRebuli iqnas rogorc uSualod 

pacientis monaTxrobiT, anamnezi SegrovebiT, ise dakvirvebiT, 

gamokvleviT, analizebis pasuxebiT. eqimi valdebulia, 

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda, saidumlod 

Seinaxos aRniSnuli informacia da ar dauSvas misi gaxmaureba 

pacientis Tanxmobis gareSe rogorc mis sicocxleSi, 

ise gardacvalebis Semdeg. 

71


saeqimo (samedicino) saidumlos gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba 

aqvs pirovnebisaTvis. xSirad, adamianis janmrTelobis 

mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli informacia uSualod ukavSirdeba 

mis pativs, Rirsebasa da avtoritets sazogadoebaSi. amitom 

aRniSnuli informaciis konfidencialoba erTgvari garantiaa, 

romelic uzrunvelyofs moqalaqisaTvis moraluri zianis 

miyenebis Tavidan acilebas. 

msoflios samedicino asociacia dRemde myarad dgas saeqimo 

saidumlos àbsoluturobis~ poziciaze da miiCnevs, rom 

eqimi valdebulia yvela SemTxvevaSi usityvod Seinaxos misTvis 

mindobili saidumlo. 1 

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba aRiarebs da icavs `samedicino 

saidumlos~, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqis piradi cxovrebis 

xelSeuxeblobis konstituciuri uflebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan 

elements. 

ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRebuli 

iqna ramdenime mniSvnelovani kanoni, romliTac uzrunvelyo-filia 

pacientis mier eqimisaTvis gandobili, an mkurnalobis 

Sedegad miRebuli im konfidencialuri informaciis dacva, 

romlis gaxmaurebamac SeiZleba moraluri da materialuri ziani 

miayenos pacients. maT ricxvs mikuTvneba kanoni àdamianis 

imunodeficitis virusis infeqcia/Sidsze profilaqtikis Sesaxeb~, 

kanoniT àdamianis organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb~, kanoniT 

`fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb~, kanoniT `narkotikuli sa- 

Sualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekusorebis da 

narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoniT `saeqimo 

saqmianobis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoniT `pacientis uflebebis 

Sesaxeb~, aRniSnuli kanonebi adgenen mTel rig garantiebs 

romliTac regulirdeba saeqimo saidumlos dacvis reJimi 

rogorc pacientis sicocxleSi, ise misi sikvdilis Semdeg. aRniSnuli 

informaciis gansaidumloeba SeiZleba mxolod kanoniT 

pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi 

samedicino saidumlos Semcveli informaciis ukanono gamoyeneba 

an gavrceleba imis mier, visac profesiuli saqmianobis, 

samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis an sxva garemoebaTa gamo evaleboda 

am saidumlos dacva, warmoadgens saqarTvelos ssk (157- 

e) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSauls da iwvevs saidumlos 

xelmyofis sisxlis samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas.saeqimo saidumlos 

gansaidumloeba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis interesebis 

sasargeblos, pacientis Tanxmobis gareSe, kanonieri gziT 

SeiZleba moxdes mxolod or SemTxvevaSi: 

gamoZiebis, organoebis an sasamarTlosmoTxovniT; 

1 

Медицина и права человека. М. gv. 176. 

72


im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eqims safuZveli aqvs ivaraudos, rom 

moqalaqis janmrTelobas ziani miadga kanonsawinaaRmdego 

moqmedebis Sedegad. 

arsebobssamiprocesualurisaSualebasaeqimosaidumlos- 

Semcveliinformaciisdasadgenad: 

medicinis muSakis dakiTxva mowmed; 

eqimisaTvis sasamarTlo-samedicino an sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli 

eqspertizi sCatarebis davaleba; 

samedicino dokumentebis (avadmyofisistoriis, labortoriuli 

analizispasuxebis, rentgenissuraTebis da sxv.) 

daTvaliereba da amoReba. 

rogorc vxedavT, saqarTveloSi arsebobs sakmaod realuri 

sakanonmdeblo baza `samedicinosaidumlos~ dacvis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, 

magram radikalurad icvleba midgoma rogorc 

ki saqme sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebis ganxorcielebas 

Seexeba. saeqimo saidumlos Senaxvis movaleoba da saeqimo imunitetic 

mxolod `sasamarTlo darbazebis zRurblamde~ 1 arsebobs, 

mowme ki realurad Crdilavs eqims marTlmsajulebis winaSe. 

faqtebs adamianis piradi cxovrebis sferodan, romelic- 

Cveulebriv pirobebSi saeqimo saidumlos warmoadgenen, SeiZleba 

uaRresad didi mniSvneloba hqondes sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis 

mniSvnelovan faqtobriv garemoebaTa dasadgenad. 

mag.: aiv/Sidsis infeqciis an sxva gansakuTrebiT saSiSi infeqciuri 

daavadebis ganzrax Seyris (sskmuxli 131-132-e) Sem- 

TxvevaSi aucilebelia dadgindes, icoda Tu ara braldebulma, 

rom iyo aRniSnuli virusis (infeqciis) matarebeli, mimarTavda 

Tu ara eqims, ra diagnozi iyo misTvis dasmuli. ukanono abortis 

saqmeze mniSvnelovania dadgindes, rogori iyo nayofis an 

dedis gamokvlevis Sedegi, gafrTxilebuli iqna Tu ara pacienti 

mosalodnel Sedegze. 

samedicino saidumlosgan saidumloebis aucilebloba 

dgeba agreTve, moulodnel an gaurkvevel viTarebaSi damdgari 

sikvdilisas. aseT dros aucilebelia dadgindes, namdvilad 

damdgaria Tu ara biologiuri sikvdili, xom ar aqvs adgili 

mkvlelobas, samedicino saidumlos gamJRavneba xSirad mniSvnelovan 

informacias iZleva braldebulis fsiqikur da fizikur, 

mis socialur da ojaxur mdgomareobaze, rac SeiZleba danaSaulis 

Cadenis mizezs warmoadgendes. aseT dros sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saqmeze faqtobriv garemoebaTa dadgenisaTvis erT-erTi 

da xSirad erTaderT saSualebas swored eqimisagan Cvenebis mi- 

1 И. Я.Фойницкий. Курс уголовного судопроизводства. В двух томах. Т.2. СПб. 

1997, gv. 268. 

73


Reba da samedicino dokumentaciis (avadmyofis istoria, ambulatoriuli 

baraTebis) amoReba da Semowmeba warmoadgens. eqimi 

valdebulia mosamarTlis ganCinebis safuZvelze samarTaldamcvel 

organoebs gadasces dokumentacia konkretuli piris janmrTelobis 

Sesaxeb, agreTve misces Cveneba da miawodos saqmismwarmoebel 

organos sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani 

is cnobebi, romelsac flobs Tavisi profesiuli saqmianobidan 

gamomdinare. 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT saeqimo imuniteti 

mxolod kanonis dekoraciaa, eqimi (samedicino personali), SeiZleba 

mowmis movaleobisgan da Sesabamisad profesiuli saidumlos 

ganTqmisgan gaTavisufldes mxolod mosamarTlis ganCinebis 

safuZvelze, obieqturad mowmis imunitetis es forma Tavidanve 

iyo mkvdradSobili da Sesabamisad, erTxelac ar yofila 

realizebuli praqtikaSi, amitom sisxlis samarTlis procesSi 

saeqimo imunitetze saubari Tavis motyuebaa. eqimze yovelgvari 

imunitetisa da privilegiebis gareSe vrceldeba kanoniT dawesebuli 

mowmis movaleobebi. arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis 

SemTxvevaSi, igi SeiZleba moyvanili iqnas iZulebiT (mux. 

176-e). Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma, misTvis Tavis arideba, agreTve 

cru Cvenebis micema iwvevs eqimis (sxva samedicino piris) 

sisxlissamarTl pasuxismgeblobas. eqimi SeiZleba dakiTxuli 

iqnas nebismier im garemoebaTa gamo, romelic ramenair kavSirSi 

SeiZleba iyos konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan (pirovnebis, 

misi piradi, ojaxuri, intimuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb). yvela 

profesias gaaCnia Tavisi moralur-eTikuri principebi, ra Tqma 

unda, profesiuli imunitetebis wris gafarToeba da àbsolutizacia~ 

udaod gamoiwvevs mtkicebulebaTa bazis Seviwroebas, 

magram, vfiqrobT, angariSgasawevia im mecnierTa azri, romlebic 

Tvlian, rom Tavisi specifikuri bunebidan gamomdinare, saeqimo 

saidumlos gamJRavnebis moTxovnis ufleba, procesis 

mwarmoebel organos (Tanamdebobis pirs) unda hqondes mxolod 

mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis niSnebis arsebobisas. 

profesiuli eTikis normebisa da principebis dacvisaTvis, 

vfiqrobT, aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens, rom sasamarTlom 

gaaTavisuflos eqimi ara marto mowmis movaleobisagan, aramed, 

aucilebel SemTxvevaSi, misTvis mindobili saeqimo saidumlos 

Senaxvis movaleobisaganac. 

daskvna. mowmis imuniteti, rogorc profesiuli saidumlosa 

da sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aradozirebuli sajaroobisgan 

braldebulis (masTan kavSirSi myofi pirebis) samarTlebrivi 

dacvis mniSvnelovani meqanizmi, arsebobda kacobriobis 

ganviTarebis yvela stadiaze. samarTlebriv sivrceSi am insti- 

74


tutis warmoSobasa da mis sicocxlisunarianobas safuZvlad 

moqalaqeebsa da garkveuli profesiis, Tanamdebobis da statusis 

mqone pirTa Soris arsebuli urTierTobebis konfidencialuri 

xasiaTi udevs, am urTierTobaTa Sedegad miRebuli informaciis 

maRali standartiT dacvaze, rogorc yoveldRiur 

cxovrebaSi, ise sisxlis samarTlis procesis mimdinareobisas 

damokidebulia ara marto maTi mflobeli pirebis, aramed im saxelmwifo 

da profesiuli institutebis avtoriteti, romelsac 

konkretul situaciaSi es pirebi warmoadgenen. 

zogadad, mowmis imuniteti, samarTlebriv sivrceSi gadmotanili 

moralur-eTikuri normebia, misi daSvebiT, profesiuli 

eTikisTvis prioritetis miniWebis gziT, kanonmdebeli garkveulwilad 

uars ambobs mtkicebulebis wyarod aqcios zogier- 

Ti profesiis mflobeli pirebi da sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis 

muqariT aiZulos isini sisxlis samarTlis procesis 

miznebis misaRwevad ganTqvan maTTvis mindobili informacia.magram 

rogorc saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo bazis analizi 

gviCvenebs dispoziciurois principi am SemTxvevaSi SezRudulad 

moqmedebs da sulac ar aris SeuZlebeli am pirTa mowmis 

rangSi xilva. upirvelesad, dRes arsebuli mkacri sisxlis samarTlebrivi 

politikis prioritetulobis pirobebSi saerTod 

ufunqcioa mowmis imunitetis mflobelTa is kategoria romelsac 

mowmis movaleobisgan SeiZleba sasamarTlom gaanavisuflos, 

qarTuli telesivrcisTvis Tvalyuris midevnebac sakmarisia 

imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom samedicino, sabanko Tu sanitaro 

saidumlo daucvelia aramarto sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, 

aramed yoveldRiur realobaSi, telekamerasTan mdgomi eqimebi 

ise uSurvelad gascemen pacientTa diagnozebs, xolo JurnalistebisTvis 

imdenad martivad xelmisawvdomia maTi interesis 

sferoSi moxvedril adamianTa sabanko angariSebi, finansuri 

mdgomareoba da valdebulebebi, rom saeWvoa aqvT ki am adamianebs 

survili Teoriulad mainc imyofebodnen Tundac SezRuduli 

profesiuli imunitetis mfarvelobis qveS. 

imisTvis, rom mowmis imunitetis institutma avtoriteti 

SeinarCunos, zogierT profesiasTan mimarTebaSi ki ubralod 

SeiZinos, aucilebelia momqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsSi absoluturi privilegirebulobiT aRdges garkveul 

profesiaTa mflobeli pirebis mowmed dakiTxvis SeuZleblobis 

wesi, xolo SezRuduli imuniteti unda moqmedebdes im pirebze 

romelTa mier Cvenebis micemac dRes mosamarTlis keTil nebazea 

damokidebuli, amasTan imunitetis SezRudva unda niSnavdes 

mosamarTlis mier maTTvis imunitetiT sargeblobis privilegiebis 

moxsnas maSin, rodesac mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi ar 

aris sakmarisi saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad da arsebobs dasabuTebuli 

varaudi, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznis 

75


misaRwevad aucilebeli informacia mxolod am pirisTvis aris 

cnobili. ra Tqma unda, ucvlelad unda darCes ojaxis wevrisa 

da axlo naTesavis ufleba, Tavad gadawyvitos misces Tu ara 

Cveneba sasamarTlos. 

TEA SHAKULASHVILI 

WITNESS IMMUNITY PROBLEMS IN CRIMINAL LAW PROCESS 

The article discusses witness immunity institution and the problems of 

the users of those privileges in the criminal justice process based on the examples 

of the legal, medical and religious personnel immunity. Those problems are 

caused by the amendments in the new Criminal Procedure Law, article #50. Unfortunately, 

due to the interest of strict criminal justice policy the new code “failed” 

to refuse obtaining the evidence by simple, but unethical opportunity to interrogate 

persons, possessing professional secrets, as witnesses. 

Witness immunity in professional secret and criminal procedure is an important 

mechanism of legal protection from overdose publicity for the defendant 

(and his allies), based on the confidential nature of relations between the citizens 

and the people of a certain profession, position and status. High standard 

protection of the gained information in everyday life, as well as in the criminal 

justice processes stipulates the authority not only individual owners, but the state 

and professional institutions, represented by these persons in certain situations. 

76


paata kobalaZe 

prokuroris uari braldebaze 

- funqcia Tu disfunqcia 

axalma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsma, romelic 

amoqmedda 2010 wlis 1 oqtombridan, mraval inovaciur normas- 

Tan erTad (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs nafic msajulTa instituti, 

dazaralebulis axali statusi, mowmis gansxvavebuli uflebebi, 

sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis gansxvavebuli procedurebi 

da sxv.) garkveuli cvlilebebi Seitana prokuroris uflebamisilebebSic, 

rac gamoixata, upirveles yovlisa, sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi devnis diskreciulobaSi. 

garkveul wilad, siaxle prokuroris erT-erT mTavar funqcias 

— sasamarTloSi saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWerasac Seexo, 

romelsac igi eqskluziurad axorcielebs saxelmwifos saxeliT, 

saxelmwifos mier miniWebuli (aRWurvili) uflebamosilebiT 

da saxelmwifosave interesebidan gamomdinare. 

saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWeris funqciaSi moiazreba 

prokuroris mier braldebaze uaris Tqmac, romelic Taviseburi, 

metad specifikuri saproceso institutia; igi Sedgeba garkveuli 

saproceso moqmedebebisagan, romelTa erToblioba 

prokuroris im saqmianobis struqturas qmnis, romelic arsebuli 

mtkicebulebiTi masalis Sefasebis safuZvelze uaryofs sasamarTloSi 

gansasjelis mimarT formulirebuli braldebis 

safuZvlianobas, gamoxatavs uaryofiT pozicias braldebis 

mxardaWerisadmi, xorcieldeba garkveuli motivebiTa da mosazrebebiT 

da iwvevs mTel rig samarTlebriv Sedegebs. 

prokuroris saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba pirveli 

instanciis sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas, 

rogorc iTqva, saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWeraa, ra drosac 

igi xelmZRvanelobs kanonis moTxovniT da Tavisi Sinagani 

rwmeniT, romelic emyareba sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas gamokvleul 

mtkicebulebebs. magram Tu prokurori darwmundeba, rom 

sasamarTloSi gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebi aRar adastureben 

braldebas, igi valdebulia uari Tqvas braldebis mxardaWeraze. 

prokuroris es movaleoba dadgenili iyo saqarTvelos winamorbedi 

(1998w. 20 Tebervlis) sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis 24-e, 57-e, 446-e muxlebiT. 

axali (2009w. 9 oqtombris) sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsis 250-e muxlis I nawili ukve aRar adgens braldebaze uaris 

Tqmis valdebulebas, aramed prokurors aRWurvavs aseTis 

uflebamosilebiT, rac aSkarad ukanonoa da ewinaaRmdegeba 

`prokuraturis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos 2008 wlis 21 oqtombris 

organuli kanonis iv muxlis à~ da `b~ punqtebiT ganmtkicebul, 

77


prokuraturis saqmianobis or umniSvnelovanes princips — kanonierebas, 

agreTve fizikuri piris (am SemTxvevaSi, gansasjelis) 

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas. 

axal saproceso kodeqsSi mocemuli zemoaRniSnuli normis 

mcdaroba da usamarTloba imaSi gamoixateba, rom sityva 

`valdebulebis~ amoReba normidan prokurors saSualebas miscems, 

mxari dauWiros aSkarad ukanono braldebas, radac ar unda 

daujdes, amtkicos sasamarTloSi gansasjelis braleuloba 

im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca xelT ar aqvs saTanado mtkicebulebebi 

da sasamarTlo ganxilvis monacemebiT gansasjeli sruliad 

udanaSauloa (!). 

xsenebuli normis amgvari formulireba veranair kritikas 

ver uZlebs da igi aucileblad unda Seicvalos. 

braldebis mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmis subieqti SeiZleba 

iyos mxolod is prokurori, romelic uSualod uWerda mxars am 

braldebas sasamarTloSi (saxelmwifo bralmdebeli). 

braldebaze nawilobriv uaris Tqmisas prokurori uaryofs 

ward-genili da sasamarTloSi gansasjelis mimarT wamoyenebuli 

braldebis romelime punqts, nawils, epizods. am Sem- 

TxvevaSi braldeba ar qreba, ar xdeba sruli likvidacia saproceso-samarTlebrivi 

gagebiT; xdeba mxolod misi koreqtireba. 

rac Seexeba srul (mTlian) uars braldebaze, am SemTxveva- 

Si prokurori mTlianad uaryofs braldebas, axdens misi mTeli 

moculobis usafuZvlobis dadasturebas da wyvets mis mxarda- 

Weras, Sesabamisad ki, Tavis sabraldebo moRvaweobas sasamar- 

TloSi. 

braldebis faqtiur safuZvels Seadgenen mtkicebulebebi, 

romelTa meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia piris mxileba, am mtkicebulebaTa 

erToblioba ki, `saxelmwifo bralmdeblis saqmianobis 

sawyisi punqtia, placdarmaa, romelzec igeba braldebis funqcia~; 

1 meore sakiTxia am mtkicebulebebisadmi prokuroris midgoma, 

maTi Sefaseba im mizniT, rom isini umcires eWvsac ki ar unda 

tovebdnen piris braleulobaSi. esaa prokuroris saqmianobis 

azrobrivi, logikuri procesi, Sinagani rwmena imisa, rom 

saqmeSi moipoveba sando, utyuari, sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi 

braldebis samtkiceblad. aseTi rwmeniT igi iwyebs braldebis 

funqciis ganxorcielebas sasamarTloSi. 

prokuroris Sinagani rwmena gansasjelis braleulobis Sesaxeb 

SeiZleba Seiryes sasamarTlo gamoZiebis procesSi, Tuki 

Seicvala faqtiuri baza, safuZveli prokuroris braldebasTan 

damokidebulebisa, e.i. arsebuli mtkicebulebebis garda warmodgenilia 

sxva mtkicebulebebic, romlebic axleburad xsnian 

1 

В. М. Савицкий. Государственное обвинение в суде. М., 1971, gv. 193-194. 

78


saqmis garemoebebs, anda zogierTi arsebuli mamxilebeli mtkicebuleba 

ar aRmoCnda utyuari an dasaSvebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi 

SesaZlebelia myari rwmenis nacvlad gaCndes eWvi, varaudi mas- 

Tan mimarTebaSi, an sulac diametralurad sawinaaRmdego mdgomareoba 

— udanaSaulobis rwmena, ra drosac prokurori valdebulia 

uari Tqvas braldebis mxardaWeraze, gamomdinare udana- 

Saulobis prezumfciis principuli debulebidan — yovelgvari 

eWvi, romelic ar dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda 

gadawydes gansasjelis sasargeblod (saqarTvelos sssk X muxlis 

IV nawili). yvelaze naTlad, mkafiod Sinagani rwmenis Secvla 

vlindeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca prokurori mTlianad ityvis 

uars braldebis mxardaWeraze. am dros gansasjelis braleulobis 

Sesaxeb Sinagan rwmenas cvlis braldebis dausabuTeblobis 

rwmena, roca ar arsebobs sakmarisi mamxilebeli mtkicebulebebi, 

zogjer ki — sruliad sawinaaRmdego — udanaSaulobis rwmena, 

rac Zirfesvianad gansxvavdeba prokuroris sawyisi funqciisa 

da poziciisagan. aseT SemTxvevaSi braldebis mtkicebis nacvlad 

man unda daasabuTos, Tu ratom araa mtkicebulebani sakmarisi 

piris samxelad, anda unda amtkicos gansasjelis sruli 

udanaSauloba misTvis wayenebul braldebaSi. 

mizezebi, rac iwvevs braleulobis Sesaxeb Tavdapirveli 

rwmenis Secvlas, sxvadasxvaa: 

— pirvel rigSi, esaa prokuroris mier adre daSvebuli 

Secdoma winaswari gamoZiebis mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis 

Sefasebisas. 

— meore mizezi SeiZleba iyos arasruli, calmxrivi, araobieqturi 

winaswari gamoZieba, romlis Sevseba ver moxerxda sasamarTlo 

gamoZiebis procesSi da gansasjels wardgenili 

braldeba aRar udasturdeba. 

— mesame mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes sruliad axali, adre gamoukvleveli 

garemoebebi, romlebic gamoaSkaravda sasamarTlo 

gamoZiebis dros, romlebic sxvagvarad afaseben momxdar faqts, 

mianiSneben sruliad sawinaaRmdego movlenebze da ~amsxvreven~ 

braldebis mTel sistemas. 

zemoTCamoTvlili mizezebi — esaa mxolod faqtobrivi safuZvlebi, 

romlebic ganapirobeben prokuroris mier braldebaze 

uaris Tqmas, magram maT unda miiRon iuriduli xasiaTi, aisaxon 

saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi im normebis saxiT, romlebic 

gamoricxaven sisxlis samarTalwarmoebas, e.i. iwveven gamamar- 

Tlebeli ganaCenis gamotanas an sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sewyvetas 

(saqarTvelos axali sssk 105-e muxliT dadgenili safuZvlebi). 

swored amitom, iuridiul literaturaSi prokuroris mier 

braldebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebs yofen 3 jgufad: 1) samarTlebrivi 

— samarTlis is normebi, romlebic adgenen sis- 

79


xlis samarTalwarmoebis gamomricxav garemoebebs; 2) faqtiuri 

— mtkicebulebiTi masala, romelic miuTiTebs braldebis daudastureblobasa 

Tu usafuZvlobaze; 3) fsiqologiuri — kanonis 

moTxovnebze da mtkicebulebebis erTobliobaze damyarebuli 

Sinagani rwmenis ararseboba gansasjelis braleulobis Sesaxeb. 

1 

sasamarTloSi prokuroris sabraldebo saqmianobis Sewyvetis, 

e.i. saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWeris funqciis likvidaciis 

forma erTaderTi SeiZleba iyos — prokuroris mier 

mTlianad (mTeli moculobiT) uaris Tqma braldebis mxardaWeraze. 

aseve, sasamarTlos mier miRebuli saproceso gadawyvetileba, 

axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 250-e muxlis 

I nawilis Tanaxmad, erTaderTi formiT SeiZleba gamoixatos 

— sasamarTlom ganCinebiT unda Sewyvitos saqme (sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

devna). 2 

amasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom ver daveTanxmebiT 

kanonmdeblis calsaxad formulirebul aseT moTxovnas, 

rom prokuroris mier braldebaze uaris Tqmis yvela SemTxveva- 

Si, miuxedavad uaris Tqmis safuZvlisa, sasamarTlo wyvets saqmes. 

Cemi azriT, aRniSnul muxlSi unda Sevides cvlilebebi, rac 

daakanonebs sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis or 

procesualur formas — gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanas (im 

SemTxvevaSi, roca ar arsebobs danaSaulebrivi qmedeba, an igi ar 

aris marTlsawinaaRmdego, an pirs ar miuRwevia sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asakisaTvis — e.w. mareabilitirebeli 

safuZvlebi) da saqmis Sewyvetas (sssk 105-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul 

yvela danarCen SemTxvevaSi), e.i. mniSvneloba unda 

mieniWos imas, Tu ra safuZvliT ganacxada braldebaze uari 

prokurorma. 

prokuroris uari braldebaze ar unda gavaigivoT mxolod 

im SemTxvevebTan, roca `prokurori mivida udanaSaulobis daskvnamde~, 

anda `dadginda gansasjelis udanaSauloba~. isic sakmarisia, 

rom man dakargos rwmena gansasjelis braleulobis Sesaxeb, 

Seecvalos rwmena varaudebiT, eWvebiT, daurwmuneblobiT, 

meryeobiT, rac gansasjelisadmi wayenebuli braldebis daudastureblobas 

niSnavs da yovelgvari eWvi unda gadawydes mis 

sasargeblod. magram aq erTi garemoebaa gasaTvaliswinebeli — 

saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da sruli gamokvlevis 

principidan gamomdinare, prokurorma unda gamoiyenos 

1 

ufro dawvrilebiT ix.: В. С. Зеленецкий. Отказ прокурора от 

государственного обвинения. Учебное пособие. Харьков, 1979, gv. 70-76; В. М. 

Савицкий. Государственное обвинение в суде, gv. 203-207. 

2 aqve aRvniSnavT, rom miTiTebuli safuZvlebis dawvrilebiTi ganxilva 

scildeba mocemuli Sromis formats. 

80


misTvis miniWebuli yvela saSualeba am eWvebis gasafantavad, 

guldasmiT gamoikvlios da analizi gaukeTos yvela mtkicebulebas 

cal-calke da erTobliobaSi imis dasadgenad, ganicada 

Tu ara (da konkretulad ra) cvlileba braldebam sasamarTlo 

gamoZiebisas, miiRos yvela kanonieri zoma arsebuli mamxilebeli 

mtkicebulebebis gasamyareblad, axali mtkicebulebebis mosaZieblad 

da warmosadgenad. magram Tu es SeuZlebelia da mis 

xelT arsebuli mtkicebulebiTi masala aRaraa sakmarisi gansasjelis 

braleulobis samtkiceblad, xolo prokurorma yvela 

SesaZleblobebi amowura braldebis Tezisis samtkiceblad, — 

uari unda Tqvas braldebaze da es uari mxolod aseT pirobebSi 

iqneba gamarTlebuli, pozitiuri da dasabuTebuli. 

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom braldebaze uaris Tqmis Sem- 

TxvevaSic ki, prokurori inarCunebs saxelmwifo bralmdeblis 

statuss, misi procesualuri mdgomareoba ucvleli rCeba, vinaidan 

mTeli misi Semdgomi saqmianoba — esaa braldebaze uaris 

Tqmis sisworis, safuZvlianobis dasabuTeba. 1 aseT mosazrebas 

ver gaviziarebT, radgan braldebis funqciis ganxorcieleba 

gulisxmobs saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWeras, rogorc saqmianobis 

ZiriTad mimarTulebas, xolo Tuki prokurori saxelmwifo 

braldebis mxardaWeraze uars ganacxadebs, TavisTavad ispoba 

es funqciac, rogorc prokuroris saqmianobis ZiriTadi 

mimarTuleba sasamarTloSi. prokurori Tavisive funqciis likvidacias 

axdens da igi rCeba yovelgvari funqciis gareSe. 

ganacxadebs ra uars braldebis mxardaWeraze da daasabu- 

Tebs ra mis safuZvlianobas, prokurori am momentidan gvevlineba 

sasamarTlo darbazSi myofi Cveulebrivi msmenelis rolSi, 

romelsac araviTari funqcia ar gaaCnia da Sesabamisad, arc movaleobebi 

aRar ekisreba. aseT pirobebSi igi procesis monawilis 

statusiT aRar sargeblobs. amdenad, saubaric aRar SeiZleba 

prokuroris mier am mimarTebiT raime funqciis ganxorcielebaze. 

am situaciaSi saxezea ara saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWeris 

funqcia, aramed misi sawinaaRmdego pozicia, e.i. disfunqcia. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT samarTlianad aRniSnavs v. zelenecki, 

rom Tuki braldebis formulireba da wamoyeneba prokurors 

saxelmwifo bralmdeblis statuss aniWebs, maSin logikuria, 

rom braldebis mxardaWeraze uari mas ukargavs am statuss. 

igive azrs iziareben sxvebic. 2 

1 В. М. Савицкий. Государственное обвинение в суде, gv. 220-222. 

2 В. С. Зеленецкий. Отказ прокурора от государственного обвинения, gv. 98; Б. 

А. Галкин. Советский уголовно-процессуальный закон. М., 1962, gv. 185; Г. Н. 

Агеева. О процессуальном положении прокурора в судебном разбирательстве, – 

«Учёные записки Всеюзного юридического заочного института». Вып. VI. М., 

1958, gv. 124. 

81


davas iwvevs sakiTxi, Tu ra momentSi SeuZlia prokurors, 

gaakeTos gancxadeba braldebis mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 

mecnierTa erTi nawili Tvlis, rom saamisod mxareTa kamaTi 

yvelaze xelsayreli momentia. Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, roca 

braldebis dausabuTebloba cxadi xdeba sasamarTlo gamoZiebis 

dasrulebamdec, Tundac sxdomis sawyis etapze (magaliTad, pasuxismgeblobis 

dadgomisaTvis saWiro asakis miuRwevloba) da 

sasamarTlo gamoZiebis Semdgomi warmoeba saWiro aRaraa. amitom 

prokurors ufleba unda hqondes, braldebaze uari ganacxados 

sasamarTlo ganxilvis nebismier momentSi. 1 meore nawili 

samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom braldebaze uaris Tqma SesaZlebelia 

mxareTa kamaTSi, mxolod sasamarTlo gamoZiebis damTavrebis 

Semdeg, roca gamokvleuli iqneba yvela mtkicebuleba. 2 

am mosazrebasac savsebiT viziarebT Semdegi argumentebiT: 

konkretuli moyvanili magaliTis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSia 

misaRebi is garemoeba, rom winaswar gamoZiebas ar SeiZleboda 

ar hqonoda garkveuli mtkicebulebebi, romlebic miuTiTebdnen 

im faqtze, rom braldebuli miRweulia im asaks, romlidanac 

dgeba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba; winaaRmdeg Sem- 

TxvevaSi mas braldebas ver wauyenebdnen da prokurori sabraldebo 

daskvnac ar Seadgenda. sasamarTlo ganxilvis sawyis etapze 

dacvis mxaris mier warmodgenili raime cnoba, dokumenti an 

sxva mtkicebuleba gansasjelis asakTan dakavSirebiT, romelic 

saeWvos xdis winaswari gamoZiebis mier mopovebul mtkicebulebebs, 

mainc saWiroebs detalur gamokvlevas maTi utyuarobis, 

sandoobis mimarTebiT, gansasjelisa da mowmeebis dakiTxvebs, 

saTanado eqspertizis wesiT dokumentis gamokvlevas da a.S. xo- 

1 

Я. О. Мотовиловкер. Вопросы дальнейшего совершенствования уголовно-процессуального 

законодательствa. Томск, 1966, gv. 59-60; В. М. Савицкий. 

Государственное обвинение в суде, gv. 223-224; Научно-практический 

комментарий уголовно-процессуального кодекса РСФСР. Под редакцией Л. Н. 

Смирнова. М., 1970, gv. 308; Л. Д. Кокорев. Судебное разбирательство, – 

Уголовный процесс РСФСР. Под редакцией В. Е. Чугунова и Л. Д. Кокорева. 

Воронеж, 1968, gv. 268. 

2 

a. faliaSvili. saprokuroro zedamxedveloba ssr kavSirSi. Tb., 1970, 

gv. 194; А. Г. Халиулин. Уголовное преследование как функция прокуратуры 

Российской Федерации. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора 

юридических наук. М., 1997, gv. 216-217; В. Г. Лебединский, Ю. А. Каленов. 

Прокурорский надзор в СССР. М., 1957, gv. 163; В. Д. Финько. Прокурор в 

судебном разбирательстве уголовных дел. Харьков, 1965, gv. 16; Научнопрактический 

комментарий к уголовно-процессуальному кодексу РСФСР. Под 

редакцией В. М. Лебедева. М., 1997, gv. 411 (248-e muxlis komentaris 

avtoria v. b. aleqseevi); Прокурорский надзор в Российской Федерации. Под 

редакцией А. А. Чувилева. М., 1999, gv.243, da sxv. 

82


lo am moqmedebebis Catareba SesaZlebelia mxolod sasamarTlo 

gamoZiebis Semdgom etapebze, ris Sedegadac unda moxdes yvela 

urTierTsawinaaRmdego monacemis Sejereba da Sefaseba. mxolod 

sasamarTlo gamoZiebis damTavrebis Semdeg SeiZleba mivides 

prokurori im rwmenamde, rom gamokvleuli da Semowmebulia 

yvela mtkicebuleba, xolo maTi Sefasebis Semdeg aSkaraa, 

rom braldebaze uari unda iTqvas. 

iuridiul literaturaSi araa erTiani azri Camoyalibebuli 

imasTan dakavSirebiT, valdebulia Tu ara sasamarTlo Sewyvitos 

saqmis warmoeba prokuroris mier braldebis mxardaWeraze 

uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT gamoTqmulia aqvs mosazreba, rom 

roca prokurori braldebas mxars aRar uWers, qreba davis sagani, 

xolo aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvis 

gagrZeleba da gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotana niSnavs, rom 

sasamarTlom àaRorZina~ braldeba, anulirebuli prokuroris 

mier, e.i. sasamarTlo sabraldebo funqcias Tavis Tavze iRebs; 

aqedan gamomdinare v. savicki gvTavazobs erTaderT gamosavals: 

saWiroa sakanonmdeblo wesiT dadgindes, rom prokuroris mier 

braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom Sewyvitos 

saqmis warmoeba an gamoitanos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni. 1 daaxloebiT 

aseTive Sinaarsobriv midgomas uWeren mxars n. polianski, 

p. lupinskaia da s. kasatkina, gamomdinare Tezisidan, rom 

`mosamarTles ara aqvs ufleba, gascdes mxareTa moTxovnebs~. 2 

zemoTnaxsenebi Tvalsazrisi, prokuroris mier braldebaze 

uaris Tqmis ganacxadis sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebulo Zalis 

miniWebis Sesaxeb, — samarTlianadaa gakritikebuli mecnier-procesualistebis 

mier, rogorc miuRebeli da dausabuTebeli, 

kerZod: 

prof. S. fafiaSvili samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom sasamar- 

Tlos davaldebulebiT saqmis ganxilvis Sewyvetis Taobaze, pro- 

1 

ix.: В. М. Савицкий. Очерк теории прокурорского надзора в уголовном 

судопроизводстве. М., 1975, gv. 359-378; В. М. Савицкий. Отказ прокурора от 

обвинения, — Jurn.: «Советское государство и право». №5, 1971, gv. 103-108; 

В. М. Савицкий. Процесcуальные последствия отказа от обвинения, — Jurn.: 

«Правоведение». №1, 1972, gv. 70-79. 

2 Н. Н. Полянский. К вопросу о юридической природе обвинения перед судом, — 

Jurn.: «Правоведение». №1, 1960, gv. 109; С. А. Касаткина. Последствия отказа 

прокурора от обвинения в суде, – Государство и право на рубеже веков. 

Материалы всероссийской конференции. Криминология, уголовное право, 

судебное право. М., 2001, gv. 234; Уголовно-процессуальное право Российской. 

Под редакцией П. А. Лупинской. М., 2001, gv. 384; А. Г. Халиулин. Уголовное 

преследование как функция прокуратуры Российской Федерации. Диссертация на 

соискание ученой степени доктора юридических наук. М., 1997, gv. 217-218. 

83


kuroris mier braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, prokurori 

iWreba marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis sferoSi da iTvisebs 

sasamarTlos funqciebs. sasamarTlom, rogorc marTlmsajulebis 

ganmxorcielebelma erTaderTma organom, bolomde unda eZios 

WeSmariteba, mas unda mieces ufleba, Seuferxeblad gaagrZelos 

saqmis ganxilva da mtkicebulebebis amomwuravi gamokvleviT 

uzrunvelyos swori, samarTliani ganaCenis gamotana. msgavs 

marTebul mosazrebebs gvTavazobs r. gogSeliZec. 1 

prof. a. faliaSvili dasabuTebulad uTiTebs, rom prokuroris 

mosazreba, daskvna, Suamdgomloba ar atarebs sasamar- 

TlosaTvis savaldebulo xasiaTs, sasamarTlo valdebulia 

mxolod ganixilos prokuroris mier dayenebuli yvela sakiTxi 

da gadawyvitos ise, rogorc sasamarTlos miaCnia sworad da dasabuTebulad. 

2 

i. gabisonias azriT, braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi 

sasamarTlos mier saqmis Sewyvetis kodeqsismieri (saubaria saqarTvelos 

sssk 205-e muxlze, — p.k.) imperatiuli moTxovna samarTlian 

SeniSvnebs iwvevs, radgan eWvqveS dgeba mosamarTlis 

damoukideblobis sakiTxi erT-erTi mxaris moTxovnis savaldebuloobiT 

misi SeboWvis gamo. 3 analogiur mosazrebebs gamoTqvamen 

a. zozulinski, v. zelenecki, v. afanasievi, o. motovilovkeri, 

v. kobzari, b. meurmiSvili da sxvebi. 4 

1 S. fafiaSvili. sisxlis samarTlis saqmisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

devnis aRZvris problema sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. Tb., 1999, gv. 

29-31; sisxlis samarTlis procesi. saxelmZRvanelo. a. fafiaSvilis 

redaqciiT. Tb., 2002, gv. 427; r. gogSeliZe. prokuraturis roli demokratiul 

sazogadoebaSi, — Jurn.: `samarTali~. #7-8, 2002. 

2 

sabWoTa sisxlis samarTlis procesi. a. faliaSvilis da l. Talakva- 

Zis redaqciiT. Tb., 1988, gv. 418-420; a. faliaSvili. pirveli instanciis 

sasamarTloSi saxelmwifo bralmdeblis procesualuri mdgomareobis 

Sesaxeb, — Jurn.: `sabWoTa samarTali~. #5, 1981, gv. 35-37. 

3 

i. gabisonia. prokuraturis statusi sazRvargareT da saqarTvelo- 

Si. Tb., 1999, gv. 305; i. gabisonia. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa ganxilva 

sasamarTloSi. Tb., 2002, gv. 120-123; 

4 ix.: А. Зозулинский. Отказ прокурора от обвинения и его правовые последствия, 

— Jurn.: «Советское государство и право». №7, 1978, gv. 139; В. С. Зеленецкий. 

Отказ прокурора от государственного обвинения, gv. 90-95; В. Афанасьев. 

Рецензия на книгу В. Савицкого «Очерк теории прокурорского надзора», — 

Jurn.: «Социалистическая законность». №5, 1976, gv. 93; Я. О. Мотовиловкер. 

Установление истины в советском уголовном процессе. Ярославль, 1974, gv. 33; 

В. Кобзарь. Отказ прокурора от обвинения, — Jurn.: «Законность». №4, 2001, 

gv. 24-26; Ф. Багутдинов, А. Васин. Последствия отказа прокурора от обвинения 

в суде, — Jurn.: «Российская Юстиция». №3, 2000, gv. 40-41; b. meurmiSvili. 

prokurori, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis subieqti, — Jurn.: 

84


ruseTis federaciaSi samarTlebrivi reformebis ganxorcielebis 

pirobebSi kanonmdebelma datova is samarTlis 

norma, romelic sasamarTlos avaldebulebda, gaegrZelebina 

saqmis ganxilva prokuroris mier braldebaze uaris Tqmis miuxedavad 

da saerTo wesis safuZvelze gadaewyvita gansasjelis 

braleulobis sakiTxi (rsfsr sssk 248-e, paralelurad — saqar- 

Tvelos ssr sssk 248-e muxlebi), rac, Cveni azriT, swori pozicia 

iyo da yovelmxriv gamarTlebuli iqneboda, sakiTxi analogiurad 

mowesrigebuliyo amJamad moqmed saqarTvelos sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSic. 

Tumca, SemdgomSi, ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, 

rogorc Cans, garkveulwilad mainc gaiziara v. savickisa 

da misi Tanamoazreebis mier wlebis win Camoyalibebuli 

pozicia da 1999w. 20 aprilis dad-genilebiT rsfsr 248-e muxlis 

IV nawili konstituciasTan Seusabamod cno im motiviT, rom 

braldebaze prokuroris mier uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi saqmis 

ganxilvis gagrZeleba sasamarTlos mier misTvis uCveulo — 

braldebis funqciis ganxorcielebas niSnavs. 1 

aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT viziareb qarTvel mecnierprocesualistTa 

mosazrebebs da miviCnev, rom sasamarTlos unda 

mieniWos ufleba (ufro marTebuli iqneba — aRudges), prokuroris 

mier braldebis mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi 

gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da sakiTxi gadawyvitos sakuTari 

Sexedulebisamebr, ra mimarTebiTac unda Sevides saTanado 

cvlilebebi saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamis muxlebSi. davZen, 

rom ara marto konstituciuri, saerTaSoriso da saproceso-samarTlebrivi 

normebiT, marTlmsajulebisa da zogadsamar- 

Tlebrivi principebiTa da fuZemdebluri debulebebiT, aramed 

TeoriaSi dominirebuli mosazrebebiTac sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli 

sasamarTlos, rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganmaxorcielebeli 

organos, uzenaesoba da damoukidebloba, mis saqmianobaSi 

da marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi Caurevloba, sasamarTlos 

mier gadawyvetilebis miReba Sinagani rwmeniT da mxolod 

kanonidan gamomdinare. amasTan, SejibrebiTobis principis 

mixedviT, sasamarTlo ar aris SeboWili mxareTa mosazrebebiT, 

`samarTali~. #8, 2001, gv. 62-63. 

1 ix.: Уголовный процесс. Под редакцией К. Ф. Гуценко. М., 2000, gv. 353; aseT 

formulirebas ar iziarebs germaniis (§§ 153-b da 156) da ukrainis (264) 

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsebi, romlebic sasamarTlos ani- 

Weben uflebas, gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gadawyvitos igi saerTo 

safuZvelze, miuxedavad prokuroris mier braldebis mxardaWeraze 

gancxadebuli uarisa, rac savsebiT marTlzomierad mimaCnia, — ix.: В. 

М. Тертышник. Научно-практический комментарий к уголовно-процессуальному 

кодексу Украины. Киев, 2001, gv. 567-568; УПК ФРГ. М., 1994, gv. 84-88. 

85

86 


igi ar asrulebs dacvisa da braldebis funqciebs, mas erTader- 

Ti funqcia akisria — ganixilos da arsebiTad gadawyvitos saqme. 

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, prokuroris mier braldebis 

mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmas sasamarTlosaTvis erTaderTi samar- 

Tlebrivi Sedegi SeiZleba hqondes — Seamowmos braldebaze uaris 

Tqmis siswore. misTvis araviTarma e.w. `formalurma~ momentma 

(uaris Tqmis motivebis Semowmebis gareSe, pirdapir saqmis 

Sewyveta sworedac formalur momentad unda miviCnioT) ar unda 

ganapirobos avtomaturad uaris Tqma marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze. 

arada, aseT pirobebSi samarTalwarmoebis (sasamarTlo 

ganxilvis proceduris) gasagrZeleblad arsebobs obieqturi 

safuZveli — TviT realurad arsebuli ganxilvis sagani 

— braldeba, romlis mxardaWerazec uari iTqva, magram igi arsebobas 

ganagrZobs (materialur-samarTlebrivi gagebiT), arsebobs 

saqmis masalebSi da sasamarTlos mier guldasmiT Seswavla-Semowmebis 

sagania. amas emateba kidev erTi — braldebaze 

prokuroris mier uaris Tqmis gadawyvetilebis (mosazrebis, 

daskvnis) kanonierebisa da dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis sakiTxi. 

swored amitom sasamarTlom unda gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva, 

gulmodgined Seiswavlos braldebis formulireba gamokvleuli 

sasamarTlo gamoZiebis masalebisa da yvela arsebuli 

faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sejerebis safuZvelze, Seamowmos 

braldebaze uaris Tqmis argumentebis siswore da mxolod amis 

Semdeg, kanonidan gamomdinare da Sinagani myari rwmenis safuZvelze 

miiRos erTaderTi kanonSesabamisi da dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba 

ise, rom ar SeizRudos mxareTa mosazrebebiT. sasamarTlos 

mTeli es saqmianoba aris ara braldebis funqciis 

ganxorcieleba, rogorc amas v. savicki miiCnevs, aramed braldebis 

arsis, misi sisworis sakiTxis, masze uaris Tqmis argumentaciis 

Semowmebis da gadawyvetis procesi, rac swored marTlmsajulebis 

ganxorcielebas niSnavs. 

prokuroris (da masTan erTad dazaralebulis) mier braldebis 

mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmis miuxedavad braldeba agrZelebs 

funqcionirebas. amasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso da, Cveni 

azriT, savsebiT misaReb mosazrebas gvTavazobs v. zelenecki, 

romelic ambobs, rom aseT SemTxvevebSi procesis mamoZravebel 

Zalas warmoadgens winaswar gamoZiebaSi formulirebuli braldeba, 

swored isaa saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWeris safuZveli, 

bazisi; isini arseboben, rogorc erTi mTliani, radgan saxelmwifo 

braldebis mxardaWeris funqcia àmoizarda~ misgan, 

aRmocenda am bazisidan da braldebis mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmis 

Semdeg winaswar gamoZiebaSi Camoyalibebulma braldebam SeiZina 

damoukidebeli statusi, darCa samarTlos ganxilvis sagnad,


romelsac saTanado Semowmeba da misi dasabuTebulobis argumentirebuli 

gadawyveta esaWiroeba. 1 

axali, 2009w. 9 oqtombris sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsi dazaralebuls aRar cnobs mxared (57-e muxli), xolo 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebasa da sasamarTlo- 

Si saxelmwifo braldebis mxardaWeras mTlianad prokurors andobs. 

aseT SemTxvevaSi, braldebis mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmisas 

prokurors ar esaWiroeba dazaralebulis Tanxmoba (subsidiur 

sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas axali saproceso kanonmdebloba 

aRar iTvaliswinebs). am viTarebaSi, axali saproceso kodeqsis 

191 muxlis I nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo, mxaris (romelSic, 

cxadia, moiazreba prokuroric) SuamdgomlobiT wyvets sisxlissamarTlebriv 

devnas, Tuki arsebobs devnis Sewyvetis sa- 

Tanado safuZveli (maT Soris — prokuroris uari braldebis 

mxardaWeraze, axali sssk 105 muxlis I nawilis ì~ punqti). 

mimaCnia, rom zemoTqmuli mosazreba unda gavrceldes mocemul 

SemTxvevazec da sasamarTlom (maT Soris — nafic msajulTa 

sasamarTlom), nacvlad prokuroris moTxovnis brmad, 

avtomaturad dakmayofilebisa da gansasjelis mimarT devnis 

Sewyvetisa, unda gaagrZelos saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilva, detalurad 

Seamowmos da gaaanalizos prokuroris mier braldebis 

mxardaWeraze uaris Tqmis motivebi da mxolod amis Semdeg mii- 

Ros kanonieri, dasabuTebuli da samarTliani gadawyvetileba 

(SesaZloa, daadginos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenic ki). 

saproceso kanonmdebloba (arc adre moqmedi, da miTumetes, 

arc axali, Sekvecil-gamartivebuli kodeqsi) ar awesrigebs 

braldebaze uaris Tqmis mosazrebis Camoyalibebis formis sakiTxs. 

es gamarTlebulia, radgan ar SeiZleba prokuroris davaldebuleba, 

maincdamainc werilobiT Camoayalibos sityva. es 

mxolod prokuroris survilzea damokidebuli, iseve rogorc 

sabraldebo sityvis SemTxvevaSi. amdenad, SesaZlebelia braldebaze 

uaris Tqmis sityvis zepiri formiT Camoyalibebac, rac 

gadatanili iqneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi. rac Seexeba mis 

Sinaarss: sityvis dawyeba rekomendebulia braldebis arsis gadmocemiT 

da im mtkicebulebaTa mokle analiziT, romlebzec Tavis 

droze aigo braldeba, Semdeg ki saWiroa imis Cveneba, ra 

cvlilebebi ganicades am mamxilebelma mtkicebulebebma, ra siaxle 

Seitana winaswari gamoZiebis monacemebSi sasamarTlo gamoZiebam, 

ra mtkicebulebebi aqarwyleben braldebas da ratom 

mivida prokurori braldebaze uaris Tqmis daskvnamde. bolos 

prokurori akeTebs gancxadebas, rom saqmeSi arsebuli da sasamarTlo 

gamoZiebisas detalurad gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebis 

analiziT igi mivida im dasabuTebul mosazrebamde, rom ua- 

1 

В. С. Зеленецкий. Отказ прокурора от государственного обвинения, gv. 94-96. 

87


ri Tqvas braldebis mxardaWeraze. 

prokuroris mier dasabuTebul, argumentirebul uaris 

Tqmas braldebis mxardaWeraze uaRresad didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia 

piro-vnebis uflebebis dacvis mimarTebiT, uzrunvelyofs 

udanaSaulo piris dacvas dausabuTebeli msjavrdebisagan, amkvidrebs 

sazogadoebaSi samarTlianobis, humanizmis ideebis pativiscemas, 

exmareba marTlmsajulebas kanonieri, dasabuTebuli, 

samarTliani ganaCenis (verdiqtis) dadgenaSi. 

PAATA KOBALADZE 

THE PROSECUTOR IS REFUSAL TO PURSUE A CHARGE 

– A FUNCTION OR DYSFUNCTION 

The work of Law Doctor, Professor Paata Kobaladze analyses one of the 

most important intitutions of criminal proceedings – support of state accusation 

during the court discussion of the case by public prosecutor and its separated 

type – refusal of criminal charge. 

A real criminal code holdes that the main function of a public prosecutor 

is the support of a state accusation, but according to the same code the public 

prosecutor is in liability to deny the realization of above mentioned function if 

during the case hearing and investigational process becomes clear that the convicted 

is not gulity. 

The author parallels a real criminal code issued on October 9, 2009 (in 

force from October 1, 2010) and proves that the obligation (and not a right as it 

should be) of public prosecutor to refuse a criminal charge is incorrect and is 

against the principles holded by Procuracy Law (organic law), degrades the 

rights of convicted and allows the public prosecutor to assert the accusation 

even the person is innocent. 

In his work the author considers following circumstances which logically 

direct the public prosecutor to make a desicion of refusal the criminal charge: 

factious (lack of an evidence or a proof), legal (terms) and psychological (lack 

of a self-belief). 

Author examines a form of refusal of the criminal charge during criminal 

proceedings and two varieties of court decision – decision of justification or ceasation 

the case and holdes that the refusal of criminal charge is not the function 

of public prosecutor. Also pays an attention to different problems appearing in 

this sphere. 

88


ediSer futkaraZe 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxisaTvis germanul 

sisxlis samarTalSi 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis problema erT-erTi aqtualuri da 

mniSvnelovani Temaa sisxlis samarTalSi, maT Soris germanul 

da qarTul sisxlis samarTalSic. germanul sisxlis samarTalSi 

am sakiTxze sakmaod mdidari literatura arsebobs. vgulisxmob, 

specialur monografiebs marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTx- 

Tan dakavSirebiT, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT uamrav samecniero 

publikaciebze da sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis saxelmZRvaneloze, 

sadac es sakiTxi sxvadasxva moculobiT yvelganaa 

ganxiluli. 

qarTul sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebaSi bolo periodSi 

gamocemul saxelmZRvaneloebSic ki ar aqvs saTanado adgili 

daTmobili am problemas. arada igi iseTive mniSvnelobisaa, rogorc 

qmedebis Semadgenlobisa da bralis problema. marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

xom qmedebis Semadgenlobasa da bralTan erTad danaSaulis 

damoukidebel niSans warmoadgens. 

am naSromSi SevecadeT mokled gamogvekvlia marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Cveni azriT, umniSvnelovanesi 

naSromebi, romlebic gamoxataven germanel mecnierTa midgomas am 

sakiTxisadmi. ra Tqma unda, samecniero publikaciaSi SeuZlebelia 

germanul sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebaSi arsebuli literaturis 

srulyofili gamokvleva-ganxilva. am naSromis mizans es ar 

warmoadgens, magram cnobil mkvlevarTa mosazrebebis analizi 

garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas udaod mogvcems. 

I 

xSirad umoqmedoba ganisazRvreba, rogorc `mosalodneli~ 

an `savaldebulo~ qmedebis Seusrulebloba. samarTlebrivi 

movaleobis winaaRmdegobis (Rechtspflichtwidrigkeit) TvalsazrisiT 

moqmedebasa da umoqmedobas Soris gansxvaveba ar arsebobs. 

i. krausi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaze dayrdnobiT 

adasturebs, rom umoqmedoba dasjadi iqneboda mxolod kanonmdeblobiT 

ganszaRvrul SemTxvevebSi. krumi, glaseri, merkeli 

umoqmedobis dasjadobas ukavSireben winare qmedebiT Sedegis 

gamomwvevi safrTxis Seqmnas.garkveuli winapirobebisas 

umoqmedoba Sedegis gamowveviT gauTanabrdeba pozitiur qmedebas. 

f. listis mixedviT, umoqmedobis cneba gulisxmobs mosalodneli 

Sedegis Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobas. 1 

1 i. krausis, fr. krugis, f. listis mosazrebebi ganxilulia zigfrid 

kisinis mixedviT. ix. dawvrilebiT: S. Kissin. Die Rechtspflicht zum Handeln 

89


umoqmedoba SeiZleba miviCnioT mizezobrivad maSin, roca 

adamians Tanamdebobis gamo valdebuleba akisria, xolo igi ar 

Cadis Sesabamis qmedebas, romelsac SeeZlo saziano Sedegis Tavidan 

acileba. umoqmedobiT ganxorcielebul qmedebis Semadgenlobas 

mniSvneloba aqvs maSin, roca safrTxe ar iqneba acilebuli. 

qmedebis Semadgenloba umoqmedobiT an moqmedebiT _ 

formalurad marTlsawinaaRmdegoa maSin, roca marTlwinaaRmdegobas 

ar gamoricxaven kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli garemoebebi. 

1 k. Tregeris mixedviT, qmedeba mosalodnelia mxolod ma- 

Sin, roca arsebobs misi Cadenis samarTlebrivi valdebuleba. 

kolrauSis TvalsazrisiT, umoqmedoba marTlsawinaaRmdego 

iqneba mxolod maSin, roca samarTlebrivad savaldebuloa pozitiuri 

qmedeba. 

qmedeba marTlsawinaaRmdegoa, roca igi Semadgenlobis Sesabamis 

Sedegs gamoiwvevs da ar aris nebadarTuli gansakuTrebuli 

samarTlebrivi normebiT. amave mosazrebas iziareben 

franki, maieri, Smidti. 

f. listis mixedviT, danaSaulebrivi qmedeba formalurad 

marTlsawinaaRmdegoa rogorc saxelmwifo normis darRveva, materialurad 

ki marTlsawinaaRmdegoa rogorc sazogadoebis- 

Tvis saziano. 2 

graf cu donas formulireba aseTia: qmedebis Semadgenlobis 

Sesabamisoba da marTlwinaaRmdegoba arian erTmaneTis gadamkveTi 

ori wre, romelTa gadakveTa mijnavs dasjad qmedebas 

aradasjadi qmedebisagan. marTlsawinaaRmdegoa is qmedeba, romelic 

saxelmwifoebrivad aRiarebul kulturis normebs ewinaaRmdegeba. 

marTlzomiereba niSnavs: sazogadoebisaTvis zianze meti 

sargeblobis micemas. marTlwinaaRmdegoba aris ara Semadgeneli 

nawili, ara niSani qmedebis Semadgenlobisa, aramed misi logikuri 

winapiroba. sisxlissamarTlebrivi norma samarTliania 

maSin, roca igi uaryofs usamarTlo qmedebas. donas surs gviCvenos, 

rom qmedeba Semadgenlobis Sesabamisobis miuxedavad dausjeli 

unda darCes, roca igi calkeul SemTxvevaSi gamoiyureba 

rogorc samarTliani miznis samarTliani saSualeba. qmedebis 

marTlzomiereba, marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxva efuZneba 

imas, rom sazianos gverdiT mas aqvs sasargeblo Sedegic da es 

sasargeblo Sedegebi sazianos aRemateba. 

bei den Unterlassungsdelikten. Breslau Neukirch, 1933. 

1 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa: W. Rost. Die Rechtfertigungsgründe 

bei Fahrlässigkeitsdelikten. Mü nchen, Druck. Ch. Schö n, 1965. 

2 k. Tregeris, fr. kolrauSis da f. listis mosazrebebi ganxilulia z. 

kisinis mixedviT. ix. z. kisinis zemoT dasaxelebuli naSromi. 

90


marTlwinaaRmdegoba gamoricxulia mxolod maSin, roca 

sargebloba metia, vidre ziani. es principi safuZvlad udevs 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoebebis 

gamoyenebas, romlis mixedviTac qmedeba saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas 

aZlevs met sargeblobas, vidre zians. am principis Sesabamisad 

qmedeba marTlzomieria, radgan igi zianze met sargeblobas 

gvaZlevs. zogierTi avtori gansxvavebul terminologias 

iyenebs. zogi ambobs marTlsawinaaRmdegos “rechtswidrig” (franki), 

zogi ki qmedebas uwodebs sazogadoebis sawinaaRmdegos (“gesellschaftswidrig”). 

umoqmedoba mxolod maSin aris dasjadi, roca moqmedeba 

aucilebelia metadRirebuli samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadasar- 

Cenad. Cadenili qmedebis materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

dasadastureblad sakmarisia imis dadgena, rom am saxis qmedeba 

vargisia damdgari sazogadoebrivad saziano Sedegis gamosawvevad. 

II 

i. Saferi, f. ianka da i. merkeli ganasxvaveben samoqalaqo-- 

samarTlebriv, sisxlissamarTlebriv da a.S. marTlwinaaRmdegobas. 

am mosazrebas emxrobian aseve qiTcingeri, ferneki da Stosi. 

aqtualuria marTlwinaaRmdegobis erTianoba (belingi). 1 

qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba emTxveva normis winaaRmdegobas. 

samarTlis sawinaaRmdegoa nebismieri darRveva, romelic 

gansakuTrebuli garemoebebiT ar gamarTldeba. marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

pirdapir kavSirSia safrTxeSi myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis 

damcav normasTan. 

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dasacavad saSualebis SerCevis Taobaze 

sainteresoa Stamleris mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac 

swori gadawyvetilebis, swori miznis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebelia 

aseve swori gzis povna. es swored iseTi saSualebis 

SerCevas niSnavs, romelic aucilebeli da nebadarTulia miznis 

misaRwevad da qmedebis marTlzomierebis, marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

gamoricxvis winapirobaa. 

i. nagleris azriT, marTlwinaaRmdegoba dgindeba maSin, 

roca igi ar aris gamoricxuli marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli 

garemoebiT. 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba da qmedebis Semadgenloba iseT damokidebulebaSi 

arian erTmaneTTan, rogorc forma da Sinaarsi. 

1 

i. merkelis, k. Selingis mosazrebebi ganxilulia i. nagleris 

mixedviT. ix. J. Nagler. Der Heutige stand der Lehre von der Rechtswidrigkeit. 

Festschrift für Karl Binding zum 4 Juni 1911, Band 2, Leipzig, 1911. 

91

92 


zogi avtoris azriT, marTlwinaaRmdegobas sxva Sinaarsi 

unda hqondes, vidre `marTlwesrigisadmi winaaRmdegobas~ (h. maieri, 

k. lipmani, graf cu dona). 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba aris samarTlis darRveva, upirveles 

yovlisa ki samarTlis normis, kanonis darRveva, meore mxriv ki 

interesis, samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofa, samarTlebrivi sikeTis 

xelyofiT sisxlis samarTlis damcavi normebis darRveva. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa qiTcingeris mosazreba, 

romlis mixedviTac ar arsebobs subieqturi samarTlis xelyofa 

obieqtur samarTalTan winaaRmdegobis gareSe. marTlsawinaaRmdegoa 

mxolod marTlwesrigis TvalsazrisiT gasakicxi qmedeba 

(bindingi). Tumca aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom sanam qmedeba 

akrZaluli ar aris, ar SeiZleba igi marTlsawinaaRmdego 

iyos. 

materialuri samarTlis darRveva ar aris aucilebeli da 

sakmarisi formaluri marTlwinaaRmdegobis arsebobisaTvis. 

III 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamijvnas formalur da materialur 

marTlwinaaRmdegobad pirvelad vxvdebiT listTan. 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba gviCvenebs, rom saxezea samarTlis 

darRveva. i. Toni, berkeli iziareben, rom marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

gamoxatavs saxelmwifo brZanebis winaaRmdeg qmedebas. 

gasaziarebelia aseve is, rom marTlwinaaRmdegobis Semecnebis 

wyaroa, upirveles yovlisa, sisxlis samarTlis kanoni, 

Semdgom ki saerTo samarTlis sistema. 

Tu romeli interesi unda iqnes aRmatebulad miCneuli, unda 

gadawydes obieqturi SexedulebiT. aq gasaTvaliswinebelia 

is Sexedulebebi, romelsac samarTali gamoiyenebda sxvadsxva 

socialur interesebsa da RirebulebebTan mimarTebaSi. 

k. bindingis mixedviT, is, rac aucilebelia samarTlebrivad 

aRiarebuli miznis misaRwevad, ar unda iyos akrZaluli, Tu 

ara nebadarTuli. 

f. listis mixedviT materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

wminda sociologiurad ganisazRvreba. meti sargebloba, vidre 

ziani — formulireba marTlwinaaRmdegobisaTvis qmnis garkveul 

sirTuleebs marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebebTan 

mimarTebaSi. 

qmedeba Sefasebis Semdeg unda miekuTvnos marTlsawinaaRmdegos 

an marTlzomiers. marTlzomierad miiCneva maSin, roca 

igi Sesabamisi saSualebaa saxelmwifoebrivad aRiarebuli miznis 

misaRwevad. 

dona cdilobs Camoayalibos qmedebis marTlzomierebis 

safuZvlebi. misi azriT aseTs warmoadgens:


1) samarTlebrivi valdebulebis Sesruleba arasdros ar 

aris marTlsawinaaRmdego; 

2) uflebis gamoyeneba arasdros ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego; 

3) ori dapirispirebuli interesidan SeiZleba metad Rirebuli 

interesis dacva naklebad Rirebulis xarjze; 

4) qmedeba, romelic samarTlebrivi sikeTis SenarCunebas 

emsaxureba, ar SeiZleba imavdroulad ewinaaRmdegebodes 

normas, romelic gansazRvravs am samarTlebrivi sikeTis 

dacvas; 

5) marTlwesrigiT aRiarebuli miznis misaRwevad Sesabamisi 

saSualebis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba marTlsawinaaRmdego 

iyos; 

6) dazaralebulis Tanxmoba gamoricxavs marTlwinaaRmdegobas, 

ramdenadac Tanxmoba ar arRvevs sazogadoebaSi 

miRebul moralur normebs. 1 

unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom donas mier didi xnis winaT 

Camoyalibebul qmedebis marTlzomierebis am safuZvlebs 

Tavisi Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvneloba dResac ar daukargavs. 

ama Tu im marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis 

formulirebisas arc Tu ise iSviaTad gamoiyeneba mar- 

Tlzomierebis zemoT miTiTebuli donas mier SemoTavazebuli 

safuZvlebi. 

sakmaod gansxvavebulia zaueris mier ganxiluli SemTxvevebi. 

marTlzomierad igi miiCnevs: 

1) SemTxvevebs, sadac kanoni Semadgenlobis Sesabamis qmedebas 

nebadarTulad an savaldebulod gamoxatavs; 

2) SemTxvevebs, sadac interesTa Sefaseba mindobilia mosamarTleze; 

3) SemTxvevebs, sadac kanoniT ar aris gamoxatuli regulireba. 

2 

rogorc donas, ise zaueris mier SemoTavazebul safuZvelTa 

da SemTxvevaTa CamonaTvali gvaZlevs saSualebas mar- 

Tlzomierebis, marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxvis, am Tu im 

konkretuli garemoebis formirebis Taobaze. amas aqvs, ra Tqma 

unda, udidesi mniSvneloba. marTlzomierebis pirobebi imavdroulad 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxvis pirobebia. amitom 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxis kvleva imavdroulad misi gamomricxveli 

garemoebebis kvlevacaa. es imitom, rom marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

aris maSin, roca is ar aris gamoricxuli da gamo- 

1 graf cu donas mosazreba mocemulia e. hainitcis mixedviT. ix.: E. Heinitz. 

Das Problem der materiellen Rechtswidrigkeit. Breslau, 1926, gv. 115. 

2 zaueris mosazreba mocemulia e. hainitcis mixedviT. ix.: E. Heinitz. 

Das Problem der materiellen Rechtswidrigkeit, gv. 114. 

93

94 


ricxulia maSin, roca saxezea romelime gamomricxveli garemoeba. 

IV 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba an arsebobs an gamoricxulia. Sesabamisad 

qmedeba marTlsawinaaRmdegoa an marTlzomieri. qmedeba 

marTlzomieria maSin, roca igi sisxlis, samoqalaqo, administraciuli 

an samarTlis sxva dargis romelime normis mixedviT 

savaldebulo an nebadarTulia. imis garkveva, aris Tu ara qmedeba 

savaldebulo an nebadarTuli, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi 

calke gamokvlevas saWiroebs. es ki ama Tu im garemoebis 

srulyofil Seswavlas moiTxovs. maSasadame, calkeuli garemoebis 

Seswavlas pirdapiri kavSiri aqvs marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

zogadi problemis SeswavlasTan. 

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom yvela garemoebis winaswar sakanonmdeblo 

gaTvaliswineba SeuZlebelia, Sesabamisad, misi gamokvlevac. 

am dros upiratesoba eniWeba kulturul Sexedulebebsa 

da zneobriv normebs. isini ki Tavis mxriv zekanonieri garemoebebis 

Camoyalibebisa da gamoyenebis winapirobebs warmoadgenen. 

samarTlis sxvadasxva dargis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba sxvadasxva terminiT gamoixateba. ase, magaliTad, 

movaleobaTa winaaRmdegoba “Pflichtwidrigkeit” (disciplinarul 

samarTalSi), dauSvebloba “Uunzulssigkeit” (administraciul 

samarTalSi), umoqmedoba “Ichtigkeit” (samoqalaqo da sajaro 

samarTalSi), zneobis, moralis winaaRmdegoba “Sittenwidrigkeit” 

(samoqalaqo samarTalSi) da a.S. 1 

unda aRiniSnos is garemoebac, rom marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

samarTlis dargis specifikuri cneba ufro viwro da specialuria, 

vidre `saerTo marTlwinaaRmdegobis cneba~ _ “allgemeine 

Rechtswidrigkeitsbegriff”. 

zogi avtori samarTlis dargebis specifiuri marTlwinaaRmdegobisa 

da saerTo marTlwinaaRmdegobis cnebis problemaze 

imitom amaxvilebs yuradRebas, rom saTanado mniSvneloba mianiWos 

sisxlissamarTlebriv marTlwinaaRmdegobas “Strafrechtswidrigkeit”. 

qmedebis Sefasebisas sisxlissamarTlebrivi gakicxvis 

safuZvels swored sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlwinaaRmdegoba 

unda warmoadgendes. 

vfiqrob, mniSvnelovania saerTo marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

problemis gamokvleva, romelic samarTlis sxvadasxva dargis 

specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT saerTo-samarTlebrivi mniSvnelo- 

1 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa: U. Hellmann. Die Anwendbarkeit 

der zivilrechtlichen Rechtfertigungsgründe. Koln, 1987; H. Otto. Pflichtenkollision 

und Rechtswidrigkeitsurteil. Hamburg, 1965; aseve: A. Kösch. Der Status des Merkmals 

`rechtswidrig~ in Zueignungsabsicht. Münster, 1999.


bis iqneba. marTlwinaaRmdegoba saerTo samarTlebrivi problemaa. 

igi qmedebis samarTlis normasTan Sesabamisoba-winaaRmdegobis 

problemasTanaa dakavSirebuli. marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

dadgena an gamoricxva dakavSirebulia saerTo marTlwesrigTan, 

rogorc aseTTan, da ar SeiZleba misi samarTlis romelime 

dargis CarCoebSi moqceva. 

ar SeiZleba sazogadoebaSi gabatonebul kulturul Rirebulebebs, 

zneobriv, moralur normebs, romlebsac veyrdnobiT 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis dadgena-gamoricxvisas, gansxvavebuli 

mniSvneloba hqondeT samarTlis dargebis specifiurobis gamo. 

vfiqrob, marTlwinaaRmdegoba saerTo unda iyos nebismieri 

qmedebisaTvis. specifiuri ki SeiZleba iyos marTlzomierebis 

pirobebi. samarTlis sxvadasxva dargSi qmedebis marTlzomierad 

cnobisaTvis sxvadasxva winapirobaa saWiro. aq ki mar- 

Tlac SeiZleba visaubroT specialur, dargobriv marTlzomierebis, 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebebze. 

is rac zneobis, moralis normebis TvalsazrisiT gakicxvas 

daimsaxurebs samoqalaqo samarTalSi, man SeiZleba aseTive Sefaseba 

daimsaxuros sisxlis samarTalSi. e.i. marTlsawinaaRmdego 

iyos samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivadac da sisxlis samarTlebrivadac, 

magram garemoebam, romelmac SeiZleba gamoricxos sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

pasuxismgebloba marTlwinaaRmdegobis 

niSniT, SeiZleba ar gamoricxos samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba. magaliTad, agresiuli ukiduresi aucileblobis 

dros gamoricxulia sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, 

magram moqmeds SeiZleba daekisros miyenebuli zianis 

anazRaureba-samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. 

amdenad, marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebi 

samarTlis dargebis mixedviT specifiuria, isini gansxvavebulad 

moqmedeben. 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba niSnavs qmedebis winaaRmdegobas samarTlis 

normisadmi. an kidev, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, kulturis, 

zneobis normebisadmi. rogorc saerToa samarTlis normis 

cneba, kulturuli Rirebulebebi, zneobrivi normebi, aseve 

saerToa maTdami winaaRmdegoba e.i. marTlwinaaRmdegoba, Tu, ra 

Tqma unda, marTlwinaaRmdegobas ase ganvmartavT. amdenad, arsebobs 

saerTo marTlwinaaRmdegoba. 

gansxvavebulia samarTlis normis Sinaarsi, rogorc dargebis 

mixedviT, aseve TiToeuli dargis SigniTac. Tu am TanmimdevrobiT 

vimsjelebT, da Tuki SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo, sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

da a.S marTlwinaaRmdegoba, maSin ratom ar 

SeiZleba iyos Sida dargobrivi marTlwinaaRmdegoba, magali- 

Tad, mkvlelobis marTlwinaaRmdegoba, janmrTelobis dazianebis 

marTlwinaaRmdegoba da a.S. vfiqrob, yvela dagveTanxmeba, 

rom amis aucilebloba ar arsebobs. seve gasaTvaliswinebelia, 

95


rom specifiurad xdeba marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxva-dadgena 

mkvlelobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis da sxva samarTlebriv 

sikeTeTa winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulis Sefasebis dros. 

specifiuroba, gansakuTrebuloba swored im garemoebas 

ukavSirdeba, ra garemoebaSic moxda qmedebis ganxorcieleba. 

qmedebis Cadenis garemoebis specifiuroba, Tavisebureba gvaZlevs 

saSualebas saerTo, zogadi wesidan gamonaklisis gakeTebisa 

da zneobrivi, moraluri Tu kulturuli Sexedulebebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT qmedebis an moqmedis gakicxvaze uaris Tqmisa. 

e.i. qmedebis Cadenis garemoebaa specialuri, gansxvavebuli, rac 

saerTo, Cveulebrivi Sefasebisgan gamonaklisis gakeTebis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

TvalsazrisiT ki marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxvis 

safuZvels gvaZlevs. amdenad, saerTo samarTlebrivi 

marTlwinaaRmdegobis problemis gamokvleva specialuri, misi 

gamomricxveli garemoebebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. es imitom, 

rom marTlwinaaRmdegoba aris maSin, roca ar aris misi gamomricxveli 

garemoeba da piriqiT. 

amdenad, marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebaTa 

gamokvleva imavdroulad aris marTlwinaaRmdegobis problemis 

gamokvleva. 

EDISHER PHUTKARADZE 

FOR THE ISSUES OF ILLEGAL ACTION 

IN THE GERMAN CRIMINAL LAW 

In the work one of the main signs of a crime-an illegal action- is discussed 

according to the German Criminal law. The views about the issues of illegal 

action of famous German criminalists: List, Krauss, Kreg, Graf zu Dohna, 

Frank, Meyer etc are discussed as well. The research of the issues of illegal action 

is linked to its offering justification circumstances. Illegal action is when 

there is no its offering justification cisrcumstances and vice versa. The identification 

of illegal action or the issues of exclusion is connected with the offering 

justification circumstances of illegal action. 

96


petre dauTaSvili 

erTiani danaSauli da kvalifikaciis 

zogierTi Tavisebureba 

samarTaldamcavi organoebis sagamoZiebo praqtikaSi arcTuise 

xSirad vxvdebiT konkretuli danaSaulis detalur kvalifikacias 

erTiani danaSaulis romelime (muxli13 da muxli 14) 

muxlze miTiTebiT, romelic samwuxarod am institutis srul an 

nawilobriv ignorirebaze metyvelebs. aqedan gamomdinare, sxvadasxva 

subieqturi, Tu obieqturi faqtorebis safuZvelze dana- 

Saulis kvalifikacia xdeba iseTi institutebis CanacvlebiT, 

rogoricaa daumTavrebeli danaSauli an danaSaulis simravlis 

erTerTi saxe — araerTgzisoba, romelsac danaSaulis subieqtis 

mimarT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisa da sasjelis daniSvnis 

iuridiulad gaumarTav da arasamarTlian gadawyvetilebamde 

mivyavarT. sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi, kanonmdeblobaSi, sagamoZiebo 

da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi arsebobs erTiani danaSaulis 

cneba. igi Sedgeba erTi an ramdenime danaSaulebrivi qmedebisagan, 

romlebic Cadenilia piris mier mis sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

pasuxisgebaSi micemamde, xasiaTdebian Sinagani kavSiriT da moicaven 

erTi danaSaulis obieqtur da subieqtur niSnebs. 

obieqturi niSnebis erTianoba gamoixateba imaSi, rom Tvi- 

Toeuli cal-calke ganxorcielebuli danaSaulebrivi aqti moicavs 

erTian danaSauls, romelic xelyofs da zians ayenebs erT 

da imave uSualo obieqts da iuridiulad xasiaTdebian erTnairi 

danaSaulebrivi SedegebiT. magram TavianTi faqtiuri TvisebebiT 

isini SeiZleba arsebiTad gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisagan. 

subieqturi niSnebis erToblioba gamoixateba imaSi, rom erTiani 

danaSaulis Semadgeneli yoveli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis aqti 

xorcieldeba erTnairi bralis formiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, 

saxeze iqneba danaSaulTa simravle. magaliTad, pirma ganizraxa 

meore pirs gamosTxaros erTi Tvali. Cadenili qmedeba 

kvalificirdeba ssk-s 117-e muxliT: janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime 

dazianeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu magaliTad aTi dRis gasvlis 

Semdeg meore Tvalic gamosTxara, maSin saxeze kvlav erTiani danaSauli 

iqneba da ara danaSaulTa simravle. 

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 

meoTxe Tavi icnobs erTiani danaSaulis or saxes: denads 

(muxli 13) da gangrZobads (muxli 14). orive saxis erTiani dana- 

Sauli faqtiurad farul danaSaulobebs warmoadgenen. xSir 

SemTxvevaSi maTi danaSaulebrivi qmedebis mimdinareobisa da 

arsebobis Sesaxeb pirvel rigSi samarTaldamcavi organosaTvis 

cnobili araა. 

1. `denadia am kodeqsis erTi muxliT an muxlis nawiliT 

97

98 


gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, romlis Cadena iwyeba moqmedebiT 

an umoqmedobiT da romelic Semdeg uwyvetad 

xorcieldeba. 

2. denadi danaSauli damTavrebulia qmedebis Sewyvetis 

momentidan~. 

magaliTad, pirovnebam danaSaulis Casadenad ukanonod SeiZina 

cecxlsasroli iaraRi, magram mas igi ar Caudenia da iara- 

Ri saxlSi Seinaxa. swored, iaraRis ukanono SeZena-Senaxvidan 

aTvla daiwyo danaSaulma gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsis 236-e muxliT: `cecxlsasroli iaraRis (garda gluvluliani 

sanadiro Tofisa), sabrZolo masalis, feTqebadi niv- 

Tierebis an asafeTqebeli mowyobilobis marTlsawinaaRmdego 

SeZena, Senaxva, tareba, damzadeba, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasa- 

Reba)~, romelic grZeldeba uwyvetad xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi 

da Sewydeba maSin, rodesac samarTaldamcavi organoebi 

aRmoaCenen iaraRis arsebobas an kidev misi ukanono mflobeli 

an axlobeli nebayoflobiT Caabarebs cecxlsasrol iaraRs. nebayofilobiTi 

Cabareba ki gamoricxavs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas, 

Tu danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxvas ganacxadebs da 

am iaraRis saSualebiT sxva danaSauli ar iqna Cadenili. winaaRmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi am pirovnebas ekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

pasuxismgebloba 236-e muxliT. 

kanonmdebeli qmedebis (qmedebaTa) intensivobasa da xangrZlivobaze 

saubrobs midis mag. muxlebi: 388, 389, 144 1 da a.S. 

388-e da 389 muxlebis dispoziciebSi mocemulia samxedro 

nawilis an samsaxuris sxva adgilis TviTneburad datoveba (mux. 

388) da dezertiroba (mux. 389) drois sxvadasxva xangrZlivobiT. 

144 1 muxlis `wameba~ dispozicia pirdapir miuTiTebs iseT 

qmedebebze, romlebic dazaralebulis Zlier fizikur tkivil- 

Tan an fsiqikur an moralur tanjvasTanaa dakavSirebuli Tavisi 

intensivobiTa da xangrZlivobiT da a.S. 

kanonmdebelma adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis 

winaaRmdeg mimarTul am danaSaulis saxes, wamebas, mianiWa didi 

mniSvneloba da aseTi saxis denad qmedebaze ar gaavrcela sisxlissamarTlis 

pasuxismgeblobis xandazmulobis vadebi. 

`1. gangrZobadia am kodeqsis erTi muxliT an muxlis nawiliT 

gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, romelic moicavs erTiani 

mizniTa da saerTo ganzraxviT Cadenil or an met qmedebas. 

2. gangrZobadi danaSauli damTavrebulia ukanaskneli qmedebis 

Cadenis momentidan~. 

magaliTad, biblioTekis gamgem ganizraxa enciklopediis 

ormocdaaTtomeulis moparva. obieqturi mxaris mixedviT, misi 

qmedeba moicavs erTian ganzraxvas, mizansa da motivs. amitom Cadenilia 

ara ormocdaaTi qurdoba, aramed erTi — ormocdaaTtomeulis 

qurdoba. e.i. qurdoba iwyeba erTi tomis qurdobiT


da mTavrdeba yvela tomis qurdobiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas ganzraxva 

hqonda moepara ormocdaaTtomeulis mxolod erTi romelime 

tomi, maSin iqneba ara gangrZobadi, aramed Cveulebrivi 

danaSauli — qurdoba. 

maSasadame, gangrZobadi danaSaulis arsidan gamomdinare, 

danaSaulis subieqtis nebismier ganzraxvaSi, denadi danaSaulisagan 

gansxvavebiT, yovelTvis gansazRvrulia xelyofis obieqtis 

iseTi zusti, drosa da sivrceSi winaswar gaTvlili garegnuli 

niSnebi Tu sxva Tvisebebi, rogoricaa: raodenoba, moculoba, 

wona, xarisxi da a.S. swored, am kriteriumebis araswori, 

Tu zedapiruli Sefaseba iZleva aseTi qmedebiT Cadenili dana- 

Saulis araswor kvalifikacias. 

amrigad, erTiani danaSaulis codnas didi mniSvneloba 

aqvs ara marto danaSaulis kvalifikaciisaTvis, aseve damnaSavis 

pirovnebis daxasiaTebisaTvis da Sesabamisad sasjelis gamotanisaTvis, 

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu pirovneba ramdenadaa kriminaluri, 

romelic sazogadoebisaTvis warmoadgens mometebul 

safrTxes. e.i. misi miswrafeba imdenad dauokebelia, rom subieqti 

yovel Rones xmarobs, raTa xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi 

an etapobrivad anu nawil-nawil ganaxorcielos Tavisi danaSaulebrivi 

ganzraxva da miaRwios sasurveli danaSaulebrivi Sedegis 

dadgomas. 

PETRE DAUTASHVILI 

COMMON CRIME AND SOME PECULIARITIES 

OF QUALIFICATION 

Preceding work of Law Doctor, Professor Petre Dautashvili examines 

and analyses some problems of a qualification of common criminal offences, 

appearing in the sphere of Georgian criminal proceedings. In the theory of Criminal 

Law, legislation, investigational and court practice exsits the meaning of 

common criminal offence. It consists of a one or more criminal actions, commited 

by a person before accusation and the characteristic features are an internal 

union and existence of unprejudiced (objective) and subjective marks. Understending 

the main principles of common offences is very important to qualificate 

criminal actions, also for describing the person who perpetrated an offence 

and for compatible punishment, considering such an extant of criminality of a 

person and how high is a rate of danger in the society. In this case the gulity has 

got an burning ambition to continue criminal actions for a long time continuosly 

or stage by stage and tries all kinds of possibilities to reach an expected result. 

99

100 

aleqsandre giorgiZe 


aracnobieri fsiqikuris gavlena danaSaulis 

motivaciaze da damnaSavis resocializaciaze 

Sesavali. Tanamedrove pirobebSi warmoudgenelia mecnierebis 

romelime dargis ganviTareba izolirebulad, sxva mecnierebaTa 

monacemebis da miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. miT 

ufro, es SeiZleba iTqvas, samarTlis mecnierebaze. kriminologia, 

rogorc viciT, damnaSaveobas da damnaSaves Seiswavlis. am 

saqmeSi ki seriozuli Sedegebis miRweva warmoudgenelia iseTi 

mecnierebaTa monacemebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, rogoricaa 

sociologia, fsiqologia, fiziologia, genetika da sxv. ra Tqma 

unda, am mecnierebebs ar ZaluZT damnaSaveobis da damnaSaveobasTan 

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta da Seswavla. es sakiTxebi 

mxolod iuridiul mecnierebaTa farglebSi (sisxlis 

samarTali, kriminologia da sxv). unda gadawydes, magram aucileblad 

zemoxsenebul mecnierebaTa monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

radganac sakiTxisadmi kompleqsuri midgoma yovelTvis sakiTxSi 

ukeTesad garkvevisa da efeqturad gadawyvetis saSualebas 

iZleva. 

Cven gvinda SevexoT erT-erT urTules da kriminologiaSi 

praqtikulad Seuswavlel sakiTxs _ aracnobieri fsiqikuris 

gavlena danaSaulis motivaciaze da damnaSavis resocializaciaze. 

rogorc sayovelTad cnobilia, adamianis fsiqikuri procesebi 

ar amoiwureba mxolod cnobierebiT da masSi udidesi adgili 

uWiravs aracnobier fsiqikur procesebs, romlebic didwilad 

zemoqmedeben adamianis qcevaze da mniSvnelovnad gansazRvraven 

mas. 

Cveni naSromis mizans warmoadgens imis Cveneba, Tu ramdenad 

seriozul gavlenas axdenen aracnobieri fsiqikuri procesebi, 

ara mxolod danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis realizaciaze, maT 

motivaciaze, aramed raoden didi mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondeT 

maT damnaSavis gamosworebasa da resocializaciisaTvis da 

danaSaulis prevenciisaTvis. 

1. aracnobieri fsiqikuris gavlena danaSaulis motivaciaze. 

motivis warmoSoba ukavSirdeba individis moTxovnilebas, 

mis ganwyobas da garemos. motivaciis dros xdeba fsiqikur 

procesTa da mdgomareobaTa, cnobierisa da aracnobieris ur- 

TierTqmedeba. fsiqologebi miuTiTeben, rom SeiZleba gamoiyos 

adamianis qcevis motivis ori done — xiluli da uxilavi. meore 

done warmoadgens qmedebis sazrisis matarebels, e.i. Seicavs pasuxs, 

Tu ratom xdeba esa Tu is qmedeba, risTvis realizdeba igi. 

v. iadovi aRniSnavs, rom arsebobs ganwyobaTa ierarqia. am ierarqiis 

pirvel dones warmoadgenen aracnobieri fsiqikuri proce-


sebi. meore dones qmnian fiqsirebuli socialuri ganwyobebi, 

romlebic moqmedeben gansazRvrul situaciebSi. mesame dones 

qmnian sabazo socialuri ganqyobebi, romlebic gansazRvraven 

adamianis interesTa dominirebad mimarTulebebs saqmianobis 

ama Tu im sferoSi. meoTxe done aris adamianis RirebulebaTa 

sistema, misi zneobrivi, samarTlebrivi, politikuri da sxva 

msoflmxedveloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianSi fsiqikuri procesebi 

erTdroulad ramodenime doneze mimdinareoben da maTi 

erTmaneTisagan gaTiSva did Secdomas warmoadgens. 1 

arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca konkretuli moqmedebis Cadenisas 

adamianSi SeiZleba upiratesi gamovlineba hpovos qveda 

doneze mimdinare fsiqikurma procesebma da maT gansazRvron 

misi moqmedeba. es damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad Zlieria 

adamianSi esa Tu is done da ramdenad SeuZlia zeda doneebs qveda 

donis kompensireba. yvelaze naTlad aseTi SemTxvevebi vlindeba 

stresul, afeqtur, impulsur moqmedebebSi, fsiqikuri 

darRvevebis situaciebSi. aracnobieris zemoqmedebis qveS adamiani 

irCevs qcevis im variants, romelic yvelaze metad Seesabameba 

mocemul momentSi mis ganwyobas. amitom, xSiria SemTxvevebi, 

roca marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadenisas mis mier ar 

xdeba qmedebis realuri motivis gacnobiereba. 

fsiqologebi aRniSnaven, rom arseboben e.w. fsevdo da namdvili 

motivebi. fsevdo motivebs miekuTvnebian iseTi motivebi, 

romelTa meSveobiTac adamianebi cdiloben axsnan sakuTari 

moqmedebebi, maSin roca maTi moqmedebis namdvili motivebi maT 

mier ar aris gacnobierebuli. magaliTad, axalgazrda kaci konfliqturi 

situaciis Semdeg, sadac mas Seuracyofa miayenes da 

daamcires, brundeboda Sin. gzad axalgazrda qalis da mamakacis 

kamaTs Seeswro da dainaxa, rom mamakacma xeli gaartya qals. man 

aiRo iqve dagdebuli rkinis naWeri da ramdenjerme daartya mamakacs. 

rogorc Semdgom man axsna, is cdilobda daecva qali Zaladobisa 

da Seuracyofisagan. sinamdvileSi, misi aseTi qcevis 

realuri motivi ganpirobebuli iyo ara qalis dacvis surviliT, 

aramed sakuTari Selaxuli Rirsebis kompensaciis moTxovniT. 

swored aracnobierma fsiqikurma procesebma, romlebic ar 

iyo naTlad gacnobierebuli subieqtis mier konkretul Sem- 

TxvevaSi, gamoiwvies misi mxridan aRniSnuli qmedebis Cadena. 

rogorc Cans, aq saubaria orgvar motivze. m. neimarki aRniSnavs, 

rom arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca qmedeba qezdeba rogorc cnobierad 

miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT, aseve aracnobieri moTxovnilebiT. 

verc erTze ver vityviT, rom mas ara aqvs motivaciuri 

1 А. Ф. Зелинский. Осознаваемое и неосознаваемое в преступном поведении. 

Харьков, 1986, gv. 45-47. 

101


funqcia. realurad orive motivebi iwvevs qmedebas. ufro metic, 

es motivebi TiTqos inawileben erTmaneTSi ,,movaleobebs”. 

aracnobieri uzrunvelyofs adamianisaTvis saWiro rezultats, 

cnobieri uzrunvelyofs piris emociur damokidebulebas Tavisi 

qmedebisadmi. 1 

rogorc vxedavT, cnobieri motivebi aq erTgvar fars, dacvas 

warmoadgenen, romliTac pirovneba cdilobs axsnas Tavisi 

moqmedeba, Tumca moqmedebis realuri motivi sul sxvaa. rogorc 

fsiqologebi da fsiqofiziologebi aRniSnaven, adamianis 

qcevis (maT Soris marTlsawinaaRmdego) zusti motive rom davadginoT, 

aucilebelia xangrZlivi drois manZilze adamianis 

qcevis analizi im subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

romlebic adamians da mis konkretul moqmedebas 

axasiaTebda. ganasxvaveben motivis or mxares: Sinaarsobrivs da 

dinamiurs. Sinaarsobrivi mxare aris qmedebis cnobieri dasabu- 

Tebuloba, anu cnobieri warmodgena qmedebis mizezebis Sesaxeb, 

xolo dinamiur mxares warmoadgens emociuri gancdebi, romlebic 

gamoixateba survilebSi, miswrafebebSi, ltolvebSi. eqsperimentalurad 

dadgenilia, rom xSirad adamianis mier adekvaturad 

arcerTi mxare ar cnobierdeba. swored aseT SemTxveveb- 

Si saubroben e.w. umitivo, gaurkveveli motivaciis danaSaulze. 

rogorc specialur literaturaSi aRniSnaven, aseTi gaucnobiereblobis 

mizezi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom adamianis fsiqikidan 

xdeba moqmedebis gamomwvevi im faqtorebis gandevna, romlebic 

adamianze damTrgunvel, matravmirebel zemoqmedebas axdenen 

da mis mier sakuTari moqmedeba aixsneba sxva, misTvis ufro misa- 

Rebi, sasurveli motivebiT. magaliTad, vinme an-ma Tavis Svils 

da meuRles miayena sxeulis mZime dazianeba. Tavisi moqmedeba 

axsna imiT, rom isini mas ar usmendnen, mis azrs ar iTvaliswinebdnen 

da ojaxis biujets TavianTi Sexedulebisamebr gankargavdnen. 

sinamdvileSi misi aseTi moqmedeba iyo gamowveuli ojaxSi 

dominirebis surviliT, magram misTvis amis aRiareba fsiqologiurad 

iyo damTrgunveli, amitom is Tavis moqmedebas sxvagvarad 

xsnida. 2 

xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca adamiani, miuxedavad imisa, rom 

acnobierebs Tavis moqmedebas, mis Sedegs, icis ra SeiZleba moyves 

amas misTvis, mainc cadis aseT qmedebas. rogorc fiziologebi 

aRniSnaven, adamianis tvinSi arseboben gansakuTrebuli 

1 М. С. Неймарк. О соотношении осознаваемых и неосознаваемых мотивов в поведении 

характеризующем направленность личности подростков, – «Вопросы 

психологии» . №5, 1968, gv. 104-110. 

2 А. Ф. Зелинский. Осознаваемое и неосознаваемое в преступном поведении, gv. 

60. 

102


struqturebi, romelTa funqcias warmoadgens adamianSi dadebiTi 

da uaryofiTi gancdebis formireba. aqedan gamomdinare, 

adamianSi arsebobs aracnobieri ltolva iseTi situaciebisadmi, 

sadac es fiziologiuri sistemebi miiReben adekvatur stimulirebas, 

anu adamianSi arsebobs aracnobieri ltolva ara 

mxolod dadebiTi, aramed uaryofiTi emociebis miRebisaken. 1 

adamianis nervul centrebSi mimdinareobs motivaciuri 

energiis Tavmoyra, manam, sanam es energia ar iqneba gaTavisuflebuli 

ganmuxtviTi impulsiT. Tu ar xdeba am energies ganmuxtva, 

Cndeba damaxinjebuli an arasruli reaqcia, roca energia 

TviTon ikvlevs gzas da eZebs ganmuxtvis impulsebs. akumulirebuli 

energiis arseboba adamianSi, romelic vlindeba dadebiTi 

emociebis moTxovnilebaSi warmoadgens gaucnobierebel motivaciur 

faqtors, romelic aiZulebs adamians daisaxos garkveuli 

miznebi, raTa miiRos is emociuri gancdebi, rac am miznis 

miRwevas ukavSirdeba. rac Seexeba uaryofiTi emociebis sistemas, 

misi neironebi, Tu isini ar iReben ganmuxtviT impulsebs, 

axdenen spontanur ganmuxtvas, ra drosac xdeba im impulsebis 

generireba, romlebic ayalibeben yaryofiT emociebs. aqedan gamomdinare, 

uaryofiTi emociuri sistema, romelic moklebulia 

adekvatur stimulirebas gareSe zemoqmedebisagan, SeuZlia 

spontanurad gamoiwvios emociurad uaryofiTi gancdebi, romelTa 

mizezi adamianisaTvis rCeba gaucnobierebeli. 2 uaryofi- 

Ti emociebis sistemis aqtivacia saboloo jamSi ganpirobebulia 

dadebiTi emociebis sistemis aqtivaciis moTxovnilebiT, 

anu adamianis moTxovnilebiT miiRos siamovneba. 

adamianis nebismieri moqmedebis mizani aris garkveuli siamovnebis, 

kmayofilebis miReba, xolo Tu es ver miiRweva dadebi- 

Ti motivaciiT, adamians uaqtiurdeba uaryofiTi motivaciis 

sistema, romelic saboloo jamSi konkretul marTlsawinaaRmdego 

moqmedebaSi SeiZleba gamovlindes. dadebiTi da uaryofiTo 

motivaciis sistemebi erToblivi funqcionirebisas ewinaaRmdegebian 

adamianSi `wesrigis~ biologiur instinqts da iwveven 

adamianSi periodulad am instinqtis darRvevis moTxovnilebas. 

isini qmnian erTgvar qanqarisebur sistemas, romelic 

garkveuli kanonzomierebiT iwvevs adamianis fsiqikis gadaxras 

nulovani emociuri mdgomareobidan. aseTi meqanizmi uzrun- 

1 В. А. Файвишевский. О существовании неосознанных негативных мотиваций и 

их проявлении в поведении человека, – wgn.: Бессознательное: Природа, функции, 

методы исследования. В 4 томах. Под общей редакцией А. С. Прангишвили, А. Е. 

Шерозия, Ф. В. Бассина. Т. 3. Тб., 1978, gv. 433. 


их проявлении в поведении человека, gv. 438-439. 

103

104 


velyofs adamianis mudmiv aqtivobas nebismier socialur garemoSi. 

1 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis araerTi muxli miuTiTebs danaSaulis 

motivze, rogorc qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis 

aucilebel niSanze. mTel rig muxlebSi aseT miTiTebas ver 

vxvdebiT, magram es imas ar niSnavs, TiTqos am danaSaulis umotivod 

Cadena SesaZlebelia. motivi adamianis qcevis mamoZravebel 

Zalas warmoadgens, magram rogorc zemoT Tqmulidan Cans, 

adamianis qcevis mamotivirebel faqtorebs, maT Soris marTlsawinaaRmdego 

qcevisas, warmoadgenen rogorc cnobieri ise aracnobieri 

fsiqikuri procesebi. aracnobieri fsiqikuris garkveva 

SesaZleblobas iZleva pasuxi gaeces iseT umniSvnelovanes 

kiTxvebze, rogoricaa: 1) ratom xdeba iseTi danaSaulis Cadena, 

romelTa motivebi araa nateli; 2) ratom idens konkretu;li 

adamiani mocemul situaciaSi swored am da ara sxva danaSauls; 

3) ra gavlenas axdens aracnobieri danaSaulis cnobieri motivebis 

formirebaze; 4) ra rols asruleben avtomatizmebi da aracnobieris 

sxva analogiuri elementebi gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis 

CadenaSi. mTeli rigi danaSaulis ( mag. mkvleloba, xulignoba) 

motivebi devs adamianis fsiqikis siRrmeSi da mis mier naTlad 

ar cnobierdeba, ris gamoc adamianebi ver axdenen sakuTari 

qmedebebis analizs da TviTkontrols. 2 mkvlelobebis da janmrTelobis 

dazianebis erT-erT yvelaze gavrcelebul motivs 

warmoadgens SesaZlo, xSirad ararsebuli agresiissgan Tavdacva. 

aq saubaria fsiqologiuri dacvis Sesaxeb da es ise ar unda 

gavigoT, TiTqos aq saubari iyos aucilebeli mogeriebis, an sxva 

SemTxvevebze. gamoZiebis da sasamarTlos mier aseTi qmedebebis 

kvalifikacia xdeba rogorc xulignuri, an sxva qvenagrZnobiT 

Cadenilis, rac srulad ver asaxavs am qmedebaTa realuri motivis 

sakiTxs. amis sailustraciod SesaZloa Semdegi magaliTis 

moyvana. an-ma mokla Tavisi meuRle mas Semdeg, rac man ganucxada, 

rom apirebda masTan ganqorwinebas. gamoZiebis mier qmedeba 

dakvalificirda mkvlelobad eWvianobis niadagze. rogorc saqmis 

masalebidan dadginda meuRleebs Soris ar iyo Tbili urTierToba. 

maT xSirad hqondaT konfliqtebi. an-ma aseve icoda, 

rom misi meuRle sxva kacebs xvdeboda, magram man mkvleloba 

mxolod mas Semdeg Caidina, roca gaigo, rom is masTan ganqorwinebas 

apirebda. sasamarTloze man ganacxada, rom miuxedavad 


их проявлении в поведении человека, – wgn.: Бессознательное: Природа, функции, 

методы исследования. В 4 томах. Под общей редакцией А. С. Прангишвили, А. Е. 

Шерозия, Ф. В. Бассина. Т. 4. Тб., 1985, gv. 331. 

2 Криминальная мотивация. Под редакцией В. Н. Кудрявцева. М., 1986, gv. 160- 

161.


konfliqturi urTierTobisa, mas mainc uyvarda meuRle da ar 

undoda ganqorwineba. Cveni azriT, am danaSaulis realuri motivi 

swored aq unda veZioT. am mkvlelobis motivi aris ara eWvianoba, 

radganac an-ma icoda, rom mas meuRle Ralatobda, aramed 

sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis gancda, da amave dros sakuTari 

`me~-s demonstrirebis aracnobieri survili. am SemTxvevaSi 

araa gamoricxuli eWvianobasac garkveuli motivaciuri funqcia 

Seesrulebina, Tumca is ar iyo pirvelxarisxovani da aRniSnuli 

qmedebis Cadenas am saxiT, Cveni azriT, ver gamoiwvevda. am 

magaliTidan Cans, rom xSirad konkretuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis 

motivi srulebiTac ver asaxavs am qmedebis namdvil, realur 

motivs, radganac is adamianis cnobierebis zedapirze ar 

imyofeba da mxolod aracnobiered axdens gavlenas masze. amitomaa, 

rom adamianebi xSirad ver xsnian TavianTi marTlsawinaaRmdego 

qmedebis motivs, an xsnian mas fsevdo, moCvenebiTi motiviT. 

aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom aracnobieris gavleniT adamianma 

SeiZleba Caidinos ara mxolod marTlsawinaaRmdego, aramed 

marTlzomieri, pozitiuri qmedeba. aracnobieri fsiqikuri 

ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqos is mxolod negatiuri, marTlsawinaaRmdego 

qcevis mamotivirebeli iyos. Zalian xSirad Tavdadebis, 

altruizmis, gmirobis aqti SeiZleba swored aracnobieri 

fsiqikuris gavleniT iqnes Cadenili. yovelive ki saboloo jam- 

Si damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra principebis, Rirebulebebis matarebelia 

esa Tu is adamiani. 

2. aracnobieri fsiqikuris gavlena danaSaulis profilaqtikaze 

da damnaSavis resocializaciaze. aracnobierma 

fsiqikurma, Cveni azriT, SesaZlebelia seriozuli gavlena moaxdinos 

ara mxolod konkretuli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis 

Cadenaze, mis motivaciaze, aramed konkretuli damnaSavis gamosworebaze 

da axali danaSaulis Tavidan acilebaze. adamianis 

qcevis koreqciis dros mxedvelobaSi aris misaRebi ara mxolod 

garemos faqtorebi (ojaxi, socialuri wre, Tanatolebi da sxv.), 

aramed konkretuli adamians genotipi da misi urTierTqmedeba 

konkretul socialur garemosTan. rogorc mecnierebi aRniSnaven, 

arsebobs genotipisa da garemos urTierTqmedebis ori ZiriTadi 

varianti. pirveli gulisxmobs rom garemos pirobebi axdenen 

adamianebze gansxvavebul gavlenas misi genotipis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

meore ki, rom genotipur da garemos faqtorebs Soris 

arsebobs korelacia. garemosa da genotipis urTierTqmedebis 

sakiTxi miekuTvneba iseT SemTxvevebs, roca erTi da imave garemo 

pirobebSi garemos zemoqmedebis Sedegebi arian gansxvavebuli 

adamianTa Soris genetikuri gansxvavebulobis gamo. genotip 

garemos korelacia aRwers iseT situaciebs, roca adamiane- 

105


bi, romlebic arian gansxvavebuli genotipis matareblebi, amave 

dros ganicdian garemos gansxvavebul gavlenas, Tumca garemos 

zemoqmedeba araa damoukidebeli maTi genotipisagan. rogorc 

gamokvlevebiTaa dadgenili garemos ama Tu im faqtorTa gavlena 

SeiZleba naTlad gamovlindes im SemTxvevebSi, Tu isini zemoqmedeben 

TandaTanobiT drois xangrZliv monakveTSi. amave 

dros mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom garemos faqtorebi 

ar axdenen uSualo zemoqmedebas adamianze da maTi gavlena 

SeiZleba gamovlindes bevrad ufro gvian. garkveuli drois gasvlis 

Semdeg. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom gansxvavebuli garemos 

pirobebma SeiZleba srulebiT ar gamoiwvios gansxvavebuli 

fsiqologiuri Tvisebebis ganviTareba, aramed piriqiT gansxvavebuli 

garemo SeiZleba gaxdes msgavsi fsiqologiuri Tvisebebis 

ganviTarebis mizezi, maSin roca erTi da igive garemo 

gansxvavebuli Tvisebebisa. mag., dedis erTma da imave pirovnulma 

Taviseburebebma SeiZleba bavSvebze iqonios gansxvavebuli 

gavlena, maTi individualuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT 

da piriqiT bavSvebisadmi gansxvavebulma damokidebulebam SeiZleba 

erTi da igive Sedegi gamoiwvios. 1 

rogorc fsiqologebi aRniSnaven antisocialuri qcevis 

ganwyoba adamians uyalibdeba, rogorc wesi bavSvobis asakSi. 

rogorc viciT, ganwyoba aris fsiqologiuri mzaobis mdgomareoba 

garkveuli qcevisaken, moqmedebisaken, romlis arsebobis Sesaxeb 

adamianma SeiZleba arc ki icodes am mdgomareobis maprovocirebeli 

situaciis warmoSobamde. erTxel Camoyalibebuli 

ganwyoba SesaZlebelia iyos miZinebuli garkveul dromde, sanam 

misi moqmedeba ar iqneba provocirebuli Sesabamisi situaciiT. 

adamianSi ganwyoba yalibdeba obieqturi da subieqturi faqtorebis 

zemoqmedebiT. asocialuri ganwyobis formirebis procesSi 

xdeba moTxovnilebaTa transformacia da yalibdeba gaukuRmarTebuli 

moTxovnilebebi. aseve asocialuri qcevis damagreba 

xdeba cnobierebis mier arakontrolirebadi avtomatizmebis 

doneze, rac iwvevs fiqsirebuli ganwyobis Camoyalibebas. 

2 

am mxriv saintereso magaliTs vxvdebiT beliCevas statia- 

Si. 16 wlis mozardi iyo axalgazrduli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis 

lideri, romelsac hqonda Cadenili araerTi ZaladobiTi 

1 

М. С. Егорова, Н. М. Зырянова, О. В. Паршикова, С. Д. Пьянкова, Ю. Д. 

Черткова. Генотип. Среда. Развитие. М., 2004. gv. 40-41. 

2 III.3. Проблема неосознаваемой регуляции преступного повеления в превентивной 

теории и практике. – wgn.: С. А. Беличева. Основы превентивной 

психологии. М., 1994. el. versia: http://poznaisebya.com/book/sociopsy/belicheva/- 

gl11.shtm. 

106


danaSauli, maT Soris mkvlelobebi, gaupatiurebebi, yaCaRobebi. 

misi fsiqologiuri eqspertizis dros dadgenili iqna misi 

qcevis cnobieri da aracnobieri regulatorebis SeuTanxmebloba. 

erTis mxriv, mas SeeZlo sworad Seefasebia Tavisi da sxvisi 

moqmedebebi, mieca zusti Sefaseba Tavisi jgufis wevrebis Sesaxeb, 

maTi naklovanebebi da Rirsebebi, iyo TviTkritikuli, 

kicxavda Tavis Tavs sisastikisaTvis, romelic vlindeboda 

calkeul maprovocirebel situaciebSi. is aRniSnavda rom sisastikis 

magaliTebs, mas aZlevda mamamisi, romelic sastikad 

eqceoda garSemomyofebs. bavSvobis erT-erT aseT magonebad mas 

axsendeba, Tu rogor cdilobda mamamisi SarfiT daekidebina misi 

umcrosi Zma. es qceva iqna bukvalurad ganmeorebuli mis mier, 

roca erT-erTi Tavdasxmis dros man uecrad swored aseTi 

xerxiT moaxrCo dazaralebuli. rogorc statiis avtori aRniSnavs, 

cnobieri da aracnobieri sferos SeuTanxmebloba, sisastikis 

gamovlinebebi mowmoben im fiqsirebuli ganwyobis Sesaxeb, 

romelic Camoyalibda adreul bavSvobaSi da romelic vlindeba 

aracnobieri avtomatizmebis doneze. 1 

adreul asakSi Camoyalibebuli fiqsirebuli ganwyobis Taviseburebas 

warmoadgens misi mdgradoba da simyare, romlis safuZvels 

warmoadgens myarad Camoyalibebuli dinamiuri stereotipi. 

amitom, fiqsirebul ganwyobaTa cvla Zalzed rTul saqmes 

warmoadgens da xSirad arc eqvemdebareba koreqcias. am 

mxriv fsiqologebi gvTavazoben STagonebis, TviTSTagonebis, 

autotreningis, socialur-fsiqologiuri treningis meTodebis 

gamoyenebas, romlebic uSualod mimarTuli arian aracnobier 

sferoze da saSualebas iZlevian ufro efeqturad moxdes 

arasocialur ganwyobaTa neitralizeba da blokireba da maT 

adgilze axal ganwyobaTa Camoyalibeba. 

amerikeli fsiqiatri d. konori miuTiTebs rom, agresia absoluturad 

normalur da xSir qcevas warmoadgens patara bav- 

SvebSi. agresiis jansaRi aspeqtebi xels uwyoben sakuTari interesebis 

dacvas. sxva adamianebTan urTierTobas, paeqrobas Tama- 

SebSi da yoveldRiuri problemebis warmatebul gadawyvetas. aq 

mxedvelobaSia e.w. adapturi agresia, romelic araa mimarTuli 

sxvisTvis zianis miyenebaze. rogorc gamokvlevebiTaa dadgenili 

agresiiis es forma saTanado koreqciuli Carevis SemTxveva- 

Si ar warmoadgens problemas da is TavisTavad gaivlis, rac Seexeba 

araadaptiur agresias, romelsac bavSvi iCens mcirewlovnebis 

asakSi, mas gacilebiT seriozuli Careva da yuradReba sWir- 

1 III.3. Проблема неосознаваемой регуляции преступного повеления в превентивной 

теории и практике. – wgn.: С. А. Беличева. Основы превентивной 

психологии. М., 1994. el. versia: http://poznaisebya.com/book/sociopsy/belicheva/- 

gl11.shtm. 

107

108 


deba, radganac is gamoirCeva mdgradobiT da xangrZlivobiT da 

SesaZlebelia asakTan erTad ufro mZime xasiaTi miiRos. mag. 

londonSi Catarebuli kvlevebis mixedviT, sadac iqna gamokvleuli 

185 bavSvi 4 wlis asakSi da gamovlenili iqna agresiuloba, 

igive bavSvebis 61%, 9-10 wlis asakSi gamokvlevisas aseve 

avlenda agresiulobis maRal dones. faringtonis gamokvlevebiT 

49% im bavSvebisa, romlebsac 8-10 wlis asakSi gamouvlindaT 

araadaptiuri agresia. es mdgomareoba SeunarCundaT 32 

wlis asakSic. 1 gamokvlevebiT dadgenilia, rom agresiuloba adreul 

bavSvobaSi seriozul negatiur gavlenas axdens zrdasrulobisas 

qcevis formaze. imis mixedviT, Tu ra tipis agresiul 

qcevasTan gvaqvs saqme profilaqtikuri RonisZiebani SeiZleba 

sxvadasxvagvari iyos. mag. mdgradi agresia adreul asakSi SeiZleba 

iyos fsiqopaTologiis forma da moiTxovdes fsiqiatriul 

Carevas, maT Soris farmakologiursac. kumulaciuri qvetipi 

SeiZleba warmoadgendes SeZenil da adaptaciur reaqcias gareSe 

pirobebze (adaptiuri agresia) da moiTxovdes multimodalur-ekonomikur 

(mSobelTa da ojaxis mxardaWera) adreuli koreqciuli 

Careva pedagogiuri, fsiqokoreqciuli RonisZiebebiT. 

2 vfiqrobT, sainteresoa am mxriv hipnozis zemoqmedeba adamianze. 

rogorc cnobilia hipnoturi seansis dros SesaZlebelia 

adamians STaagonon esa Tu is moqmedeba, romelsac is rogorc 

wesi, seansis Semdeg Seasrulebs. aseve SesaZlebelia misgan 

informaciis miReba, romelic mas ar surs rom gaTqvas, an ubralod 

ver ixsenebs. Tumca amave dros, rogorc aRniSnaven specialistebi 

klinikuri dakvirvebebiT dadasturebulia, rom hipnotur 

mdgomareobaSi yofnisas piri inarCunebs kontrols hipnotur 

situaciaze. magaliTad SesaZlebelia adamians aiZulo iseT 

moqmedebaTa Sesruleba, romlebic misTvis miuRebelia, anu adamiani 

hipnotur mdgomareobaSic ki inarCunebs unars da Tavisuflebas 

miiRos Tu ara hipnozi. 3 

amave dros unda gvaxsovdes, rom aq saubaria iseT SemTxvevebze 

roca hipnotiziori da misi pacienti imyofebian Cveulebriv 

mdgomareobaSi, romelic araa ganpirobebuli raime damokidebulebiTi 

urTierTobiT maT Soris. xolo Tu adamiani gamo- 

1 Д. Коннор. Агрессия и антисоциальное поведение у детей и подростков: исследования 

и терапевтические стратегии. Современное пособие по дисциплинам, связанным 

с детским и подростковым возрастом. Перевод с английского. Под общей 

научной редакцией А. А. Алексеева. СПб, 2005, gv. 32-33. 

2 Д. Коннор. Агрессия и антисоциальное поведение у детей и подростков: исследования 

и терапевтические стратегии. Современное пособие по дисциплинам, связанным 

с детским и подростковым возрастом, gv. 46-47. 

3 

Л. П. Гримак. Гипноз и преступность. М., 1997, gv. 96-97.


irCeva STagonebis maRali unariT, an aqvs fsiqikis defeqti da 

sxva, misi gipnotur mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba gacilebiT advilia. 

praqtikaSi moipoveba uamravi SemTxvevebi, roca gipnozis zemoqmedebis 

qveS myofi adamiani idenda ama Tu im qmedebas (maT 

Soris danaSaulsac). gipnozis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia adamianis 

qcevis kodireba, mexsirebis blokireba, STagoneba, misi umweo 

mdgomareobaSi moqceva da a.S. rogorc mkvlevarebi aRniSnaven 

hipnozis gamoyenebas aqvs rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofi- 

Ti mxareebi. hipnozis gamoyeneba ar iZleva 100% garantias imisa, 

rom piri swored ise ganaxorcielebs moqmedebas, rogorc es 

misTvis iyo STagonebuli. garda amisa SesaZlebelia zianis miyeneba 

TviT hipnoziT, rogorc fsiqofiziologiuri procesiT, 

romelic uaryofiTad imoqmedebs fsiqikaze da organizmis sxva 

funqcionalur sistemebze, aseve mxedvelobaSia misaRebi hipnozSi 

uaryofiTi informaciis mravaljeradi zrdis saSiSroeba, 

ris Sedegadac uaryofiTi gamaRizianeblebi SeiZleba gaxdes 

saSiSi paTogenuri faqtori ara mxolod janmrTelobisaTvis, 

aramed sicocxlisTvisac. 1 Cven vfiqrobT, hipnozis gamoyeneba 

SesaZlebelia konkretuli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebaTa Tavidan 

acilebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT efeqturi is SeiZleba iyos 

arasrulwlovanTa qcevis koreqciisaTvis, raTa moxdeba konkretuli 

marTlsawinaaRmdego gamovlinebebis, asocialuri 

qcevis ganwyobaTa blokireba. Tumca aqve unda iTqvas, rom amas 

gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT midgoma sWirdeba da is aucileblad 

unda ganxorcieldes profesionali da gamocdili specialistis 

mier, raTa ar moxdes raime Secdomis daSveba. 

rac Seexeba profilaqtikur RonisZiebebs, rogorc vxedavT 

ZiriTadad profilaqtika unda iyos mimarTuli adreul 

asakze, roca pirovnebas uyalibdeba antisocialuri ganwyoba, 

radganac am etapze pozitiuri Sedegis miRweva ufro advilia 

da ufro met SemTxvevaSi aris SesaZlebeli. sxva SemTxvevebSi is 

gacilebiT ufro met dros, energias da saxsrebs moiTxovs da 

efeqtic naklebi aqvs. midgoma profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebisadmi 

yovelTvis kompleqsuri unda iyos, anu araa mizanSewonili 

raime erT RonisZiebaze orientireba. yovelTvis ukeTesia 

maTi kompleqsurad da urTierTSeTanxmebulad gatareba, radganac 

adamianis ganwyobis, maTi Rirebulebebis xasiaTis koreqtireba 

urTulesi da xSirad miuRweveli amocanac ki aris. 

daskvna. Cven SevecadeT gveCvenebina, rom aracnobieri 

fsiqikuri procesebi gavlenas axdenen adamianis qcevebze da aZleven 

mas ama Tu im mimarTulebas. isini vlindebian adamianis nebismier 

qcevaSi, magram unda iTqvas, rom gansakuTrebiT mkafiod 

maTi kvali Cans impulsur, CveviT moqmedebebSi, aseve im Sem- 

1 

Л. П. Гримак. Гипноз и преступность, gv. 115-116. 

109


TxvevebSi, roca pirs aqvs fsiqikis defeqti, anomalia imyofeba 

stresul viTarebaSi. 

rogorc davinaxeT aracnobieri fsiqikuris sferos didi 

mniSvneloba aqvs danaSaulis prevenciis da damnaSavis antisocialuri 

ganwyobis, stereotipebis koreqcirebis saqmeSi. antisocialuri 

ganwyobis Camoyalibeba rogorc wesi adamianSi bav- 

Svobis asakSi xdeba da mas multifaqtoruli xasiaTi aqvs. amitom 

Zalze mniSvnelovania adreul etapze iqnes igi gamovlenili, 

raTa gacilebiT ufro efeqturad da naklebi ZalisxmeviT 

moxdes misi Secvla da koreqcia. am saqmeSi didi wvlili SeuZlia 

Seitanos fsiqoanalizis meTodis gamoyenebam im pirebSi vinc gamoirCeva 

agresiulobiT, aRgznebadobiT, aqvs sxvadasxva kompleqsebi, 

romlebic arTuleben maT socializacias da garemos- 

Tan Seguebas. prevenciis RonisZiebebis dagegmvisas unda iqnes 

gaTvaliswinebuli faqtorebis mravali jgufi (ojaxi, socialuri 

wre, ganaTleba, xasiaTis Tvisebebi da sxv.) aseve aucilebelia 

saTanado specialistebis aqtiuri Cabma am saqmeSi, radgan 

maTi didi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZliaT damnaSaveebis winaaRmdeg 

brZolaSi. 

110


ALEXANDER GIORGIDZE 

THE INFLUENCE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHE 

ON THE MOTIVE FOR CRIME AND THE RESOCIALIZATION 

OF THE CRIMINAL 

In this article we consider the influence of the unconscious psychic on the 

motive for crime and the resocialization of the criminal. Unconscious psychic 

seriously impacts the motivation of human behaviour and illegal behavior 

among them. Under the influence of unconscious the human chooses the version 

of behavior that is the mostly appropriate for his mood at the moment. In this 

article author consider psychological literature about the motive and some psychologists 

view on unconscious nature and its influence to the criminal behavior. 

As for the preventive measures the prevention should mainly be directed to 

the early age when the antisocial mood is formed in person as at this age it is 

easier to achieve the positive results and iti is possible in more cases. In other 

cases it requires much more time, energy and funds and is less effective. The 

approach toward the preventive measures should always be complex i.e. it is not 

appropriate to accent some precise action. It is always better to implement the 

measures in complex, agreed way as correcting of human mood, honors and 

character is the most difficult and frequently unrealizable task. Proceeding from 

all the abovementioned we believe it is very important to consider the unconscious 

psychic processes for avoiding the crime and resocialization of criminal 

as far as we belive that considering these processes will make the fighting 

against crime and criminal more effective than thay are in case of ignoring the 

unconscious psychic processes. 

111

112 

irma gabelia 


kriminalizacia da masTan dakavSirebuli 

procesebi, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis 

kanonSemoqmedebis damoukidebeli 

mimarTulebani 

iuridiul literaturaSi kriminalizaciis urTules problemas 

naklebi yuradReba eqceva. arada, sisxlis samarTlis arsis 

gageba, imis axsnisa da dasabuTebis gareSe, Tu ratom xdeba 

garkveul qmedebaTa kriminalizacia an, piriqiT dekriminalizacia, 

SeuZlebelia. 

am problemis sirTuleze metyvelebs is garemoebac, rom 

ganmartebani, romelic kriminalizacias exeba, araerTgvarovania. 

yvela maTgani, SeiZleba or damoukidebel koncefcias mivakuTvnoT. 

erT-erTis momxreebi amtkiceben, rom kriminalizacia 

gulisxmobs ara mxolod axal danaSaulTa Semadgenlobebis Seqmnasa 

da kanonSi ganmtkicebas, aramed ukve arsebul SemadgenlobaTa 

CarCoebSi sanqciebis gazrdas, sasjelisagan gaTavisuflebis 

saxeebis gamoyenebisas calkeul SezRudvebs, zogadi xasiaTis 

normebis Seqmnas, romlebic iwvevn arasasurvel samarTlebriv 

SedegTa farTo speqtrs. 1 ufro metic, literaturaSi 

SeiZleba SvxvdeT kriminalizaciis iseT ganmartebasac, romlis 

Tanaxmad, kriminalizacia aris saxelmwifo organoebis saqmianoba, 

rac gamoixateba garkveuli pirebisadmi danaSaulis SeracxvaSi 

da maT mimarT sisxlis samarTlis sasjelis gamoyenebaSi. 

am gagebiT kriminalizaciis obieqts warmoadgens ara qmedebaTa 

garkveuli saxeebi, aramed calkeuli pirovnebebi an socialuri 

jgufebi. 2 

zemoT xsenebul avtorebs ver daveTanxmebiT, vinaidan Tu 

krimanilzacia gulisxmobs sanqciebis gazrdasa da gamoyenebas, 

maSin ismeba kiTxva: ra aris penalizacia penalizacia — es aris 

konkretuli danaSaulisaTvis sanqciis dadgena. imdenad, ramdenadac 

qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadeba ukve gulisxmobs sisxlis 

samarTlis sanqciis dadgenis aucileblobas, penalizaciis 

problema, arsebiTad gamoixateba, misi saxis, zomis gansazRvraSi. 

aqedan gamomdinare, penalizaciis sfero gulisxmobs, rogorc 

sanqciebis gazrdas, aseve TavisTavad mis gamoyenebasac. 

ase rom, Tu kriminalizacia moicavs qmedebis danaSaulad ga- 

1 Р. Р. Галиакбаров. Проблемы криминализаций многосубьектных общественно 

опасных деяний, – Актуальные проблемы криминализаций и декриминализаций 

общественно опасных деяний. Сборник научных трудов. Омск, 1980, gv. 40-41. 

2 

K. Luderssen. Kriminologie, einfuhrung in die probleme. Baden-Baden,1984, 

gv.161.


mocxadebas da plus amas sanqciis gazrdasa da gamoyenebasac, ma- 

Sin raRa saWiroa penalizaciis cneba Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, 

rom kriminalizaciis amgvari gageba winaaRmdegobaSia penalizaciis 

cnebasTan. marTalia, ar arsebobs kriminalizacia penalizaciis 

gareSe da piriqiT, magram penalizacia kanonSemoqmedebi- 

Ti saqmianobis damoukidebeli procesia da igi calke kvlevis 

obieqtia. meore, ufro tradiciuli koncefciis momxreni, kriminalizacias 

ganixilaven, rogorc danaSaulis saxiT „ama Tu im 

qmedebis (moqmedebis an umoqmedobis) legalur dadgenas“, 1 an 

rogorc „garkveul sazogadoebrivad saSiS qmedebaTa danaSaulad 

gamocxadebas“, 2 „kanonmdeblis mier sisxlissamarTlbrivi 

pasuxismgeblobis dadgenas sazogadoebrivad saSiSi qmedebisaTvis, 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi normis formis saxiT“, 3 „sisxlis 

samarTlis kanonSi qmedebis dadgenas sazogadoebrivad saSiSis, 

braleulisa da dasjadis saxiT“. 4 

Cveni azriT, kriminalizaciSi ar unda vigulisxmoT mxolod 

Sedegi, e. i. romeliRac qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadeba, 

vinaidan igi ufro farTo cnebaa. rogorc v. kudriavcevi miuTi- 

Tebs: `kriminalizacia farTo cnebaa da moicavs qmedebaTa garkveuli 

saxeebis danaSaulad da dasjadad aRiarebis rogorc 

process, aseve rezultats~. 5 am gansazRvrebas SeiZleba garkveulwilad 

daveTanxmoT, magram winaaRmdegoba TviT kriminalizaciis 

procesis araswor gagebaSi gvxvdeba. igi wers: `kriminalizaciis 

procesi gulisxmobs ama Tu im qmedebisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

pasuxismgeblobis dadgenis miznebis, safuZvlebisa 

da SesaZleblobebis gamovlenasa da sisxlis samarTlis kanonebis 

gamocemas, romlebic ganamtkiceben am gadawyvetilebas. 

kriminalizaciis Sedegi ki aris sisxlis samarTlis normaTa er- 

Toblioba, romlebic, Seicaven danaSaulTa CamonaTvals da maT- 

Tvis gaTvaliswinebul sasjelebs, agreTve sisxlissamarTleb- 

1 

Г. А. Злобин, С. Т. Келина. Некоторые теоретические вопросы криминализасий 

общественно опасных деяний, – kreb.: Проблемы правосудия и уголовного права. 

М., 1978, gv.108. 

2 Н. И. Загородников. Советская уголовная политика и деятельность органов 

внутренных дел. М, 1979, gv. 48. 

3 Б. П. Терентьев. НТР и вопросы криминализаций технической неосторожности, 

– Проблемы борьбы с преступной неосторожностью. Межвузовский тематический 

сборник. Владивосток, 1978, gv. 25. 

4 А. М. Яковлев. Методология и цели иследования процесса криминализаций, – 

Конституция СССР и дальнейшее укрепление законности и правопорядка, М., 

1979, Стр. 69. 

5 

Основания уголовно-правового запрета. М., 1982, gv. 17. 

113


rivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisa da misgan gaTavisuflebis 

safuZvlebsa da pirobebs~. 1 am mosazrebas ver daveTanxmebiT, 

dasasabuTeblad ki jer movitanT sityva `procesis~ ganmartebas: 

`procesi es aris Tanmimdevrul moqmedebaTa erToblioba, 

raRac Sedegis misaRwevad~. 2 

unda avRniSnoT, rom ama Tu im qmedebisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

pasuxismgeblobis dadgenis safuZvlebis, miznebisa 

Tu SesaZleblobebis gamovleniT ver miiRweva qmedebis dana- 

Saulad gamocxadeba. ra Tqma unda, imis gaTvaliswineba, Tu ramdenad 

efeqturi da mizanSewonili iqneba sasjelis gamoyeneba 

ama Tu im qmedebisaTvis, aucilebelia, magram igi qmedebis dana- 

Sulad gamocxadebis erTaderTi safuZveli ar aris. meore SeniSvna 

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom kriminalizacia sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kanonSemoqmedebis damoukidebeli procesia da misi Sedegi 

mxolod qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadebaa. rac Seexeba, mis- 

Tvis sanqciebis gansazRvras, igi penalizaciis sferoa.aqedan 

gamomdinare, kriminalizaciis Sedegi ar SeiZleba iyos sisxlis 

samarTlis norma, vinaidan igi kanonSemoqmedebis produqtia. 

rac Seexeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis 

safuZvlebs (asaki, Seracxadoba, brali), maTi miCneva kriminalizaciis 

Sedegad ar iqneboda marTebuli, radgan sisxlis samarTali 

qmedebis samarTalia da ara pirovnebis samarTali. kriminalizaciis 

obieqti mxolod gansazRvruli saxis sazogadoebrivad 

saSiSi qmedebaa da ara pirovneba (subieqti), Tumca marTalia 

qmedebaSi garkveulwilad subieqticaa gamoxatuli da igi 

kriminalizaciis obieqtis elementia, magram qmedeba da misi subieqti 

erTmaneTze ar dayvaneba da amitomac, kriminalizaciis 

Sedegi mxolod danaSauli SieZleba iyos. 

ar SeiZleba avtors imaSic daveTanxmoT, rom kriminalizaciis 

Sedegi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebis 

safuZvlebisa da pirobebis gansazRvraa. magram am 

sakiTxze qvemoT visaubrebT. maSasadame, kriminalizacia aris 

procesi, romelic Tanmimdevruli moqmedebebisagan Sedgeba da 

romelTa Sedegia qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadeba. ismeba 

kiTxva, raSi gamoixateba es moqmedebebi daviwyoT iqedan, rom 

kanonmdebeli roca qmedebas danaSaulad acxadebs (ra Tqma unda 

garkveuli safuZvlebis gaTvaliswinebiT), mag., `Zarcvas~, amiT 

igi ayalibebs `Zarcvis~ cnebas zogadad, rac garesinamdvilisadmi 

teoriuli damokidebulebis logikur formas warmoadgens, 

e.i. Teoriulad ukve arsebobs danaSaulis, kerZod, `zoga- 

1 Основания уголовно-правового запрета, gv. 17. 

2 Большая Советская Энциклопедия. Третье издание. М., 1972, gv. 161. 

114


di Zarcvis~ cneba, magrm Teoria Teoriaa da praqtika praqtika. 

amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom kanonmdebeli marto danaSaulis zogadi 

cnebis dadgeniT ar unda Semoifarglos, iqidan gamomdinare, 

rom `zogadi danaSaulis~, `zogadi Zarcvis~ praqtikulad 

ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia, iseve rogorc `zogadi qurdobis~, 

`zogadi mkvlelobis~ da a. S., e. i. kanonmdebelma unda izrunos 

imazec, rom ama Ti im konkretuli danaSaulis praqtikulad Cadenis 

yvelaSesaZlo varianti gaTvalos. mag., Zarcva Cadenili 

binaSi, sacavSi, Tu sadgomSi SeRweviT, romlebic Tavis mxriv 

danaSaulTa konkretul Semadgenlobebs warmoadgenen. magram, 

isic unda avRniSnoT, rom kanonmdebels danaSaulis Sesabamisi 

Semadgenlobebis Seqmna praqtikuli analizis anu qmedebis dana- 

Saulad kvalifikaciis sasamarTlo gamocdilebis gareSe ar SeuZlia, 

vinaidan danaSaulis Semadgenloba danaSaulis Cadenis 

praqtikis ZiriTadi maCvenebelia, ramdenadac danaSaulis Cadena 

mxolod danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebiT aris SesaZlebeli. 

amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom `danaSaulis~ an `danaSaulis~ 

Cadena ki ar xdeba, aramed xorcieldeba konkretuli dana- 

Saulis konkretuli Semadgenloba, rac SemdgomSi kvalificirdeba 

danaSaulad. rogorc, prof. g naWyebia aRniSnavs: `kanonmdebeli, 

rogorc sazogadoebrivi praqtikis subieqti, Tavdapirvelad 

wyvets im sakiTxas, Tu romeli sazogadoebrivad saSi- 

Si qmedeba CaiTvalos danaSaulad da mxolod amis Semdeg qmnis 

calkeul danaSaulTa Semadgen.lobebs, romelTa Sesabamisad 

esa Tu is danaSaulebrivi qmedeba xorcieldeba~. 1 am sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT sawinaaRmdego mosazreba gaaCnia a. korobeevs. igi 

wers: `mag., Zarcvis dispoziciaSi, iseTi makvalificirebeli niSnis 

CarTva, rogoricaa, `SenobaSi an sxva sacavSi SeRweva~, ar SeiZleba 

SevafasoT rogorc Zarcvis mocemuli nairsaxeobis kriminalizaciis 

aramed rogorc misi intensiurobis gaZliereba, 

Sesabamisad, `teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT~ Zarcvis gamoricxva 

danaSaulTa ricxvidan, dekriminalizaciad ki ar unda 

CaiTvalos, aramed rogorc kriminalizaciis intensiurobis Sesusteba~. 

2 

am mosazrebas ver daveTanxmebiT, radgan fraza `kriminalizaciis 

intensiuroba~ aramarTebulad aris gamoyenebuli. 

sityva ìntensiuroba~ aixsneba sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT: gaZlierebuli, 

mwarmoebluri. 3 pirveli mniSvnelobiT es fraza ase 

1 

g. naWyebia. qmedebis danaSaulad kavalifikaciis zogadi Teoriis 

Sesavali. Tb., 2000, gv. 60. 

2 А. И. Коробеев. Советская уголовно-правовая политика. Владивосток, 1987, gv. 

62. 

3 

Большая Советская Энциклопедия, gv. 316. 

115

116 


SeiZleba ganimartos: kriminalizaciis anu qmedebis danaSaulad 

gamocxadebis gaZliereba. Tu avtori am frazaSi gulisxmobs danaSaulad 

gamocxadebuli qmedebis nairsaxeobaTa raodenobriv 

zrdas, maSin es SeiZleba marTlac gaZlierebul kriminalizaciad 

CaiTvalos, magram ara kriminalizaciis etapze, aramed sakanonmdeblo 

saqmianobis analizisas. sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis 

analizs ki win uswrebs gasaanalizebeli moqmedebebi, am Sem- 

TxvevaSi ki qmedebaTa kriminalizacia. Zarcva `SenobaSi an sxva 

sacavSi SeRweviT~, xom Zarcvis praqtikulad ganxorcielebis 

erT-erTi xerxia, romelic danaSaulis Semadgenlobis saxiT unda 

dafiqsirdes Zarcvis dispoziciaSi. ase rom, Tu qmedeba jer 

danaSaulad ar gamovacxadeT, e.i. ar movaxdineT misi kriminalizacia, 

romel analizze da romel gaZlierebul kriminalizaciaze 

SeiZleba visaubroT rac Seexeba sityva ìntensiurobis~ meore 

mniSvnelobas —(mwarmoebluroba) — igi ufro Seesatyviseba 

kriminalizaciis cnebas, vinaidan kriminalizacia marTlac aris 

danaSaulTa axali Semadgenlobebis Seqmna. ase rom, avtori winaaRmdegobaSi 

vardeba, roca ambobs, rom danaSaulTa axali Semadgenlobebis 

Seqmna kriminalizaciad ki ar unda CaiTvalos, 

aramed kriminilizaciis intensiurobis gaZlierebad. 

kidev erTxel vimeorebT, rom fraza `kriminalizaciis intensiuroba~ 

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas mxolod sakanonmdeblo 

saqmianobis analizisas da ara im mniSvnelobiT, rogorc igi 

avtors aqvs warmodgenili. 

a. korobeevis azriT: `kriminalizacia — es aris, individualuri 

qcevis sazogadoebrivad saSiSi formebis gamovlenis, 

maTTan sisxlissamarTlebrivi brZolis daSvebis, SesaZleblobisa 

da mizanSewonilobis aRiarebisa da danaSaulebrivisa da 

dasjadis saxiT, maTi kanonSi fiqsaciis procesi~. 1 

unda avRniSnoT, rom qmedebis winaaRmdeg sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi brZolis SesaZlebloba da mizanSewoniloba kriminalizaciis 

safuZvlebs ganekuTvnebian, romlebzedac sxvaTa Soris, 

avtoric miuTiTebs. kerZod, igi wers: ìm faqtorebs (ratomRac 

avtori, dasaxelebul monografiaSi, safuZvlebs zogjer 

faqtorebsac uwodebs, rac CvenTvis gaugebaria, magram es 

faqti calke ganxilvis sagania da amitomac masze yuradRebas ar 

SevaCerebT — i.g.), romlebic ganapirobeben kriminalizacias ganekuTvnebian: 

`6. naklebad represiuli RonisZiebebiT maTTan 

warmatebuli brZolis SeuZlebloba; 7. maTze sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi saSualebebiT zemoqmedebis SesaZlebloba..~. 2 cxadia, 

marto am safuZvlebis gaTvaliswineba ar kmara imisaTvis, rom 

1 А. И. Коробеев. Советская уголовно-правовая политика, gv. 59. 

2 

А. И. Коробеев. Советская уголовно-правовая политика, gv. 66.


qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadebis sakiTxi gadawydes, rasac avtoric 

iTvaliswinebs, iqidan gamomdinare, rom am ori safuZvlis 

garda, mas kidev ocdasami safuZveli aqvs CamoTvlili. 1 ase 

rom, Cveni azriT, safuZvelTa am saxeebs araviTari upiratesoba 

ar gaaCniaT sxvebTan SedarebiT da maTi gamoyofa da Sesabamisad 

cnebaSi moTavseba ar aris mizanSewonili. 

meore mxriv, danaSaulebrivisa da dasjadis saxiT kanonSi 

qmedebis fiqsacia, anu normis Seqmna kriminalizaciis Sedegi ar 

aris, aqedan gamomdinare, arc kriminalizaciaa, vinaidan igi 

mxolod kanonSemoqmedebis produqtia. `sisxlis samarTlis kanoni 

danaSaulis Semadgenlobis SeqmniT da masTan sasjelis dakavSirebiT 

qmnis normas, romelic savaldebuloa Sesasruleblad 

yvela moqalaqisaTvis~. 2 

davubrundeT Cvens mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom kanonmdebelma 

romeliRac qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadebis Semdeg, 

unda izrunos am qmedebis praqtikulad Cadenis yvela SesaZlo 

variantis gaTvlazec (anu danaSaulTa Semadgenlobebis 

Seqmnaze, rac ufro rTulia, vidre danaSaulis zogadi cnebis 

Camoyalibeba), winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, adgili eqneba xarvezs 

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi. Cveni azriT, kriminalizacia 

aris individualuri qmedebis sazogadoebrivad saSiSi formis 

gamovlenis, misi praqtikulad Cadenis yvela SesaZlo variantis 

gaTvlisa da danaSaulis saxiT maTi sisxlis samarTlis kanonSi 

fiqsaciis procesi. Sesabamisad, dekriminalizacia — es 

aris danaSaulTa ricxvidan qmedebis gamoricxva. 

arasworad aqvs gagebuli a. korobeevs dekriminalizaciis 

arsic, iqidan gamomdinare, rom qmedebis gamoricxva danaSaul- 

Ta ricxvidan, misi azriT, dekriminalizacia ki ar aris, aramed 

kriminalizaciis intensivobis Sesustebaa. misi mosazrebiT: 

,,dekriminalizacia SeiZleba gaisazRvros, rogorc qmedebaTa 

sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis dakargvis safuZvlebis dadgenis, 

maTTan sisxlissamarTlebrivi brZolis mizanSeuwonlobis aRiarebisa 

da maTi dasjadobis gauqmebis procesi’’ 3 . Tu am ganmartebiT 

vimsjelebT, qmedebis danaSaulTa ricxvidan gamoricxva 

marTlac ar aris dekriminalizacia, misi warmodgeniT, qmedebis 

dasjadobis gauqmebas Seicavs, raSic ar SeiZleba mas daveTanxmoT. 

saqme isaa, rom qmedebis dasjadobis gauqmeba depenalizaciaa 

da ara dekriminalizacia. magram am daskvnamde avtori ver 

miva, radgan igi wers: `depenalizacia — es ukev kriminalizebul 

qmedebaTa CadenisaTvis sasjelis gamouyeneblobaa, agreTve 

1 А. И. Коробеев. Советская уголовно-правовая политика, gv. 66. 

2 T. wereTeli, g. tyeSeliaZe. moZRvreba danaSaulze. Tb., 1969, gv. 51. 

3 

А. И. Коробеев. Советская уголовно-правовая политика, gv. 59. 

117

118 


sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan da sasjelisagan 

gaTavisuflebis sxvadasxva saxeebis kanonSi dadgena da praqtikaSi 

gamoyeneba~. 1 v. kudriavcevi ki fiqrobs, rom sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba kriminalizaciis 

Sedegia, razedac ukve zemoT mogaxseneT. es mosazrebani Cven- 

Tvis misaRebi ar aris. jer erTi, gaugebaria fraza ùkve kriminalizebul 

qmedebaTa CadenisaTvis sasjelis gamouyenebloba~. 

Cveni azriT, igi ufro sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan 

da sasjelisagan gaTavisuflebas Seesabameba, vinaidan 

swored aRniSnul SemTxvevbSi dgeba sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad mizan- 

Sewonili iqneba sisxlis samarTlis subieqtis mimarT sasjelis 

gamoyeneba an gamouyenebloba. rac Seexeba, TviT sisxlissamar- 

Tlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan da sasjelisagan gaTavisuflebis 

saxeebis praqtikaSi gamoyenebas, maT depenalizacid miviCnevT, 

im mosazrebiT, rom rogorc cnobilia sasjelisagan gaTavisuflebis 

saxeebia: sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis Secvla ufro 

msubuqi saxis sasjeliT da sasjelis moxdis gadavadeba orsuli 

qalisaTvis, an qalisaTvis, romelsac hyavs xuT wlamde asakis 

Svili.am SemTxvevebSi romel depenalizaciaze SieZleba saubari, 

Tu sasjelisagan gaTavisuflebis es saxeebi, sasjelis faqtobriv 

moxdas gulisxmoben rac Seexeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

pasuxismgeblobisa da sasjelisagan gaTavisuflebis sxva saxeebis 

praqtikaSi gamoyenebas, gana SeiZleba isini depenalizaciad 

CaiTvalos, maSin roca, piri Tavisufldeba ara imitom, 

rom mis mier Cadenili qmedeba ar aris danaSauli, aramed imitom, 

rom marTlmsaju;lebis organo, konkretul garemoebebSi 

mizanSewonilad miiCnevs, rom aRar gamoiyenos sasjeli.aqedan 

gamomdinare, depenalizacia SeiZleba mxolod qmedebis danaSaulad 

gauqmebas anu dekriminalizacias davukavSiroT. rac Seexeba, 

zemoT dasaxelebul wamaxalisebel institutebs, kanonmdebeli 

xelmZRvanelobs ra humanizmisa da samarTlianobis principebiT, 

uSvebs am RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas, im 

TvalsazrisiT, rom konkretul SemTxvevebSi, mizanSeuwonelia 

piris micema sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi an mis mimarT 

sasjelis gamoyeneba, rac SeiZleba miCneul iqnes depenalizaciad, 

rac Seexeba v. kudriavcevis mosazrebas, kidev erTxel av- 

RniSnavT imas, rom kriminalizaciis Sedegi mxolod danaSauli 

SeiZleba iyos da ara sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan 

gaTavisufleba. 

rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, depenalizacia es aris garkveuli 

danaSaulebrivi qmedebis dasjadoobis Semsubuqeba an gauqmeba. 

depenalizacia Tavis mxriv, safexurebrivia, imdenad, ram- 

1 

А. И. Коробеев. Советская уголовно-правовая политика, gv. 139.


denadac qmedebis dasjadobis gauqmeba warmoadgens mxolod 

sruli depenalizaciis Sedegs. nawilobrivi depenalizacia niSnavs 

sasjelis Semsubuqebas, magram igi ar unda gavaigivoT dana- 

SaulTa darRvevebad gadakvalificirebasTan. amasTan nawilobrivi 

depenalizacia ar unda davikavSiroT dekriminalizacis, 

vinaidan igi gamoixateba mxolod im qmedebisaTvis sasjelis SemsubuqebaSi, 

romelic danaSaulad aRiarebulia. 

dekriminalizacia, Tavis mxriv, safexurebrivi ar aris, vinaidan 

ar SeiZleba metnaklebi xarisxis danaSauls warmoadgendnen 

(marTlwinaaRmdegobas xarisxi ar gaaCnia). Cveni azriT, 

mcdaria n. vasalisa da i. kornilas mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom 

`dekriminalizacia amsubuqebs an auqmebs qmedebis danaSaulebriv 

xasiaTs~. 1 Tu zemoT xsenebul avtorebs mxedvelobaSi hqondaT 

is situacia, roca, mag., qmedeba ukve aRar iTvleba danaSaulad 

da kvalificirdeba rogorc samarTaldarRveva, maSin dasafiqrebelia, 

aris Tu ara aseTi gansazRvreba zusti, e.i. namdvilad 

aris Tu ara danaSauli ùfro danaSaulebrivi~ vidre dar- 

Rveva, da Tu es ukanaskneli `naklenad danaSaulebrivia~, gamodis, 

rom darRvevac danaSauli yofila, maSin ra gansxvavebaa 

darRvevasa da danaSauls Soris literaturaSi gvxvdeba zemoT 

xsenebul cnebaTa sxvanairi gagebac, romlis Tanaxmad, dekriminalizacia 

niSnavs saxelmwifos uflebis gauqmebas, daados sanqcia 

sasjelis saxiT garkveul qmedebas, depenalizacia ki, gulisxmobs 

danaSaulis gadakvalificirebas samarTaldarRvevad, 

agreTve mkacri sasjelis Secvlas ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT 

2 . am mosazrebas ver daveTanxmebiT, radgan, rogorc iTqva, 

depenalizacia efuZneba sasjelis Semsubuqebas an gauqmebas an 

moicavs qmedebis gatanas tradiciuli sisxlis samarTlis Car- 

Coebidan sanqciis ideis gamoricxvis gareSe: qmedeba aRar aris 

danaSaulebrivi, magram isjeba administraciuli an sxva wesiT. 

ekriminalizacia ki ufro radikaluria, vinaidan aRniSnul qmedebas 

marTlzomierad miiCnevs an gadaaqvs sxva saxis samarTaldarRvevaTa 

kategoriaSi. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoT dasaxelebuli procesebi Sinaarsobrivad 

erTmaneTisagan gansaxvavdebian da damoukidebelni 

arian, kanonmdeblobis ganviTareba maT gareSe warmoudgenelia, 

vianidan ar SeiZleba kriminalizacia penalizaciis gareS arsebobdes, 

xolo dekriminalizacia—depenalizaciis gareSe. 

ver daveTanxmebiT v. kudriavcevs, romelic fiqrobs, rom 

kriminalizacia da penalizacia, iseve rogorc maTi sawinaaRmdego 

procesebi—dekriminalizacia da depenalizacia, SeiZle- 

1 The Decriminalization Transactins of colloquium of Bellgio 1973. Milano, 1975, gv. 

156- 405. 

2 

Rapport sur la decriminalisation. Strasbourg, 1980, gv.13-17 

119

120 


ba movicvaT cnebiT `kriminalizacia~, romelic am SemTxvevaSi 

farTo gagebiT gamoiyeneba. 1 Cveni azriT, kriminalizaciis cnebis 

viwro da farTo gageba ar arsebobs. misi erTaderTi gageba 

is aris, rom igi qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadebaa da misi cnebis 

ukan sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis sxva procesebis amofareba, 

niSnavs am procesebis damoukideblobis uaryofas. marTalia, 

kriminalizacia, umTavresia sisxlis samarTlis kanonSemoqmedebaSi 

da mis gareSe ver iarsebebs sxva procesebi, magram maT 

sul sxva funqciebi akisriaT, sxva sfero ainteresebT da Sinaarsobrivad 

gansxvavdebian misgan, amitom maTi kriminalizaciis 

cnebiT Semofargvla ar iqneba mizanSewonili. 

gvinda isic avRniSnoT, rom termins `kriminalizacia~ 

hyavs mowinaaRmdegeebic, romlebic miiCneven, rom mis gareSe SeiZleba 

iolad gavideT da gamoviyenoT ufro Cveuli cneba, mag., 

`sisxlissamarTlebrivi akrZalva~. rasac ar SeiZleba daveTanxmoT. 

terminebs `kriminalizacia~ da `dekriminalizacia~ aqvT 

udavo upiratesoba da arsebobis ufleba sul cota ori safuZvliT 

mainc. jer erTi, isini ekonomiurni arian, radgan TiToeuli 

gamoixateba erTi sityviT, meore mxriv, rac yvelaze mTavaria 

— es terminebi ufro gansazRvrulia, vidre maTi Semcvleli. 

sinamdvileSi, sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad marTebulia 

cneba `sisxlissamarTlebrivi akrZalva~, sakamaToa. SeiZleba 

vamtkicoT, rom sisxlis samarTali, umravles SemTxvevebSi, ar 

qmnis sakuTar akrZalvebs, aramed adgens imis dasjadobas, rac 

ukve akrZaluli iyo moralis mier da rom realuri socialuri 

normis akrZalvaze orientacia sisxlis samarTlis kanonis socialuri 

ganpirobebulobis erT-erT aucilebel moments warmoadgens. 

2 

am mosazrebas ZiriTadSi veTanxmebiT, magram ver gaviziarebT 

imas, rom sisxlis samarTali ar qmnis sakuTar akrZalvebs. 

marTalia, sxvisi qonebis mitaceba, religiiT akrZalulia, rac 

gamoxatulia kidevac erT-erTi mcnebiT àra iparo~ da SeiZleba 

Semogvedavon miaSi, rom akrZalvis meord akrZalva SeuZlebelia. 

gvinda isic avRniSnoT, rom termins `kriminalizacia~ hyavs 

mowinaaRmdegeebic, romlebic miiCneven, rom mis gareSe SeiZleba 

iolad gavideT da gamoviyenoT ufro Cveuli cneba, mag., `sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

akrZalva~. rasac ar SeiZleba daveTanxmoT. 

terminebs `kriminalizacia~ da `dekriminalizacia~ aqvT udavo 

upiratesoba da arsebobis ufleba sul cota ori safuZvliT mainc. 

jer erTi, isini ekonomiurni arian, radgan TiToeuli gamo- 

1 Основания уголовно-правового запрета. Криминализация и декриминализация. 

М., 1982, gv.18. 

2 Г. А. Злобин, С.Т.Келина. Некоторые теоретические вопросы криминализасий 

общественно опасных деяний, – kreb.: Проблемы правосудия. 1978, gv. 104-105.


ixateba erTi sityviT, meore mxriv, rac yvelaze mTavaria — es 

terminebi ufro gansazRvrulia, vidre maTi Semcvleli. sinamdvileSi, 

sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad marTebulia cneba 

`sisxlissamarTlebrivi akrZalva~, sakamaToa. SeiZleba vamtkicoT, 

rom sisxlis samarTali, umravles SemTxvevebSi, ar qmnis 

sakuTar akrZalvebs, aramed adgens imis dasjadobas, rac ukve 

akrZaluli iyo moralis mier da rom realuri socialuri normis 

akrZalvaze orientacia sisxlis samarTlis kanonis socialuri 

ganpirobebulobis erT-erT aucilebel moments warmoadgens. 

1 am mosazrebas ZiriTadSi veTanxmebiT, magram ver gaviziarebT 

imas, rom sisxlis samarTali ar qmnis sakuTar akrZalvebs. 

marTalia, sxvisi qonebis mitaceba, religiiT akrZalulia, rac 

gamoxatulia kidevac erT-erTi mcnebiT àra iparo~ da SeiZleba 

Semogvedavon miaSi, rom akrZalvis meord akrZalva SeuZlebelia. 

es pozicia gasagebicaa, magram am SemTxvevebSi, yvelaze ioli 

gamosavali is iqneba, Tu akrZalvebs davtovebT religiaSi, 

moralSi Tu zneobaSi da aRar SeviwuxebT Tavs danaSaulisa Tu 

danaSaulis Semadgenlobebis SeqmniT, magram, imTaviTve, Cndeba 

kiTxvebi: ra funqcia akisria sisxlis samarTals da saerTod 

ramdenad marTebulia, misi rogorc samarTlis damoukidebeli 

dargis arseboba. sruliad veTanxmebiT prof. T. wereTlis mosazrebas: 

,,sisxlis samarTlis kanoni danaSaulis Semadgenlobis 

SeqmniT da masTan sasjelis dakavSirebiT qmnis normas, romelic 

savaldebuloa yvela moqalaqisaTvis. marTlia, sisxlis 

samarTlis kanoni redaqciulad is ar aris agebuli: qurdoba 

yvelasaTvis akrZalulia da Tu vinmem moipara, — ase da ase daisjebao, 

magram igi amas sakanonmdeblo teqnikis mosazrebiT ar 

akeTebs, vinaidan yvelasaTvis gasagebia, rom Tu kanoni raime 

moqmedebas dasjadad acxadebs, igi am moqmedebas krZalavs~ 2 . 

am mosazrebas verafers davumatebT, mxolod avRniSnavT 

imas, rom `sisxlissamarTlebrivi akrZalvis~, rogorc cnebis 

marTebuloba udavoa. magram igi ufro farTo cnebaa, vidre 

kriminalizacia, vinaidan masSi sisxlis samarTlis normaa gamoxatuli, 

xolo kriminalizaciaSi ki — qmedebis danaSaulad gamocxadeba. 

kriminalizaciis cnebis da zogadad, kanonSemoqmedebas- 

Tan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta sakmaod rTulia da 

Semdgom kvlevas moiTxovs. 

1 Г. А. Злобин, С.Т.Келина. Некоторые теоретические вопросы криминализасий 

общественно опасных деяний, gv. 104-105. 

2 

T. wereTeli, g. tyeSeliaZe. moZRvreba danaSaulze, gv. 51. 

121

IRMA GABELIA 


CRIMINALIZATION AND ITS ADJACENT PROCESSES 

AS INDEPENDENT DIRECTIONS OF CRIMINAL LAWMAKING 

In legal literature there is a popularized consensus of opinion that criminal 

legislation and associated with it criminalization should be considered within 

the criminal policy. In our opinion, criminalization is a subject not of the 

criminal policy but criminal lawmaking which serves as an independent field. In 

spite of the fact legislative process includes such political principles as a principle 

of,,democraty’’ and ,,political expediency’’ as well, it does not mean that 

the policiy is a unique basis of lawmaking. Criminal lawmaking is a variation of 

constructive process and lawmaker is a subject of public practice. The outcome 

of criminal lawmaking is the development of new regulations or modification of 

the existing procedures. Criminal lawmaking is an only independent category of 

creative ability where very difficult problems of criminalizations should be studied 

and solved. 

122


gimzer alania 

dazaralebulis dakiTxvis Taviseburebebi 

biznesis sferoSi Cadenili TaRliTobis 

saqmeze 

biznesis sferoSi Cadenili TaRliTobis gamovlenisaTvis, 

braldebuli pirisa da saqmeze albaTobis maRali xarisxiT piris 

braleulobis dadgenisaTvis, uaRresad didi mniSvneloba 

eniWeba dazaralebulis srulyofil dakiTxvas saproceso kanonmdeblobis 

sruli dacviT. es, bunebrivia, radganac TaRli- 

TobiT, pirvel rigSi, swored dazaralebuls adgeba moraluri, 

qonebrivi da, arc Tu iSviaTad, fizikuri zianic. 

ukanasknel wlebSi, moqmedi saqarTvelos sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saproceso kodeqsiT, mniSvnelovnad gafarTovda dazaralebul 

pirTa wre. sakmarisia aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis III muxlis XXII punqtis Tanaxmad, 

dazaralebulad CaiTvleba ara marto fizikuri an iuridiuli 

piri, aramed — saxelmwifoc. amitomac gamomZiebeli, gamoZiebis 

sawyis etapze, valdebulia, daadginos is piri — fizikuri 

Tu iuridiuli, romelsac, danaSaulis Sedegad, miadga ziani 

uSualod danaSaulis an Seuracxi piris marTlsawinaaRmdego 

qmedebis Sedegad, anda romelsac aseTi ziani miayena danaSaulis 

Cadenis Semdeg fsiqikurad daavadebulma pirma. piris dazaralebulad 

cnoba SesaZlebelia rogorc gamoZiebisas, ise — mTavar 

sasamarTlo sxdomis procesze. 1 

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kodeqsis 56-59-e muxlebis mixedviT, dazaralebuli 

procesis monawilea da ara — mxare. mas eniWeba mowmis yvela ufleba 

da ekisreba misi yvela movaleoba. prokuroris mier xdeba 

piris cnoba dazaralebulad an mis uflebamonacvled, magram 

misi dakiTxva sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxolod mowmis saxiT xdeba. 

dazaralebuls, rogorc mxares, ar aqvs ufleba, warmoadginos 

mtkicebulebani da monawileoba miiRos maT gamokvlevaSi, gamovides 

kamaTSi da gamoTqvas azri braldebis dasabuTebulobis, 

qmedebis kvalifikaciis, sasjelis saxisa da zomis Sesaxeb da gaasaCivros 

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. misi uflebaa, icodes 

braldebulisaTvis wardgenili braldebis arsi, ufasod miiRos 

Sesajamebeli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis aslebi da informacia, 

ganmarteba kanonSi miTiTebuli saproceso moqmedebebis 

Catarebis adgilisa da dros Sesaxeb. dazaralebuls SeuZlia miyenebuli 

zianis anazRaurebis Taobaze idavos mxolod samoqa- 

1 М. С. Строгович. Курс советского уголовного процесса. Т. 1: Основные 

положения науки советского уголовного процесса. М., 1968, gv.115. 

123


laqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT. 

saqarTvelos axali sssk-s Sesabamisad, dazaralebuli mxare 

aRar aris. igi, Tavisi samarTlebrivi statusiT, gauTanasworda 

procesis sxva monawileebs, magaliTad — mowmes, eqsperts 

da a.S. 

iuridiul literaturaSi arsebobs Sexeduleba, romlis 

Tanaxmadac dazaralebulis, rogorc braldebis mxaris, uflebis 

CamorTmeviT SeizRudeba saproceso kanonmdeblobiT masze 

miniWebuli garantiebi: `dazaralebulTan mimarTebaSi qarTuli 

kanonmdeblobis pozicia kidev ufro met dafiqrebas moiTxovs, 

ramdenad marTebulia dazaralebulTan mimarTebiT ganxorcielebuli 

cvlileba, vinaidan dazaralebuli ar aris da arc yofila 

gaTanasworebuli procesis im monawileebTan, rogorebic 

arian mowme, eqsperti da a.S. procesis am monawileebisagan gansxvavebiT, 

dazaralebuls aqvs saproceso interesi, anu is mowodebulia 

daicvas sakuTari uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da miaRwios 

misi uflebebis xelmyofi piris dasjas, e.i. mTlianad misi 

saqmianoba, iseve, rogorc saxelmwifo sisxlissamarTlebrivi 

devnis ganmaxorcielebeli prokurorisa, dakavSirebulia dana- 

Saulis CadenaSi braldebuli piris mxilebasTan da sasamar- 

Tlos winaSe misi dasjis dasabuTebis moTxovnasTan~. 1 

prof. g. mefariSvilsac miaCnia, rom aucilebelia moxdes 

dazaralebulis uflebebis gafarToeba. 2 

Cveni azriT, axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT 

savsebiT sworad aris dadgenili, rom dazaralebuli aRar 

warmoadgens arc braldebis mxares da arc sisxlis samarTlebriv 

devnas ar axorcielebs. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac axalma sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsma uari Tqva winaswari gamo- 

Ziebis institutze, dazaralebuli aRar moiazreba braldebis 

mxared. SemoRebulia wina saproceso kodeqsisgan gansxvavebuli 

principebi. 

albaT, savsebiT logikuria, mxolod prokurorma ganaxorcielos 

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. am sakiTxis sawinaaRmdegod 

gadawyveta ise, rom dazaralebulsac miscemoda sisxlis 

samarTlebrivi devnis funqcia da yofiliyo braldebis mxare, 

vfiqrob, azrs dakargavda saproceso SeTanxmebis institutis 

praqtikaSi realizacia, ramdenadac aseT dros dazaralebuli 

saerTod gaZevebulia sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis procesidan. 

ar aris gamoricxuli isic, mas uari eTqva braldebulisaTvis 

1 m. oSxareli. mtkicebis procesi da misi etapebi Tanamedrove sisxlis 

samarTlis procesSi. samarTlis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis 

mosapoveblad wardgenili disertacia. Tb., 2010, gv. 64-65. 

2 g. mefariSvili. cxovreba da kanoni. me-2 Sevsebuli gamocema. Tb., 

2008, gv. 133. 

124


saproceso SeTanxmebis gamoyenebis an sasjelisagan mis srul 

gaTavisuflebaze, rac prokurors, dazaralebulis rogorc 

braldebis mxaris moTxovna, albaT, unda daekmayofilebina. aRniSnuli 

sakiTxis sxva mxriv gadawyvetiT SeizRudeboda dazaralebulis, 

rogorc braldebis mxaris, uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi, 

rac aSkarad winaaRmdegobaSi movidoda axali sisxlis 

samarTlis procesis principebTan da mis calkeul debulebeb- 

Tan. vfiqrob, yovelive am novaciebiT gamosworda is xarvezebi, 

romlebic moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi arsebobda 

(mxedvelobaSi maqvs saproceso SeTanxmebis Tanafardoba 

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebTan). 

TaRliTobis specifiurobidan gamomdinare, dazaralebulad 

SeiZleba gamovlindes: Cveulebrivi moqalaqe, individualuri 

mewarme, aseve sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi 

da sakuTrebis formebis iuridiuli pirebi. 1 

biznesis sferoSi Cadenili TaRliTobis gamoZieba am mimarTulebiTac 

garkveuli sirTuleebiT da calkeuli TaviseburebebiTac 

xasiaTdeba, radganac ar aris gamoricxuli TviT dazaralebuli 

(firma, Sps da a.S.) organizaciis Tanamdebobis pirebic 

raime doniT gareulni iyvnen TaRliTur saqmianobaSi an 

sxva damoukidebeli danaSaulic ki hqondes Cadenili, ris gamoc 

isini yvelanairad Seecdebian dakiTxvis procesSi TavianTi danaSaulis 

dafarvis sanacvlod ar gascdnen gamovlenil TaRli- 

Tobis faqts da gamomZiebels miawodon Zalze mwiri da zerele 

informacia. yovelive amis gamo gamoZiebis procesSi, rodesac 

ukve dadgindeba dazaralebulTa wre, gamomZiebeli saTanadod 

unda moemzados maT dasakiTxad. am mizniT gamomZiebelma operatiuli 

muSakebis daxmarebiT rac SeiZleba srulyofili informacia 

unda moipovos dazaralebuli piris (fizikuri an iuridiuli 

piris, misi sameurneo saqmianobis kavSirebis, partniorebis 

da a.S.) Sesaxeb. 

aRniSnuli informaciis mopovebiT, gamomZiebeli SeZlebs 

zogadad mainc gaerkves TaRliTobis Cadenis meqanizmsa da motivs, 

ukeT moemzados dazaralebulis dasakiTxad, amisTanave 

gamomZiebelma unda Seadginos maTi dakiTxvis gegma. 

dazaralebulis dakiTxvis procesualuri wesebi reglamentirebulia 

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sapoceso kodeqsis 

114-e da 115-e muxlebiT. amasTanave, saproceso kanonmdebloba 

gansakuTrebuli TaviseburebebiT iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovani 

dazaralebulis dakiTxvis procesualur wesebs. 2 

1 Н. П. Яблоков. Основы методики расследования финансовых преступлений, — 

Jurn.: «Вестник МГУ». Серия Право. № 2, 1999, gv. 14. 

2 

В. М. Савицкий, Ю. Н. Феофанов. Потерпевший от преступления. 

Юридические диалоги, — gaz.: «Известия», 10.10.1998, gv. 2. 

125

126 


Tumca axali saproceso kodeqsiT, dakiTxvis debulebebis amoqmeddeba 

2012 wlis 1 oqtombridan, manamde ki sagamoZiebo organoebma 

unda ixelmZRvanelon wina saproceso kodeqsis 294-309-e 

muxlebiT. 

saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, gamomZiebelma SeiZleba 

dazaralebuli dakiTxos rogorc gamoZiebis warmoebis, 

aseve misi adgilsamyofelis adgilze. rodesac gamomZiebeli 

daadgens dazaralebulis pirovnebas, aucilebelia gaarkvios 

icis Tu ara man samarTalwarmoebis ena an romel enaze surs Cvenebis 

micema. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamomZiebelma dasakiTx 

pirs unda dauniSnos Tarjimani, ris Sesaxebac unda gamoitanos 

Sesabamisi dadgenileba da Tarjimanis mosvlamde gadados dakiTxva. 

dakiTxvis win gamomZiebelma unda daadginos dazaralebulis 

saxeli da gvari, dabadebis TariRi (weli, Tve, ricxvi) da adgili, 

aseve samuSao da sacxovrebeli adgilebi, Tanamdeboba, 

sargeblobs Tu ara piri imunitetiT, aris Tu ara warsulSi nasamarTlevi 

da es monacemebi unda Seadaros dasakiTxis pirad 

dokumentebSi arsebul monacemebs an sxvagvarad darwmundes mis 

vinaobaSi. 

aRniSnuli proceduris dasrulebis Semdeg, gamomZiebeli 

adgens Tu ra urTierTobaSi imyofeba dazaralebuli braldebulTan 

da afrTxilebs mas winaswari SecnobiT cru Cvenebisa da 

Segnebulad Cvenebis micemisagan Tavis aridebis SemTxvevaSi sisxlis 

samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze. dazaralebuls unda 

ganemartos, rom igi valdebuli ar aris misces danaSaulis 

CadenaSi Tavisi an axlo naTesavebis mamxilebeli Cveneba. dazaralebulis 

TxovniT dakiTxvas eswreba misi warmomadgeneli. 

warmomadgenlis gamoucxadebloba ar abrkolebs sagamoZiebo 

moqmedebis Catarebas. 

Tavisufali Txrobis damTavrebis Semdeg gamomZiebels 

ufleba aqvs dazaralebulis Cvenebis Sevsebis an dazustebis 

mizniT dausvas SekiTxvebi. amasTanave, dauSvebelia gamomZiebelma 

dazaralebuls dausvas misaxvedri kiTxvebi, romlebic 

pirdapir an arapirdapir mianiSneben savaraudo pasuxs. 

dakiTxvis dros dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs gamoiyenos mis 

xelT arsebuli an saqmeze darTuli dokumentebi an sxva Canawerebi, 

amasTanave gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia dazaralebuls 

mosTxovos dokumentebi da sxva Canawerebi, romlebsac is iyenebda 

dakiTxvisas, xolo Semowmebis Semdeg daubrunos an daur- 

Tos saqmes. 

gamomZiebels SeuZlia dazaralebuls warudginos saqmeze 

darTuli dokumentebi an sagnebi, amasTanave dakiTxvis oqmSi 

aucilebelia mieTiTos Tu ra dokumentebi an sagnebi warudgina 

da aRweros isini. maSin, rodesac dokumentebi moTavsebulia


saqmeSi, aucilebelia gamomZiebelma miuTiTos saqmis furclis 

numeraciaze da a.S. dakiTxva ar unda gagrZeldes 4 saaTze mets, 

daSvebulia dRis ganmavlobaSi dazaralebulis ramdenjerme 

dakiTxva dasasveneblad aranakleb erTsaaTiani intervaliT. 

amasTanave dakiTxvis saerTo xangrZlivoba 8 saaTs ar unda aRematebodes. 

aucilebelia, gamomZiebelma, saproceso kanonmdeblobis 

sruli dacviT, gamoiyenos kriminalistikis mecnierebis 

mier damuSavebuli dakiTxvis taqtikuri xerxebi da meTodebi, 

fsiqologiis mecnierebis iseTi rekomendaciebi, romlebic ar 

laxaven pirovnebis uflebebs da kanonier interesebs. 1 

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes dazaralebulis dakiTxvis 

formirebis ori momenti: 1) procesualuramdeli da 2) procesualur 

stadiebs Soris, ramdenadac yoveli gamosakvlevi viTareba 

TiTqmis yovelTvis eqstraordinaluria. pirveli stadia 

mTlianad moicavs uflebamosil subieqtTa moqmedebis Semecnebis 

mxares (mopovebuli informaciis aRqmis, damaxsovrebis, reproduqciis 

faqtebs). meore stadiis sawyisi uSualod ukavSirdeba 

procesualur moqmedebebs (sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis 

aRZvra; mowmeTa, braldebulTa, dazaralebulTa da sxv. dakiTxva; 

sxvadasxva saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catareba). am dros 

yuradReba unda mieqces procesis subieqtTa fsiqologiur 

datvirTvas. amis Taobaze, sagamoZiebo (sasamarTlo) praqtika 

amowmebs fiqsirebuli Cvenebis obieqturobas prezumpciis eWvs, 

rasac ZiriTadad iwvevs iseTi obieqturi da subieqturi motivebi, 

rogoricaa: informaciis mravaljeradi gadamuSavebis individualuri 

xasiaTi; pirTa verbalizaciis, Sinagani metyvelebis 

zepiri formis micemis Taviseubrebebi; aRqmisa da Semdgomi daskvnebis 

gakeTebis unari da sxv. saboloo jamSi, gamosakvlevi vi- 

Tarebis sawyiss aerTianebs saoqmo (procesualuri) forma da, 

amdenad, igi iZens mtkicebulebis saxes. 2 

radganadac mtkicebis formirebis dros fsiqikur procesebs 

gadamwyveti mniSvnelba eTmoba, mizanSewonilia, rom yuradReba 

mieqces dakiTxvis dros SesaZlo gavlenis momxden 

sxvadasxva subieqtur viTarebaTa daSvebis SesaZleblobebs. dakiTxva 

yovelTvis iwyeba pirisaTvis imis ganmartebiT, rom Tqvas 

yvelaferi, rac saqmis Sesaxeb icis (saqarTvelos sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saproceso kodeqsis 238-e muxli). am droisTvis didi 

mnSvneloba aqvs dasakiTxi pirisaTvis e.w. dakiTxvis sagnis sworad 

gansazRvras, anu mis winaSe mocemuli reproduqciuli amo- 

1 

М. Мамниашвили. Общие положения следственных действий, — Jurn.: 

«Кавказ и Мир», 2009, №4, gv. 37-38. 

2 

А. А. Облоков. Расследования мошейничеств в сфере оптового 

потребительского рынка. Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата 

юридических наук. М., 2001, gv. 185. 

127

128 


canis mizanmimarTul formulirebas, radganac Tu dasakiTxad 

gamoZaxebulma dazaralebulma ver aRiqva sworad sakvlevi obieqti, 

aman SeiZleba migviyvanos mcdar daskvnamde. amitom dasmuli 

SekiTxva aucileblad unda xasiaTdebodes sizustiT, sinaTliT 

da erTmniSvnelobiT. taqtikuri mosazrebebiT gamarTlebulia 

dakiTxvis warmoeba dasakiTxi pirisaTvis gasagebi eniT, 

agreTve saWiroa metyvelebis maneris SerCeva misawvdomi individualuri 

Taviseburebebis da kulturis mixedviT. 

aseve mniSvnelovania kiTxvis dasmis intonacia. fsiqologiur 

literaturaSi intonacia ganisazRvreba imiT, rom sityvis 

azrobriv mniSvnelobas hqondes leqsikuri Semadgnelobis, sintaqsuri 

wyobis, stilisturi Taviseburebebisa da komunikabelobis 

datvirTva. esoden sapasuxismgeblo amocanis Sesrulebis 

dros gasaTvaliswinebelia Cvenebis micemis procesi, roca 

subieqts, arc Tu iSviaTad, uyalibdeba dabneulobisa da Sinagani 

daurwmuneblobis grZnoba, rac yovelTvis mcdari msjelobebisa 

da Sefasebis momaswavlebelia. rogorc aRiniSna, Secdomebs 

ver gamovricxavT maSinac, rodesac adgili aqvs metyvelebis garegnuli 

mxaris gamovlinebas, xolo msjelobis Sinagani forma 

subieqturad aRiqmeba, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, fragmentulobiT 

da azrTa SemoklebiT viTardeba. amasTan dakavSirebiT angariSgasawevia 

fsiqolingvistTa mier sami dialeqtologiuri jgufis 

gamoyofa: 1) profesionaluri; 2) Jargoni; 3) pirobiTi enebi. 

dasaxelebuli dialeqtebi sxvadasxva xarisxiT vrceldeba saer- 

To sazogadoebriv enebSi. es yovelive saWiroa imisaTvis, rom 

saTanadod naTelyofili iqnes zogierTi metyvelebiTi Taviseburebani 

uflebamosili pirisaTvis. amitom, swori gagebisTvis 

mizanSewonilia dakiTxvis procesSive informacia Semowmdes 

dublirebuli, ganmeorebiTi Tu sakontrolo kiTxvebis meSveobiT. 

aqve sagamoZiebo (sasamarTlo) praqtikis analizi gvaZlevs 

imis konstataciis saSualebas, rom winaT mocemul CvenebaSi 

cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis yvelaze gavrcelebul mizezad 

migvaCnia dazaralebulis mier imis mtkiceba, rom uflebamosil 

pirTa mier arasworad an arasrulyofilad moxda Cvenebis 

(Txrobis) aRqma da misi fiqsacia. 

aseve xSiria SecdomaTa albaToba maSinac, rodesac dakiTxva 

warmoebs Tarjimnis monawileobiT. misaRebad SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos cnobili fsiqologis s.l. rubenSteinis debuleba, 

sadac igi upiratesobas aniWebs subieqtis azrobriv konstruqcias, 

rig SemTxvevaSi _ arasrulad gamomJRavnebuls, vidre gamokveTilad 

naTqvam winadadebas, radganac subieqtis azrma, rogorc 

cxovrebiseulma faqtma, sworad unda hpovos Tavisi gamoxatuleba, 

risTvisac aucilebelia, rom igi aRqmul iqnes ara 

rogorc martooden metyvelebis formaluri teqsti, aramed 

moxdes e.w. qveteqstis zusti gaSifvra ara mxolod formaluri


mniSvnelobiT, aramed imis gamosarkvevad, Tu ra hqonda mxedvelobaSi 

an risi Tqma surda subieqts, e.i. mTavaria ganisazRvros 

motivi da mizani. 1 

rac Seexeba mtkicebis procesTa saoqmo formas, sagamoZiebo 

(sasamarTlo) praqtikaSi didi xania damkvidrebulia e.w. stilisturi 

oqmebis iseTi formebi, rogoricaa: „saqmis irgvliv 

dasmul kiTxvaze gipasuxebT~, an „kiTxvaze gipasuxebT, rom~ da 

sxv. yovelive aRniSnuli miRebulia taqtikuri TvalsazrisiT, 

vinaidan igi sagrZnoblad amcirebs mis mtkicebiT Rirebulebas 

maSin, roca uflebamosili subieqti yovelTvis unda idgas ara 

mxolod teqnikuri, aramed SemoqmedebiTi amocanis winaSe. sxva 

ramea kidev Cvenebis micemis, Tavisufali Txrobisa da kiTxva-- 

pasuxis saxiT Camoyalibebuli imperatiuloba (sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saproceso kodeqsis 298-e muxli). es garemoeba gansakuTrebiT 

maSin ipyrobs yuradRebas, rodesac warmoiSveba logikuri 

winaaRmdegobis aRmofxvris realuri saWiroeba. 

gavrcelebulia Sexeduleba uSualod danaSaulis Cadenis 

Semdeg dakiTxvis efeqturobis Sesaxeb, rodesac warmoiSveba 

windaxedulebis realuri aucilebloba imis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

rom aseT dros miRebuli Cveneba SesaZlebelia gamoirCeodes 

fragmentulobiT, logikuri araTanmimdevrobiTa da, rig Sem- 

TxvevaSi, Sinagani SeusabamobebiT. amis mizezebad SeiZleba uamravi 

magaliTis moyvana _ momxdari qmedebis socialur-fsiqologiuri 

atmosfero, mowmis (dazaralebulis) emociuroba, 

aRelvebuli mdgomareoba da a.S. savaraudoa isic, rom dakiTxva 

ufro produqtiuli iqneba, Tu igi warimarTeba yvela dasaxelebuli 

subieqturi faqtoris ganzogadebiT. sisxlis samarTlis 

saqmeTa warmoebis dros xSiria piris damatebiTi dakiTxvis sa- 

Wiroebis SemTxvevebi, rasac, erTis mxriv, iwvevs subieqturi 

(saqmis faqtiuri viTarebaTa aragulmodgined gaanalizeba da 

zogierT detalTa uyuradReboba), meore mxriv, obieqturi (axlad 

gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamokvlevisa da mravali sxva) mizezi. 

miuxedavad amisa taqtikuri poziciidan gamarTlebulad 

miiCneva, Tu ki dakiTxva warimarTeba aratradiciulad damkvidrebuli 

mimarTvis wesiT _ „adasturebT Tu ara winaT micemul 

Cvenebas~, rasac mohyveba faqtis aRqma arapirveladi foriT, 

rasac piri amJRavnebs igive gamonaTqvamiT, rac pirveli dakiTxvisas. 

garda aRniSnulisa, dakiTxvis procesi xSirad mimdinareobs 

Semdegi frazeologiiT: „etyoba~, „daaxloebiT vixseneb~ an 

Tundac „zustad vici~, „kategoriulad vacxadeb~ da a.S. 

biznesis sferoSi Cadenili TaRliTobis TiToeuli danaSauli 

Tavisi specifikurobiT xasiaTdeba saqmis srulyofili ga- 

1 

С. Л. Рубинштейн. Основы психологии. М., 1947, gv. 27. 

129


moZiebisaTvis masze Casatarebeli sxvadasxva saxis sagamoZiebo 

moqmedebebiT, magram saerTo wesidan SeiZleba gamovyoT is tipiuri 

niSnebi, romelTa dadgena saWiroa dazaralebulis dakiTxvis 

dros. 1 sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, am saerTo niSnebidan 

unda gamoikveTos dazaralebulis dakiTxvisas dasadgeni garemoebebi, 

kerZod, miRebuli iqnes informacia dazaralebuli pirovnebis 

(fizikuri piris) an iuridiuli piris (misi sameurneo 

saqmianobis, kavSirebis, partniorebis da a.S.) Sesaxeb da aseve 

yovelive amaze, rac man icis misi Cadenili TaRliTobis Taobaze. 

dazaralebulis dakiTxvis dros mizanSewonilia dadgindes 

Semdegi garemoebebi: sad, rodis da ra garemoebebSia Cadenili 

TaRliToba, danaSaulebrivi qmedeba Caidina erTma Tu ramdenime 

pirma, Tanamonawileebs Soris rogor ganawilda rolebi, ras 

akeTebda TiToeuli maTgani, rogor urTierTobaSi iyvnen isini 

erTmaneTTan, raze saubrobdnen, visi TandaswrebiT moxda TaRliToba, 

ra mizeziT aRmoCnda danaSaulis adgilze dazaralebuli 

da braldebuli, ras akeTebdnen isini im dromde, sanam moxdeboda 

TaRliToba, ra rekomendacias iZleoda bralddebuli, 

aCvenebda Tu ara is raime dokuments, ramdenjer moxda dazaralebulisa 

da TaRliTis Sexvedra, ras iTxovda da ra miiRo misgan, 

ra mihyida dazaralebuls an iyida misgan, raSi gamoixata 

dazaralebulis materialuri zarali, dazaralebulis mier 

braldebulisaTvis. gadacemuli fulis, fasiani qaRaldebisa da 

sxva nivTebis gansakuTrebuli niSnebi, icnobs Tu ara dazaralebuli 

im braldebulis, romelmac Caidina TaRliToba da Tu icnobs 

_ vin da ra viTarebaSi gaacno informacia firmis Sesaxeb, 

romlis saxeliTac moxda TaRliTuri qmedebebi, ra mizans isaxavda 

is, xolo Tu mas ar icnobs, rogoria TaRliTobis Camdeni 

adamianis qceva, cxovrebis wesi, iyo Tu ara is dakavebuli adre, 

TaRliTobis CadenisaTvis da Tu ki _ maSin rodis, vis mier, ra 

formiT, ra garemoebebSi da ra icis dakiTxulma amis Sesaxeb, 

dasadgenia xsenebul TaRliTobaSi braldebuli piris kavSirebi, 

visTan megobrobs, visTan imyofeboda axlo urTierTobaSi 

da sxv. 

amasTanave, dazaralebulis dakiTxviT unda dadgindes 

sxva garemoebebic, romelTac mniSvneloba gaaCniaT biznesis 

sferoSi Cadenili TaRliTobis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebisaTvis, 

rac unda gamomdinareobdes Camoyalibebuli sagamoZiebo 

situaciis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 2 

1 А. А. Облоков. Расследования мошейничеств в сфере оптового потребительского 

рынка, gv. 186-187. 

2 Р. Р. Курмаев. Методика расследования мошейничества на рынке ценных 

бумаг. Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук. 

130


dazaralebulis dakiTxvis Semdeg, rodesac gairkveva gamoZiebisTvis 

saintereso garemoebebi, aucilebeli xdeba misi 

Cvenebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba. amasTanave, mxedvelobaSi unda 

gvqondes is garemoeba, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis 

saproceso kodeqsis 13-e muxlis Tanaxmad, arc erT mtkicebulebas, 

maT Soris dazaralebulis Cvenebas, ara aqvs winaswar 

dadgenili Zala da is unda Sefasdes sisxlis samarTlis saqmes- 

Tan misi damokidebulebiT, dasaSvebobiT, utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT, 

saqmeze Sekrebili yvela mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobiT, 

romelic gonivruli eWvis miRma adasturebs piris braleulobas. 

GIMZER ALANIA 

PARTICULARITIES OF VICTIM’S INTERROGATION IN THE 

CASE OF SWINDLING IN BUSINESS SPHERE 

The author firstly in Georgian legal literature investigates such actual 

problems as particularities of victim’s interrogation in the case of swindling in 

business sphere. 

In the work is firstly analyzed the procedural conditions of the victim in 

the Criminal Law process, there are given the procedural conditions of interrogation. 

From the author’s point of view it depends on the victim’s legal and thorough 

interrogation not only the exact qualification of the victim’s activity, but 

also finally it influences making a justified sentence. 

In the work is compactly given those conditions which have to be established 

while interrogation of the victim. In connection to this question the author 

uses the psychological recommendations to receive the right and thorough 

testimony. 

And finally, the author offers separate recommendations for the purpose 

of interrogation of the victim in case of swindling in business sphere. 

М., 2004, gv. 77. 

131

132 

jemal gaxokiZe 


ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis 

cnobis politikur-samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi 

afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis cnobis sakiTxi ruseTis 

mxridan ar aris marto politikuri sakiTxi. ruseTis mier ganxorcielebuli 

qmedebebi TavisTavad avtomaturi reJimiT gadadis 

politikur-samarTlebriv sibrtyeSi. saqme imaSi gaxlavT, 

rom ruseTis xelisuflebis politikuri gadawyvetileba afxazeTisa 

da samxreT oseTis damoukideblobis cnobis Sesaxeb ar 

iyo sakmarisi da mas iuridiuli xasiaTis dadastureba sWirdeboda, 

rac moxda kidec da miRebuli iqna ramdenime samarTlebrivi 

xasiaTis aqti. e.i. es ori movlena organulad aris dakavSirebuli 

da Sefasebisas aseTive midgomas moiTxoven. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTis cnobas calmxrivi deklaraciuli 

xasiaTi hqonda, aucileblad saWiroebda ganmartebas _ 

aseTi gadawyvetileba efuZneboda Tu ara saerTaSoriso samar- 

Tlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul fundamentur principebsa da 

normebs. samwuxarod, arc erT saerTaSoriso organizacias, arc 

erT saxelmwifos da, maT Soris, arc Cven aseTi politikur-samarTlebrivi 

Sefaseba ar gaukeTebia. ruseTis am gadawyvetilebis 

dagmobac aseve deklaraciul xasiaTs atarebs. 

aqedan gamomdinare, interesmoklebuli ar iqneba, Tu ganvixilavT 

da SevafasebT ruseTis zemoaRniSnul gadawyvetilebebs 

swored politikisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiT 

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebis safuZvelze. 

saxelmwifos uflebebisa da valdebulebebis Sesaxeb montevideos 

1933 wlis konvenciis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo, 

rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqti, Semdegi TvisebebiT 

unda xasiaTdebodes: 

a) mudmivi mosaxleoba; 

b) gansazRvruli teritoria; 

g) mTavroba; 

d) sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis damyarebis unari. 

am CamonaTvalidan a punqtSi miTiTebuli mudmivi mosaxleobis 

Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas, rom afxazeTisa da oseTis mudmivi 

mosaxleobis TiTqmis 2/3 iZulebiT gamoZevebulia (ZiriTadad 

qarTvelebi) da cxovroben ltolvilis statusiT sxvagan da ara 

TavianT mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilebSi. darRveulia afxazeTisa 

da oseTis mkvidri mosaxleobis udidesi nawilis sayovelTao 

aRiarebuli fundamenturi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi sacxovrebel 

adgilTan dakavSirebiT (1948 wlis adamianis uflebaTa 

sayovelTao deklaracia, 1966 wlis saerTaSoriso paqti adamia-


nis samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb da saerTaSoriso 

paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis 

Sesaxeb, 1953 wlis evropis konvencia adamianis uflebebisa da 

ZiriTadi Tavisuflebis dacvis Sesaxeb) da es darRveva calsaxad 

dafiqsirebulia gaerosa da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis 

gadawyvetilebebSi. marto im garemoebis gamo, rom mosaxleobis 

2/3 nebis sawinaaRmdegod afxazeTisa da samxreT ose- 

Tis damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad gamocxadeba moaxdina 

ruseTma, misive mxridan zemoaRniSnuli deklaraciebis, paqtebisa 

da konvenciebis sruli ugulebelyofaa, romelTa pativiscema 

maTTan mierTebiT da araerTxel TviTonve daadastura. 

es, rac Seexeba mudmiv mosaxleobas. 

garda amisa, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisa da iugoslaviaSi 

mimdinare movlenebis fonze evrokavSirma Camoayaliba saxelmZRvanelo 

principebi saxelmwifoTa cnobisa da maTTan diplomatiuri 

urTierTobis damyarebisaTvis aucilebeli moTxovnebis 

TvalsazrisiT. esenia: 

_ maTi Seqmna demokratiul safuZvelze; 

_ gaeros wesdebis debulebebSi, helsinkis daskvniT aqtsa 

(1975w.) da parizis qartiaSi (1990w.) miTiTebuli valdebulebebis, 

gansakuTrebiT ki, kanonierebis, demokratiisa 

da adamianis uflebebis pativiscema; 

_ eTnikuri da erovnuli jgufebisa da umciresobaTa 

uflebebis dacva; 

_ pativiscema sazRvrebis mimarT, romlebic SeiZleba 

Seicvalos, mxolod mSvidobiani saSualebebiTa da er- 

Toblivi SeTanxmebebis safuZvelze; 

_ aRebuli saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis, aseve samSvidobo 

procesebsa da molaparakebebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis 

keTilsindisierad Sesruleba. 

arc erT am moTxovnas afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi, aramcTu 

ar akmayofilebs, aramed mcdelobac ki ar yofila maT Sesasruleblad. 

aq mxolod erTze SevCerdebi, sazRvrebis Secvla dasaSvebia 

mxolod mSvidobiani gziT, orive mxaris SeTanxmebiT, 

rac mTlianad ugulebelyofilia Cvens SemTxvevaSi. garda 

amisa, parizis qartiis mixedviT gamoricxulia ìm warmonaqmnebis 

cnoba, romlebic agresiis Sedegia~ da aseve mxedvelobaSia 

misaRebi `cnobis Sedegebi mezobeli saxelmwifoebisaTvis~. 

afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis e.w. saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmnebi 

mxolod erToblivi agresiis Sedegia. is, rom ruseTma 

isini saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli 

normebis ugulebelyofiT cno da amiT gamousworebeli ziani 

miayena saqarTvelos erovnul interesebs, mis suverenitets, es, 

ra Tqma unda, ruseTs aranairad ar abrkolebda. 

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis Teo- 

133

134 


riaSi dominirebs azri imis Sesaxeb, rom axali saxelmwifoebis 

warmoqmna da dedasaxelmwifoebisagan gamoyofa ar unda iwvevdes 

samoqalaqo omebs. amasTan, ar unda arRvevdes saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis normebsa da TviT dedasaxelmwifos uflebebs. 

Teoretikosebis mier calkeul saxelmwifoTa mier axali 

saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmnebis aRiareba miCneulia, rogorc 

amRiarebeli saxelmwifos calmxrivi aqti, romelic, umravles 

SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifoTa aRmasrulebeli Stoebis politikur 

Sexedulebazea damokidebuli. 1 ruseTis qmedebebi swored am motivaciiTaa 

mTlianad ganpirobebuli. 

zemoaRniSnuli gvaZlevs imis safuZvels, rom davaskvnaT, 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi 

da normebi, sayovelTaod dadgenili saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

praqtika da Teoria gamoricxavs afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis 

damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad aRiarebis yovelnair samar- 

Tlebriv SesaZleblobasa da samomavlo perspeqtivas. 

ra xdeboda manamdis afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis konfliqtidan 

moyolebuli ruseTis xelisufleba saerTaSoriso 

institutebis yvela donis RonisZiebebze, gaeros generaluri 

asambleis sxdomebidan dawyebuli dsT-s samitiT damTavrebuli, 

afiqsirebda Tavis ~uryev~ pozicias saqarTvelos teritoriuli 

mTlianobis da afxazeTisa da oseTis saqarTvelodan ganuyoflobis 

Sesaxeb. amis Taobaze, mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi, 

araerTi gancxadeba aqvT gakeTebuli ruseTis prezidentebs: 

elcins, putins da medvedevs, premier-ministrebs, dumisa da federaciis 

sabWos Tavmjdomareebs, sagareo saqmeTa ministrebs, 

ruseTis warmomadgenels gaero-Si. maTive monawileobiT miRebulia 

uamravi rezolucia da gadawyvetileba gaeros, euTos, 

evrokavSiris, dsT-s forumebze saqarTvelos teritoriul 

mTlianobasTan da afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis konfliqtis 

mSvidobian mowesrigebasTan dakavSirebiT (cudi ar iqneboda saqarTvelos 

sagareo saqmeTa saministros aseTi rezoluciebisa 

da gadawyvetilebebis krebuli gamoeqveynebina, miTumetes,maTma 

ricxvma 100-s gadaaWarba. es iqneboda erTi kargi TvalsaCinoeba 

imisa, rom am gadawyvetilebebidan miviReT mxolod wignad 

akinZuli krebuli da meti araferi. ase iqneba sul, manam am gadawyvetilebebs 

ar moyveba masSive gaTvaliswinebuli qmediTi 

RonisZiebebi) 

ruseTi erT-erTi pirveli didi saxelmwifo iyo, romelmac 

politikurad `gailaSqra~ kosovos damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg. 

igi samarTlianad miiCnevda, rom kosovos damoukideblobis 

aRiareba gamoiwvevda gaumarTlebel precedentebs msofli- 

1 p. malanCuki. akeharstis Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTali. Tb., 

2005.


oSi da Seuqmnida seriozul safrTxeebs msoflios bevr qveyanas, 

maT Soris ruseTsac. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT, aRvniSnav ruseTis prezidentis medvedevis 

agvistos omamde ramdenime dRiT adre gakeTebul gancxadebas 

kosovos damoukideblobasTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, 

2008 wlis 15 ivliss rf-is prezidenti medvedevi q. moskovSi Sexvda 

ruseTis federaciis elCebs. Sexvedrisas mTavari aqcenti 

gakeTda msoflios wamyvani qveynebisa da rigi saerTaSoriso 

organizaciebis mxridan kosovos damoukideblobis aRiarebas- 

Tan dakavSirebiT. rf-is prezidentma sastikad dagmo kosovosaTvis 

damoukideblobis miniWeba da ganacxada, rom mxaris damoukideblobis 

ase calmxrivad aRiareba aris saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

normebis uxeSi darRveva. 

swored ruseTis mier zemoT dafiqsirebuli poziciebis 

Semdeg agvistos ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Semdeg misi xelisufleba 

iRebs politikur-samarTlebriv gadawyvetilebas afxaze- 

Tisa da samxreT oseTis damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad cnobis 

Sesaxeb. 

sxvaTa Soris, ruseTis xelisuflebam, am gadawyvetilebebis 

miRebis dros, moxerxebulad gamoiyena kosovos precedenti. 

swored amitom gverds ver avuvliT kosovoSi ganviTarebul 

movlenebs da misi damoukideblobis sakiTxs. 

afxazeTSi, samxreT oseTisa da kosovoSi konfliqtis warmoSobis, 

maTi SemdgomSi ganviTarebul scenarebis mixedviT 

uamravi Tanxvedra SeiZleba davinaxoT, maT Soris drois mixedviTac. 

mxedvelobaSi maqvs separatizmTan, SemdgomSi ki agresiul 

separatizmTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebi _ asiaTasobiT 

ltolvili, aTasobiT faqtiurad udanaSaulo adamianis mkvleloba, 

maTi qonebis sayovelTaod saSiSi saSualebebiT ganadgureba, 

erebs Soris ramdenime TaobebSi gadazrdili SurisZieba 

da mtroba. 

miuxedavad amisa, kosovos avtonomiuri mxaris parlamentis 

mier 2008 wlis 17 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba kosovos damoukidebel 

respublikad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb mxardaWerili iqna 

ramdenime didi saxelmwifos, rigi saerTaSoriso institutebis 

da, rac metad sagulisxmoa _ samxedro-politikuri blokis nato-s 

mier. 

samwuxarod, dRemde kosovosaTvis damoukideblobis mini- 

Webis sakiTxi sadavoa. msoflio azri am uaRresad mniSvnelovan 

movlenasTan dakavSirebiT oradaa gayofili. Tu am movlenas 

erTni Tvlian saerTaSoriso samarTlis fundamenturi principis 

erTa TviTgamorkvevbis pativiscemad, meoreni Tvlian ase- 

Tive fundamenturi principis saxelmwifos teritoriuli 

mTlianobis uxeS darRvevad. 

ufro samwuxaroa da gaugebari saerTaSoriso Tanamegob- 

135


robis pozicia _ ratom mianiWa prioriteti erTa TviTgamorkvevis 

princips da ugulebelyo teritoriuli mTlianobis 

principi. es maSin, rodesac kosovoc, rogorc saxelmwifoebrivi 

warmonaqmni swored agresiis Sedegi iyo da misi damoukidebel 

saxelmwifod cnoba parizis 1990 wlis zemoT aRniSnuli 

qartiis moTxovnebs ewinaaRmdegeba. 

dRemdis kosovos damoukideblobis mxardamWerT ar gauke- 

TebiaT aramarto politikur-samarTlebrivi, aramed istoriuli 

da ekonomikur-kulturuli dasabuTeba TavianTi gadawyvetilebebisaTvis. 

usafuZvloa, arafrismTqmelia da ar gamomdinareobs 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli 

principebidan da normebidan mtkiceba `kosovos unikalobis~ 

Sesaxeb. damoukideblobis mxolod deklarireba saerTaSoriso 

samarTals TviTlikvidaciiT emuqreba. 

rusi politologi s. prokofievi svams kiTxvas da ayenebs 

sakiTxs _ `msoflio Tanamegobroba kvlav dgas arCevanis wina- 

Se: ra vqnaT momavalSi, romel mxares da ra xarisxiT unda davu- 

WiroT mxari, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi, romeli principi 

warmoadgens prioritetuls _ saxelmwifoTa teritoriuli 

mTlianobis Tu erTa TviTgamorkvevis principi 2 

masze Cveni pasuxi aseTia: msoflio Tanamegobrobam unda 

dagmos da SeaCeros agresiuli separatizmis gziT warmoSobili 

politikuri warmonaqmnebis damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad 

cnoba, e.i. erTa TviTgamorkvevis waxalisebiT... winaaRmdeg Sem- 

TxvevaSi gavrcelebas iwyebs ~politikuri Wiri~, romelic erTa 

TviTgamorkvevis safarqveS, uciloblad religiaTa Soris arsebul 

dapirispirebebTan gadaixlarTeba da globalur safrTxed 

moevlineba msoflios. amitom yvelaferi msoflio Tanamegobrobis 

arCevanze iqneba damokidebuli, vidre es procesebi ase 

Tu ise jer kidev marTvas, kontrols da Realpolitik-as eqvemdebareba. 

mere yvelaferi gvian iqneba. 

daskvnis magivrad: 

ar unda vidaoT imaze, rom 

1. kavkasiaSi dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis globalur geopolitikur 

da geostrategiul interesTa gadakveTisa da Sejaxebis 

centrad saqarTvelo iqca. 

2. ruseTTan urTierTobis dalageba, afxazeTisa da samxreT 

oseTis konfliqtis gadawyveta da dasavleTTan integracia 

_ erTmaneTTan organulad dakavSirebuli, erT politikur 

2 

С. Прокопьев. К вопросу о способах и механизмах урегулирования конфликтов. 

– `saistorio vertikalebi~. #17, 2008, gv. 77-81. 

136


sibrtyeze dominos principiT dalagebuli problemebia. 

amitomaa maTi gadawyveta urTulesi da umZimesi, magram mainc 

SesaZlebeli, Tu igi saqarTveloSi yvelas sakeTebel saqmed 

iqca. 

JEMAL GAKHOKIDZE 

THE POLITICAL - LEGAL ASPECTS OF ABKHAZIA AND 

SOUTH OSSETIA’S RECOGNITION BY RUSSIA 

Georgia became the center of collision of West and the East global geopolitical 

and geostrategic interests in Caucasus. Regulation relations with Russia, 

resolution of conflicts with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and integration 

with the West are problems organically connected to each other. These problems 

are putting in order of principle of domino on the same political space. 

That is why the solution of these problems are complex and difficult, but it will 

be possible, if everyone in Georgia recognizes, that it is his own task. 

137

vefxvia gvaramia 


eqstradiciis saerTaSoriso 

samarTlebrivi da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi 

normatiuli wyaroebis 

ierarqiis aqtualuri sakiTxebi 

dRiTidRe izrdeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi 

principebis Sesabamisad dadebuli xelSekrulebis raodenoba, 

romelic zegavlenas axdens Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobis 

formirebaze, 1 romelTa safuZvelzec miaxloebiT SesaZloa 

CamovayaliboT eqstradiciis an masze uaris Tqmis saerTa- 

Soriso standartebi. 

saqarTveloSi mimdinare sakanonmdeblo reformebis fonze, 

mizanSewonilad miviCnieT naSromSi Camogveyalibebina eqstradiciis 

normatiuli wyaroebis Tavisebureba da maTi ierarqia, 

rac SeiZleba eqstradiciaze uaris Tqmis, konkurirebadi 

moTxovnebis, koliziis da sxva mravali problemis daZlevis sa- 

Sualebad iqces. 

SesaZloa pirobiTad eqstradiciis normatiul wyaroebi 

or nawilad davyoT: 1) saerTaSoriso (sisxlis) samarTlebrivad 

da 2) Sidasaxelmwifoebrivad, am ukanasknelSi SeiZleba gamovyoT, 

konstituciuri samarTlis, sisxlis samarTlis da sisxlis 

samarTlis procesis dargobrivi normebi. 

saerTaSoriso samarTalSi eqstradiciis normatiul wyaroebs 

Soris mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia saerTaSoriso samar- 

Tlis im ZiriTad principebs, romelic mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli 

eqstradiciasTan. 

l. aleqsiZe aRniSnavs, rom `saerTaSoriso samarTlis Ziri- 

Tadi principebi igive saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi normebia, 

romlebic iqmnebian saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis an saerTaSoriso 

samarTlebriv CveulebaTa saxiT, magram, Tavisi xasiaTiT, 

sxva normebis mimarT igive TanafardobaSi arian, rogorc konstituciuri 

da CveulebiTi kanonebi~. 2 avtori dasZens, ìs normebi, 

romlebic ar Seesabamebian ~ZiriTad principebs~, marTlsawinaaRmdego 

aqtebia da ver warmoSoben iuridiul ufleba-movaleobebs~. 

3 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principebis Tavisebureba 

misi universalurobaa, rogorc iu. kolosovi da v. kuzne- 

1 k. korkelia. saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebriv 

samarTalSi. disertacia warmodgenili iuridiul mecnierebaTa 

kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad. Tb., 1998, gv. 29. 

2 l. aleqsiZe. Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTali. Tb., 1998, gv. 26. 

3 

l. aleqsiZe. Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTali, gv. 26. 

138


covi aRniSnavs, `saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebi warmoadgenen 

kanonierebis kriteriums saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi 

normebis mTeli sistemisaTvis. principebis moqmedeba vrceldeba 

subieqtTa urTierTobis im sferoze, romlebic garkveuli 

mizezebis gamo araa regulirebuli konkretuli normebiT~. 1 

msgavs mosazrebas aviTarebs i. lukaSuki, romelic miuTi- 

Tebs rom `saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principebis daxmarebiT 

ganmtkicebulia saerTaSoriso urTierToba da saerTa- 

Soriso samarTlis Tanamedrove sistema~. 2 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis yvela dargisaTvis wyaros warmoadgens 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi. aseve 

ismis kiTxva, warmoadgens Tu ara is Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis 

wyaros k. korkelia aRniSnavs, rom `saxelmwifoebi ZiriTadad, 

upiratesobas aniWeben saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis 

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi statusis dadgenas. isini kanonmdeblobiT 

iSviaTad gansazRvraven saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samar- 

Tlis normebis Sidasaxelmwifoebriv statuss, rac ganpirobebulia 

sxvadasxva garemoebiT, maT Soris, erovnuli sasamar- 

Tloebis mier saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis normebis 

dadgenasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebiT~. 3 avtori iqve das- 

Zens, rom `saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis normis CamoyalibebisaTvis~ 

aucilebelia ori iseTi elementis arseboba, rogoricaa 

saxelmwifoTa praqtika da am praqtikis iuridiulad 

savaldebulobis aRiareba~. 4 k. korkelia aseve aRniSnavs: `saxelmwifoTa 

praqtika adasturebs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa da normebSi gaigeba saer- 

TaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis normebi~. 5 

saqarTvelos konstituciis VI muxlis II punqtiT `saqar- 

Tvelos kanonmdebloba Seesabameba saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebs da normebs. saqarTvelos 

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba 

saqarTvelos konstitucias, konstituciur SeTanxmebas, 

aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normatiuli 

aqtebis mimarT~. 6 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis ko- 

1 

Ю. Колосов, В. Кузнецов. Международное право. М., 1999, gv. 13. 

2 И. Лукашук. Курс международного права. Т. II. М., 1989, gv. 7. 

3 k. korkelia. saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTali saqarTvelos samarTlebriv 

sistemaSi, — saqarTvelo da saerTaSoriso samarTali 

(statiaTa krebuli). Tb., 2001, gv. 63. 


sistemaSi, gv. 63. 



6 

j. xecuriani. saqarTvelos konstitucia da kanonmdebloba sakons- 

139

140 


deqsis pirveli muxlis II punqtiT, ès kodeqsi Seesabameba saqar- 

Tvelos konstitucias, saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod 

aRiarebul principebs da normebs. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, k. 

korkelia askvnis, rom `Tu saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 

ar Seesabameba saqarTvelos konstitucias, upiratesoba 

mieniWeba konstitucias~, xolo kodeqssa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa da normebs Soris 

koliziis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, upiratesoba mieniWeba saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa 

da normebs~. 1 

saqarTvelos sssk II muxlis I punqtSi mocemulia sisxlis 

samarTlis procesis wyaroebis Semdegi ierarqia: 1. saqarTvelos 

konstitucia; 2. saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi 

da SeTanxmebebi; 3. es kodeqsi; 4. saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi da normebi. k. korkelia 

marTebulad miuTiTebs, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT 

saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis normebs èniWebaT 

saqarTvelos kanonebze ufro dabali adgili~. 2 avtori uTiTebs 

prezidentis 1997 wlis 284 brZanebulebas `saqarTveloSi adamianis 

uflebaTa ganmtkicebis Sesaxeb~, romelic saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebisa da normebis 

uSualo gamoyenebas adasturebs. 

k. korkelia sruliad marTebulad askvnis, rom `saerTaSoriso 

CveulebiTi samarTali gaxda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis 

nawili, mis normebs eniWeba Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi iuridiuli 

Zala saqarTveloSi, rac saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samar- 

Tlis normebis uSualo gamoyenebis winapirobaa~. 3 `Tavad is faqti, 

rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlo uSualod iyenebs saerTa- 

Soriso CveulebiTi samarTlis normebs, adasturebs pozicias, 

rom saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTali saqarTvelos samar- 

Tlebrivi sistemis nawilia~. 4 sruliad logikuria, rodesac avtori 

miuTiTebs, rom saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTali saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis wyarosTan erTad gaxda Sidasaxelmwifobrivi 

samarTlis wyaro. 

k. korkelia warmogvidgens qarTul iuridiul literatutitucio 

sasamarTlos Sesaxeb. Tb., 2002, gv. 21. 








sistemaSi, gv. 72.


raSi arsebul or mosazrebas: 1) saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 

muxlis meore punqtis Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso CeveulebiTi 

samarTlis normebs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mimarT upiratesoba 

eniWeba, magram ara konstituciis mimarT; 2) qveyanaSi 

moqmed sxva aqtebTan adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebul uflebebs 

da Tavisuflebebs aqvT upiratesi iuridiuli Zala TviT 

saqarTvelos konstituciis mimarT. avtori pirvel mimarTulebas 

uWers mxars, radgan àm kategoriis normebisadmi gamoyenebuli 

unda iqnes saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis normeb- 

Tan dakavSirebiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli saerTo midgoma~. 1 

meore mimarTulebas icavs prof. i. futkaraZe, romelic 

eyrdnoba konstituciis VII muxls, romlis mixedviTac `saxelmwifo 

cnobs da icavs adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebul uflebebsa 

da Tavisuflebebs, rogorc wamyvan da uzenaes adamianur 

Rirebulebebs. xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas xalxi da saxelmwifo 

SezRuduli arian am uflebiTa da TavisuflebiT, rogorc 

uSualod moqmedi samarTliT~. 2 avtori iqve uTiTebs amave 

muxlis debulebas, romlis Tanaxmadac `xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas 

xalxi da saxelmwifo SezRudulni arian am uflebebiTa 

da TavisuflebebiT, rogorc uSualod moqmedi samar- 

TliT~. 3 aqedan gamomdinare i. futkaraZe aRniSnavs, rom àdamianis 

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi saqarTveloSi 

moqmedeben pirdapir, uSualod, im garemoebisagan 

damoukideblad _ aisxebian Tu ara isini saqarTvelos Sidasaxelmwifoebriv 

sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi es niSnavs saqarTvelos 

mTeli samarTlebrivi sistemis mniSvnelovan gafarToebas~. 4 

eqstradiciisas vxvdebiT iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa sayovelTaod 

aRiarebuli adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, saxelmwifoTa 

suverenuli uflebebi da sxva. SesaZloa eqstradiciisas 

dairRves sayovelTaod aRiarebuli adamianis uflebebi, 



2 i. futkaraZe. saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli 

normebi da moqalaqeTa socialur-ekonomikuri da socialur-kulturuli 

uflebebida da Tavisuflebebis dacva saqarTvelos sakonstitucio 

samarTalSi, — Jurn.: àdamiani da konstitucia~. #3, 1998. gv. 

27. 




samarTalSi, gv. 27. 




samarTalSi, gv. 27. 

141

142 


maSin saqmis gadawyvetisas marTebuli iqneboda am sferoSi sasamarTlos 

da prokuraturas saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samar- 

TlisaTlis normebisaTvis mieniWebina upiratesoba konstituciasTan 

SedarebiT. sxva SemTxvevaSi ki (rodesac dgeba saxelmwifos 

suverenuli uflebebis problema), saerTaSoriso CveulebiT 

samarTalis normebze meti Zala konstitucias unda mieniWos. 

naklebad savaraudoa is, rom konstitucia winaaRmdegoba- 

Si movides saerTaSoriso CveulebiT samarTalTan, Tumca SesaZlebelia. 

amdenad, orive mosazrebis gamoyeneba eqstradiciis 

praqtikaSi marTebuli iqneba Tu eqstradiciis normatiul wyaroebs 

Soris saqarTvelos konstitucias da CveulebiTi samar- 

Tlis normebs I safexurze movaTavsebT. eqstradiciis konkretuli 

SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, upiratesoba unda mieniWos 

erT-erTs. 

eqstradiciis sakiTxis ganxilvis dros, rodesac ar arsebobs 

sakmao normatiuli baza, mizanSewonilia gamoyenebul iqnas 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis is ZiriTadi principebi, kerZod: 

1. saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworobis principi; 

2. Zalis gamoyenebaze an ZaliT damuqrebaze uaris Tqma; 

3. sxva saxelmwifos saSinao saqmeebSi Caurevlobis principi; 

4. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa pativiscema; 

5. saerTaSoriso samarTliT gansazRvrul valdebulebaTa 

keTilsindisieri Sesruleba. 

es principebi SesaZlebelia iqces eqstradiciaze uaris 

Tqmis safuZvlad. 

l. galenskaias mosazrebiT, àrsebobs principebis meore 

jgufi _ specialuri principebi, romelic saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi 

sagnis specifikurobidan gamomdinare, xasiaTdeba 

gamoyenebis ufro viwro sferoTi~. 1 is dasZens, rom `specialur 

principebs ar SeuZliaT winaaRmdegoba Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis principebTan~. 2 principebis am or jgufs Soris 

unda arsebobdes subordinaciuli damokidebuleba. mecniers 

mocemuli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi principebis dayofa ar 

miaCnda amomwuravad, radganac Tvlida, rom socialisturi saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis sferoSi moqmedebda principebis Taviseburi 

sistema. 

aRniSnuli problemisadmi msgavsi midgoma politizirebuli 

da mecnierul safuZvels moklebuli iyo. danaSaulobasTan 

1 Л. Галенская. Правовые проблемы сотрудничества в борьбе с преступностью. 

Л., 1978, gv. 18. 

2 

Л. Галенская. Правовые проблемы сотрудничества, gv. 18.


saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi TanamSoromlobis dros, socialisturi 

samarTlis principebis calke gamoyofa iwvevda dapirispirebas 

kapitalistur saxelmwifoebTan, rac Sesabamisad 

aferxebda eqstradiciis normatiuli wyaroebis srulyofas. 

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saer- 

TaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTad principebs Seesabameba saerTaSoriso 

sisxlis samarTlis dargobrivi principebi, romlebic garkveul 

zegavlenas axdenen eqstradiciis normatiuli wyaroebis 

Camoyalibebaze. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis dargobriv 

principebs miekuTvneba: 

1. teritoriulobis principi; 

2. moqalaqeobis principi (aqtiuri personalurobis principi); 

3. dacvis principi (realurobis principi); 

4. universalurobis principi; 5. monacvleobiTi marTlmsajulebis 

principi. 

es principebi damkvidrebulia romanul-germanuli samar- 

Tlis sistemis qveynebSi, maT anglo-amerikul sistemaSic cnoben, 

magram zogierT maTgans gansxvavebul interpretacias aZleven. 

saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis principebze srul warmodgenas 

gvaZlevs d. hioleri, 1 xolo m. turava mxars uWers am 

principebis transformacias saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsSi. 2 

romanul-germanuli samarTlis qveynebSi Camoyalibda eqstradiciis 

specialuri principebi: 

1) ormxrivi kriminalurobis principi, rac gulisxmobs, 

rogorc momTxovni, ise adgilsamyofeli qveynis kanonmdeblobiT 

dasjadobas; 

2) specializaciis principi, romlis qveS igulisxmeba, gansazRvrul 

moTxovnebTan qmedebis Sesabamisoba, am Sem- 

TxvevaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia mocemuli qmedebisaTvis 

sasjelis saxe da zoma, xandazmulobis vada, on bis in 

idem, konkretulobis wesi da sxva; 

3) sakuTar moqalaqeTa gadaucemlobis principi (rasac ar 

cnobs anglo-amerikuli samarTali); 

4) politikuri mizniT devnis SemTxvevaSi gadaucemlobis 

principi. 

saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis da eqstradiciis specialuri 

principebi SesaZloa gaxdes eqstradiciaze uaris Tqmis 

1 D. Qehler. Internationals strafrecht. «Carl Heymanns Velag KG Köln, Berlin, Bonn, 

München», 1983, gv. 155, 367, 413, 431, 443, 519, 547. 

2 m. turava. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis principebi, — saqarTvelo 

da saerTaSoriso samarTali (statiaTa krebuli), gv. 96-203. 

143

144 


safuZveli. 

eqstradiciis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, aRniSnul sferoSi 

xelSekrulebis dadebisas an kanonis miRebisas, mizanSewonilia 

gadamowmdes ramdenad Seesabamebian isini saqarTvelos konstitucias, 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebs, dargobriv da 

specialur principebs (sqema 1,1). eqstradiciis sxva normatiuli 

wyaroebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZleblad migvaCnia 

praqtikaSi mocemuli principebis gamoyeneba. 

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTalSi universaluri 

xelSekruleba, romelic daaregulirebda eqstradiciisas wamoWril 

yvela problemas ar arsebobs, magram saerTaSoriso danaSaulTan 

da adamianis uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli 

konvenciebi saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs gamoiyenon 

isini eqstradiciis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas (sqema 1,2). 1 

saerTaSoriso xasiaTis danaSaulebTan dakavSirebul konvenciebSi 

mocemulia am danaSaulSi braldebulis gadacemis saerTaSoriso 

standartebi (sqema 1,3). 1950 wlis 21 martis àdamianebiT 

vaWrobasTan da mesame pirTa mier prostituciis eqsploataciasTan 

brZolis konvenciis~ VIII muxlis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli 

qmedeba ganixileba, rogorc danaSauli, romelic iwvevs eqstradicias, 

masze vrceldeba braldebulis gadacemis yvela 

xelSekruleba, romelic dadebuli iyo an dadebuli iqneba am 

konvenciis yvela monawile mxares Soris. am konvenciis mxareebi, 

romlebic eqstradicias xelSekrulebis safuZvelze ar axorcieleben, 

aseTi danaSaulebi urTierTSeTanxmebiT gadacemis safuZvlad 

unda aRiaron. analogiur normas Seicavs haagis 1970 

wlis `sahaero xomaldis ukanono gatacebasTan brZolis konvencia~ 

(VIII muxli), monrealis 1971 wlis `samoqalaqo aviaciis 

usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ukanono aqtebTan brZolis 

konvencia~ (VIII muxli), 1929 wlis yalbi fuladi niSnebis 

damzadebis winaaRmdeg brZolis konvencia (X muxli), niu-iorkis 

1979 wlis `mZevlebis ayvanis winaaRmdeg brZolis konvencia~ (X 

muxli) da sxva. 2 

eqstradiciisas mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs regionaluri 

konvenciebi (sqema 1, 4), maTi Camoyalibeba nakarnaxevia ara 

marto socialur-ekonomikuri, aramed iuridiuli faqtorebiT. 

isini saerTaSoriso samarTlis, dargobrivi da specialuri 

principebis realizaciis saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgenen. 

regionaluri konvenciebis roli dRiTi dRe izrdeba, mag- 

1 v. gvaramia. saerTaSoriso danaSaulSi braldebulis eqstradicia. 

Tb., 2002, gv. 38, 43, 69-82. 

2 

И. Павлова. Выдача преступников, как средство борьбы с уголовными 

преступлениями международного характера. Автореферат диссертации на 

соискание ученой степени кандидата юридических наук. М., 1984, gv. 10.


ram man ar unda SeuSalos xeli saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis 

realizacias an Secvalos isini. u. batleri wers, rom regionalurma 

normebma ar unda Secvalos saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

sistema, mas gaumarTleblad miaCnia, aRniSnulma normebma àreguliros 

araregionalur saxelmwifoTa qceva.~ 1 adamianis uflebebis 

dacvis regionalur konvenciebSi mocemuli standartebTan 

SesabamisobaSi unda iyos eqstradiciis regionaluri 

konvenciebi. normatiul wyaroebs Soris mniSvnelovani adgili 

ukavia azia-afrikis eqstradiciis principebis Semcvel muxlebs, 

evropis da saerToamerikul eqstradiciis regionalur 

konvenciebs. 

regionaluri konvenciebis ganmtkicebas emsaxureba lokaluri 

konvenciebi, romelic regionis saxelmwifoebis mcire 

jgufs Soris ideba (sqema 1,5). am mxriv aRsaniSnavia 1962 wlis 

`beneluqsis saxelmwifoTa (belgia, niderlandebi, luqsemburgi) 

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze urTierTdaxmarebis da eqstradiciis 

konvencia~. i. vasilevi aRniSnavs, rom es saxelmwifoebi 

qmnian `damnaSaveTa gadacemis~ damoukidebel sistemas, arcerT 

maTgans ar mouxdenia eqstradiciis evropuli konvenciis ratifikacia, 

garkveuli specifikurobis gamo. 2 aRniSnuli SeiZleba 

aixsnas am qveynebis geografiuli, ekonomikuri da kulturuli 

TaviseburebebiT. msgavsi konvencia miRebulia 1962 wels skandinaviis 

qveynebis mier (dania, fineTi, islandia, norvegia da 

Svecia). i. vasilevi miuTiTebs, rom am SeTanxmebiT maT samar- 

Tlebrivi sistemebis harmonizaciis safuZvelze Seqmnes eqstradiciis 

regionaluri sqema. 3 

erTa Tanamegobrobis (yofili `britanul erTa Tanamegobroba~) 

iusticiis ministrebis xangrZlivi Sexvedrebis safuZvelze 

1966 wels miRebuli iqna erTa Tanamegobrobis sazRvreb- 

Si myofi braldebulis gadacemis kanoni. am SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifoTa 

gamaerTianebel kriteriumad gvevlineba ara geografiuli 

mdebareoba, aramed samarTlebrivi sistema, romelsac 

safuZvlad daedo inglisis saerTo samarTali (Common Law), 

masSi Sedis 35 saxelmwifo sxvadasxva kontinentidan. 

arabul saxelmwifoTa ligis farglebSi saerTaSoriso 

sisxlis samarTlis iusticiis sferoSi 1952 wels miRebuli iqna 

konvencia, romlis mixedviTac misi sxva xelSekrulebebTan ko- 

1 W. Butler. Regional and Sectional Diversites in International Law, – in: Intenational 

Law: Teaching and Practice. L., 1982, gv.. 49. 

2 Ю. Васильев. Институт выдачи преступников (Экстрадиции) в современном 

международном праве. Диссертация на соискание ученной степени кандата юридических 

наук. М., 2003. gv. 94-95. 

3 

Ю. Васильев. Институт выдачи преступников.., gv. 96. 

145


liziis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba is xelSekruleba, romelSic optimaluradaa 

regulirebuli eqstradicia. aqedan gamomdinare 

iu. vasilevi miuTiTebs mis pragmatulobaze. 1 

dsT-s 1993 wlis `samoqalaqo, saojaxo da sisxlis samar- 

Tlis saqmeebSi samarTlebrivi daxmarebis konvenciis~, 1995 

wlis èvropis kavSiris wevr saxelmwifiTa eqstradiciis proceduris 

gamartivebis konvenciis~, 1996 wlis èvropis kavSiris 

wevr-saxelmwifoTa eqstradiciis konvenciis~, sxva regionaluri 

da lokaluri konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebi erTmaneT- 

Tan aformeben ormxriv xelSekrulebebs (sqema 1,6), raTa Seavson 

konvenciis debulebebi da moaxdinon masSi mocemuli principebis 

Sidasakanonmdeblo implementacia. ormxrivi xelSekrulebebi 

ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes CamoTvlil wyaroebs, magram 

dasaSvebia Seicavdes dazustebas. 

saqarTveloSi arsebuli eqstradiciis xelSekrulebebi SeiZleba 

davyoT or jgufad: 1) saxelmwifoTaSorisi da 2) uwyebaTaSorisi 

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi. 

saxelmwifoTaSorisi xelSekrulebis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, 

SesaZleblad migvaCnia gamovyoT: a) specialuri da b) 

zogadi xelSekrulebebi. 

specialur xelSekrulebebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT msjavrdebulis 

2 da braldebulis gadacemis xelSekruleba. 3 

zogad xelSekrulebebs ki samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis 

saxelmwifoTaSoris xelSekrulebebi, samoqalaqo, saojaxo 

da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, sadac eqstradicias calke 

1 Ю. Васильев. Институт выдачи преступников (Экстрадиции) в современном 

международном праве, gv. 106. 

2 

`xelSekruleba saqarTvelos da yazaxeTis respublikas Soris Tavisuflebis 

aRkveTiT msjavrdebul pirTa sasjelis mosaxdelad im 

saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb, romlis moqalaqeebic isini 

arian~, — ix.: parlamentis uwyebani. 1997, ¹ 7-8. gv. 4; `saqarTvelosa 

da somxeTis respublikas Soris Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavrdebul 

pirTa sasjelis mosaxdelad gadacemis Sesaxeb~, — ix.: parlamentis 

uwyebani. 1996, ¹13, gv. 31; `saqarTvelos da uzbekeTis respublikas 

Soris msjavrdebul pirTa sasjelis mosaxdelad im saxelmwifosaTvis 

gadacemis Sesaxeb, romlis moqalaqeebic isini arian~, — 

ix.: parlamentis uwyebani. 1996, ¹22-23, gv. 53. 

3 `xelSekruleba saqarTvelos da yazaxeTis respublikas Soris danaSaulis 

Camden pirTa gadacemis Sesaxeb maTi sisxlis samarTlis 

pasuxisgebaSi micemis an ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanisaTvis~, — 

ix.: parlamentis uwyebani. 23.03.1997, ¹11-12, gv. 4; `xelSekruleba saqarTvelosa 

da somxeTis respublikas Soris eqstradiciis Sesaxeb~ 

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier ratificirebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis 

1998 wlis 1 aprilis 1328-Is dadgenilebiT. 

146


Tavi eTmoba. 1 

uwyebaTaSorisi xelSekrulebebi samarTlebrivi urTier- 

Tdaxmarebis sferoSi xels uwyobs saxelmwifoTaSoris arsebuli 

xelSekrulebis cxovrebaSi realizacias (sqema 1,7). mag., 

`xelSekruleba saqarTvelos prokuraturasa da azerbaijanis 

generalur prokuraturas Soris samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis 

Sesaxeb~. 

CamoTvlili xelSekrulebebis ierarqiis dadgenas praqtikuli 

mniSvneloba aqvs. rodesac evropis eqstradiciis konvenciis 

monawile saxelmwifoebs Soris arsebobs mravalmxrivi 

(lokaluri) an ormxrivi xelSekrulebebi, mxareebi uflebamosilni 

arian ixelmZRvanelon aseTi xelSekrulebiT, isini avseben 

am konvencias, magram ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodnen masSi mocemul 

principebs. dReisTvis dsT-s qveynebSi efeqturad moqmedebs 

samoqalaqo, saojaxo da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze samarTlebrivi 

daxmarebis konvencia, saxelmwifoTaSorisi da 

uwyebaTaSorisi xelSekrulebebi, isini damxmare rols asruleben 

evropuli konvenciis realizaciaSi. 

msjavrdebulis gadacemas aregulirebs evropis 1983 wlis 

msjavrdebulis gadacemis konvencia, Tumca mas avsebs dsT-s 

sasjelis Semdgomi moxdis mizniT TavisuflebaaRkveTili 

msjavrdebulis gadacemis 1998 wlis moskovis lokaluri konvencia 

2 da saxelmwifoTaSoris msjavrdebulis gadacemis ormxrivi 

xelSekrulebebi. 

serTaSoriso konvenciebis da xelSekrulebebis garda eqstradiciis 

normatiul wyaroebs saqarTveloSi Seicavs konstitucia, 

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso 

kodeqsi da kanonebi (mag. kanoni saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis 

Sesaxeb). calkeul dargebSi eqstradiciasTan dakavSirebuli 

normebi xSirad meordeba an ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. mar- 

Tebulia saqarTveloSi specialuri kanonSi eqstradiciis normatiuli 

wyaroebis ierarqiis asaxva, rac xels Seuwyobs eqstra- 

1 `saqarTvelos da azerbaijanis respublikas Soris samoqalaqo, saojaxo 

da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze samarTlebrivi daxmarebisa 

da samarTlebriv urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb xelSekruleba~, — ix.: parlamentis 

uwyebani. 1996, ¹18, gv. 47; `saqarTvelos da ukrainis respublikas 

Soris samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze samar- 

Tlebrivi daxmarebisa da samarTlebriv urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb 

xelSekruleba~, — ix.: parlamentis uwyebani. 1996, ¹5-6, gv. 120; `saqarTvelos 

da uzbekeTis respublikas Soris samoqalaqo, saojaxo 

da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze samarTlebrivi daxmarebisa da samarTlebriv 

urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb xelSekruleba~, — ix.: parlamentis 

uwyebani. 1996, ¹22-23, gv. 71. 

2 

Конвенция о передаче осуждённых к лишению свободи для дальнейшего 

отбывания наказания. М., 06. 03. 1998. – KONV-376. DOC. 

147

148 


diciis an masze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebis dadgenas. 

zogierT saxelmwifoSi eqstradiciis normatiuli wyaroebis 

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi regulireba gansxvavebulia. i. luka- 

Suki da a. naumovi am mxriv saxelmwifoTa or jgufs gamohyofs. 

pirvels miakuTvneben qveynebs, romlebSic mocemuli problema 

regulirdeba konstituciuri, sisxlis samarTlis da sisxlis 

samarTlis saproceso normebiT (mag., italia, safrangeTi, saqarTvelo, 

yazaxeTi, ruseTi da sxva qveynebi), meores ki im saxelmwifoebs, 

sadac es sakiTxi mowesrigebulia specialuri kanonebiT 

(azerbaijani, 1 Sveicaria, 2 kanada, 3 inglisi, 4 germania, 5 

avstria, 6 islandia, 7 tailandi, 8 pakistani, 9 da sxva). dasmuli sakiTxis 

sworad warmoCenis mizniT marTebulia saxelmwifoTa mesame 

jgufis gamoyofac, radgan eqstradiciis kanonebi kompleqsurad 

mocemulia krebulSi, sadac maT calke Tavi (an kari) eTmoba 

(mag., aSS, 10 malta, 11 da sxva). 

aSS-s, maltis da sxva saxelmwifoebis eqstradiciis normatiuli 

wyaroebis sakanonmdeblo krebulSi gaerTianeba gamowveulia 

am qveynebis kanonmdeblobis sistematizaciis specifikurobiT. 

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba gamovyoT saxelmwifoTa 

sami jgufi, romlebSic eqstradiciis normatiuli wyaroebi 

mocemulia: 1. calkeul dargebSi; 2.specialur kanonSi; da 3. 

erTian kanonTa krebulSi (sqema 1, 8, a,b,g). 

eqstradiciis an masze uaris Tqmis gadawyvetilebis misa- 

Rebad mniSvnelovani roli xelSekrulebas eniWeba, magram misi 

1 Закон Азербайджанской Республики о выдаче лиц, совершивших преступления 

(экстрадиции). 15.05.2001, – http://www.mia.gov.az/index.php/ru/content/29413/. 

2 Loi fédérale sur l’entraide internationale en matière pénale (Loi sur l’entraide pénale 

internationale, EIMP) , – http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/3/351.1.fr.pdf. 

3 

Extradition Act, – http://canlii.ca/en/ca/laws/stat/sc-1999-c-18/latest/sc-1999-c- 

18.html. 

4 Extradition Act, – http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2003/ukpga_20030041_en_1. 

5 

Gesetz über die internationale Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen. 23. Dezember 1982. (IRG), 

– http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bundesrecht/irg/gesamt.pdf. 

6 Auslieferung und Rechtshilfegesetz (ARHG). Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Ősterreich, 

Ausgegeben am 28. Dezember 1979 (BGBl Nr. 529/1979), Das Auslieferungs 

und Rechtshilfegesetz, zuletzt geändert durch das Bundesgesetz BGBl. I Nr. 164/2004. 

7 Extradition of Criminals and Other Assistance in Criminal Proceedings Act, – http://- 

eng.domsmalaraduneyti.is/laws-and-regulations/nr/104. 

8 Extradition Act, – http://www.thailawforum.com/database1/Extradition-Act.html. 

9 Extradition Act, – http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/2/54/39365414.pdf. 

10 18 USC Chapter 209 – Extradition, – http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode- 

18/usc_sup_01_18_10_II_20_209.html. 

11 Chapter 276, Extradition Act, – http://docs.justice.gov.mt/lom/legislation/english/leg/- 

vol_6/chapt276.pdf.


ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi am sakiTxis mowesrigeba SesaZlebelia 

specialuri kanonis meSveobiT. 

n. safarovi aRniSnavs, rom azerbaijanSi eqstradiciis 

xelSekrulebis ararsebobisas xarvezs `danaSaulis Camden pir- 

Ta (eqstradiciis) gadacemis kanoni~ avsebs. 1 rogorc avtori 

dasZens eqstradiciis erovnuli kanoni aRniSnul sakiTxs gamokveTil 

samarTlebriv CarCoebSi svams, romelic axdens eqstradiciis 

yvela etapis reglamentacias. 2 

sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sistemis saxelmwifoebSi eqstradiciis 

normebi xSirad gansxvavebulia, Tumca eqstradiciis 

normatiuli wyaroebis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi reguulireba 

xSirad msgavsia, rasac mowmobs specialuri kanonebis arseboba, 

romanul-germanuli (germania, Sveicaria), saerTo (inglisi, kanada) 

da religiuri samarTlebrivi sistemis ojaxis qveynebSi. 

aseTi msgavseba xels uwyobs eqstradiciis an masze uaris Tqmis 

saerTaSoriso standartebis Camoyalibebas. 

eqstradiciis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis, Teoriis da 

praqtikis SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi, normativistuli da dogmaturi 

meTodis mixedviT Catarebuli kvleva cxadyofs, rom 

marTebulia saqarTveloSi braldebulis da damnaSavis (msjavrdebulis) 

gadacemis sakiTxi specialuri kanoniT iqnas regulirebuli, 

romelic SesaZloa iwodebodes `saqarTvelos eqstradiciis 

kanonad~ an an miRebuli iqnas kompleqsuri saxis 

`saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso sisxlisamarTlebrivi TanamSromlobis 

kanoni~ sadac eqstradicias calke Tavi daeTmoba. 

1 Н. Сафаров. Комментарий к Закону Азербайджанской Республики «О выдаче 

(экстрадиции) лиц, совершивших преступления». Баку, 2001, gv. 9. 

2 Н. Сафаров. Комментарий к Закону Азербайджанской Республики «О выдаче 

(экстрадиции) лиц, совершивших преступления», gv. 9. 

149

VEPKHVIA GVARAMIA 


SIGNIFICANT ISSUES OF HIERARCHY OF NORMATIVE 

SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND NATIONAL LAW 

ON EXTRADITION 

Against the background of legislative reforms ongoing in Georgia we found 

that it would be reasonable to formulate the characteristics and hierarchy of 

normative sources on extradition, what could be the means for dealing with the 

rejection of extradition, competing requests, collision and many other problems. 

Three groups of the states could be distinguished, those, where the nomative 

sources of extradition are provided in: 1. individual sectors, 2. in the special 

laws; and 3. in general corpus juris. 

Research conducted according to the legislative regulation of extradition, 

theory and practice comparative-legal, normative and dogmatic method shows 

that in Georgia it would be reasonable to regulate the issue of passing of the accused 

and charged by special law, which could be titled as “Georgian Law on 

Extradition”, or to adopt the law of complex type: “Georgian Law on International 

Criminal Collaboration”, where separate chapter will be dedicated to extradition. 

eqstradiciaze uaris Tqmis normatiuli wyaroebis ierarqia 

sqema ¹1 

150


qeTevan jinWaraZe 

suverenitetis cneba da misi gagebis 

Tanamedrove tendenciebi 

suvereniteti, rogorc saxelmwifos ZiriTadi niSani, pirvelad 

frangi iuristis Jan bodenis (XVIs) SromebSi gvxvdeba, 

magram, aq `saxelmwifo xelisufleba~ suverenis xelisuflebas- 

Tan aris gaigivebuli. 1 es arcaa gasakviri, radgan bodenis politikur 

ideals centralizebuli saxelmwifo warmoadgens, sadac 

xelisufleba erT pirs, erT romelime krebas ekuTvnis. 2 

1648w. vestfaliis zavis Semdeg, suverenitetma axali Sinaarsi 

SeiZina. Camoyalibda e.w. vestfalis suverenitetis koncefcia, 

rac niSnavs xelisuflebis iseT organizacias, romlis 

drosac saxelmwifo uzenaesia Tavisi teritoriis farglebSi, 

damoukidebelia saSinao da sagareo politikis ganxorcielebisas 

da iuridiulad Tanasworia sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTier- 

Tobis damyarebis dros. amgvarad, safuZveli Caeyara Tanamedrove 

sistemas, romlis mixedviTac suvereniteti nebismieri saxelmwifos 

ZiriTadi atributi gaxda. 

suverenitetis cneba sxvadasxvagvarad aris Camoyalibebuli 

zogad ganmartebiT leqsikonebsa da enciklopediebSi, specialur 

iuridiul leqsikonebsa da enciklopediebSi, aseve samecniero 

literaturaSi. ganvixiloT ramdenime maTgani. 

magaliTad, `qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ suverenitetis 

cnebac ar aris, mxolod misi sakmaod mwiri mniSvnelobaa 

mocemuli, romlis mixedviTac `suvereniteti — saxelmwifos 

damoukideblobas, sakuTari mmarTvelobis uflebas niSnavs 

(polit.)~. 3 erT-erTi uaxlesi iuridiuli leqsikoni suverenitetis 

SedarebiT vrcel mniSvnelobas gvaZlevs: `suvereniteti 

— (frang. uzenaesi xelisufleba) saxelmwifo suvereniteti 

— saxelmwifo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukidebloba, 

rac vlindeba saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo-politikuri saqmianobis 

saTanado formaSi~. 4 am leqsikonSi mocemuli suverenitetis 

ganmarteba axali ar aris. igi `qarTuli sabWoTa leqsikonidanaa~ 

gadmotanili, romelSic, garda suverenitetis zemoT 

1 v. metreveli, g. daviTaSvili. politikur da samarTlebriv moZRvrebaTa 

istoria. leqciebis kursi. Tb., 1999, gv. 84. 

2 v. metreveli, g. daviTaSvili. politikur da samarTlebriv moZRvrebaTa 

istoria, gv. 84. 

3 

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. rvatomeuli. t. VI. Tb., 1960, 

gv. 1171. 

4 l. daneliSvili, m. mesxiSvili. iuridiuli leqsikoni. Tb., 2008, gv. 

450. 

151

152 


Camoyalibebuli cnebisa, mocemulia misi gamovlinebis zogier- 

Ti forma, mag., rogoricaa: saxelmwifos uflebamosileba daamyaros 

marTlwesrigi sazogadoebaSi (Tund iZulebis gamoyenebiT), 

daakisros movaleoba da mianiWos uflebebi Tanamdebobis 

pirebs, dawesebulebebs, organizaciebs, moqalaqeebsa da a. S., da 

niSnebi: `...saxelmwifos suverenitetis safuZvelia xalxis sruluflebianoba, 

rac uzrunvelyofilia xalxis suverenuli uflebebiT 

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi da xorcieldeba 

socialuri demokratiis institutebis saSualebiT. suvereniteti 

damoukidebels xdis saxelmwifoebs saerTaSoriso 

urTierTobebSi; igi gamodis rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

damoukidebeli subieqti~. 1 

s. TezeliSvilis ìuridiul enciklopediaSi~, gaugebradaa 

Camoyalibebuli suverenitetis mniSvneloba, TiTqos gaigivebulia, 

aRreulia saxelmwifo da saxalxo suvetreniteti, rac, Cemi 

azriT, marTebuli ar aris da didi Secdomaa. aq suvereniteti 

Semdegnairadaa daxasiaTebuli: `saxelmwifo suvereniteti — saxelmwifoebriobis 

arsebobis bunebrivi da aucilebeli piroba. 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis wyarosa da suverenitetis matarebels 

warmoadgens misi mravalerovani xalxi, romelic saxelmwifo 

xelisuflebas axorcielebs uSualod da konstituciis safuZvelze 

warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis meSveobiT~. 2 

rusi mecnieris s. aleqseevis SromebSi suvereniteti Semdegnairadaa 

daxasiaTebuli: `suvereniteti, rogorc saxelmwifos 

erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSani, aris misi SesaZlebloba, sruluflebiana 

awarmoos saSinao da sagareo-politikuri urTier- 

Tobebi da ar dauSvas Tavis saqminaobaSi sxva saxelmwifoTa da 

saxelmwifos SigniT arsebuli sxvagvari Zalebis (organizaciebis) 

Careva~. 3 

qarTveli mecnieri, g. inwkirveli odnav ganavrcobs s. aleeqseevis 

ganmartebas da mas Semdegi saxiT ayalibebs: `saxelmwifo 

suvereniteti gulisxmobs mis SesaZleblobas, qveyanaSi moqmedi 

samarTlisa da aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso normebis farglebSi 

sruluflebianad awarmoos saSinao da sagareo saqmeebi 

da ar dauSvas Tavis saqmianobaSi sxva saxelmwifoebis an saxelmwifos 

SigniT arsebuli sxva Zalebis (organizaciebis) Careva. e. 

i. suvereniteti niSnavs saxelmwifos uzenaesobas qveynis SigniT 

da damoukideblobas sxva qveynebTan urTierTobaSi.~ 4 mocemul 

1 

qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. Tormettomeuli. t. IX. Tb., 1985, gv. 

1235. 

2 s. TezeliSvili. iuridiuli enciklopedia. Tb., 2008, gv. 571. 

3 С. С. Алексеев. Государство и право. Начальный курс. М., 1999, gv. 215. 

4 g. inwkirveli. saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria. ZiriTadi cnebebi 

da debulebebi. Tb., 1999, gv. 30.


cnebaTagan es yvelaze srulyofili ganmartebaa da suverenitetis 

yvela Tvisebas axasiaTebs. 

rogorc davinaxeT, warmodgenil cnebebSi, sityvaTa sxvadasxvagvari 

Tanwyobis miuxedavad, suverenitets erTi da igive 

arsi da iuridiuli buneba devs. es aris saxelmwifos, da misi 

funqciebis ZiriTadi Semsruleblis — saxelmwifo xelisuflebis, 

damoukidebloba qveynis SigniT da sagareo urTierTobebSi. 

suverenitetis ganusxvisebel iuridiul Tvisebebad aRiarebulia 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis erTianoba, uzenaesoba da 

damoukidebloba. 1 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba vlindeba mis SesaZleblobaSi, 

damoukideblad daadginos sazogadoebis yvela wevrisaTvis 

savaldebulo qcevis wesebi, daawesos da uzrunvelyos 

saerTo marTlwesrigi, gansazRvros uflebebi da movaleobebi 

moqalaqeebis, Tanamdebobis pirebis, saxelmwifo da partiuli, 

sazogadoebrivi organoebisa da organizaciebisaTvis. 

uzenaesobis zogadi mniSvnelobidan unda gamovyoT saxelmwifos 

teritoriuli uzenaesoba, romelic saxelmwifos umaRles, 

srul da gansakuTrebul xelisuflebas niSnavs Tavis teritoriaze. 

teritoriuli uzenaesoba moicavs umaRles xelisuflebas 

(imperium) da suverenul mmarTvelobas (dominium). es ukanaskneli 

gansxvavdeba samoqalaqo sakuTrebis uflebisagan, romelic saxelmwifo 

teritoriis an misi resursebis gankargvis SesaZleblobas 

niSnavs. sakuTrebis samoqalaqo ufleba arsebobs saxelmwifos 

mier dadgenili kanonis Sesabamisad. piris mier miwis nakveTze 

sakuTrebis uflebis SeZena ar iwvevs am miwis nakveTis saxelmwifos 

teritoriidan amoRebas, maSinac ki, Tu mesakuTre 

sxva saxelmwifo xdeba. 2 

radgan saxelmwifo gansakuTrebul xelisuflebas axorcielebs 

Tavis teritoriaze, mas ekisreba Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobac 

yvela im qmedebaze, rac am teritoriaze xorcieldeba. is 

valdebulia, uzrunvelyos sxva saxelmwifoTa da maTi moqalaqeebis 

kanonieri interesebi da uflebebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxveva- 

Si misi saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi 

1 suverenitetis cnebis fuZemdebeli Jan bodeni mis Tvisebad saxelmwifo 

xelisuflebis mudmivobasac miiCnevda: `suverenul saxelmwifo 

xelisuflebas aqvs mudmivi xasiaTi. es imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifoebrivi 

xelisufleba ar SeiZleba gadaeces vinmes droebiT an garkveuli 

pirobebiT~ (cit.: v. metreveli, g. daviTaSvili. politikur da samar- 

Tlebriv moZRvrebaTa istoria, gv. 84). misi Sexeduleba gasagebia, is 

xom erTaderT suverenad monarqs aRiarebda. 

2 И. И. Лукащук. Международное право. Общая часть. 3-е издание, переработанное 

и дополненное. М., 2005, gv. 407. 

153

154 


dgeba. 

saxelmwifos teritoriis farglebSi ganxorcielebulma 

qmedebam, maT Soris iseTmac, romelic saerTaSoriso samar- 

TliT ar aris akrZaluli, ziani ar unda miayenos sxva saxelmwifos, 

mis teritoriul da politikur damoukideblobas. dRes, 

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens transsasazRvro zianis 

problema. am ukanasknelis qveS gaigeba iseTi ziani, romelic miadga 

sxva saxelmwifos mocemuli saxelmwifos teritoriaze an 

mis iurisdiqciaSi Semaval an mis kontrols daqvemdebarebul 

sxva adgilze ganxorcielebuli qmedebiT. pirvel rigSi, es gare 

samyaros ekologiuri mdgomareobis gauaresebas exeba. 

teritoriul princips gadmwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifo 

xelisuflebis moqmedebis sferos gansazRvris dros. mas 

eqsteritoriulobis aspeqtic gaaCnia. es imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo 

iurisdiqcia Tavis moqalaqeebze saerTaSorsio sivrceSic 

moqmedebs. 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis teritoriuli uzenaesobis mkafio 

gamoxatulebas saxelmwifos mTel teritoriaze xelisuflebis 

umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da sakanonmdeblo organos 

mier miRebuli konstituciisa da sxva saxis kanonTa uzenaesoba 

warmoadgens. 

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba, rogorc 

saqarTvelos suverenitetis niSani, saqarTvelos konstituciis 

VI muxlis I nawiliTaa ganmtkicebuli. masSi aRiarebulia, 

rom `saqarTvelos konstitucia saxelmwifos uzenaesi kanonia. 

yvela sxva samarTlebrivi aqti unda Seesabamebodes konstitucias~. 

uzenaesoba, es is Tvisebaa, romelic saxelmwifo xelisuflebas 

erTaderT politikur xelisuflebad aqcevs da suverenuli 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis gverdiT sxva politikuri xelisuflebis 

arsebobas gamoricxavs. 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis erTianoba, rogorc suverenitetis 

Tviseba, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom saxelmwifoSi erTi organo 

an organoTa sistema arsebobs, romelic erTobliobaSi 

umaRles saxelmwifo xelisuflebas moicavs. 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis erTianobis iuridiuli niSnebi 

imaSi gamoixateba, rom saxelmwifo xelisuflebis momcvel organoTa 

sistemis erToblivi kompetencia gulisxmobs mTel uflebamosilebebs, 

rac aucilebelia saxelmwifos funqciebis 

ganxorcielebisaTvis, xolo calkeul organoebs, romlebic am 

sistemas miekuTvnebian, ar SeuZliaT erTi da imave subieqtebs 

identuri garemoebebis arsebobisas urTierTgamomricxavi qcevis 

wesebi daudginon. 

saqarTvelos konstituciis III muxlSi im sakiTxTa amomwu-


ravi CamonaTvalia mocemuli, romlebic mxolod saqarTvelos 

umaRles saxelmwifo organoTa gansakuTrebul gamgeblobas miekuTvneba. 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis sistemis erTianoba — saxelmwifos 

mTlianobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani garantiaa. amave dros, 

igi saxelmwifo suverenitetis erT-erTi mkafio gamovlinebaa. 

suverenuli saxelmwifos xelisuflebis umniSvnelovanesi 

Tvisebaa misi damoukidebloba. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba 

niSnavs, mis damoukideblobas rogorc qveynis 

SigniT, ise sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobebSi. 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba da uzenaesoba 

gamoixateba: 

universalurobaSi — saxelmwifo xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebebi 

savaldebuloa am saxelmwifos teritoriaze 

myofi yvela adamianisa da moqalaqisaTvis, 

aseve aq arsebuli an moqmedi organizaciisaTvis; 

prerogativaSi — sxva sazogadoebrivi xelisuflebis 

nebismieri arakanonieri gamovlinebis ukugdebisa 

da ararad gamocxadebis, aseve sazogadoebrivi 

xelisuflebis nebismieri gamovlinebis saxelmwifo 

xelisuflebiT ganmtkicebis SesaZlebloba; 

zemoqmedebis specialuri saSualebebis arseboba- 

Si, romelsac ar flobs sxva aranairi sazogadoebrivi 

organizacia. 

aqve unda avRniSno, rom suverenitetis zemoCamoTvlil 

niSnebs ar aqvT absoluturi xasiaTi. Tanamedrove msoflioSi 

arcerTi saxelmwifos suvereniteti ar niSnavs, rom is saerTod 

arafriTaa SeboWili saxelmwifos SigniT da absoluturad damoukidebelia 

sxva saxelmwifoebsa, da mTlianad msoflio Tanamegobrobisagan. 

aq, Cven saubari gvaqvs TviTon suverenitetis 

cnebis SefardebiT xasiaTze da ara mis SezRudvaze. Tumca, samecniero 

literaturaSi vxvdebiT mosazrebebs, sadac suverenitetis 

SefardebiTi xasiaTi da misi SezRudva identur movlenebad 

aris ganxiluli. magaliTad, saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoriis 

sferoSi momuSave cnobili frangi mecnieri m. oriu saxelmwifos 

mier sakuTari suverenitetis SezRudvis faqts xedavda 

imaSi, rom saxelmwifo xelisufleba samarTlis fargleb- 

Si moqmedebda: `yvela dameTanxmeba, rom TviTSezRudva unda arsebobdes~. 

1 e.i. politikuri xelisufleba Tavisdauneburad unda 

emorCilebodes moqmed samarTals `da aseve Tavisdauneburad 

unda asrulebdes sakuTari saqmianobis SezRudvis mizniT 

1 

М. Н. Марченко. Теория государства и права. М., 2004, gv. 59. 

155

156 


moqmedi samarTlis Seqmnis masze dakisrebul valdebulebas~. 1 m. 

oriusTvis problema mxolodis is iyo, rom ar icoda, Tu rogor 

ganexila es TviTSezRudva, rogorc saxelmwifos subieqturi 

nebis gamovlineba, Tu rogorc saxelmwifoebrivi organizaciis 

obieqturi Sedegi. 2 

suverenitetis cnebis damfuZnebeli Jan bodenic, miuxedavad 

Tavisi aRiarebisa, suverenuli saxelmwifoebrivi xelisuflebis 

SeuzRudvelobaze, rac imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifoebrivi 

xelisufleba yvela im kanonze maRla dgas, romelic mas daudgenia 

an gamoucia, bolos mainc suverenitetis SemzRudvel 

faqtorebze saubrobs. am SemzRudvel faqtorebs J. bodeni, 

upirveles yovlisa, miakuTvnebs bunebiT kanonebs, romlebic 

bunebis mier aris dadgenili da yovelgvari saxelmwifoebrivi 

xelisufleba, romlebic adgens kanonebs, unda xelmZRvanelobdes 

bunebiTi kanonebiT. 3 

piradad Cven, migvaCnia, rom adamianis uflebebiT an bunebiTi 

samarTliT saxelmwifoTa SesaZleblobebis, anu saxelmwifo 

xelisuflebis moqmedebis SezRudva sulac ar niSnavs am saxelmwifos 

an misi xelisuflebis suverenitetis SezRudvas. saxelmwifoc 

da xelisuflebac xalxis mier Seqmnili meqanizmia. 

amitom, swored xalxi awesebs saxelmwifosa da xelisuflebis 

moqmedebis farglebs, misi nebaa es farglebi ramdenad viwro an 

farTo iqneba. 

aqedan gamomdinare, vinaidan suvereniteti saxelmwifos 

ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli niSania, Cven ar gvaqvs ufleba, visaubroT 

mis SezRudvaze, is SeiZleba mxolod sruli iyos, radgan 

Tu saxelmwifos suvereniteti gaaCnia is suverenuli saxelmwifoa, 

Tu ara — maSin amgvari warmonaqmni ar SeiZleba saxelmwifod 

CaiTvalos. SeiZleba saxelmwifo, romelsac SezRuduli 

suverenuli uflebebi gaaCnia, saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqtad 

ganvixiloT am SemTxvevaSi eWvis qveS dadgeba TviT saerTa- 

Soriso samarTlis arsebobis sakiTxi, radgan Tu saxelmwifos 

damoukidebloba iZulebiTi wesiTaa SezRuduli, maSin saxelmwifos 

dacvis saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi unda 

amoqmeddes da samarTaldamrRvevi daisajos, Tu nebayoflobiT 

izRudavs saxelmwifo suverenul uflebebs da amiT sxva uflebebis 

realizacias axdens, TavisTavad, es suverenitetis SezRudva 

ki ara, piriqiT, misi realizaciaa. am sakiTxze saintereso 

mosazreba aqvs warmodgenili valerian xaburZanias Tavi. misi 

azriT, `rogori mniSvnelovani moculobiT ar unda izRudebo- 

1 М. Н. Марченко. Теория государства и права, gv. 59. 

2 М. Н. Марченко. Теория государства и права, gv. 59. 

3 

v. metreveli, g. daviTaSvili. politikur da samarTlebriv 

moZRvrebaTa istoria, gv. 84.


des saxelmwifos xelisuflebiTi uflebebi, ra movaleobebic 

ar unda ekisrebodes mas, Tu es movaleobani TviT saxelmwifos 

gansakuTrebul nebelobiT aqts efuZnebian, an gamomdinare 

xelSekrulebidan, an kanonidan, saxelmwifo damoukidebeli 

rCeba, igi savsebiT inarCunebs suverenul xasiaTs da piriqiT: 

Tu erTi raime ufleba erTmeva saxelmwifos, an erTi raime valdebuleba 

ekisreba mas gareSe uzenaesi xelisuflebisagan, am xelisuflebis 

sakuTari uflebiT, maSin saxelmwifos TviTgansazRvra 

aRar aris gansakuTrebuli da Sesabamisad sruliad 

uaryofs mis suverenul, damoukidebel xasiaTs. Tviseba, romlis 

ZaliTac saxelmwifo TviTgansazRvris gansakuTrebuli 

uflebiT sargeblobs, aris suvereniteti. aSkaraa, rom es Tviseba 

SeiZleba iyos, an ar iyos. gamomdinare aqedan suverenitetis 

dayofaze, naxevar an SezRudul suverenitetze saerTod ar 

SeiZleba saubari~ (xazgasma Cvenia — q.j.). 1 

maSasadame, Cven suverenitetis SezRudvaze saubris ufleba 

ar gvaqvs, SegviZlia mxolod mis SefardebiT xasiaTsa da ganxorcielebis 

farglebze vimsjeloT. 

suverenitetis SefardebiTi xasiaTis ukeT gasagebad saWiroa, 

ganvixiloT saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli 

saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworobis principi. es 

principi mTeli Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis safuZvelia. 

saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworobis principis Sinaarsi 

mdgomareobs SemdegSi: 

saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian, pativi scen erTmaneTis 

suverenul Tanasworobasa da Taviseburebebs, 

aseve suverenitetisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yvela uflebas, 

maT Soris samarTalsubieqturobas; TiToeul 

saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs, Tavisuflad airCios da ganaviTaros 

sakuTari politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri, 

da kulturuli sistema, daadginos sakuTari 

kanonebi da administraciuli wesebi; 

yvela saxelmwifos Tanabari ZiriTadi uflebebi da 

movaleobebi gaaCnia; 

isini valdebulni arian pativi scen erTmaneTis uflebas, 

sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr gansazRvron da 

ganaxorcielon TanamSromloba sxva saxelmwifoeb- 

Tan saerTaSoriso samarTlis Sesabamisad; 

TiToeul saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs, monawileoba mii- 

1 v. xaburZania. suverenitetis Teoria da konstituciuri kanonmdebloba. 

disertacia wardgenili iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero 

xarisxis mosapoveblad. Tb., 2008, gv.58-59. 

157

158 


Ros saerTaSoriso organizaciebsa da xelSekrulebebSi; 

saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian keTilsindisierad 

Seasrulon saerTaSoriso samarTliT maTze dakisrebuli 

valdebulebebi. 1 

maSasadame, suverenuli Tanasworobis principi ori elementisagan 

Sedgeba — suvereniteti da Tanasworoba. maT Soris 

ganuyofeli kavSiri arsebobs. suvereniteti realuri SeiZleba 

mxolod Tanasworobis pirobebSi iyos. da piriqiT, suverenitetis 

pativiscema — Tanasworobis aucilebebli pirobaa. 

rogorc zeviT avRniSneT, suverenitets — ori (saSinao da 

sagareo) aspeqti gaaCnia. saxelmwifo damoukidebelia rogorc 

qveynis SigniT, ise saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi. amitom, rodesac 

suverenitetis SefardebiT xasiaTze vsaubrobT, igi swored 

am or aspeqtSi unda ganvixiloT. 

saxelmwifos damoukidebloba qveynis SigniT adamianisa da 

moqalaqis ZiriTadi uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT aris SezRuduli. 

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciam konstituciuri 

da saerTaSoriso samarTlisaTvis saerTo principi 

aRiara: `xalxis neba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis safuZvelia~. 2 

saqarTvelos konstituciis VII muxlis Sesabamisad, `saxelmwifo 

cnobs da icavs adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebul uflebebsa da 

Tavisuflebebs, rogorc waruval da uzenaes adamianur Rirebulebebs. 

xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas xalxi da saxelmwifo 

SezRuduli arian am uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT, rogorc 

uSualod moqmedi samarTliT~. 

saxelmwifos sagareo damoukideblobac SefardebiTi xasiaTisaa. 

saxelmwifos suvrenuli xelisufleba sxva saxelmwifo- 

Ta analogiuri xelisuflebiT aris SezRuduli. amitom, Cven Tu 

àbsoluturi suverenitetis~ koncefcias vaRiarebT, erTi saxelmwifos 

suvereniteti SeuTavsebeli iqneba sxva saxelmwifos 

suverenitetTan. saerTaSoriso samarTlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani 

funqciaa — saxelmwifoTa suverenuli xelisuflebebis 

moqmedebis sferoebis gamijvna. amasTan, suvereniteti saerTa- 

Soriso samarTlis farglebSi xorcieldeba. SemTxveviTi araa, 

rom suverenuli Tanasworobis principi saxelmwifos mxridan, 

masze saerTaSoriso samarTliT dakisrebuli valdebulebis 

Sesrulebis moTxovnas Seicavs. 

literaturasa da praqtikaSi gavrcelebulia mosazreba, 

1 ix.: gaero-s wesdeba; 1970 wlis deklaracia principebis Sesaxeb, romliTac 

unda ixelmZRvanelon gaero-s wevrma saxelmwifoebma urTier- 

TSoris; evropaSi uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis TaTbiris 1975 wlis 

TaTbiris daskvniTi aqti. 

2 

1948 wlis adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia. muxli 21.


rom saerTaSoriso samarTali zRudavs saxelmwifo suverenitets, 

da rom suvereniteti da saerTaSoriso samarTali SeuTavsebeli 

cnebebia. magaliTad, h. kelzeni fiqrobs, rom `saxelmwifoebi, 

romlebsac saerTaSoriso samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli 

valdebulebebi akisriaT, ukve amis ZaliT suverenulebi ar arian~, 

1 xolo amerikeli iuristi m. jenisi saerTod amtkicebs, rom 

`suvereniteti da saerTaSoriso samarTali aSkarad antagonisturi 

cnebebia~. 2 magram, sinamdvileSi, suvereniteti da saerTa- 

Soriso samarTali erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebulni arian. 

swored, sakuTari suverenuli uflebebis ZaliT SeuZlia saxelmwifos 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis normis Camoyalibebasa da misi 

Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobis miReba. saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis erT-erT ZiriTad subieqtad suverenuli saxelmwifo 

gvevlineba. 

saerTaSoriso samarTali suverenitetis umniSvnelovanesi 

garantiaa. misi ZiriTadi principebi saxelmwifoTa suverenuli 

uflebebis qartias warmoadgenen. saerTaSoriso samarTali er- 

TmaneTisagan mijnavs saxelmwifoTa suverenuli xelisuflebebis 

urTierTmoqmedebebs da uzrunvelyofs maT mier suverenuli 

uflebebis realizacias. 

rogorc adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis 

uzrunvelyofaa SesaZlebeli mxolod moqmedi samarTlis 

safuZvelze, aseve, suverenitetic realuri SeiZleba iyos, mxolod 

saerTaSoriso marTlwesrigis pirobebSi. 

nebismieri demokratiuli saxelmwifo, saerTaSoriso ur- 

TierTobebSi Tavis Tavze iRebs valdebulebas, mxedvelobaSi 

miiRos da daeqvemdebaros saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod 

aRiarebul normebs (ius cogens), mis mier dadebul xelSekrulebebs. 

saqarTvelos konstituciis VI muxlis II nawilis Tanaxmad, 

`saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba Seesabameba saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa da normebs. saqarTvelos 

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi 

ar ewinaaRmdegba saqarTvelos konstitucias, konstituciur 

SeTanxmebas aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi 

normatiuli aqtebis mimarT~. 

saxelmwifo, debs ra, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas, axdens 

Tavisi suverenitetis realizacias, igi amiT zRudavs qmedebis 

Tavisuflebas da ara suverenul uflebas. amas garda, xelSekruleba 

saxelmwifos aniWebs axal SesaZleblobebs, romlebic 

SeTanxmebul SezRudvebs aRematebian. 

saerTaSoriso samarTali aseve xels uwyobs suverenitetis 

1 American Journal of International Law (AJIL). #1, 1950, gv. 276. 

2 

M. Janis. An Introduction to International Law. Boston, 1993, gv. 151. 

159

160 


sivrciTi sferos gafarToebas, aniWebs ra saxelmwifoebs gansazRvrul 

suverenul uflebebs kosmosur sivrceSi, kontinentalur 

Selfze, gansakuTrebul ekonomikur zonaSi. is SesaZleblobas 

aZlevs saxelmwifos, monawileoba miiRos saerTo 

problemebis gadwyvetaSi. 

amgvarad, suvereniteti did rols TamaSobs rogorc saxelmwifos 

SigniT, ise saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi. is saxelmwifoTa 

urTierTdamokidebulebis zrdis pirobebSi zRudavs 

maT mier qcevis erTmxrivi arCevanis SesaZleblobas. msoflioSi 

izrdeba globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone problemebis raodenoba, 

rac SeiZleba gadawydes mxolod saxelmwifoTa urTierTTanamSromlobis 

Sedegad. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom suvereniteti 

xalxisgan momdinare saxelmwifos umaRlesi xelisuflebaa, romelic 

damoukideblad xorcieldeba erovnuli da saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis Sesabamisad. 

axla, rac Seexeba, suverenuli Tanasworobis principis meore 

elements — Tanasworobas, romelic ganuyofel kavSirSia 

suverenitetTan. aq saubaria saxelmwifoTa suverenuli uflebebis 

Tanasworobaze. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi yvela saxelmwifo 

Tanasworia, isini erTnairad sargebloben saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis normebiT, miuxedavad maTi teritoriuli sididisa, 

mosaxleobis raodenobisa, ekonomikuri da samxedro siZlierisa. 

aqve, unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom praqtikaSi, xSirad 

warmoiSveba Tanasworobis problema, ver gamovricxavT saxelmwifoTa 

faqtiur uTanasworobas, magram es mxolod xazs usvams 

maTi iuridiuli Tanasworobis mniSvnelobas. 

rogorc viciT, da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi vxedavT, adamianebic 

araTanasworni arian Tavis realur SesaZleblobebSi, 

magram es ar gamoricxavs kanonis winaSe maT Tanasworobas. saxelmwifoTa 

suverenuli Tanasworobis principis garda, saxelmwifos 

mier Tavisi saSinao da sagareo politikis ganxorcielebis 

mniSvnelovan iuridiul garantiebad gvevlinebian saerTa- 

Soriso samarTlis iseTi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebic, 

rogoricaa: teritoriuli mTlianoba, sazRvrebis urRvevoba, 

saSinao saqmeebSi Caurevloba. amitom saxelmwifo suverenitetis 

iuridiuli bunebis srulad warmoCena SeuZleblad mimaCnia, 

maTi Sinaarsis ganxilvis gareSe. teritoriuli mTlianobis 

principi ara marto suverenitetis garantia, aramed, misi Semadgeneli 

mniSvnelovani nawilicaa. is gaTvaliswinebulia, evropaSi 

uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis TaTbiris 1975 wlis 

daskvniT aqtSi. saxelmwifoTa teritoriuli mTlianobis principi, 

niSnavs saxelmwifos teritoriis nebismieri xelyofisagan 

dacvas, gaero-s wesdebasTan Seusabamo nebismieri qmedebisagan 

TavSekavebas, romelic mimarTuli iqneba nebismieri saxelmwifos 

teritoriuli mTlianobis, politikuri damoukideblobisa


da erTianobis winaaRmdeg. 

teritoriuli mTlianobis principis Sinaarsi mdgomareobs 

SemdegSi: 

akrZalulia nebismieri qmedeba, romelic mimarTulia 

saxelmwifo teritoriuli mTlianobis an xelSeuxeblobis 

winaaRmdeg; 

saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian, Tavi Seikavon saer- 

TaSoriso samarTlis normebis sawinaaRmdegod, er- 

TmaneTis teritoriis okupaciis an Zalis gamoyenebis 

obieqtad gadaqcevisagan; 

bunebrivi resursebi saxelmwifo teritoriis Semadgeneli 

konponentebia. maTi gamoyeneba ucxoelebis an 

sxva saxelmwifoTa mier teritoriuli suverenis Tanxmobis 

gareSe teritoriuli xelSeuxeblobis dar- 

Rvevas warmoadgens. 1 

rac Seexeba sazRvrebis urRvevobis princips, is avsebs teritoriul 

mTlianobas. 1970 wlis deklaraciaSi principebis Sesaxeb, 

romliTac unda isargeblon gaeros wevrma saxelmwifoebma 

urTierTSoris sazRvrebis urRvevobis principi damoukidebel 

principad ar aris Camoyalibebuli. misi Sinaarsi Zalis gamouyeneblobis 

principSia gaxsnili: `yoveli saxelmwifo valdebulia 

Tavi Seikavos Zalis, muqaris, an misi gamoyenebisagan 

sxva saxelmwifoTa saerTaSoriso sazRvrebis darRvevis an saerTaSoriso 

davebis, maT Soris teritoriuli an saxelmwifo 

sazRvrebTan dakavSirebulis, gadawyvetis mizniT~. sazRvrebis 

urRvevoba damoukidebeli principis saxiT 1975 wlis helsinkis 

TaTbiris daskvniT aqtSi Camoyalibda. 

saSinao kompetenciaSi Caurevlobis principi mWidrod 

aris dakavSirebuli saxelmwifos mier Tavisi suverenuli uflebebis 

ganxorcielebasTan. 1970 wlis deklaracia saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis principebis Sesaxeb, romliTac unda ixelmZRvanelon 

gaero-s wevrma saxelmwifoebma urTierTSoris adgens, rom 

arcerT saxelmwifos an saxelmwifoTa jgufs ar aqvs ufleba 

pirdapir an arapirdapir, ra mizeziTac ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli, 

Caerios sxva saxelmwifos kompetenciaSi Semaval saqmeeb- 

Si. yvela saxelmwifo damoukideblad gansazRvravs da awarmoebs 

Tavis saSinao politikas. saerTaSoriso samarTali ar axdens 

saxelmwifos saSinao kompetenciis reglamentacias, ramdenadac 

is saxelmwifo suverenitetiTaa ganpirobebuli da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi 

aqtebiT ganisazRvreba. amitom, saSinao saqmeebSi 

Carevad unda CaiTvalos saxelmwifos an saerTaSoriso or- 

1 ix.: gaero-s wesdeba da evropaSi uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis 

TaTbiris 1975 wlis TaTbiris daskvniTi aqti. 

161


ganizaciis nebismieri RonisZieba, romliTac es ukanasknelebi 

cdiloben, xeli SeuSalon qveyanas mis kompetenciaSi Semavali 

saqmeebis gadawyvetaSi. saSinao kompetencias ar ganekuTvneba 

qmedeba, romelic Tavisi arsiTa da mizanmimarTulebiT safrTxes 

uqmnis saerTaSoriso mSvidobasa da uSiSroebas, uxeSad 

arRvevs sayovelTaod aRiarebul saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

normebs. gaero-s wesdebis VII TaviT gaTvaliswinebulia iZulebiTi 

RonisZiebebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas samarTaldamrRvevTa 

winaaRmdeg. 

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTalSi Caurevlobis kriteriumi 

saxelmwifoTa mkacrad gansazRvrul saerTaSoriso 

valdebulebas warmoadgens. gaero-s wesdeba iTvaliswinebs wevr-saxelmwifoTa 

Soris TanamSromlobis ganviTarebas im sferoebSi, 

romlebsac mkveTrad gamoxatuli saSinao xasiaTi aqvs. mag., 

cxovrebis donis amaRlebisaTvis xelSewyoba, mosaxleobis sruli 

dasaqmeba ekonomikuri da socialuri programebis pirobeb- 

Si, adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva. amgvari TanamSromloba 

ar iTvleba saxelmwifos saSinao kompetenciaSi Carevad, 

radgan saxelmwifos nebis safuZvelze xorcieldeba. 

saerTaSoriso cxovrebaSi integraciuli warmonaqmnebisa 

da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis rolis zrdasTan erTad sul 

ufro matulobs im sakiTxTa ricxvi, romlebsac saxelmwifoebi 

nebayoflobiT ìReben~ TavianTi saSinao kompetenciidan da mosawesrigeblad 

am ukanasknelebs gadascemen. qveynis SigniT saxelmwifos 

saSinao da sagareo politikis ganxorcielebis garantad 

konstitucia gvevlineba. swored konstituciiT xdeba 

saxelmwifo politikis ganxorcielebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebisa 

da wesebis reglamentacia. 

marTalia, arcerTi qveynis konstituciaSi ar gvxvdeba saxelmwifo 

politikis miznebisa da amocanebisadmi miZRvnili 

specialuri Tavi, magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom maTSi saer- 

Tod ar arsebobs debulebebi miTiTebul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. 

saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikis miznebi, amocanebi 

da principebi, rogorc wesi, mocemulia ZiriTadi kanonis 

preambulaSi, an calkeul muxlebSia gabneuli, an sulac damoukidebel 

konstituciur kanonebSi. 

162


KETEVAN JINCHARADZE 

THE CONCEPT OF SOVEREIGNTY AND ITS 

UNDERSTANDING OF CONTEMPORARY TREND 

Sovereignty characterized the States as an important subject of the political 

relationship and a key component of the political systems of society. It is 

one of the special and essential hebit of the State. By the sovereignty is possible 

to dissociate State with other different public-legal unions. 

State sovereignty is not absolute. Within the Country it is dependent to 

the human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as public and national sovereignty, 

but on the external relations it is dependent to the sovereignty of other 

States and universally recognized principles to the international law. 

International law and State sovereignty is closely related events. International 

law is important means for the realization for the States sovereignty. 

163

164 


daviT geferiZe, avTandil xazalia 

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo 

organizaciebi 

arasamTavrobo organizacia — moqalaqeTa nebayoflobiTi 

gaerTianeba Seqmnili saerTo interesebisa da miznebis safuZvelze. 

es aris kerZo instituti, damoukidebeli nebismieri 

mTavrobisagan. msoflioSi sul 40.000-mde saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo 

organizaciaa. 

gaero-s generaluri asambleis 1968 wlis 23 maisis 1296 (XIV) 

rezoluciis Tanaxmad saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizacia 

ewodeba yvela im organizacias, romelic ar aris dafuZnebuli 

samTavroboTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT. ekonomikuri da socialuri 

sabWos 1996 wlis 25 ivlisis 1996/31 rezoluciis Tanaxmad, 

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizacias warmoadgens 

nebismieri arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic ar aris dafuZnebuli 

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis safuZvelze da ar 

isaxavs miznad komerciul mogebas. k. koliaris (safrangeTi) mosazrebiT, 

“organizaciebi, romlebic xSirad SemoklebiT arasamTavrobo 

organizaciebad iwodebian, TavianTi bunebiT kerZo 

organizaciebs warmoadgenen. isini aerTianeben kerZo pirebs, 

xandaxan TviT saxelmwifo moxeleebs da sazogadoebriv organizaciebs, 

magram ara saxelmwifoebs~. 1 saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo 

organizaciebis ZiriTadi niSnebia: a) finansuri mogebis 

miznis arqona; b) aRiareba, rogorc minimum, erTi saxelmwifos 

mier da sakonsultacio statusis arseboba saerTaSoriso sam- 

TavroboTaSoriso organizaciebSi; g) fuladi saxsrebis miReba 

erTze meti qveynisagan; d) Tavisi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba, 

rogorc minimum, or qveyanaSi; e) Camoyalibeba damfuZnebeli aqtis 

safuZvelze. saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciis 

wevri ar SeiZleba iyos saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqti. 

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi XIX saukuneSi 

warmoiSva. mokle cnobebi am organizaciebis (ise rogorc sxva 

nebismieri organizaciis) Sesaxeb SesaZlebelia amovikiTxoT 

wignSi “Yearbook of International Organizations”, romelic gamoicema 

briuselSi, saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier 2 . pirveli saerTa- 

Soriso organizaciebi socialur-politikur sferoSi ZiriTadad 

profesiuli, saganmanaTleblo, religiuri da pacifisturi 

1 К. Кольяр. Международные организации и учреждения. Перевод с французского 

З. И. Луковниковой и А. С. Маликова. Под редакцией В. Г. Шкунаева. М., 1972, 

gv. 472 

2 Union of International Associations, – http://www.uia.be/yearbook-international-organizations-online.


xasiaTisa iyo. 

arasamTarobo organizaciebi aqtiur rols TamaSoben Tanamedrove 

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis yvela aspeqtSi. ufro 

metic, mTel rig dargebSi lideroben kidec. kerZod, humanitaruli 

samarTlis saerTaSoriso instituti (Seqmnilia 1970 

wels) did samuSaos asrulebs saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis 

normebisa da principebis SemuSavebisa da gamoyenebis 

TvalsazrisiT. instituti regularulad atarebs seminarebs 

oficerTa mier omis kanonebisa da tradiciebis Seswavlis, devnilTa 

dacvis normebis dauflebis mizniT. 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis asociacia (Seqmnilia 1873 wels) 

koordinacias uwevs gamokvlevebs saerTaSoriso sajaro da saerTaSoriso 

kerZo samarTlis aqtualur problemebze. organizacia 

yuradRebas uTmobs gamokvlevebs koliziuri samarTlisa 

da saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo samarTlis dargebSi. 

sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso asociacia (Seqmnilia 

1924 wels) SeimuSavebs saxelmZRvanelo principebs saerTaSoriso 

sisxlis samarTalSi konvenciebis gamoyenebis mizniT. igi SeimuSavebs 

rekomendaciebs erovnuli kanonmdeblobebis modernizaciisTvis 

da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis, rogorc 

mecnierebis, ganviTarebisTvis, iwvevs konferenciebsa da seminarebs 

am dargSi. 

wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komitetma, romlis moqmedebis 

principebsac warmoadgens humanuroba, miukerZoebloba, neitraliteti, 

damoukidebloba, moxaliseoba, erTianoba da universaluroba, 

didi wvlili Seitana saerTaSoriso humanitaruli 

samarTlis principebis SemuSavebaSi. misi aqtiuri monawileobiT 

SemuSavda Jenevis konvencia (1906w.) moqmed jarebSi daWrilTa 

da avadmyofTa mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb 1 . haagis 

konvencia zRvaze omisas 1949 wlis Jenevis konvenciis principebis 

gamoyenebis Sesaxeb omis msxverplTa dacvis Taobaze. 

mravalricxovan da umZimes amocanaTa Soris, romelsac humanitaruli 

konvenciebi saerTaSoriso wiTeli jvris komitets miakuTvneben, 

gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos yvela im adgilis 

Tavisuflad monaxulebis ufleba, sadac hyavT samxedro tyveebi 

an internirebuli samoqalaqo pirebi, agreTve samxedro tyve- 

Ta centraluri sacnobaro saagentos monaxulebis ufleba, 

tyveTa Sesaxeb informaciis mosapoveblad. III muxli, romelic 

saerToa 1949 wlis 12 agvistos Jenevis oTxi konvenciisaTvis, 

acxadebs: `miukerZoebeli humanitaruli organizacia, iseTi, 

rogoricaa saerTaSoriso wiTeli jvris komiteti, uflebamosilia 

Tavisi daxmareba SesTavazos konfliqtur mxareebs~. warmoadgens 

ra neitralur Suamavals SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebisa 

1 

saqarTveloSi ZalaSia 1994 wlis 14 martidan. 

165

166 


da areulobebis pirobebSi, saerTaSoriso wiTeli jvris komiteti 

Zalisxmevas ar iSurebs saerTaSoriso da samoqalaqo omebis 

msxverplTa dacvisaTvis (ix. XXII Tavi) 1 . 

bevri saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizacia aqtiurad 

TanamSromlobs samTavroboTaSoriso organizaciebTan. 

msgavsi TanamSromlobis ZiriTad formas sakonsultacio statusi 

warmoadgens. yovel samTavroboTaSoriso organizacias 

aqvs sakuTari wesi arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis sakonsultacio 

statusis miniWebis Sesaxeb. aseTi statusis miReba, 

garda imisa, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciis dadebiTi saqmianobis 

aRiarebas gulisxmobs, miuTiTebs arasamTavrobo organizaciebis 

saerTaSoriso avtoritetis zrdaze Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso 

urTierTobebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. 

gaero-s wesdebis 71-e muxlis Tanaxmad, 2 am organizaciis 

ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWo uflebamosilia gaataros Sesabamisi 

RonisZiebebi im arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan konsultaciebisaTvis, 

romlebic dainteresebuli arian mis kompetenciaSi 

Semavali sakiTxebiT. aseTi RonisZiebebi, SesaZloa, Se- 

Tanxmebuli iyos saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan, gaero-s dainteresebul 

wevrebTan konsultaciis Semdeg. 

gaero-sa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis urTierToba 

reglamentirebulia gaero-s ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWos 

rezoluciiT àrasamTavrobo organizaciebTan konsultaciebis 

RonisZiebebi~, romelic miRebulia 1946 wels (Semdgomis- 

Tvis araerTxel gadaisinja). 

sabWosTan sakonsultacio statusi mikuTvnebuli aqvs 

1500-ze met arasamTavrobo organizacias. isini sam kategoriad 

iyofa: pirvel kategorias miekuTvneba organizaciebi, romlebic 

did aspeqtSi sabWos saqmianobas ukavSirdebian; meore kategorias 

moekuTvneba organizaciebi, romlebic konkretul sferoebSi 

gansakuTrebuli gamocdilebiT gamoirCevian; mesame kategorias 

miekuTvneba is uamravi organizacia, romelic exmareba 

sabWos, mis damxmare organoebs da gaero-s sxva organoebs aucileblobis 

SemTxvevaSi. 3 

1 Конвенция (II) об улучшении участи раненых, больных и лиц, потерпевших 

кораблекрушение, из состава вооруженных сил на море. Женева, 12 августа 

1949 года, – http://www.icrc.org/Web/rus/siterus0.nsf/iwpList133/4B3530A96A2EB19- 

9C325710700297558. 

2 Устав Организации Объединеных Наций, – http://www.un.org/ru/documents/charter/chapter1.shtml. 

3 Организация Объединенных Наций. Доклад Генерального секретаря о 

работе Организации Генеральная Ассамблея. Официальные отчеты. 

Шестьдесят первая сессия. Дополнение № 1 (A/61/1*), – www.unescap.org/- 

EDC/Russian/AnnualReports/2001(57).pdf .


ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWos 1996 wlis 25 ivlisis 

1996/31 rezolucia 1 adgens arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis 

sakonsultacio statusis miniWebis Semdeg ZiriTad princips: 

sakonsultacio urTierTobebi myardeba gaero-s wesdebis Sesabamisad 

mis (gaero-s) muSaobaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciis samarTliani, 

dabalansebuli da utyuari CarTvis mizniT. am rezoluciaSi 

Camoyalibebulia sakonsultacio statusis SeCerebisa 

da CamorTmevis procedurebi. im arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, 

romelTac miniWebuli aqvT sakonsultacio statusi, SeuZliaT 

TavianTi warmomadgenlebi miavlinon ekonomikuri da socialuri 

sabWos da misi damxmare organoebis sxdomaze, agreTve warmoadginon 

werilobiTi gancxadebebi, romlebic sabWos muSaobas 

Seexeba. maT SeuZliaT moawyon saerTo interesebis mqone sakiTxebis 

garSemo konsultaciebi gaero-s samdivnosTan. 

gaero-s specializebul dawesebulebebs sakonsultacio 

statusis miniWebis sakuTari wesebi gaaCniaT. 

magaliTad, saerTaSoriso sazRvao organizacia 2 mxolod 

im arasamTavrobo organizaciebs aniWebs sakonsultacio statuss, 

romlebsac mniSvnelovani wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT saer- 

TaSoriso sazRvao organizaciis muSaobaSi. garda amisa, am arasamTavrobo 

organizaciebis miznebi da funqciebi srul harmoniaSi 

unda iyos saerTaSoriso sazRvao organizaciis miznebTan 

da funqciebTan (wesebi 3 , romlebic Seexeba saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo 

organizaciebTan urTierTobas, 1961w.). 

nebismieri arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic msoflio 

jandacvis organizaciasTan 4 TanamSromlobis survils (maT Soris, 

sakonsultacio statusis miniWebis gziT) gamoTqvams, Semdeg 

kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdes: a) saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo 

organizacia dakavebulia im sakiTxebiT, romelic 

Sedis msoflio jandacvis organizaciis kompetenciaSi; b) saer- 

TaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciis miznebi da amocanebi ar 

ewinaaRmdegeba msoflio jandacvis organizaciis miznebsa da 

amocanebs; g) saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizacia aRiarebulia 

rogorc mudmivmoqmedi organizacia; d) saerTaSoriso 

arasamTavrobo organizacias gaaCnia mmarTveli organo da uflebamosilia 

gamovides sakuTari wevrebis saxeliT; e) saerTa- 

1 

Консультативные отношения между Организацией Объединенных Наций и 

неправительственными организациями, – http://www.un.org/russian/dhl/resguide/ecres.htm. 

2 International Maritime Organization, – http://www.imo.org. 

3 § 9. Международные неправительственные организации, – http://adhdportal- 

.com/book_3381_chapter_83_%C2%A7_9._MEZHDUNARODNYE_NEPRAVITELSTV 

ENNYE_ORGANIZA%D0%A1II.html. 

4 

World Helath Organization, – http://www.who.int. 

167

168 


Soriso arasamTavrobo organizacia formalurad warmoadgens 

saerTaSoriso organizacias, Tavisi struqturidan da saqmianobis 

sferodan gamomdinare; v) mas unda hyavdes Tavisi wevrebi; 

romelTac eqnebaT xmis ufleba yvela im sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, 

romelic organizaciis politikasa da saqmianobas Seexeba (wesebi, 

1 romlebic Seexeba saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan 

urTierTobas, 1948 w.). 

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciad, romelTanac 

iuneskos 2 SeuZlia TanamSromloba, iTvleba nebismieri saerTa- 

Soriso organizacia, Tavisi xasiaTidan gamomdinare arasamTavrobo 

miznebiTa da funqciebiT, romelic ar aris dafuZnebuli 

samTavroboTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT. man Semdegi moTxovnebi unda 

daakmayofilos: a) dakavebuli unda iyos iuneskos kompetencia- 

Si Semavali sakiTxebiT; unda hqondes survili da SesaZlebloba 

aqtiurad daexmaros organizacias misi miznebis SesrulebaSi, 

iuneskos wesdebis principebis Sesabamisad; b) gaaerTianos jgufebi 

da calkeuli pirebi, romlebic dainteresebuli arian iuneskos 

saqmianobis erTi an ramdenime sferoTi, hyavdes mudmivi 

wevrebi bevr qveyanaSi, raTa organizacias saSualeba hqondes, 

Tavisi SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare, isaubros rogorc 

msoflios sxvadasxva kulturuli raionebis sruluflebianma 

warmomadgenelma; g) roca saqme Seexeba regionaluri xasiaTis 

organizacias geografiuli an kulturuli TvalTaxedviT, mas 

unda hyavdes sakmaod bevri wevri, raTa SesaZlebloba hqondes, 

Rirseulad warsdges sakuTari raionis saxeliT; d) mas unda 

hyavdes saerTaSoriso safuZvelze Seqmnili mudmivmoqmedi 

xelmZRvaneli organo, saTanadod uflebamosili warmomadgenloba 

da flobdes samuSao aparatsa da im procedurebs, romelic 

mas SesaZleblobas miscems mudmivi kontaqti iqonios sxvadasxva 

qveyanaSi myof Tavis wevrebTan. 

iuneskosa da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis 

urTierToba SeiZleba sami kategoriis mixedviT davaxarisxoT: 

kategoria (sakonsultacio da saTanamSromlo); kategoria 

(informaciuli da sakonsultacio) da kategoria C (ziari informacia). 

arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, romlebic am kategorias 

miekuTvnebian, mkacrad gansazRvruli uflebebi da movaleobebi 

gaaCniaT. 3 

1 § 9. Международные неправительственные организации, – http://adhdportal- 

.com/book_3381_chapter_83_%C2%A7_9._MEZHDUNARODNYE_NEPRAVITELSTV 

ENNYE_ORGANIZA%D0%A1II.html. 

2 UNESCO, – http://www.unesco.org. 

3 ix. iuneskosa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis urTierTobebis amsaxveli 

direqtivebi, 1960w., — http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001556/155- 

615r.pdf.


ufro didi kvlevisas saWiroa gamoyenebul iqnes praqtikosi 

qarTveli specialistebis naSromebi da gamocdileba, saer- 

TaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis praqtika da arsebuli 

mravali dokumenti, saWiroa sxvaTa gamocdilebis gaziareba. 

DAVID GEPERIDZE, AVTANDIL KHAZALIA 

ABOUT THE CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL 

NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 

Under the UN General Assembly 1296 (XIV) resolution 1968, May 23, 

International non-governmental organization named all those organizations that 

are not based on Intergovernmental agreements. Under the 1996 July 25 No 

1996/31 resolution of Economic and Social Council, International NGO is any 

non-governmental organization that has not been created on the basis of international 

treaty and is not aimed at commercial gain. In terms of K. Koliari (France) 

“Organizations that are often abbreviated as non-governmental organizations, 

are private organizations in their essence. They gather persons, sometimes 

even Government Officials and society organizations, but not States”. General 

properties of an international non-governmental organizations, are: a) 

lack of financial benefits; b) recognition, at least one state and the existence of 

consultative status to international intergovernmental organizations; c) received 

funds from more than one country; d) carry out their activities in at least two countries; 

e) Formation on the basis of the Founding Act. Member of the International 

non-governmental organization can not be a subject of international law. 

NGOs play an active role in all aspects of contemporary international relations. 

Moreover, they even are leaders in some fields. 

169

170 

qeTevan qoqraSvili 


samewarmeo kanonmdeblobis reforma 

saqrTveloSi 

saqarTveloSi samewarmeo saqmianobis maregulirebeli 

kanonmdeblobis srulyofa da unificireba qveyanaSi arsebuli 

realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, permanentuli xasiaTisaa. 2003 

wlidan dRemde, reforma ganxorcielda upiratesad samewarmeo 

saqmianobis maregulirebel kanonmdeblobaSi, maT Soris 

mniSvnelovnia `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi Sesuli 

cvlilebebi da damatebebi, romelTa umTavres mizans warmoadgens: 

samewarmeo urTierTobebis mowesrigeba Tanamedrova 

bazrisa da sazogadobis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad; 

samewarmeo urTierTobebis momwesrigebel normaTa 

gonivruli deregulireba; 

sawarmos prtniorTa Tavisufali iniciativisa da 

avtonomiis xarisxis gazrda; 

saqarTveloSi biznesis dawyebis proceduraTa gamartiveba 

da amasTan dakavSrebiT èrTi sarkmlis~ 

principis danergva; 

sawarmoTa marTvis struqturis gamartiveba, menejmentis 

moqniloba, mmarTvel subieqtTa mimarT `Saqrisa 

da maTraxis~ principis amoqmedeba; 

partniorTa saerTo krebis mowvevisa da Catarebis 

SedarebiT gamartivebul procedura; 

sawarmoTa reorganizaciisas partniorTa da mesame 

pirTa interesebis meti daculoba da sxva. 

1. biznesis dawyebis, sawarmos registraciis vadebi da xarjebi 

sxva da sxva qvyanaSi gansxvavebulia. kerZod, saregistracio 

procedurebis raodenoba meryeobs 2-dan (kanada) o21-mde 

(domenikis respubleka); saregistracio vada 2 samuSao dRidan 

(kanada, avstralia) 152 samuSao dRemde (madagaskari); saregistraciod 

gasawevi xarji — 0,5 % mSp-s erT sul mosaxleze (aSS), 

4,6% mSp-mde 1 sul mosaxleze (dominikis respublika). 

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, maqsimalurad gamartivebulia 

biznesis dawyebis procedura. maze isic metyvelebs, rom Business 

Weekly-m saqarTvelos, rogorc biznesisaTvis xelSemwyobi garemos 

mqone qveyanas, saerTaSoriso masStabiT XI adgili mianiWa. 

Cvens qveyanaSi mewarme subieqtTa registracias 2009 

wlis skanonmdeblo cvlilebebis mixedviT axdens saqarTvelos 

iusticiis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmedi


sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri — sajaro reestris erovnuli 

saagento. igi erTdroulad axdens mewarme subieqtTa 

rogorc saxelmwifo, ise sagadasaxado registracias. 2010 

wlis 1 invridan amonawers mewarmeTa da arasamewarmeo iuridiuli 

pirebis reestridan aqvs igive iuridiuli Zala, rac sagadasaxado 

registraciis mowmobas. aseve, gamartivda sadamfuZneblo 

dokumentTa Sedgenisa da wardgenis wesi, daSvebulia 

eleqtronuli xelmowris gamoyeneba, minimumdea dasuli registraciis 

vada. aRniSnuli cxadyofs, rom realurad xorcieldeba 

èrTi sarkmlis principi~ da biznesis dawyeba faqtobrivad 

mxolod mewarmis Tavisufal nebazea damokidebuli da 

misi miRweva SeiZleba dauyovnebliv, yovelgvari biurokratuli 

barierebis gareSe. 

2. mniSvnelovani cvlileba ukavSirdeba partnorTa wilobrivi 

monawileobisa da wilisa da partnioris uflebaTa 

moculobis urTierTgansazRvrisa da Sefardebis sakiTxs. aRniSnuli 

sakiTxis gadawyveta, mTlianad partniorTa SeTanxmebazea 

delegirebuli, kerZod, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos 

kanonis III muxlis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mewarme subieqtTa 

partniorebs Tanabar pirobebSi Tanabari ufleba-movaleobebi 

aqvT, Tu kanoniT an Tavad sawarmos wesdebiT sxva ram 

ar aris dadgenili. daiSva, rom wesdebiT partniorebma, saku- 

Tari Senatanebisagan gansazRvron gansxvavebuli ufleba-movaleobani. 

isini deben SeTanxmebas (igiv wesdeba), romliTac 

wesrigdeba sawarmos saqmianobasTan, aseve partniorTa Sida 

korporaciul urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. 

3. Seicvala sawarmos qonebaSi windaTqmuli Senatanis Sinaarsoblivi 

datvirTvac. kerZod, aRar aris savaldebulo, 

yvela partnioris mier registraciis momentSi windaTqmuli 

Sesatanis Setana, Tundac naxevris odenobiT, rac manamde iyo 

dadgenili kanonmdeblobiT. dRes moqmedi redaqciiT, es sakiTxi 

calsaxad partniorTa gadasawyvetia, amasTan mewarme 

subieqtis dafuZnebisas partniorebi unda SeTanxmdnen wilebis 

ganawilebaze da iqve daTqvan kapitalSi maTi Senatanis 

odenoba. `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-3 muxlis 

Tanaxmad, Senatani SeiZleba iyos materiluri da aramaterialuri 

qoneba, samuSaos Sesruleba an/da momsaxurebis gaweva. 

am ukanasknelTa sawarmos qonebaSi Setana, sruli sakanonmdeblo 

novaciaa, Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom ucxoeTis qveynebis kanonmdeblobaTa 

umravlesoba. amgvari Senatanis ganxorcielebis 

SesaZleblobas didi xania uSvebs. vTvli, rom warmodgenili 

cvlileba seriozuli stimulia ideisa da misi uSualod 

ganxorcielebis potencialis mqone pirTaTvis, romelTac sa- 

Sualeba eZlevaT, biznesis dawyebis momentSi finansuri saxsrebis 

arqonis miuxedavad, moizidon investicia da uproble- 

171

172 


mod daiwyon mewarmeoba. 

4. Cveni qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, 

mniSvnelovani sakanonmdeblo siaxlea sawarmoTa redomicilebis 

SesaZlebloba, rac gulisxmobs ucxo qveynis sawarmos 

regitraciis saqarTveloSi gadmotanas (redomicilebas) 

sawarmos saqmianobis uwyveobis daurRvevlad (`mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ 

saqarTvelos kanonis 5 7 muxli). ucxoeTis qveynebis praqtikis 

analizi cxadyofs, rom redomicilebis saqarTvelos 

teritoriaze daSveba xels Seuwyobs Cveni qveyniT ucxoel mewarmeTa 

dainteresebas, ekonomikis ganviTarebisa da ofSorizaciis 

process. 

5. skanonmdeblo regulireba moixsna samewarmeo warmomadgenlobis 

ganmxorcielebel pirTa mimarT. sxva sityvebiT, 

pirebTan (garda prokuristisa), romlebic axorcieleben sawarmos 

warmomadgenlobas, Tavad sawarmo debs xelSekrulebas 

da kerZo samarTlis zogad principebze dayrdnobiT dgeba mxareTa 

Soris SeTanxmeba, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaze. 

6. mniSvnelovani cvlileba ganicada `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ 

saqarTvelos kanonis XIV muxlma, ris mixedviTac. sakanonmdeblo 

doneze mowesrigda da daixvewa mewarme subieqtTa reorganizaciis 

procesi, gaizarda reorganizaciis reJimSi myofi sawarmos 

kreditorTa, kontragentTa da zogadad mesame pirTa 

interesTa daculobis xarisxi. 

7. mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganxorcielda saaqcio sazogadoebis 

mmarTvel subieqtebTan mimarTebaSi. aRiarebuli 

definiciiT, korporaciuli marTva iseTi sistemaa, romelic 

erTdroulad uzrunvelyofs mewarme subieqtTa xelmZRvanelobasa 

da kontrols. korporaciuli marTvis struqtura anawilebs 

uflebebsa da movaleobebs sawarmos sxvadasxva Semadgenel 

elementebs Soris, rogoricaa partniorTa (aqcionerTa) 

saerTo kreba, direqtori (direqtorati) da sameTvalyureo 

sabWo; amavdroulad adgens wesebsa da procedurebs korporaciul 

sakiTxebze gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. aRniSnulis 

Sedegad is aseve qmnis meqanizms, romliTac ganisazRvreba kompaniis 

strategia, miznebi, maTi miRwevisa da saqmianobaze zedamxedvelobis 

saSualebebi. 

samewarmeo saqmianobis maregulirebeli Tanamedrove kanonmdebloba 

sawarmoTa xelmZRvanelobis problemas arsebul 

ekonomikur moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad ganixilavs. xelmZRvaneloba 

kompetenturi menejmentis gonivrul Seqmnas gulisxmobs, 

rac korporaciuli marTvis gansakuTrebuli, sawarmos 

saqmanobaze pasuxismgebeli rgolia. 

qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebulia marTvis 

or safexuriani sistema (direqtori—sameTvalyureo sabWo),


Tumca bolo periodSi aSkarad SeimCneva kanonmdebelTa mcdeloba, 

gaamartivos saaqcio sazogadoebis marTvis struqtura 

da dauxlovdes anglo-amerikul korporaciul marTvis sistemas. 

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, dadebiTad vafasebT 2008- 

2009 wlebSi `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi ganxorcielebul 

cvlilebebs, ris mixedviTac moxda saaqcio sazogadoebaTa 

marTvis struqturis gamartiveba, gaiolda gadawyvetilebaTa 

miRebis operatiuloba. kerZod, moixsna saaqcio sazogadoebaSi 

nebismier SemTxvevaSi sameTvalyureo sabWos arsebobis 

savaldebuloba da `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 

55-e muxliT dadginda gamonaklisi SemTxveva, kerZod: 

`Tu saaqcio sazogadoeba “fasiani qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb~ 

saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT aris angariSvaldebuli sawarmo, 

romlis fasiani qaRaldebi savaWrod aris daSvebuli fasiani 

qaRaldebis birJaze, an saaqcio sazogadoeba saqarTvelos 

erovnuli bankis mier aris licenzirebuli, an saaqcio sazogadoebis 

aqcionerTa raodenoba aRemateba 100-s, savaldebuloa 

sameTvalyuro sabWos Seqmna. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi sameTvalyuro 

sabWos Seqmna ar aris savaldebulo~. 

8. qarTuli kanonmdeblobis evropul da amerikul sakanonmdeblo 

sivrceSi integrirebis TvalsazrisiT metad mniSvnelovania 

saaqcio sazogadoebebSi aqciaTa savaldebulo satendero 

SeTavazebisa da savaldebulo gamosyidvis institutebis 

sakanonmdeblo donze reglamentireba. 1 

rTulia erT moxsenebaSi moicva yvela is mniSvnelovani 

sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, romelic pozitiurad aisaxa saqar- 

TveloSi biznes garemos Seqmna-ganviTarebaze. amasTan, zogier- 

Tma cvlilebam ukve warmoaCina dadebiTi Zvrebi praqtikaSi, 

zogierT novaciasTan mimarTebaSi nel-nela yalibdeba praqtika, 

maT Soris mniSvnelovania sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis 

ganzogadebac. kanonmdebloba, rogorc cocxali organizmi, 

zogadad unda pasuxobdes konkretuli qveynis sazogadoebriv 

interesebs, samarTlinobis principis dacviT akmayofilebdes 

misi `momxmareblis~ kanonier moTxovnebs, am TvalsazrisiT samewarmeo 

urTierTobaTa maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba permanentulad 

ganaxlebadia da mudmivad iqneba mecnierTa da 

praqtikos iuristTa gansjis sagani. 

1 dawvrilebiT ixileT: q. qoqriSvili. aqciaTa savaldebulo miyidva 

qarTul korporaciul samarTalSi, — Jurn.: ìntelqtuali~. #2, 2006. 

173

KETEVAN KOKRASHVILI 


LAW ON ENTREPRENEURS REFORMS IN GEORGIA 

Various important economic and legal reforms concerning to business environment 

development have been recently implemented in Georgia. Herewith 

were carried out considerable legislative reforms related to the simplification of 

legislative regulations for business registration and enterprise management 

structure as well as generally legislative regulations for business. This article 

represents a brief survey about the benefits of abovementioned reforms and still 

existing problems in practise. 

174


asmaT gugava 

xelovnuri ganayofierebis gziT dabadebul 

bavSvTa samarTlebrivi statusi 

saojaxo kanonmdeblobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovnes princips 

warmoadgens mSoblebisa da Svilebis urTerTganpirobebuloba. 

es gulisxmobs imas, rom rogorc mSoblebs ekisrebaT gansazRvruli 

uflebebi da movaleobebi Svilebis mimarT, ise Svilebs 

ekisrebaT garkveuli ufleba-movaleobebi sakuTari mSoblebis 

mimarT. 

bavSvis dabadeba mniSvnelovani movlenaa meuRleTa cxovrebaSi. 

bavSvis warmomavlobis dadgenis samarTlebrivi safuZvelia: 

a)mSoblebisagan maTi Svilebis dabadeba, aq mniSvneloba 

ara aqvs mSoblebi daqorwinebulebi arian Tu ara; b) sisxliT na- 

Tesaoba. 

bavSvis dabadeba iuridiul faqtad iqceva mxolod mas Semdeg, 

roca moxdeba misi registracia Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoSi-saagentos 

teritoriul samsaxurSi: 

- sisxlis naTesaobis principi, rogorc mSoblebsa da Svilebs 

Soris uflebebisa da movaleobebis warmoSobis safuZveli, 

ganmtkicebulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT 

aseve, 1989w. 20noembris `bavSvTa uflebaTa konvenciis~ VII muxlis 

Tanaxmad, sadac miTiTebulia Semdegi, rom bavSvi registrirebul 

unda iqnes dabadebis Tanave, riTac dasturdeba misi warmoSoba. 

- saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1187-e muxlis Tanaxmad 

bavSvis warmoSoba iuridiul faqtad iqceva aseTi registraciis 

Semdeg, rac, Tavis mxriv, swored bavSvis warmoSobis dadgena 

qmnis obieqtur wanamZRvars bavSvis kanoniT garantirebuli 

uflebebis dacvisa da mis aRzrdasTan dakavSirebuli mSoblebis 

movaloebebis SesrulebisaTvis 

- dedasa da Svils Soris ufleba-movaleobebis warmoSobisaTvis 

sakmarisia maT Soris sisxliT naTesaobis faqti-dedisagan 

bavSvis dabadeba. 

bavSvis dabadeba misi mSoblebisagan bunebrivi gziT yovelTvis 

ar aris SesaZlebeli, rac ganpirobebulia sxvadasxva 

faqtorebiT, subieqturi Tu obieqturi garemoebebiT. xSiria 

SemTxvevebi, roca adgili aqvs wyvilTa fiziologiur SeuTavseblobas, 

avdmyofobas, qalis an mamakacis mxridan uSvilobas, 

sazogadoebaSi arsebuli sqesobrivi cxovrebis dabal dones da 

sxva, rac umetes SemTxvevaSi Sedegia unayofobosa-uSvulobisa. 

amas emateba is rTuli socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi, rac 

xSirad pirdapir kavSirSia Cvil bavSvTa sikvdiloanobasTan, 

175

176 


rac metyvelebs zogadad mosaxleobos janmrTelobis mdgomareobis 

gauaresebaze. 

unayofobis-uSvilobis problema odidganve arseboboda 

da arsebobos dResac, rac xSirad gamxdara ojaxebis dangrevis 

mizezi. evropaSi 1-2 milioni wyvili ganicdis uSvilobas, aSS-Si 

ki — 6-7 milioni wyvili. bunebrivia, maTi survili iyolion saku- 

Tari, biologiuri Svilebi Zalian didia, amitomac xorcieldeba 

Svilad ayvana an xelovnuri ganayofiereba. 

arasaxbielo mdgomareobaa am mxriv postsabWoTa qveynebSi 

da maT Soris saqarTveloSic uSvilobas bevri wyvili ganicdis. 

kanonmdebelma gaTvaliswina ra sazogadoebaSi mimdinare 

rTuli socialuri, ekonomikuri da biologiuri procesebi, 

rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, uSvilobaSic iCens Tavs, Svilad ayvanis 

gziT SesaZlebloba misca wyvilebs ecxovraT, rogorc srulyofil 

ojaxebs da misca saSualeba aseT adamianebs kanonieri gziT 

moaxdinon ojaxis am TvalsazrisiT naklovani mxaris Sevseba. 

Tumca kanoni ar zRudavs srulfasovani ojaxis mflobelT 

TavianTi kanonieri Svilebis gverdiT aRzardon Svilad 

ayvanili bavSvebi. mag. aSS-s sinamdvileSi Svilad ayanis miznebi 

da motivebi Semdegnairia: amerikelebi Svilad imitom iyvanen, 

rom ubralod surT yavdeT Svilebi. isini ufro da ufro rwmundebian 

imaSi, rom bavSvis ayvana ojaxis mSeneblobis xelsayreli 

saSualebaa da reproduqciis mniSvnelovani alternativa. arian 

amerikelebi, romelTac bavSvebi ahyavT uSvilobis gamo, magram 

ufro meti arian isini, visac urCevniaT siTbo da mzrunveloba 

gamoiCinon mSobliur alerss moklebul bavSvebTan mimarTeba- 

Si, vidre iyolion sakuTari Svilebi. 

Svileba mxolod srulyofili ojaxuri garemos Seqmnis sa- 

Sualeba ar aris. igi miznad isaxavs bavSvis aRzrdas ojaxSi, romelic 

mTlianad Seucvlida mas namdvil ojaxs da warmoSobs 

SemdegSi mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs Soris iseT urTierTobebs, 

rogoricaa RviZl mSoblebsa da Svilebs Soris. Svilad ayvana 

ara marto bavSvebis interesebs Seesabameba, aramed mSobliuri 

grZnobebis gamovlenisa da ganxorcielebis saSualebacaa. Tumca 

arian iseTi ojaxebic, romelTaTvisac miuRebelia sxvisi genetikuri 

kodis matarebeli bavSvis yola da surT yavdeT saku- 

Tari biologiuri Svilebi, rac maTTvis udidesi bednierebis 

momtania. 

Tanamedrove pirobebSi samedicino mecnierebisa da teqnologiebis 

ganviTarebis kvalobaze, romelic xorcieldeba qalis 

an kacis sasqeso ujredis donorobiT an ganayofierebuli 

kvercxujredis-embrionis implantaciiT, savsebiT SesaZlebelia 

uSvilo wyvilebs hyavdeT sakuTari bilogiuri Svilebi. 

aseT SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania ganisazRvros am gziT dabadebul 

bavSvTa samarTlebrivi statusi. Tumca am sakiTxze samoqa-


laqo kanonmdebloba arafers gvamcnobs. imedia, kanonmdebeli 

upasuxebs cxovrebis moTxovnebs da Sesabamis cvlilebebs Seitans 

kodeqsis normebSi miTumetes, rom dRes saqarTveloSic 

sakmao warmatetebs aRwevs i. Jordanias saxelobis adamianis 

reproduqciis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, romelTa kedlebSic 

mravali bavSvi ibadeba xelovnuri ganayofierebis gziT. 

saqarTvelos kanoni `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~ romelic 

miRebul iqna 1997w. 10-dekembers, moicavs 2 muxls — 141 da 

143 (Tavi 23) — romelic awesrigebs xelovnur ganayofierebas- 

Tan dakavSirebul aspeqtebs. surogati deda, rogorc ojaxis 

dagegmvis erT-erTi forma daSvebulia, magram, Tu rogor, amaze 

araferia naTqvami, rac seriozul xarvezad unda CaiTvalos. 

xelovnuri ganayofierebis problema samarTlebrivad SedarebiT 

advilad mosagvarebeli iqneboda saqme, rom mxolod 

eqimsa da pacients Soris arsebul urTierTobebs exebodes. aq 

Tavs iCens donoris problema, rac garkveul sirTuleebs qmnis 

aramarto samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, aramed moraluri Tu 

religiuri kuTxiTac. yovelgvari donoroba sisxlis gadasxma, 

organoTa transplantacia da maT Soris xelovnuri ganayofierebac, 

atarebs nebayoflobiT xasiaTs, rac asaxulia yovelTvis 

werilobiT gancxadeba-valdebulebaSi. 

zemoTxsenebuli kanonis `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~ 

mixedviT, xelovnuri ganayofierebis ganxorcielebis ufleba 

ekisreba mxolod saTanado licenziis mqone dawesebulebas, Tu 

mas atarebs Sesabamisi licenziis mqone eqimi (141-e muxli). 

qalisa da mamakacis sasqeso ujredebi — spermatozoidi da 

kvercxujredi warmoadgenen donorobis gansakuTrebul obieqts 

imdenad, ramdenadac maT gadaaqvT memkvidreobiTi masala, 

infomacia, monawileoben adamianis genetikur formirebaSi da 

praqtikulad, mTlianad gansazRvraven mis fizikur da fsiqikur 

xasiaTs. 

xelovnuri ganayofirebiT bavSvis dabadeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes 

ori gziT: pirveli, rodesac bavSvis genetikuri 

mSoblebi Tanaxma arian TavianTi embrioni ataros ucxo sxeulma 

— surogati dedis saxiT. meore, roca qalis kvercxujredis ganayofiereba 

xdeba donori mamakacis sasqeso ujredis spermatozoidis 

meSveobiT. 

donoroba ori saxisaa: pirveli, roca donori qali, romelic 

Tavis organizmSi atarebs sxvisi spermiT ganayofierebul 

sakuTar kvercxureds, dabadebuli bavSvi ekuTvnis dedas. da meore, 

roca bavSvi dabadebis Semdeg ubrundeba spermis donors. 

orive SemTxvevaSi es pirebi iTvlebian bavSvis mSoblebad aqedan 

gamomdinare pasuxismgeblobebiTa da uflebamosilebebiT (143- 

e muxlisaqarTvelos kanoni `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~). 

sainteresoa sakiTxis garkveva imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin arian 

177

178 


surogati dedebi, ra uflebebi da movaleobebi akisriaT maT da 

ra moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes isini, rogoria sakanonmdeblo 

reglamentacia sxvadasxva qveynebSi, rogoria sazogadoebisa 

da eklesiis damokidebuleba am kompleqsur sakiTxeb- 

Tan mimarTebaSi. 

ganvixiloT ramodenime qveynis magaliTi: avstriaSi, germaniaSi, 

norvegiaSi, safrangeTSi, SvedeTsa da aSS-s ramdenime 

StatSi ikrZaleba xelovnuri ganayofierebis es saxe, rogoricaa 

surogati dedoba. 

pirvelad es teqnologia surogati dedis mier bavSvis ga- 

Cena gamoiyenes 1986 wels inglisSi, romlis Sedegad daibada gogona. 

surogatma dedam uari ganacxada bavSvis gadacemaze da inglisSi 

niujersis sasamarTlom bavSvis mamas mianiWa meurveobis 

ufleba, xolo surogat dedas bavSvis aRzrdaSi monawileobis 

ufleba darTo. 

rac Seexeba germaniis kanonmdeblobas, surogati dedoba 

akrZalulia. am sferoSi dadebuli xelSekrulebebi ewinaaRmdegeba 

saerTo moralis principebs da, Sesabamisad, ikrZaleba surogat 

dedasTan dakavSirebuli saSuamavlo da saeqimo saqmianoba, 

romelic ìsjeba embrionis dacvis Sesaxeb da Svilad ayvanis 

Sesaxeb~ kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad. germaniis moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, 

bavSvis dedad aRiarebulia mxolod is qali, romelmac 

gaaCina igi. 

aSS-s ramdenime StatSi nebadarTulia surogacia. virjiniis 

StatSi surogati deda unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs: 

unda iyos gaTxovili da hyavdes Svilebi; surogatis qmari 

unda monawileobdes xelSekrulebis dadebaSi, romelic formdeba 

sasamarTloSi, genetikuri mSoblebi unda iyvnen kanonier 

qorwinebaSi. 

saqarTveloSi pirvelad surogati dedobis instituti dainerga 

1999 wels, i. Jordanias saxelobis kvleviT samecniero 

samedicino kvleviT dawesebulebaSi. xolo dawesebuleba, romelic 

saqarTvelos surogatuli dedebis centris saxelwodebi- 

Taa Seqmnili, funqcionirebs 2004 wlidan, rogorc Sps, romlis 

meSveobiT bevri uSvilo wyvili gabednierda (centris xelmZ- 

Rvaneli Tamar xaWapuriZe). xelSekruleba xelovnuri ganayofierebis 

Sesaxeb ideba centrSi surogat dedasa da embrionis 

mSoblebs Soris. mSoblebis an centris rCeviT surogati deda 

igzavneba Semdeg samedicino klinikaSi, sadac xdeba mTlian procesze 

dakvirveba, gamokvlveva da bavSvis gaCena. 

saerTaSoriso konveciiT àdamianis uflebebisa da biomedicinis 

Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelo SeuerTda 2001 wels. Cvens qveyana- 

Si pirdapir ar aris akrZaluli xelovnuri ganayofiereba, magram 

ikrZaleba adamianis sxeulis nawilebis gamoyeneba finansu-


ri sargeblis miRebis mizniT. 

ra moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes surogati deda saqar- 

TveloSi surogati deda aris qali, romelic uSvilo wyvilis 

nayofs-embrions atarebs mucliT da araviTari genetikuri kav- 

Siri ar aqvs Casaxul embrionTan, igi 9 Tvis ganmavlobaSi xelovnurad 

ganayofierebuli embrionis matarebeli inkubatoria. ma- 

Ti asaki ZiriTadad 20-38-mde ganisazRvreba. 

donoroba gansxvavdeba surogati dedisagan. donori deda 

an mama TviTon aZlevs uSvilo weevils sasqeso ujreds, maSin 

roca surogati deda sxvis ganayofierebul kvercxujreds atarebs. 

Sesabamisad sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi Sedegi dgeba bav- 

Svis mikuTvnebasTan dakavSirebiT. ar SeiZleba surogati deda 

iyos donoric, radgan mas aseT SemTxvevaSi eqneba genetikuri 

kavSiri nayofTan da Tu bavSvi genetikurad misi Svilia gamodis, 

rom igi sakuTar Svils yidis, es ki sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulia. 

surogati deda unda iyos fsiqologiurad da fizikurad 

janmrTeli, unda eweodes jansaRi cxovrebis wess, ar unda etanebodes 

alkohols, narkotikebsa sigarets, ar unda eweodes 

mZime fizikur Sromas, aucilebelia yavdes sakuTari Svilebi da 

meuRle. 

surogati deda bavSvis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi xelSekrulebis 

ZaliT ubrunebs Svils genetikur mSoblebs da ar aqvs bavSvis 

TavisTan datovebis ufleba (saqaerTvelos `kanoni jandacvis 

Sesaxeb” 143-e muxli). surogat dedas bavSvis muclad yolis periodSi 

utardeba konsultaciebi, maragdebian medikamentebiTa 

da kvebis produqtebiT, imyofeba eqimebisa da fsiqologebis 

meTvalyureobis qveS. 

ra grZnobebi eufleba mas bavSvis gadacemis Semdeg da 

aris Tu ara SemTxvevebi roca igi uars ambobs Cvilis gadacemaze 

bavSvTan ganSorebis Semdeg, marTalia yvela normalur adamianSi 

Cndeba sicariele, Tumca maTi fsiqologiuri momzadebisa 

da xelSekrulebis ZaliT, romelic gulisxmobs gansazRvruli 

Tanxis miRebas, SemdegSi maTi damokidebulebac sxvagvari 

xdeba. es aris xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebuleba da surogatma 

dedam mSobiarobis Semdeg Svili unda daubrunos, biologiur 

mSoblebs. 

roca qorwinebaSi myofi pirebi iZlvevian werilobiT Tanxmobas 

xelovnuri ganayofierebis meTodiT an embrionis implantaciiT, 

bavSvis gaCenis Taobaze, bavSvis gaCenis SemTxveva- 

Si ewerebian mis mSoblebad da aZlevT maT uflebas saaqto wignSi 

Caeweron bavSvis mSoblebad dambadebeli surogati dedis 

TanxmobiT, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania. Tu aseTi winaswari SeTanxmeba 

mSoblebisa werilobiTi formiT surogat dedasTan ar arsebobs, 

maSin surogati deda Caiwereba dabadebuli bavSvis dedad. 

179


saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis mixedviT yvelsa 

saojaxo sakiTxi Tu problema wydeba meuRleTa urTierTSe- 

TanxmebiT. xelovnuri ganayofierebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa meuRlis 

werilobiTi Tanxmoba. mniSvnelovania gairkves aseTi 

gziT dabadebuli bavSvis samarTlebrivi statusi, rac kanonmdeblobis 

prerogativas warmoadgens da aisaxos samoqalaqo 

kodeqsSi. Tumca amis Taobaze samoqalaqo kodeqsis normebi arafers 

gvamcnobs. sazRvargareTis qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT xelovnurad 

ganayofirebebis Sedegad dabadebul bavSvebs gaaCniaT 

analogiuri uflebebi da movaleobebi bunebrivi gziT damadebuli 

bavSvebis msgavsad. 

dRes medicina garkveul progresul nabijebs dgams am mimarTulebiT 

da izrdeba xelovnuri ganayofierebis gziT bav- 

SvTa gaCenis msurvelTa ricxvi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise — 

ucxoeTis moqalaqeebis mxridan. 

sazRvargareT maRali fasebisa da sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebis 

gamo, bevri wyvili uSvilobis problemis mogvarebis mizniT 

SedarebiT dabali ganviTarebis qveynebSi midis da, radgan 

saqarTveloSi, kanonmdeblobiT nebadarTulia xelovnuri ganayofiereba, 

bevri ucxoeli wyvili Camodis da axerxebs uSvilobis 

problemis mogvarebas saqarTveloSi. 

swored amitom, dRis wesrigSi dgeba am movlenasTan dakav- 

Sirebuli samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis sakiTxi, radgan samoqalaqo 

kanonmdeblobiT es problema ar aris reglamentirebuli 

da upasuxod rCeba rigi sakiTxebisa: am gziT dabadebul bavSvTa 

samarTlebrivi statusis problema; rogoria maTi uflebebi da 

movaleobebi; rogoria daqorwinebuli meuRlis Tanxmobis gare- 

Se xelovnuri ganayofierebis gziT dabadebuli bavSvis samar- 

Tlebrivi mdgomareoba. Zalze mniSvnelovania aseve konfidecialurobasTan 

dakavSirebuli sakiTxi, romelic exeba imas, 

bavSvma unda icodes Tu ara Tavisi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. rusi 

mecnieris n. maleinas azriT, aq mniSvnelovania ara saidumloebis 

Senaxvis movaleobis dakisreba mSoblebisTvis, aramed saidumloebis 

Senaxvis uflebis miniWeba. 1 mniSvnelovania, samoqalaqo 

kodeqsSi gaices pasuxi yvela am kiTxvaze da Setanil iqnas 

damatebebi. 

Cven vfiqrobT, rom igi nawilobriv unda ikrZalebodes, 

rogorc zogierT evropul qveyanaSi da ar unda iqces profesiad 

— fulis Sovnis saSualebad. igi unda iyos saqvelmoqmedo da 

unda daexmaros uSvilo ojaxebs, romelTac surT hyavdeT saku- 

Tari Svili, magram ara fulis gadaxdiTa da sxva adamianebis 

mosyidviT. 

1 

Н. М. Малейна. Человек и медицина в современном праве. М., 1996. 

180


ASMAT GUGAVA 

THE LEGAL STATUS OF CHILDREN BORN THROUGH 

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION 

In this article discussed the problem of legal status of children born 

through artificial insemination. In article used Georgian and foreign scientific 

literature and legislation. This problem is not regulate in Georgian Civil Code. 

In Georgia accordingly to December 10, 1997 Health Protection Law artificial 

insemination is permitted and successfully realize in Jordania Human Reproduction 

Scientific-Research Institute. Accordingly to statistic in Georgia 

there are many cases when children born through artificial insemination. The 

author think that this problem should be regulate in Georgia Civil Code. For 

this problem improvement are necessary to make appropriate amendments in 

Georgian Civil Legislation. 

181


Tamar zarandia, Tea juReli 

sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba da 

gausxviseblobis piroba 

qarTuli da franguli samarTlis mixedviT 

I. Sesavali; 

II. sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba; 

1. sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba qarTul da frangul 

samarTalSi; 

a) zogadad uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb; 

b) uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb qarTul samar- 

TalSi; 

g) uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb frangul samar- 

TalSi; 

d) qarTuli da franguli sasamarTlo praqtika uflebis 

borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb; 

2. sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba Tu sakuTrebis 

dacva 

III. gausxviseblobis piroba; 

1. gausxviseblobis piroba qarTul da frangul samarTalSi; 

a) zogadad gausxviseblobis pirobis Sesaxeb; 

b) sasamarTlo praqtika gausxviseblobis pirobis Sesaxeb; 

2. gausxviseblobis pirobis namdviloba; 

3. gausxviseblobis pirobis darRvevis Sedegebi; 

IV. daskvna. 

Sesavali 

sakuTrebis cnebam ganviTarebis grZeli gza ganvlo. sakuTrebasTan 

dakavSirebuli dava jer kidev antikur xanaSi 

iRebs saTaves. platonidan dawyebuli igi kacobriobis azris 

ganviTarebis istoriaSi erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan warmoadgenda. 

sakuTrebas ganixilavdnen rogorc adamianis Sromis 

Sedegs (jon loki), rogorc adamianis molodinis produqts (ieremia 

bentami), rogorc kapitalizmis ganviTarebisa da klasTa 

Soris konfliqtis pirvelwyaros (karl marqsi). 1 

azrovnebis istoriaSi sakuTrebis Sefaseba sruliad araerTgvarovania, 

mas aigiveben xan keTildReobasTan da TavisuflebasTan, 

xan kidev zneobriv dacemasTan, socialur usamar- 

TlobasTan da omTan. 2 XIX saukuneSi sakuTrebis gagebas safuZ- 

1 Barlow Burke, Joseph Snoe. Property. Aspen publishers, 2004, gv. 3. 

2 

r. paipsi. sakuTreba da Tavisufleba. Tb., 2004, gv. 21. 

182


vlad edo liberaluri koncefcia, rac gulisxmobda sakuTrebas, 

rogorc absolutur da SeuzRudav kategorias. 

Tumca, Tuki odesme sakuTrebis ufleba àbsoluturi~ yofila, 

dRes igi aseTi aRar aris. mesakuTris `suvereniteti~ Zalian 

pirobiTia. miwis sakuTrebas dRes kidev ufro mzardi ekonomikuri 

da socialuri funqcia gaaCnia da igi, SeiZleba iTqvas 

gadaiqca ufleba — funqciad. 1 

Tanamedrove sakuTreba, metad ki, miwis sakuTreba imden 

valdebulebas axvevs Tavs mesakuTres, ramdensac, SeiZleba, zog 

SemTxvevaSi upiratesobebsac ki ar aniWebs mas. 2 Tumca, frangul 

samarTalSi miRebuli da safrangeTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 544— 

e muxliT ganmtkicebuli cnobili formula — sakuTrebis ufleba 

aniWebs mesakuTres maqsimum prerogativebs, romelic ki 

SeiZleba adamians hqondes qonebaze — mainc inarCunebs Tavis Rirebulebas. 

am uflebas uflebaTa Soris umaRlesi rangi uWiravs, 

misi `fundamenturi xasiaTis~ da misi `konstituciuri Rirebulebis~ 

gamo. 3 marTlac, sakuTrebis uflebis dacva SeuZlebeli 

iqneboda konstituciuri garantiebis gareSe. 4 

Tanamedrove samarTalSi sakuTreba aris fizikuri piris 

iseTi ganuyofeli Tvisebebis Sedegi, rogoric aris Tavisufleba 

da Tavisufali neba, romelic yvelas kuTvnilebaa da ufro 

metic, swored es sayovelTaoba aris samarTlis sferoSi civilizaciis 

umniSvnelovanesi monapovari. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio 

sasamarTlos erT-erT gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze `moqalaqeebi 

zaur elaSvili, suliko maSia, rusudan gogia da sxvebi 

saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg~: àdamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa 

da Tavisuflebebis, gansakuTrebiT ki, sakuTrebis uflebis 

ignorireba gamoricxavs Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis 

1 

amasTan dakavSirebiT ix.: l. Wanturia. uZravi nivTebis sakuTreba. 

Tb. 1994, gv. 52-53; b. zoiZe. sanivTo uflebis socialuri funqcia, — 

Jurn.: àdamiani da konstitucia~. #2, 1997, gv. 25-30. 

2 

miwaze sakuTrebis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT ix.: l. izoria. sadisertacio 

naSomi: miwaze, wiaRiseulsa da bunebriv resursebze sakuTrebis 

uflebis dacva, SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi analizi germanuli da qar- 

Tuli samarTlis mixedviT, Göttingen 11.01.2002, gamomcemloba: `bona 

kauza”. 

3 safrangeTis sakonstitucio sabWo, 1982w. 16 ianvari: JCP G 1982, II 

19788; D. 1983, gv. 169; 1989w. 4 ivlisi: D. 1990, gv. 209. sakuTrebis uflebasTan 

dakavSirebiT aseve ixileT: 1) Catala, Arshives phil.dr., T. 43. 1966, gv. 

61; 2) Raynard Mousseron. Revet Melanges Colomer. Litec, 1993, gv. 281. 

4 p. turava. winaTqma l. izorias sadisertacio naSomze, — ix.: l. izoria. 

miwaze, wiaRiseulsa da bunebriv resursebze sakuTrebis uflebis 

dacva, SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi analizi germanuli da qarTuli samarTlis 

mixedviT, gv. 7. 

183

184 


ganviTarebas, mTlianad sazogadoebisa da mis calkeul wevrTa 

Rirseuli cxovrebis uzrunvelyofas da politikur, ekonomikur 

Tu socialur stabilurobas. demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi 

da socialuri saxelmwifos ekonomikuri siZliere swored sakuTrebis 

uflebis pativiscemasa da dacvas eyrdnoba~. 1 saerTa- 

Soriso samarTalSi igi aRiarebuli iqna adamianis privilegirebuli 

rangis uflebad. 

da mainc, sakuTrebis SezRudva dRes ukve Cveulebrivi 

movlenaa samarTalSi da samarTali icnobs am uflebis sajaro-- 

samarTlebriv da kerZo-samarTlebriv SezRudvebs. 

winamdebare naSromis mizania uflebis borotad gamoyenebisa 

da gausxviseblobis pirobis SedarebiT - samarTlebrivi gamokvleva 

qarTuli da franguli samarTlis magaliTebze. 

II. sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba 

1. sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba qarTul da 

frangul samarTalSi. 

a) zogadad sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis 

Sesaxeb: uiSviaTesi gamonaklisebis garda subieqturi uflebebi 

ar aris TviTneburi. marTalia isini gamiznulia individualuri 

interesebis dasakmayofileblad, magram mainc ar aniWeben maT 

mflobels SeuzRudav prerogativebs. sakuTrebis absolutur 

xasiaTsa da mis SezRudvebze bevri iTqva. sakuTreba, rogorc 

aRiniSna Tavisi sruli, absoluturi xasiaTis gamo gansakuTrebuli 

uflebaa, Tumca es sulac ar niSnavs imas rom sakuTrebis 

uflebis gamoyenebas ar axlavs Tan raime saxis SezRudvebi da 

misi matarebeli mxolod Tavisi ineteresebidan gamomdinare SeiZleba 

moqmedebdes. 2 amitomac sainteresoa, rodis aqvs adgili 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebas mesakuTris mxridan sakuTrebis 

Tavisufleba SemosazRvrulia mxolod im farglebiT, romelsac 

mas uwesebs kanoni. 

b) uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb qarTul samar- 

TalSi; saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mniSvnelovani danawesia 

sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis dauSvebloba. 

170-e muxlis II nawilis Tanaxmad ùflebis borotad gamoyenebad 

CaiTvleba sakuTrebiT iseTi sargebloba, romliTac mxolod 

sxvebs adgebaT ziani ise, rom ar aris gamokveTili mesakuTris 

1 

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba 2/1-370, 

382, 390, 402, 404; 18.05.2007. 

2 sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb ixileT: Marcel 

Planiol. Abus de droit. Traité élémentaire de droit civil. T. 2. 11e éd. LGDJ, 1931, gv. 

747-755; Robert-Joseph Pothier. La propriété. Oeuvres de Pothier. Par M. Bugnet. 

T. 9, 1846, gv 102-108; Louis Josserand. De l'Esprit des droits et de leur relativité. 

Théorie dite de l'abus des droits. 2e ed. 1939, gv. 3-7.


interesis upiratesoba, da misi moqmedebis aucilebloba gaumarTlebelia~. 

amavdroulad, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 

ar Semoifargleba am erTi muxliT da zogadi normiT krZalavs 

sazogadod uflebis borotad gamoyenebas. ssk 115-e muxlis Tanaxmad: 

`samoqalaqo ufleba unda ganxorcieldes marTlzomierad. 

dauSvebelia uflebis gamoyeneba martooden im mizniT, rom 

ziani miadges sxvas”. sainteresoa aseve samoqalaqo kodeqsis me- 

VIII muxlis III nawilis danawesi: `samarTlebrivi urTierTobis 

monawileni valdebulni arian keTilsindisierad ganaxorcielon 

TavianTi uflebebi da movaleobebi~. amdenad, sakuTrebis 

Tavisufleba SemosazRvrulia im farglebiT, rasac mas kanoni 

udgens da qarTul samarTalSi es aris zemoTmoyvanili 170-e 

muxliT dadgenili farglebi. 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebis sakiTxi aqtualuria sakorporacio 

samarTalSic, zog SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs aqciiT mini- 

Webuli uflebis `borotad gamoyenebas~. 1 

g) uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb frangul samarTalSi; 

franguli samoqalaqo kodeqsi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo 

kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT ar iZleva uflebis borotad gamoyenebis 

cnebas. 2 Code Civil-s cnobili 544-e muxlis Tanaxmad `sakuTreba 

aris sagnebis yvelaze absoluturi saxiT sargeblobisa 

da gankargvis ufleba, mxolod kanoniT an reglamentebis akrZaluli 

formebis gamoyenebis gareSe~. miuxedavad amisa, frangul 

iurisprudenciaSi uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb 

sakmaod bevri naSromia. calke ganixileba sakuTrebis uflebis 

borotad gamoyeneba (abus de droit propriete) da uflebis borotad 

gamoyeneba arasaxelSekrulebo valdebulebebSi. 3 

1 i. burduli. qonebrivi urTierTobani saaqcio sazogadoebaSi. Tb., 

2008, gv. 205. 

2 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT: CA Caen 21 

févr. 2002: L'éternelle distinction entre abus du droit de propriété et troubles anormaux 

du voisinage, D. 2002. somm. 2512, obs. Nadège Reboul-Maupin; CA Grenoble, 1re ch. 

civ., 30 juin 1998: Empiétement et abus de droit, D. 2000. 472, note Marie-Christine 

Lebreton; Cass. 3e civ. 7 juin 1990, 7 nov. 1990: La défense du droit de propriété contre 

un empiétement ne saurait dégénérer en abus, RTD civ. 1991. 562, note Frédéric Zénati; 

Req. 3 août 1915 : Propriété, caractère absolu, abus de droit, GAJC 12e éd. #67. 

3 safrangeTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 559-e, 581-e, 628-e da 1382-e muxlebis 

komentarebSi saubaria Sesabamisi muxlebiT dadgenili uflebiT 

sargeblobis farglebze. im SemTxvevaSi Tu adgili eqneba am uflebebiT 

sargeblobis gadametebas sxvaTa sazianod, dadgeba samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi 

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi; swored es ukanaskneli 

akavSirebs am muxlebs erTmaneTTan sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, deliqtebs, 

kvazi-deliqtebs da uflebis borotad gamoyenebas aerTianebs 

Sedegi — samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. arasaxelSe- 

185

186 


d) qarTuli da franguli sasamarTlo praqtika sakuTrebis 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, 

rom Code Civil ar icnobs uflebis borotad gamoyenebis legalur 

definicias, frangulma sasamarTlom erT-erT Zalian saintereso 

saqmeze swored 544-e muxlis darRvevidan, sakuTrebis 

uflebis wesebisa da Tavisi miwis nakvTis SemoRobvis uflebis 

darRvevidan, maTi yalbad gamoyenebidan gamomdinare daadgina, 

rom konkretul SemTxvevaSi saxeze iyo uflebis borotad gamoyeneba. 

saqmis garemoebani iyo Semdegi: Jiul kokerelma SeiZina 

daaxloebiT 170 metris sigrZis da 10-dan 12 metramde siganis 

miwis nakveTi, mdebare troli-breis teritoriaze adolf kleman-baiaris 

mier agebuli diriJablebis angaris pirdapir misgan 

daaxloebiT 90 metris daSorebiT. kokerelma, romelic uTanxmoebaSi 

iyo kleman-baiarTan, Tavisi sakuTrebis sazRvarze da 

kleman-baiaris angaris karis pirdapir aago daaxloebiT 15 metris 

sigrZisa da 10-dan 11 metramde simaRlis xis ori karkasi, 

Tavze damagrebuli 2-dan 3 metramde simaRlis da erTmaneTisgan 

ramdenime metriT daSorebuli rkinis oTxi sariT. xis es 

karkasebi ar iyo arc gadaxuruli da arc dafaruli. es konstruqciebi, 

sigrZiv 25-30 metramde manZilze, erTmaneTisgan 

ramdenime metriani intervalis daSorebiT, iyo ganlagebuli. 

Zlieri qaris dros, kleman baieris diriJablebis manevrireba 

gafrenisa da dabrunebis dros amis gamo Zalian iyo garTulebulida 

ufro metic, aman gamoiwvia misi erT-erTi diriJablis dazianeba. 

kokereli Tavisi qmedebebis gasamarTleblad amtkicebda, 

rom is am samuSaoebis CatarebiT ecada kleman-baiaris dainteresebis 

gazrdas, misi survili iyo kleman baiers Seesyida misi 

miwis nakveTi ufro maRal fasad. swored es iyo misi, rogorc mesakuTris 

interesi; is uaryofda, rom amgvar qmedebas ar SeeZlo 

misTvis raime sargeblis motana da misi azriT, sargebeli mxolod 

imaSi mdgomareobda, rom am moqmedebebiT Sewuxebuli kleman 

baieri mas gadauxdida miwis nakveTSi misTvis sasurvel fass. 

amdenad, safrangeTis sakasacio sasamarTlos mouwia imis 

mtkiceba, rom mesakuTre borotad sargeblobs Tavisi uflebiT 

iqidan moyolebuli, rodesac igi mas iyenebs erTaderTi ganzraxviT 

ziani miayenos sxvas. am SemTxvevaSi ki — miwis nakveTze 

iseTi konstruqciis aRmarTva, romelsac misi mflobelisTvis 

araviTari sargebeli ar moaqvs da garda sxvisTvis zianis miyenebisa, 

sxva mizani arc gaaCnia, warmoadgens sakuTrebis uflebiT 

borotad gamoyenebis klasikur magaliTs. 

unda iTqvas, rom sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyenekrulebo 

valdebulebebSi uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb ix.: 

Marcel Planiol. Abus de droit. Traité élémentaire de droit civil, gv. 312-313.


bis TeoriaSi aris Sefasebis obieqturi kriteriumebic. mniSvnelovania, 

rom mesakuTris moqmedeba moklebuli unda iyos yovelgvar 

sargebels Tavad mesakuTrisaTvis da saziano iyos 

sxvisTvis. aqedan ki marTlac upirobod gamomdinareobs zianis 

miyenebis ganzraxva. magram TviT mesakuTrisaTvis sargeblobianobis 

uqonlobis cnebam SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari ganmarteba 

gamoiwvios. saqmeze — kokereli kleman-baiaris winaaRmdeg, sasamarTlom 

CaTvala, rom mesakuTris mier aRmarTul konstruqciebs 

ar mohqondaT misTvis àraviTari sargebeli~ maSin, roca Tavad 

mesakuTre varaudobda am saSualebiT Tavisi miwis nakveTSi 

ufro maRali safasuri mieRo anu, erTi SexedviT, sargeblianoba 

arsebobda. magram mxolod es ar aris sakmarisi, mxolod sargeblianobis 

faqti am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxs ver wyvets, radgan sasamarTlos 

ganmartebiT es sargebeli ar iyo àRiarebadi~, radgan 

misi ganmapirobebeli interesi ar iyo seriozuli da kanonieri. 

frangul samarTalSi aman warmoSva kidec mosazreba uflebis 

normaluri daniSnulebis Sesaxeb. 1 

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTul sasamarTlo praqtikaSic 

vxvdebiT miTiTebas zianis mimyeneblis kanonier interesze. samagaliTod 

SegviZlia moviyvanoT saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 

2007 wlis 1 martis ganCineba #as—572-955-06, romel- 

Sic aRniSnulia, rom: saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 115-e 

muxlis Tanaxmad, `samoqalaqo ufleba unda ganxorcieldes mar- 

Tlzomierad. dauSvebelia uflebis gamoyeneba im mizniT, rom 

ziani miadges sxvas~. aRniSnuli muxlidan gamomdinare, uflebis 

borotad gamoyenebis ZiriTad princips warmoadgens is, rom samoqalaqo 

samarTlis erTi subieqtis mier uflebis ganxorcielebam 

ar unda xelyos meore subieqtis uflebebi da kanonieri 

interesebi. samoqalaqo uflebaTa gamoyeneba unda xdebodes ke- 

Tilsindisierad. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi dauSveblad 

miiCnevs uflebis gamoyenebas im mizniT, rom uflebis gamoyenebiT 

sxvas miadges ziani. am SemTxvevaSi gamokveTili unda iyos 

zianis mimyeneblis kanonieri interesi da uflebis gamoyeneba 

miznad ar unda isaxavdes sxvisTvis mxolod zianis miyenebas. 2 

franguli sasamarTlo praqtika icnobs iseT gadawyveetilebebsac, 

sadac zianis miyenebis ganzraxvis mtkicebuleba 

TviTon uflebis borotad gamoyenebis faqtis gareT moipoveba, 

1 ix.: Francois Terre, Philippe Simler. Droit Civil. Les biens. 6-e edition. Dalloz, 

2002, 307,313; H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts de la jurisprudence 

civile. T. 1. Introduction. Personnes-Famille-Biens-Régimes matrimoniaux-Successions. 

11e édition. Editions Dalloz, 2000, gv. 325. 

2 

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis 

saqmeTa palata, #as-572-955-06. Tb., 01.03.2007, —http://practice.supremecourt.ge/Text.aspSSID=420701734&JID=1268. 

187


im uTanxmoebebSi, romlebic manamde arsebobda or mezobels Soris14. 

1 aseTi iyo SemTxveva, rodesac mezoblebs Soris garkveul 

sakiTxze uTanxmoebis Semdeg, erT-erTi mezobeli meoris 

saxlis win aSenebs kedels, mkafio mizeziT — daufaros meore mezobels 

xedi. es mSenebloba ar iyo sargebliani misTvis da nakarnaxevi 

iyo boroti ganzraxviT, 2 amitomac mieca uflebis borotad 

gamoyenebis kvalifikacia. 

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis 

Teoria erTgvarad enaTesaveba samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobas. 

sxvaTa Soris, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi 

ZiriTadad gaTvaliswinebulia Code Civile-s 

1382-e muxli. 3 

magram aq saxeze ar gvaqvs am muxlis `wminda~ gamoyeneba. 

uflebis borotad gamoyeneba aris gansakuTrebuli bunebis 

mqone qmedeba da mxolod maSin, rodesac borotad gamoyeneba 

Tavisi sakuTari kriteriumebiT dadgindeba, SeiZleba dadges 

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. Tu saxeze ar aris uflebis borotad 

gamoyeneba, zianis anazRaurebis sakiTxi saerTod ar ganixileba. 

Tanamedrove samarTalSi sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis 

Teorias `konkurencias uwevs~ samezoblo zemoqmedebebis 

Teoria. mezobel mesakuTreTa Soris wamoWrili problemebis 

gadasawyvetad, Tanamedrove iurisprudencia da sasamarTlo 

praqtika iZleva samezoblo zemoqmedebebis Teoriis gamoyenebis 

SesaZleblobasac. 4 

2. sakuTrebis uflebis borotad gamoyeneba Tu sakuTrebis 

dacva 

sainteresoa kidev erTi pozicia uflebis borotad gamoyenebasTan 

dakavSirebiT, romelic gamoiTqva safrangeTis sakasacio 

sasamarTlos mier saqmeze elo lekler morles winaaRmdeg. 5 

batonebi elo da lekler morle ruanSi mdebare da erTma- 

1 Civ. 1964w. 20 ianvari, D. 1964. 518, JCP 1965. II. 14035, RTD, civ. 1972. 

395. ix.: Droit Civil: Etude de cas. Les biens. Annexe, — http://www.carlscoaching.- 

com/article-28702370.html. 

2 

Gatien contre époux Tatopoulos, N71-13-473, — http://www.carlscoaching.com/article-28702370.html. 

3 

safrangeTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1382-e muxlSi vkiTxulobT: `piris 

yovelgvari qmedeba, romelic zians ayenebs sxvas avaldebulebs, im 

pirs visi braliTac ziani dadga aanazRauros miyenebuli zarali~. anu 

es muxli samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs im pirebs, romelTa 

gamoc sxvebs ziani miadgaT, — Code Civill. Dalloz, 2008, gv. 1505. 

4 #71-13-473, Gatien contre époux Tatopoulos: kedlis ageba mezoblebis sacxovreblisTvis 

xedis dafarvis, sinaTlis da misasvlelis moklebis 

mizniT, — http://www.carlscoaching.com/article-28702370.html. 

5 

H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts de la jurisprudence.., gv. 334. 

188


neTisgan saerTo kedliT gayofili ori momijnave saxlis mesakuTreebi 

iyvnen. batonma lekler morlem daangria saerTo kedeli 

da aRmarTa axali Senoba. batonma elom mSeneblobis dasawyisSive 

gaafrTxila igi Seewyvita es samuSaoebi imis gamo, 

rom igi gadadioda misi miwis nakveTze. am gafrTxilebis miuxedavad 

lekler morlem ganagrZo da daamTavra es konstruqciebi. 

batonma elom lekler morles ruanis sasamarTloSi uCivla 

da mosTxova axali nagebobis dangreva da moryeuli Senobis gamagreba. 

misi azriT aSenebuli konstruqciis demontaJs alternativa 

ar hqonda da igi amas kategoriulad iTxovda. man aseve 

moiTxova zianis anazRaurebis saxiT 3 000 frankis gadaxda. 

rogorc davinaxeT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi elos neba, uciloblad 

mieRwia aSenebuli konstruqciis dangrevisTvis, seriozulad 

sazianoa lekrer morlesaTvis da SeiZleba umniSvnelod 

sasargeblo Tavad elosaTvis. amdenad, aseTi moTxovna Tavidanve 

iwvevs arakeTilsindisierebis eWvs. rodesac mesakuTre 

iTxovs aSenebuli konstruqciis demontaJs, imis miuxedavad, 

rom misi interesi, SeiZleba ekonomikuri gagebiT gacilebiT 

naklebmniSvnelovania vidre konstruqciis amgebi piris interesi, 

xom ar aris am SemTxvevaSic saxeze uflebis borotad gamoyeneba 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebis Sefaseba msgavsi SemTxvevebisaTvis 

zogjer kidec miucia safrangeTis sasamarTlos, magram 

Tu am gadawyvetilebas xandaxan iRebdnen qvemdgomi sasamar- 

Tlos mosamarTleebi, mas sistematurad uaryofda sakasacio 

sasamarTlo. sakasacio sasamarTlos pozicia aRniSnul sakiTxze 

aseTia: safrangeTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 545-e muxlidan gamomdinare 

`sakuTrebis uflebis dacva miTvisebis winaaRmdeg ar 

SeiZleboda gadagvardes uflebis borotad gamoyenebad~. 1 sxva 

sityvebiT, Tu sakuTrebis uflebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba gadaizardos 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebaSi, misi (sakuTrebis) SenarCuneba 

ar SeiZleba borotad gamoyenebad dakvalificirdes. 

II. gausxviseblobis piroba 

1. gausxviseblobis piroba qarTul da frangul samar- 

TalSi. 

a) zogadad gausxviseblobis pirobis Sesaxeb. 

kerZo samarTlis safuZveli kerZo avtonomiaa. es ukanaskneli 

gamoixateba TiToeuli piris TavisuflebaSi, sakuTari 

nebiT moawesrigos Tavisi kerZosamarTlebrivi urTierTobebi 

anu `kerZo samarTali iZleva Tavisuflebas TviT misi brunvis 

monawileebma gansazRvron da gadainawilon erTmaneTSi ufle- 

1 

H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts.., gv. 324-325. 

189

190 


ba-movaleobani~. 1 

xelSekrulebis Tavisufleba kerZo samarTlis mTavari 

cnebaa, rac niSnavs, rom mxarem Tavisi nebiT gadawyvitos, unda 

Tu ara mas xelSekrulebis dadeba, visTan, rasTan dakavSirebiT 

da ra pirobebiT, aseve rodis unda Sesruldes xelSekruleba anda 

Seicvalos igi. “swored saxelSekrulebo TavisuflebaSi 

vlindeba pirovneba rogorc qonebrivi uflebebis matarebeli 

subieqti. 2 

amavdroulad sainteresoa, SesaZlebelia Tu ara vifiqroT, 

rom saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis fuZemdebluri principi 

gulisxmobs imas, rom mxareebs SeuZliaT xelSekrulebiTac 

gaiTvaliswinon sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudva gausxviseblobis 

pirobiT da iqneba Tu ara igi yovelTvis namdvili 

b) kanonmdebloba da sasamarTlo praqtika gausxviseblobis 

pirobis Sesaxeb. 

sakuTrebasTan mimarTebiT interess moklebuli ar aris 

gausxviseblobis pirobis sakiTxi. frangul samarTalSi es sakiTxi 

sadavo gaxda saqmeze: kremio reniarisa da sxvebis winaaRmdeg. 

saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebani iyo Semdegi: batonma de sent-kolombma 

Tavis sam Svils gauyo da aCuqa mTeli Tavisi qoneba. 

Tumca Cuqebis xelSekrulebaSi Cado piroba, rom mCuqebeli 

itovebda uzufruqtis uflebas da rom Svilebs ar SeeZloT mamis 

sicocxleSi, Tundac misi TanxmobiT, gaesxvisebinaT an daegiravebinaT 

maTTvis naCuqari qoneba. Semdeg Tavad sent kolombma 

isesxa batoni reniarisgan Tanxa 100 000 frankis odenobiT 

da daagirava mis mier gaCuqebuli uZravi qonebis uzufruqti. 

saCuqris mimRebi Svilebi, CaerTvnen am aqtSi da mamasTan erTad 

Tavis scnes solidarul movaleebad, daagiraves ra sakuTrebis 

ufleba am uZrav qonebaze. sent-kolombis gardacvalebis Semdeg 

batonma kremiom asesxa 12 000 franki saCuqris erT-erT mim- 

Reb qalbaton de ponss, romelmac am sesxis sagarantiod daagirava 

misTvis naCuqari erT-erTi saxli. mas Semdeg, rac saxlebi 

gasayidad iqna gatanili. kreditori kremio Seedava kreditori 

reniaris rigiTobas valebis ganawilebaSi im motiviT, rom am 

ukanasknelis girao baTili iyo, radgan sent-kolombis mier Tavisi 

SvilebisaTvis naCuqrobis aqtSi Setanili iyo gasxvisebisa 

da dagiravebis akrZalvis piroba. 

CvenTvis es SemTxveva sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadac 

damokidebuleba gausxviseblobis pirobisadmi qarTuli kanon- 

1 T. juReli. valdebulebis cnebis evolucia kerZo da sajaro samar- 

TalSi, — Jurn.: àdamiani da konstitucia~. 3, 2005, gv. 86. 

2 b. zoiZe. evropuli kerZo samarTlis recepcia saqarTveloSi. Tb., 

2005, gv. 269.


mdebloba pirdapir ar iZleva. ra aris gausxviseblobis piroba 

SeuZlia Tu ara mCuqebels gaaCuqos qoneba im pirobiT, rom arasodes 

ar moxdeba misi gasxviseba rodis da ra garemoebebis arsebobisas 

aris gausxviseblobis piroba namdvili 

gausxviseblobis piroba seriozulad zRudavs sakuTrebas, 

radgan igi aris gankargvis uflebamosilebis SezRudva. 

qarTuli samoqalaqo kodeqsi icnobs aseTi SezRudvis ramdenime 

formas. gamosyidva — rodesac mxareebi SeiZleba SeTanxmdnen, 

rom SeTanxmebuli vadis ganmavlobaSi gamyidvels SeuZlia 

kvlav gamoisyidos gayiduli nivTi. amavdroulad kodeqsi Seicavs 

imperatiul moTxovnas gamosyidvis uflebis vadis xandazmulobasTan 

dakavSirebiT, kerZod, gamosyidvis vada ar unda 

aRemateodes 5 wels. 1 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 513-e 

muxlis Tanaxmad Tu myidvelma gamosyidvis uflebis ganxorcielebamde 

gaasxvisa nivTi, aseTi gasxviseba baTilia. amdenad gamosyidvis 

normebSi aSkarad aris axali mesakuTris gankargviTi 

uflebamosilebebis SezRudva 5 wliani vadiT. 

sxva SemTxveva, romelic aseve iZleva mesakuTris gankargviTi 

uflebamosilebebis SezRudvas, gaxlavT samisdReSio 

rCenis xelSekruleba. aq qarTuli samoqalaqo kodeqsi specialurad 

iTvaliswinebs gadacemuli qonebis gasxvisebis dauSveblobis 

muxls 2 da ambobs: sarCenis sicocxleSi marCenals ufleba 

ara aqvs gaasxvisos, daagiravos an sxvagvarad datvirTos gadacemuli 

qoneba sarCenis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe. aqac 

gvaqvs gankargvis uflebamosilebis SezRudva, Tumca aq kanonmdeblobiT 

dadgenilia ganusazRvreli vada, pirovnebis sicocxle. 

3 

zemoTmoyvanili magaliTebi gaxlavT mesakuTris gankargviTi 

uflebamosilebebis sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi. SesaZlebelia 

Tu ara vifiqroT, rom saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis 

fuZemdebluri principi gulisxmobs imas, rom mxareebs SeuZliaT 

xelSekrulebiTac gaiTvaliswinon aseTi SezRudvebi da iqneba 

Tu ara gausxviseblobis aseTi piroba namdvili aRniSnul sakiTxs 

azrTa sxvadasxvaoba safrangeTis sasamarTloebSic mohyva 

da ramdenime erTimeoris sawinaaRmdego gadawyvetileba iqna 

miRebuli. kerZod, lionis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT: ìmis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom napoleonis kodeqsis 537-e da 544-e muxlebi 

gansazRvraven sakuTrebas, rogorc sagnebiT sargeblobis 

da maTi gankargvis yvelaze absolutur uflebas; imis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

rom Cuqebis aqtis piroba amaxinjebs sakuTrebis 

1 

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi. muxli 514. 

2 

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi. muxli 9. 

3 T. zarandia. saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgili da 

vadebi. Tb., 2005, gv. 38-39. 

191

192 


uflebis erT-erT elements, romelic misi Semadgeneli nawilia; 

- rom marTlac sakuTrebis Tavisufali gankargva mTlianad moispoboda, 

saCuqris mimRebebs rom ar SeeZloT gaurkveveli 

drois manZilze maTTvis naCuqari qonebis arc gasxviseba da arc 

dagiraveba... rasac Sedegad moyveboda is, rom qoneba, romelic 

amgvar SeTanxmebas iyo daqvemdebarebuli miiRebda komerciidan 

amoRebuli, gamouyenebeli qonebis statuss, gamoakldeboda 

brunvasa da kredits, iqneboda ,,gaSeSebul“ mdgomareobaSi, 

romlebic gasxvisebas ar eqvemdebareba... rac iqneboda socialuri 

ekonomikisa da sazogadoebrivi wesrigis xelyofa, rac 

qonebis Tavisufal gamoyenebas, - sakuTrebis uflebis organul 

princips arsebiTiad miznad aqvs..“ 1 

sakasacio sasamarTlos verdiqti aseTi iyo: `sasamarTlo... 

imis gamo, rom sakuTreba aris sagnebis yvelaze ufro absoluturi 

saxiT gamoyenebisa da gankargvis ufleba, mxolod Tu mas 

ar gamoiyeneben kanonebiT an reglamentebiT akrZaluli saxiT; - 

rom arcerTi kanoni ar ukrZalavs ojaxis mamas, romelic Cuqnis 

Tavis qonebas Tavis Svilebs, daitovos misi uzufruqti, da an 

Tavisi, rogorc uzufruqtuaris interesiT, an dabrunebis uflebis 

ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad, romelic SeiZleba 

erT dRes mas miekuTvnos, Tavs moaxvios Svilebs piroba, ar gaasxvison 

an ar daagiraon naCuqari qoneba mis sicocxleSi; — rom 

es droebiTi akrZalva, Tavs moxveuli mCuqebeli mamis interes- 

Si, ar SeiZleba gaigivebuli iyos gasxvisebis absolutur da ganusazRvrel 

akrZalvasTan, romelsac Sedegad mohyveboda qonebis 

didi xniT brunvidan amoReba~. 2 

2. gausxviseblobis pirobis kanoniereba. 

maS rodis aris namdvili gausxviseblobis piroba safrangeTis 

sakasacio sasamarTlos zemoTmoyvanilma dadgenilebam 

garkveulwilad moaxdina am sakiTxTn dakavSirebiT adre gamoTqmuli 

mosazrebebis unificireba imis damtkicebiT, rom gausxviseblobis 

piroba kanonieri Zalis mqone iyo mxolod maSin, Tu 

igi `droebiTi~ xasiaTis iyo da CarTuli iyo `mCuqeblis interesisaTvis~. 

maSasadame, gausxviseblobis piroba samudamo ar unda 

iyos, radgan maSin sakuTrebis reJimi mZimed iqneboda damaxinjebuli. 

franguli samarTliT asevea gausxviseblobis akrZalvis 

SemTxvevaSic, romelic mesakuTris mTeli sicocxlis man- 

Zilze gagrZeldeboda. 3 samagierod, sakasacio sasamarTlom gadawyvita, 

rom gausxviseblobis debuleba, (kontraqtSi) Setani- 

1 H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts de la jurisprudence.., gv. 342. 

2 H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts de la jurisprudence.., gv. 343. 

3 sxvadasxva saxis da maT Soris mboWavi pirobebis Sesaxeb ixileT 

safrangeTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 900-e muxlis komentari, — Code Civil, 

gv. 1028.


li ganmkarguleblis an mesame piris interesiT beneficiaris 

mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi droebiT xasiaTs iZens. 1 

rac Seexeba legitimuri interesis moTxovnas, frangul 

samarTalSi mas farTo gagebiT gamoiyeneben. legitimuri interesi 

saxezea, rodesac gvaqvs ganmkargvelis interesi, romelsac 

surs Tavisi gamosyidvis uflebis gamoyenebis garantireba 2 an 

kidev uzrunvelyofs qonebis Tavis ojaxSi SenarCunebas. 3 gausxviseblobis 

piroba xelSekrulebaSi SeiZleba mesame piris interesebSic 

Caidos, magaliTad anderZiT datovebuli qoneba gamocxaddes 

argasxvisebadad legataris xelSi, raTa uzrunvelyos 

samudamo rentis miReba. frangul samarTalSi, Tu aseTi pirobis 

kanoniereba gaxdeba sadao, vis interesSic aris es piroba, 

swored mas mouwevs seriozuli da legitimuri interesis arsebobis 

dadastureba. 4 aRniSnuli ewinaaRmdegeba zogad princips, 

mtkicebis tvirTi aris im pirze, romelic iTxovs garigebis ba- 

Tilobas. Cveulebriv, swored mosarCele aris valdebuli daamtkicos 

im samarTlebrivi defeqtis arseboba, romelzec igi 

afuZnebs Tavis moTxovnas. am SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis tvirTis gadatana 

gamarTlebulia gausxviseblobis pirobis „anormaluri 

xasiaTiT~, romelic qonebiT Tavisufali sargeblobis princips 

arRvevs. 5 

da bolos, unda iTqvas, rom safrangeTSi aRniSnul gadawyvetilebebs 

gausxviseblobis pirobasTan dakavSirebiT sakanonmdeblo 

cvlilebebic mohyva. franguli samoqalaqo kodeqsis 

Tavdapirveli redaqcia Seicavda mxolod erT muxls, es 

iyo me-900 muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac: `cocxlebs Soris nebismieri 

gankargva... CaiTvleba baTilad, Tu daTqmulia Seusrulebeli 

piroba an iseT pirobebi, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba kanonsa da 

keTil znes~. 1971 wlis 3 ivlisis kanoniT safrangeTis samoqalaqo 

kodeqsSi Sevida axali muxli: 900-1, romelic adgens, rom gausxviseblobebis 

pirobebi, romlebic exeba naCuqar an anderZiT 

micemul qonebas, ZalaSia mxolod Tu isini droebiTia da gamar- 

1 


2 ix. amasTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebani: Civ. 

1954 w. 27 ivl., Bull. Civ. I, #37; Civ. I, 1994 w. 15 ivnisi, #211; R., gv. 280; D. 

1995. 342, note Leborgne; Defrénois 1995. 51, note X. Savatier; D.1995. Somm. 50, 

obs. Grimaldi; JCP 1995. I. 3876, #8, obs. Le Guidec; RTD Civ. 1995. 666, obs. 

Patarin; ibid. 919,obs. Zenati. 

3 Civ. I, 1985w. 20 noemb., ix.: — H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts 

de la jurisprudence.., gv. 344. 

4 Civ. I, 1994w. 15 ivnisi, ix.: — H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts 


5 Civ. I, 1994w. 15 ivnisi, ix.: — H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts 


193


Tlebulia seriozuli da legitimuri interesiT. 1 

3. gausxviseblobis pirobis darRvevis Sedegebi. 

sainteresoa, rogoria sanqciebi gausxviseblobis pirobis 

darRvevisaTvis 

Tu gausxviseblobis piroba Cadebulia Cuqebis xelSekrulebaSi 

da mCuqebels surs, rom nivTi dasaCuqrebulis xelSi 

darCes (ris gamoc daadgina aRniSnuli piroba), frangulma sasamarTlo 

praqtikam daadgina, rom mxolod im pirs aqvs ufleba 

moiTxovos nivTis gasxvisebis baTiloba, vis sasargeblodac iyo 

Cadebuli Cuqebis aqtSi gausxviseblobis piroba, exeba es mCuqebels, 

saCuqris mimRebs an mesame pirs. rodesac Cuqebis xelSekrulebaSi 

pirobad Setanili gausxviseblobis piroba, miznad 

isaxavs sicocxlis bolomde rentis gadaxdis garantirebas, ba- 

Tiloba ar SeiZleba iqnes moTxovili, vidre ar amoiwureba im 

uflebebis vada, romelnic am urTierTobis iuridiuli sayrdenia. 

amdenad, mCuqeblis mier ganxorcielebuli moqmedeba mis sicocxleSi 

ar SeiZleba misi memkvidreebis mier iyos uaryofili. 2 

safrangeTis samoqalaqo kodeqsSi 1971 wlis 3 ivlisis kanoniT 

ganxorcielebuli cvlileba ar Seicavs gausxviseblobis 

pirobis SedegebTan dakavSirebul araviTar debulebas. ris safuZvelze 

SeiZleba iqnes moTxovili baTiloba aris mosazreba, 

rom es aris safrangeTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1143-e muxli, 

romlis Tanaxmadac kreditors aqvs ufleba moiTxovos, rom is, 

rac ganxorcielda valdebulebis darRveviT, ganadgurebul iqnas, 

da mas SeuZlia miiRos Tanxmoba gaanadguros es movalis 

xarjiT, zianis anazRaurebasTan erTad, Tu amisaTvis arsebobs 

samarTlebrivi safuZveli. arsebobs sawinaaRmdego mosazrebac, 

radgan 1143-e muxli `materialuri dangrevis, ganadgurebis~ 

uflebas iZleva da ara baTilobisas. 3 amdenad, albaT ufro damajerebelia 

imaze saubari, rom aq saxezea nivTis amoReba samoqalaqo 

brunvidan. gausxviseblobis piroba emsgavseba `nivTobriv 

datvirTvas~, romelic saxlis/uZravi qonebis gamoyenebas 

SeuZlebels xdis. 

da bolo sakiTxi, romelic gausxviseblobis pirobas exeba, 

es aris gausxviseblobis pirobis sawinaaRmdegod ganxorcielebuli 

gasxvisebisas SemZenis dacvis sakiTxi. am SemTxvevaSi sanqciis 

moqmedebis sazRvrebis dadgenisas mniSvnelovania SemZe- 

1 

Code Civil, gv. 1029. 

2 Req. 1893w. 27 noemberi, DP 94. 1. 566: Req. 1923w. 16 ianvari, DP 1923. 1. 

177, — H. Capitant, F. Terré, Y. Lequette. Les grands arrêts de la jurisprudence.., gv. 

345. 

3 Léo Saignat. De la clause portent defense d’aliéner. Bordeaux, 1896, gv. 128, — ix.: 


194


nis subieqturi damokidebulebani. eWvs gareSea, rom SemZeni SeiZleba 

dazaraldes, Tuki igi arakeTilsindisieria, anu Tu man 

icoda gausxviseblobis datvirTvis Sesaxeb, romelic miRebul 

qonebas ekisreboda. am SemTxvevaSi igi gausxviseblobis pirobis 

damrRvevi piris Tanamzraxveli gamodis da frangul samarTal- 

Si 1382-e muxliT daekisreba anazRaureba. 1 Seqmnil situaciaSi 

miyenebuli zianis yvelaze adekvaturi gamosworeba iqneba Sem- 

Zenis iZuleba, daabrunos qoneba. magram rogor unda gadawydes 

dava, Tu SemZeni keTilsindisieria rodesac saqme moZrav qonebas 

exeba, franguli samarTali, iseve rogorc qarTuli 2 icnobs 

moZrav nivTebTan dakavSirebiT sakuTrebis prezumfcias. `moZrav 

nivTebTan mimarTebiT mflobeloba tolfasia uflebadamdgeni 

dokumentisa~. 3 amdenad keTilsidisieri SemZeni safrange- 

Tis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 2279-e muxliT iqneba daculi. Tu saqme 

uZrav qonebas exeba, aqti (gayidva, Cuqeba, anderZi), romelic Seicavs 

gausxviseblobis pirobas, eqvemdebareba sajaro registracias. 

4 

IV. daskvna 

amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tuki rodesme sakuTreba iyo 

SeuzRudavi ufleba, dRes igi aseTi namdvilad ar aris. sakuTrebis 

uflebis SezRudvebi atareben kerZosamarTlebriv an sajarosamarTlebriv 

xasiaTs. Tavis mxriv kerZosamarTlebrivi 

SezRudvebi SeiZleba iyos kanonismieri da saxelSekrulebo. 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebis dauSveblobas icnobs TiTqmis 

yvela Tanamedrove kodifikacia da mas farTod mimarTaven sasamarTloebi 

samezoblo davebis gadawyvetisas. marTalia, uflebis 

borotad gamoyenebis sakanonmdeblo definicia safrange- 

Tis samoqalaqo kodeqsSi ar aris, magram frangul iurisprudencias 

ar gasWirvebia konkretul SemTxvevaSi daedgina uflebis 

borotad gamoyeneba da eTqva, rom: mesakuTre borotad sargeblobs 

Tavisi uflebiT iqidan moyolebuli, rodesac igi mas 

iyenebs erTaderTi ganzraxviT, ziani miayenos sxvas. qarTuli 

samarTali icnobs uflebis borotad gamoyenebis cnebas da sasamarTlo 

praqtikaSic mas aqvs gamoyeneba. amasTanave franguli 

doqtriniT mniSvnelovania, rom mesakuTris moqmedeba moklebuli 

unda iyos yovelgvar sargebels Tavad mesakuTrisaTvis da 

saziano iyos sxvisTvis. Tumca TviT mesakuTrisaTvis sargeblo- 

1 piris nebismieri moqmedeba, romelic zians ayenebs sxvas, avaldebulebs 

mas, visi braliTac moxda zianis miyeneba, mis anazRaurebas. 

2 

ssk 158-e muxlis Tanaxmad moZravi nivTebis SemTxvevaSi `nivTis 

mflobeli ivaraudeba mis mesakuTred~. 

3 Code Civil, gv. 2261. 

4 

Code Civil, gv. 2261. 

195


bianobis uqonlobis cnebam SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari ganmarteba 

gamoiwvios. sargebeli, romelzec miuTiTebs mesakuTre unda 

iyos àRiarebadi~, xolo misi ganmapirobebeli interesi unda 

iyos seriozuli da kanonieri. sainteresoa, rom qarTuli sasamarTlo 

praqtikac aseve iSveliebs kanonieri interesis cnebas. 

amavdroulad, Tu sakuTrebis uflebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba gadaizardos 

uflebis borotad gamoyenebaSi, sakuTrebis Senar- 

Cuneba ar SeiZleba dakvalificirdes uflebis borotad gamoyenebad, 

rogorc es Cvens mier ganxiluli magaliTidanac Cans. 

sakuTrebasTan mimarTebiT sainteresoa gausxviseblobis 

pirobis sakiTxi, romelzec qarTul doqtrinaSi araferi Tqmula. 

SeiZleba Tu ara sakuTrebis ufleba SeizRudos Tavis erT - 

erT elementSi — gankargvaSi aseTi SezRudvis ramdenime Sem- 

Txvevas icnobs qarTuli kanonmdebloba. magram Tu gausxviseblobis 

piroba ar aris gamarTlebuli araviTari interesiT da 

aris mudmivi — iqneba Tu ara is namdvili frangul samarTalSi 

gausxviseblobis piroba kanonieri Zalis mqonea mxolod 

maSin, Tu igi “droebiTi” xasiaTisaa da gamarTlebulia kanonieri 

interesiT. Cveni azriT, swored ase unda ganimartos igi qar- 

Tul samarTalSic, radgan Tu davuSvebdiT, rom gausxviseblobis 

piroba SeiZleba iyos mudmivi, rasakvirvelia es Zalian daamaxinjebda 

sakuTrebis reJims. 

196


TAMAR ZARANDIA, TEA JUGHELI 

ABUSE OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND TERMS OF 

NON-ALIENATION ACCORDING TO 

GEORGIAN AND FRENCH LAWS 

The authors in their work analyze abuse of property rights and terms of 

non-alienation according to Georgian and French laws. Courts widely refer to 

the inadmissibility of abuse of rights. The article analyses the notion of abuse of 

rights, criteria that can determine abuse of rights, it also analyses French as well 

Georgian judicial practice concerning with abuse of rights. It should be noted 

that French Civil Code does not recognize legislative definition of abuse of property 

rights but in spite of this, French law did not find it difficult to determine 

the abuse of rights in specific case and to note that owner abuses rights from the 

period when he/she uses it only on purpose to harm someone. It is quite interesting 

that French judicial practice as well as Georgian one addresses the concept 

of legitimate (acknowledged) interest. At the same time if the use of property 

rights can develop into abuse of rights retaining property cannot be qualified as 

abuse of rights. 

With respect to property terms of non-alienation is a very interesting issue 

that has never been discussed in Georgian theory. Is it possible to limit property 

rights in one of its elements, namely, in property disposal The article discusses 

the cases of terms of non-alienation in Georgian legislation – by the example 

of redemption and permanent alimony. 

Finally the authors conclude that similar to French Law it shall be proper 

if the terms of non-alienation in an agreement is considered valid only when it is 

provisional and is justified by the legitimate interest. In the authors’ opinion if 

we assume that terms of non-alienation can be permanent this will distort property 

regulations. 

197

198 

sofio gvaramia 


sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis subieqtebis 

statusis koncefciis sakiTxi saqarTvelos 

kanonmdeblobaSi 

saqarTveloSi moqmedi saavtoro kanonmdeblobisaTvis 

ucnobia sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis cneba, sagamomcemlo 

xelSekrulebis subieqtTa statusi. arsebuli xarvezi Tanamedrove 

etapze seriozul problemas qmnis, radganac saqarTvelo- 

Si izrdeba gamomcemlobaTa da avtorTa ricxvi, rac safuZveli 

unda gaxdes beWduri wignis warmatebuli momavlis, qarTvel avtorTa 

da gamomcemelTa saerTaSoriso wignis bazarze adgilis 

damkvidrebisaTvis. 

sagamomcemlo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli praqtika moiTxovs 

kanonmdeblobaSi aRniSnuli sakiTxebis dawvrilebiT asaxvas, 

amitomac es problema aqtualuria maTi gadaWra ki SesaZlebelia 

mocemul sferoSi Teoriisa da praqtikis sakiTxebis kompleqsuri 

midgomiT. naSromis mizania: saqarTveloSi saTanado sakanonmdeblo 

bazis SeqmnisaTvis xelSewyoba da samarTlebrivi 

kuTxiT sagamomcemlo saqmis erTiani koncefciis SemuSaveba. 

sagamomcemlo saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebis monawile- 

Ta Semadgenloba sakmaod farToa. sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis 

subieqtebad, erTis mxriv, gvevlineba avtori an misi samar- 

Talmemkvidre da, meores mxriv, gamomcemloba. nawarmoebis avtori 

SeiZleba iyos nebismieri fizikuri piri, sqesis, asakis, moqalaqobis 

da qmedunarianobis mdgomareobis miuxedavad, romlis 

inteleqtualuri SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis Sedegadac Seiqmna 

nawarmoebi. 

nawarmoebze saavtoro ufleba warmoiSoba misi Seqmnis momentidan, 

rodesac igi gamoxatulia raime obieqturi formiT da 

SesaZlebelia misi aRqma. mniSvneloba ar aqvs nawarmoebi dasrulebulia, 

gamoqveynebulia Tu ara, is, misi avkargianobis miuxedavad, 

saavtoro samarTliT dacvadia. msoflios umravles saxelmwifoTa 

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, àvtori - aris fizikuri 

piri, romlis inteleqtualuri SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis Sedegadac 

Seiqmna nawarmoebi~. 1 avtorebad gvevlinebian, agreTve, 

mcirewlovnebi da arasrulwlovnebi. mcirewlovanTa saxeliT 

sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebas deben maTi `kanonieri warmomad- 

1 s. gvaramia. TanaavtorTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba saqarTvelos 

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, — soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi. 

humanitarul da socialur-politikur mecnierebaTa seria. t. V, 

Tb., 2008, gv. 776.


genlebi~. 1 rac Seexeba arasrulwlovnebs 16-dan 18 wlamde, maT 

SeuZliaT kanonieri warmomadgenlis nebarTviT damoukideblad 

dadon sagamomcemlo xelSekruleba. 

nawarmoebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas ara erTi aramed ramdenime avtoris 

(TanaavtorTa) erToblivi inteleqtualuri-SemoqmedebiTi 

Sromis Sedegad. 2 

`saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos 

kanonis XI muxlis Tanaxmad, `saavtoro ufleba nawarmoebze, romelic 

erToblivi inteleqtualur-SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis 

Sedegad Seqmna orma an metma pirma (Tanaavtoroba), erToblivad 

ekuTvnis Tanaavtorebs, imis miuxedavad, es nawarmoebi warmoadgens 

erT ganuyofel mTlianobas, Tu Sedgeba nawilebisagan, romelTagan 

TiToeuls damoukidebeli mniSvneloba aqvs~. 3 aqedan 

gamomdinare, sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis mxared gamodis yvela 

Tanaavtori. magram sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebas yvela Tanaavtoris 

saxeliT SeiZleba xeli moaweros erT-erTma avtorma. 

`saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 

XI muxlis Tanaxmad, `TanaavtorTa urTierToba ganisazRvreba 

maT Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebiT~. 4 

sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebaSi meore mxare SeiZleba iyos 

gamomcemloba, specializebuli organizacia an sawarmoo, romelsac 

aqvs SesaZlebloba moamzados da gamosces nawarmoebi. 

gamomcemeli SeiZleba iyos rogorc fizikuri, ise — iuridiuli 

piri. gamomcemeli SeiZleba iyos, agreTve, avtoric, Tumca, mizanSewonilia 

saqmianobis gadanawileba: `pirs yovelTvis ar SeuZlia 

gaaerTianos SemoqmedebiTi unari da materialuri saxsrebi 

yvela im samuSaosaTvis rac aucilebelia nawarmoebis gamosacemad~. 

5 

sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis subieqti SeiZleba iyos avtoris 

qonebrivi uflebebis koleqtiur safuZvelze marTveli 

oganizacia. `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb“ saqar- 

Tvelos kanonSi ar aris zustad gamokveTili avtoris qonebrivi 

uflebebis koleqtiur safuZvelze marTveli organizaciis 

statusi. amave kanonis X Tavis analizidan SeiZleba gamovyoT is 

1 mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, mzrunvelebi. 

2 s. gvaramia. TanaavtorTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba saqarTvelos 

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, gv. 777. 

3 `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, 

muxli 11, I nawili. 

4 `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, 

muxli 11, I nawili. 

5 П. Д. Калмыков. О литературной собственности вобще и в особенности об истории 

прав сочинителей в Россий, — Журнал Министерства Народнаго Просвещения. 

№10, 11, 1851, gv. 99. 

199

200 


niSnebi, romelic am organizaciisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebelia. 


organizacia: 

iqmneba arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piris organizaciul-samarTlebrivi 

formiT; 

ufleba ar aqvs ganaxorcielos samewarmeo saqmianoba; 

iqmneba nebayoflobiT, uSualod saavtoro da momijnave 

uflebebis mflobelis mier; 

maT saqmianobaze ar vrceldeba antimonopoliuri kanonmdeblobiT 

gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebi; 

organizaciis saqmianobaze xelmZRvanelobas anxorcieleben 

saavtoro da momijnave uflebaTa mfobelebi, 

romelTa qonebriv uflebebsac marTavs es organizacia; 

Tavis saqmianobas anxorcielebs sajaroobisa da gam- 

Wvirvalobis principebis dacviT; 

mosargebleebTan aTanxmebs honoraris odenobas da 

licenziis sxva pirobebs; 

saqmianobas anxorcielebs saavtoro da momijnave uflebaTa 

im mflobelis interesebis Sesabamisad, romlebsac 

es organizacia warmoadgens. 


organizacia warmoadgens avtorTa arakomerciul warmomadgenels 

xelSekrulebaTa dadebis, honoraris Segrovebis, ganawilebis 

da gadaxdis sakiTxebSi. 

saqarTveloSi qonebrivi uflebebis koleqtiur safuZvelze 

marTveli organizaciis saqmianoba araefeqturia imdenad, 

ramdenadac saTanado meqanizmebis uqonlobis gamo ver axorcielebs 

avtorTa qonebrivi uflebebis saTanadod dacvas. saWiroa 

am organizaciis srulyofa. 

`saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos 

kanonis 37-e (`gansakuTrebul licenzia~), 38-e (`Cveulebrivi 

licenzia~ da me-40 (`salicenzio xelSekruleba~) muxlebi zogadi 

xasiaTisaa da eTmoba saavtoro samarTlis sferoSi mxolod 

salicenzio sakiTxebs. miTiTebul muxlebs saerTo ar aqvs sagamomcemlo 

xelSekrulebasTan da, Sesabamisad, arc sagamomcemlo 

xelSekrulebis subieqtebTan. maT zogadi xasiaTis mniSvnelobasa 

da arsebuli xarvezis mowesrigebas xazs usvams d. ZamukaSvili. 

1 aRsaniSnavia `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesa- 

1 d. ZamukaSvili, r. Sengelia, d. gabunia, v. xrustali, s. jorbenaZe. 

`saavtoro da momijnave uflebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis komentarebi. 

Tb., 2003, gv. 193.


xeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis XVIII muxlis II punqtis à~ qvepunqti, 

`reproducirebis ufleba~, romelic zogadi xasiaTisaa da, Sesabamisad, 

ar gansazRvravs sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis subieqtTa 

statuss. 

d. lifSicis azriT, `sagamomcemlo xelSekruleba aris 

xelSekruleba, romliTac literaturis, mecnierebis da xelovnebis 

nawarmoebis avtori (an misi samarTalmemkvidre) aZlevs nebarTvas 

fizikur an iuridiul pirs (gamomcemels), romelic 

valdebulia ganaxorcielos kvlavwarmoeba, gansazRvros egzemplarTa 

ricxvi, uzrunvelyos maTi reklama, sakuTari xarjiT 

da riskis fasad gaavrcelos da gayidos farTo mkiTxvelze~. 1 

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis subieqtebad 

gvevlineba, erTis mxriv, avtori, misi samarTalmemkvidre 

da, meores mxriv, specializebuli sawarmoo gamomcemloba. 

sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebas da xelSekrulebis subieqt- 

Ta ufleba-movaleobebs mniSvnelovan adgils uTmobs sazRvargareTis 

qveynebis kanonmdebloba, kerZod, SvedeTis kanonmdeblobis 

Sesabamisad, avtors ufleba aqvs gamomcemels gadasces 

Tavisi nawarmoebis gamoqeynebis/gamocemis ufleba beWdvis 

an/da msgavsi procesebis gamoyenebis uflebiT. amasTan erTad 

SvedeTis kanonmdebloba mniSvnelovan adgils uTmobs sagamomcemlo 

xelSekrulebis subieqtTa ufleba-movaleobebs. 2 

italiis kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, gamomcemeli uflebamosilia, 

nawarmoebis dabeWdvis uflebiT, gamocema da gaavrceleba 

ganaxorcielos mxolod avtoris TanxmobiT. kanonmdeblobiT 

gansazRvrulia, sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis dadebis wesi 

da pirobebi, sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis subieqtTa uflebamovaleobani. 

3 

safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, sagamomcemlo 

xelSekruleba aris gamomcemlisaTvis, garkveuli pirobebiT, 

nawarmoebis dabeWdvis uflebis gadacema an mesame pirTaTvis nawarmoebis 

egzemplarebis garkveuli raodenobis damzadebis davaleba 

misi gamocemisa da gavrcelebis uzrunvelyofis pirobiT. 

sagamomcemlo xelSekruleba unda daidos werilobiTi 

formiT. aseve kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulia sagamomcemlo 

1 D. Lipszyc. Droit d ’ auteur et droits voisins. Paris, UNESKO, 1997, gv. 246. 

2 Chapter 4: “Duration of Copyright”, – Act on Copyright in Literary and Artistic Works 

(Act 1960: 729, of December 30, 1960, as amended up to April 1, 2000). ix. eleqtronuli 

versia: http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/en/se/se052en.pdf. 

3 Part VIII: “General, Transitional And Final Provisions”, – Law No. 633 of April 22, 

1941: Protection of Copyright and Rights Related to its Exercise (as last amended by 

Legislative Decree No. 95 of February 2, 2001). ix. eleqtronuli versia: 

http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jspfile_id=128287. 

201

202 


xelSekrulebis subieqtTa ufleba-movaleobani. 1 

espaneTis kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, avtori an misi samar- 

Talmemkvidreebi saavtoro xelSekrulebis safuZvelze gadascemen 

gamomcemels kvlavwarmoebis uflebas qonebrivi kompensaciis 

da saavtoro uflebis obieqtis gavrcelebis sanacvlod. 

gamomcemeli valdebulia. xelSekrulebis pirobis Sesabamisad. 

sakuTari xarjebiT da riskis fasad Seasrulos movaleoba. 2 

aseve, sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis cnebaSi subieqtTa 

statusze da subieqtTa ufleba-movaleobebze yuradRebas amaxvilebs 

luqsenburgis, 3 belgiis, 4 bosnia-hercogovinas 5 kanonmdebloba. 

sagamomcemlo saqmianoba postsocialistur qveynebSi mowesrigebulia 

specialuri kanonmdeblobiT, kerZod: ukrainaSi, 6 

yazaxeTSi, 7 tajikeTSi, 8 moldaveTSi 9 `sagamomcemlo saqmis Sesaxeb~kanoniT. 

sxvadasaxva samarTlebrivi sistemis qveynebis gamocdilebis 

da praqtikiuli aucileblobidan gamomdinare, marTebulia: 

1 

Section 1: Contrat d’édition, – Code de la propriété intellectuelle. 

Version consolidée au 1 juin 2012. ix. el. versia: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.docidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414. 

2 Titulo V “Transmisión de los derechos”, Capitulo II “Contrato de edición” , – 25628 

LEY 22/1987, de 11 de noviembre de Propiedad Intelectual. Martes 17 noviembre 1987. 

ix. el. versia: http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/es/es/es015es.pdf. 

3 Loi du 18 avril 2001 sur les droits d’auteur, les droits voisins et les bases de données, 

Contrat d'édition Art.14-18. http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/eur/lxwelux.htm Section 

3: Le contrat d'édition, – Loi du 18 avril 2001 sur les droits d’auteur, les droits 

voisins et les bases de données. gv. 1044. ix. el. versia: http://www.eco.public.lu/- 

documentation/legislation/lois/2001/04/18_lois_droits_auteurs.pdf. 

4 Selection 7: Du Contrat d'édition, – Loi du 30 juin 1994 relative au droit d'auteur et 

aux droits voisins. ix. el. versia: http://www.droit-technologie.org/legislation/details.asp. 

5 

Part 2: Publishing Contract, Article 65-74, – Law on Copyright and Related Rights in 

Bosnia and Herzegovina. ix. el. versia: http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/othlegist/doc/BH-LAW-ON-COPYRIGHT-AND-RELATED-RIGHTS.doc. 

6 

Про видавничу справу Закон України. Від 5 червня 1997 року N318/97-ВР, — ix. 

el. versia: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/law/97_pub.html. 

7 Закон Республики Казахстан «Об издательском деле (издательском праве)», — 

ix. el. versia: http://bcp.kz/kz/zakon/default.html. 

8 Закон Республики Таджикистан «Об издательском деле» (от 27 декабря 1993 

года, № 897; с изменениями и дополнениями, внесенными Законами РТ № 223 от 

1.02.1996 г., № 421 от 15.05.1997 г., № 889 от 11.12.1999 г.), — ix. el. versia: 

http://www.nansmit.tj/laws/id=21ю 

9 Закон Республики Молдова «Об издательском деле», — ix. el. versia: http://www.advertology.ru/index.phpname=Subjects&pageid=315.


1) `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos 

kanonma gansazRvros saavtoro sferoSi standartuli 

xelSekrulebis cneba da subieqtTa wre; 

2) miRebul iqnas sagamomcemlo saqmianobis Sesaxeb specialuri 

kanoni, romelic detalurad daaregulirebs sagamomcemlo 

uTierTobas, subieqtTa statuss, maT ufleba-movaleobebs. 

warmodgenili koncefciis midgomis gaTvaliswinebiT, `sagamomcemlo 

saqmianobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos specialuri kanoni 

SesaZlebelia Sedgebodes: 

1. zogadi debulebebisagan, romelic mizanSewonilia moicvdeს: 

a) saqarTveloSi sagamomcemlo saqmis miznebsa da amocanebs, 

romelic daaregulirebs urTierTobas gamomcemels, damamzadebels, 

gamavrceleblebsa da avtors Soris; 

b) kanonSi gamoyenebil terminTa iseT ganmartebebs, rogoricaa 

avtori, gamomcemli, gamomcemloba, sagamomcemlo produqciis 

gamavrcelebli, gamocemis, sagamomcemlo produqcia, 

tiraJi, ISBN-i, tipografia; 

g) sagamomcemlo saqmis Tavisuflebas, saxelmwifo politikas 

sagamomcemlo sferoSi; 

2. sagamomcemlo uflebisagan, am TavSi SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul 

iqnes gamomcemlobis mier gamocemuli produqciaze 

saxelmwifos mier inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebis 

aRiareba, gamomcemlobis sakuTreba, gamomcemlobis mier gamocemuli 

nawarmoebze `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~ 

saqarTvelos kanoniT gamomcemlobis inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis 

uflebis dacva, kerZo gamomcemlobis uflebis dacva; 

3. sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebisagan, sadac mocemuli 

iqneba sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis cneba, forma, dadebis pirobebi, 

uflebis gadacema da daTmoba; 

4. sagamomcemlo saqmis organizebisagan, sadac SeiZleba 

gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes sagamomcemlo saqmis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi 

formebi, sagamomcemlo saqmis subieqtTa (gamomcemelTa, 

nabeWdi produqciis damamzadebelTa da sagamomcemlo 

produqciis gamavrcelebelTa) urTierTobis daregulireba 

maT Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebiT an SeTanxmebiT, sagamomcemlo 

produqciis SemkveTis cneba da ulebaa-movaleobebi; 

5. sagamomcemlo saqmis subieqtTa ufleba-movaleobebisagan, 

sadac mocemuli iqneba gamomcemlis ufleba da movaleobeba, 

tipografiis/nabeWdi produqciis damamzadeblis/ufleba 

da movaleobebi; 

6. sagamomcemlo produqciisagan, mocemul TavSi SeiZleba 

gaTvaliswinebul iqnes sagamomcemlo produqciis gavrce- 

203


lebis wesebi, gamosaSvebi gamocemis Sinaarsi da savaldebulo 

egzemplarebis ganawilebis wesi; 

7. sagamomcemlo saqmis sakanonmdeblo dacvisagan; 

8. sagamomcemlo saqmis sferoSi saerTaSoriso Tanam- 

Sromlobisagan; 

9. sagamomcemlo saqmianobis Sewyvetisagan; 

10. gardamaval debulebebisagan. 

saqarTveloSi Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT aRmoifxvreba 

sagamomcemlo sferoSi arsebuli mniSvnelovani 

problema, kerZod adgils daimkvidrebs sagamomcemlo xelSekruleba, 

ganisazRvreba sagamomcemlo xelSekrulebis subieqtTa 

statusi. subieqtTa statusis dadgena safuZveli gaxdeba 

nawarmoebis avtorsa da gamomcemels Soris urTierTobis samarTlebrivi 

regulirebisaTvis. 

SOPHIO GVARAMIA 

THE ISSUE OF PUBLICATION AGRECEMENT SUBJECTS 

STATUS CONCEPTION IN GERGIAN LEGISTATION 

Copyright legislation effective in Georgia does not contain the 

concept of publication agreements, status of the publication agreement 

subjects. At current stage this omission causes significant problems as 

number of the publishing houses and of the authors increase in Georgia, 

what should become the basis for successful future of the printed books, 

entry of Georgian authors and publishers to the international book market. 

Practice of publishing activities requires detailing of these issues in 

the legislation and therefore this problem is significant and it could be 

solved via complex approach including the theoretical and practical issues 

in the given sphere. Goal of the work is support to development of the 

relevant legislative base in Georgia and elaboration of the unified conception 

of the publishing activities in legal aspect. 

Based on the experience of the countries with different legal systems, 

as well as practical necessity the following would be reasonable: 1. 

Georgian Law on Copyright and Related Rights should define the concept 

of standard agreement in the copyright sphere and the circle of subjects; 

2. special law on publishing activities should be adopted, which 

would provide detailed regulation of the relations in the publishing sphere, 

status of the subjects and their rights and obligations. 

204


lali gabisonia 

qarTuli samarTlis istoriis 

mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi 

qarTul saqorwino-saojaxo samarTals Rrmad aqvs gar- 

Txmuli fesvebi warmarTobisa da adreuli qristianobis xanaSi. 

qarTuli samarTlis es dargi metad mniSvnelovania, radgan mas- 

Si kargad aisaxa erovnuli fsiqologia, zneoba, morali da samarTlebrivi 

kultura. saqorwino-saojaro samarTlis istoriaSi 

martivad amovikiTxavT qarTveli eris umdidres kulturas, 

humanurobas, tradiciulobas, RvTismosaobas, zneobriv siwmindes, 

mamakacis lomgulobasa da raindobas, qalis sispetakesa da 

kdemamosilebas, ufros-umcrosobis wessa da moyvasisadmi er- 

Tgulebis saocar magaliTebs. 

qarTuli saqorwino-saojaxo samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi 

warmarTobis xanaSi iRebs saTaves da TiTqmis xeluxleblad 

SemogvrCa dRemde. es warmarTobis xanis cocxali eqsponati eris 

ukvdavebis, misi zneobrivi siZlieris simboloa. masze verc 

mogvianebiT miRebulma qristianobam moaxdina gavlena. warmar- 

Tobis xanaSi Casaxuli qarTuli saqorwino tradiciebi qristianuli 

moralisTvis absoluturad misaRebi aRmoCnda. rogorc 

Cans, qarTvelebi qristianebad daibadnen am samyaroSi da qvecnobierad 

qristianebi iyvnen warmarTobis xanaSic. imitom, rom 

qristianoba es aris humanuroba, zneobrivi siwminde, mSoblebisa 

da ufrosebis pativiscema, moyvasis Seyvarebisa da dandobis 

unari, mtris siyvarulic ki — es yvelaferi xom qarTvelebs uxvad 

daabertya RmerTma! amitomac qristianobis Semosvlam arsebiTad 

axali veraferi Sehmata qarTul saqorwino-saojaxo 

tradiciebs. aki ambobdnen berZnebi, qarTvelebi barbarosebi ar 

arian, isini RmerTebis Camomavalni da Cveni Tanasworni ariano. 

Zveli qarTuli saqorwino-saojaxo samarTali erTdroulad 

ramdenime saintereso institutsa da princips Seicavs. aRsaniSnavia, 

nebayoflobiTobis, wodebriobisa da mamakacis privilegirebuli 

mdgomareobis principi qarTul saqorwino-saojaxo 

samarTalSi. nebayoflobiTobis principi gulisxmobs mxareTa 

araiZulebiT kavSirs, aramed keTili nebis SeTanxmebiT 

miRweul kavSirs STamomavlobis gagrZelebisa da erToblivi 

TanacxovrebisaTvis. am principisadmi pativiscemis gamoZaxilia 

erT-erTi gadawyvetileba daviT aRmaSeneblisa, romelic Seexeba 

e.w. saqorwino warmomadgenlobis akrZalvas. saqorwino warmomadgenlobis 

arseboba utyuari dasturia imisa, rom rac ar 

unda patriarqaluri iyos ojaxi, Tu qals ar unda gaTxoveba 

konkretul pirovnebaze, is poulobs Sinagan resurss winaaRmdegobis 

gasawevad, am SemTxvevaSi winaaRmdegobis TvalsaCino 

205

206 


formasTan gvaqvs saqme. jvrisweraze ar midis patarZali. samagierod 

mis nacvlad midioda misi axlo naTesavi (aucileblad 

vaJi Zma an biZaSvili), jvriswera mainc tardeboda da mas daviT 

aRmaSeneblamde mainc kanonierad Tvlidnen. daviTma akrZala amgavari 

saqorwino warmomdgenloba da misi es gadawyvetileba 

marTebuli iyo. jer erTi, qorwineba Svid saidumloebas Soris 

erT-erTia, romlis drosac jvriswers momentSi meqorwineebze 

pirdapir gadmodis RvTiuri madli da siwmindiT manipulireba 

mkrexelobis tolfasia. meorec: Tu qorwineba nebayoflobiTobis 

principzea agebuli. meqorwineebi, rogorc minimum jvrisweraze 

mainc unda cxaddebodnen yovelgvari iZulebis da Zaldatanebis 

gareSe. 

qorwinebis uZvelesi safuZveli iyo: qalis motaceba. motacebul 

qals romelime gavleniani kacis ojaxSi malaven, romelic 

mfarvelobs motacebulsac da momtaceblebsac. roca saqmeSi 

aseTi gavleniani piri ereva, mSoblebi ufro xSirad devnas 

Tavs anebeben, cdiloben mSvidobianad moagvaron saqme. am dros 

sasiZos mohyavs qalis mSoblebisaTvis Zroxa, moaqvs puri, Rvino 

da tanisamosi. fSavuri samarTali iTvaliswinebs momtaceblis 

pasuxismgeblobas sazRauris saxiT. ufro metic, rogorc d. jalabaZe 

miuTiTebs: `Cven mogvepoveba cnobebi, romlis mixedvi- 

Tac niSnobis darRveva qalis mxridan garkveul pasuxismgeblobas 

iwvevda, kerZod, Tu daniSnul qals sxvaze gaaTxovebdnen, 

mis mSoblebs vaJis sasargeblod 16 Zroxa unda ezRoT, motacebis 

SemTxvevaSi ki es pasuxismgebloba momtacebels ekisreboda. 1 

motacebasTan SedarebiT ufro Serbilebuli forma iyo qalis 

gamotyueba ojaxidan `giTotyurafa~. es forma motacebisgan 

imiT gansxvavdeboda, rom am SemTxvevaSi qali Tanaxma iyo 

qorwinebaze, mSoblebi ki winaaRmdegni. mSoblebs rom droze adre 

SeetyoT, saqme sisxlisRvramde midioda. motaceba da `motyuebiT 

wamoyvana~ qalisTvis misi Rirsebis amamaRlebeli faqtori 

iyo; moswonda mas Tu ara misi momtacebeli, amas mniSvneloba 

ar hqonda, qals ar eZleoda saqmros arCevis ufleba, amitom 

isic emorCileboda beds. motacebul (giTotyurafili) qals 

upiratesoba eniWeboda mSvidobiT moyvanil qalTan SedarebiT. 

swored motacebul qalze miuTiTebs k. gamsaxurdia: `ramdenadac 

sazizRaria daSinebuli mamakaci, imdenad mSvenieria SemkrTali 

qali~... `qalis gulis mosaxveWad sami ramea saWiro: si- 

Tamame, siTamame da kidev siTamame, mokrZaleba undili adamianebis 

saqmea~... ùturfesi umamacesis kerZi yofila maradJams~. 2 

arsebobda kidev erTi, albaT yvelaze civilizebuli, saxe qorwinebisa 

— Txovna (Txuala), romlis drosac wyvilis daqorwine- 

1 d. jalabaZe. qarTuli CveulebiTi samarTali. t. 4, gv. 137. 

2 

k. gamsaxurdia. aforizmebi da mogonebani. quTaisi, 2001, gv. 25.


bas win uZRoda mTeli rigi ritualebisa da mSvidobiani gziT 

yovelgvari brZolisa da Zaldatanebis gareSe mxareTa SeTanxmebiT 

da mSoblebis kurTxeviT qorwindeboda wyvili. vidre uSualod 

jvriswerasa da qorwinebaze gadavidodeT, gvinda xazi gavusvaT 

qorwinebamdeli urTierTobis ramdenime etaps: 1. sacolis 

gasinjva, anu gadanaxuleba (megrulad ginoZirafa); 2. sacolis 

daniSvna (Sanua). 

swored qorwinebamdeli urTierTobebi iTvaliswinebdnen 

qorwinebis gamomricxavi da damabrkolebeli garemoebebis gadamowmebas. 

erTi sityviT, qorwinebamdeli urTierTobebisas 

mowmdeba qal-vaJis yovelgvari naklovaneba; maT Soris: xom ar 

enaTesavebian isini erTmaneTs, naTel-mironiT xom ar arian dakavSirebuli 

dasaqorwinebeli wyvilis ojaxebi erTmaneTTan, 

xom ar aris sxva raime garemoeba rac abrkolebs an saerTod SeuZlebels 

xdis qorwinebas gogos mxare sasiZos ojaxsa da gvarze 

da TviT sasiZoze arkvevs yvela SesaZlo informacias: raime 

danaSauli xom ar mosdgams mis gvars an codva, an sxva rame naklovaneba 

an memkvidreobiTi avadmyofoba, an vaJis gvarSi xom ar 

yofila odesme qorwineba gogos romelime mogvareze. es yvelaferi 

Zalian arsebiTi da mniSvnelovani iyo. igives akeTebs biWis 

mxarec. amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa italieli misioneris 

don arqanjelo lambertis Sefaseba `Cvens evropaSi roca cols 

irTaven, umTavres sagnad aqvT mziTvis miReba, amitom xSirad 

xdeba xolme, rom yuradRebas ar aqceven arc tanis uSnoobas, 

arc xnierebas da arc dabal STamomavlobas, roca meores mxriT 

aris kargi mdidruli mziTevi, sazogadod hfiqroben, rom yovelsave 

naklulovanebas dahfaravs oqro da vercxli. amitomac 

xSiria, rom didebulebi Tavs idableben, ymawvilebi uSno da ukbilo 

bebrebs irTaven; kolxidaSi ase rodia, iq qals araviTari 

mziTevi qmrisTvis ar miaqvs, isini colSi eZeben fizikur simSvenieres, 

karg STamomavlobas da saukeTeso zrdilobas~. 1 mar- 

Tlac didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda saqarTveloSi karg STamomavlobas 

da gvariSvilobas ojaxis Seqmnis dros. keTilSobili 

ojaxidan gamosul vaJs ekrZaleboda Zveli adaTiT glexis qalis 

SerTva, wodebriobis princips ZvelTaganve icavdnen saqar- 

TveloSi. 

saintereso masalebi gvaqvs marTlmadidebeli mRvdlis Canawerebidan, 

romelic XIX saukueze mogviTxrobs da Seexeba ma- 

Wanklobasa da qorwinebas, misi informaciiT yovel sofelSi moiZebneba 

ramdenime adamiani, romlis ZiriTadi Semosavali da 

saqmianoba maWanklobaa. sazogadoebis wiaRSi cxovrebisas isini 

didi mondomebiT akvirdebian axalgazrdebs, rogorc ki Seam- 

1 arqanjelo lamberti. samegrelos aRwera. Targmani italiuridan 

al. Wyoniasi. meore gamocema. Tb., 1938, gv. 82. 

207

208 


Cnevdnen, rom vinme apirebs colis SerTvas an gaTxovebas, uceb 

iq Cndebian da sTavazoben axalgazrdebs daxmarebas Sesaferisi 

sacolis an saqmros SerCevaSi. zogjer isec xdeboda, rom maWanklis 

SerCeuls mSoblebi iwunebdnen, maSin maWankali eSmakurad 

daiZvrenda Tavs uxerxulobidan da umal sxva kandidaturaze 

gadahqonda mSoblebis yuradReba. mosawoni kandidatis SerCevis 

Semdeg pirvelad mSoblebi gogos ojaxSi agzavnidnen maWankals. 

maWankali gogos mSoblebs an Zmas acnobda ojaxSi misvlis 

mizezs da iqve kiTxulobda, ra mziTevs gaatandnen gogos da ra 

saxiT: fuliT Tu mamulebiT gogos mSoblebi Tu moiwonebdnen 

aRniSnul kandidaturas da Tanxmdebian SeTavazebul winadadebas, 

pasuxoben, rom isini moxaruli arian gaaTxovon qaliSvili 

aRniSnul vaJze, magram jer unda moifiqron, moiTaTbiron ojaxur 

TaTbirze da pasuxs droulad Seatyobineben maWankals. im 

SemTxvevaSi, Tu winadadeba mSoblisaTvis miuRebelia da vaJis 

ojaxi arasasurvelia maTTvis (mizezi SeiZleba iyos vaJis cudi 

buneba, cudi Cvevebi da manerebi), pirdapir uars eridebodnen, 

eSinodaT pirdapir uaris Tqmis, raTa ganawyenebul vaJs raime 

ziani ar mieyenebina gogonasTvis, amitom uars iribad — arapirdapir 

ambobdnen, ufro misaReb da sapatio sababs eZebdnen uaris 

saTqmelad. 

ase iyo Tu ise, Tu maWanklobis pirveli cda Sedegianad 

dasruldeboda, iwyeboda saojaxo TaTbiri, sadac aRniSnul 

kandidaturas didi yuradRebiT ganixilavdnen, gadawyvetdnen; 

Tu ra raodenobiT mziTevs miscemdnen gogos da amasobaSi sa- 

TaTbiros wevrebs Soris uceb gaCndeboda maWankali, TiTqos 

icoda, rom sakiTxis ganxilva mimdinareobda. sinteresoa is 

faqti, rom maWanklobaSi Cans maWankalTa ori mxare: erTi gogos 

mxridan, meore biWis. gogos saxlSi saojaxo TaTbirze Cndeba 

gogos maWankali, romelic ojaxis gadawyvetilebas umal gaacnobs 

biWis mxaris maWankals. orive mxaris maWankali cdilobs, 

Seaqos Tavisi mxare, gamodis, rom maTi naTqvamis mesamedi tyuilia, 

magram mainc cdiloben miznis miRwevas da mxareebis daTanxmebas 

qorwilze. sapatarZlos maWankali zepiri formiT gadascems 

sasiZos mziTvis zust raodenobas, aq bevrs cruobs, cdilobs 

ufro metad moaCvenos mciredic ki. Semdeg sasiZos iTanxmebs 

sapatarZlos naxvaze. 

adaTobriv samarTalSi megrulad sapatarZlos monaxulebas 

`ginoZirafa~ ewodeba. es cnobilia qorwinebamdel urTier- 

TobebSi, Tumca maWanklis instituti didi simpaTiebiT ar sargeblobs, 

magram amas adgili hqonda da Sesabamisad fiqsirdeba 

am CanawerSic. rodesac sasiZos iTanxmeben Sexvedraze, `ginoZirafa~-ze, 

iniSneba dRe da saaTi. drois daTqmis Semdeg maWanklebi 

acnobeben sapatarZlos ojaxs, Tu rodis modis sasiZo `gina- 

ZirafuSa~ gadasanaxuleblad. sapatarZlos mSoblebi im dRi-


saTvis iwveven naTesavebs, alamazeben stumrebis misaReb oTaxs, 

sapatarZlos pirad oTaxs, sapatarZlos alamazeben da acmeven 

uZvirfases kabas, imden nelsacxebelsa da fer-umarils usvamen, 

rom sapatarZlo Tavs Zlivs ikavebs, amdeni `galamazebiT~ wonasworoba 

ekargeba. sasiZo marTlac modis ojaxSi, magram Zalian 

Znelia ucxo garemoSi daakvirde sacoles, amdeni ferumarilis 

wasmis Semdeg gaarCio lamazi saxe uSnosagan, verc saxis kanis 

naklovanebebs amCvenvs sasiZo, amitom misTvis swored es momentia 

yvelaze problematuri. sasiZo, Tavis mxriv, aseTi mniSvnelovani 

dRisaTvis saTanadod emzadeba, Tavisi maWanklebisa 

da naTesavebis TanxlebiT midis sapatarZlos saxlSi. 

sapatarZlos saxlSi maT saTanado pativiT xvdebian, didi 

mowiwebiT daabrZaneben sufrasTan da iwyeben msjelobas raRac 

sakiTxze. ar aris mniSvnelovani raze, mTavaria, raRacaze isaubron, 

rom uxerxulobis SegrZneba moexsnas orive mxares. sapatarZlo 

jer ar Cans, uceb gaiReba kari da Semodis angeloziviT 

lamazi gogo, banaluri misalmebis Semdeg dajdeba sasiZos 

gverdiT, isini akvirdebian erTmaneTs, SoriSor swavloben er- 

TmaneTis manerebsa da qcevebs. aseTi moridebuli TvalTvaliT 

sruldeba e.w. `ginoZirafa~, romelic daaxloebiT 1 saaTsa da 30 

wuTs grZeldeba. am drois gasvlis Semdeg sapatarZlo mowiwebiT, 

krZalviT dgeba, simorcxvisagan Zlivs sunTqavs da fexakrefiT 

gadis oTaxidan. es is momentia, roca sasiZom unda gaarkvios 

koWli xom ar aris sapatarZlo, ramdenad tanadia igi. Tu, 

saboloo jamSi, sasiZos moewoneba gogo, igi amis Sesaxeb eubneba 

Tavis axlo naTesavebs. isini, Tavis mxriv, iqve acnobeben gogos 

mxares da elodebian saboloo pasuxs. gogoc Tanxmobas acxadebs, 

amiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maWankloba Sedegianad dasrulda, 

magram arc gogos da arc biWis maWankali amiT ar kmayofildeba. 

isini axla iwyeben maraTons axalgazrdebis dauyovnebliv 

dasaqorwineblad. mizezi erTaderTia: orive maWankalma icis 

Tavisi `klientis~ naklovani mxareebi (avadmyofoba Tu sxva) da 

eSinia SiSis mizezi ki erTaderTia — qorwili ar CaiSalos. es didi 

Sroma rom wyalSi ar Caiyaros, cdiloben, rac SeiZleba Cqara 

daaqorwinon axalgazrdebi. maWanklebs mSoblebisa da naTesavebis 

eSiniaT, eSiniaT, gogos mSoblebma ar gadaifiqron Svilis 

gaTxoveba cudi zneobis vaJze, sofeli WoriknebiT aris savse, 

sanam vinme vinmeze augs ityvis, qorwili manamde unda Sedges. ma- 

Wanklis operatiulobas saboloo Sedegze gadamwyveti gavlena 

aqvs. sasiZos dawunebis da Sesabamisad qorwinebis damabrkolebeli 

garemoebebia: vaJis loToba, misi simaxinje, Tu igi aris 

ukanonod Sobili da a.S. amitom maWankali Cqarobs, eSmakobs, 

oxunjobs, iyoliebs vaJsa da gogos mSoblebs jvriswerisa da 

qorwilis dRis daniSvnaze. ueWvelia, maWankals arc demografi- 

209

210 


uli problema adardebs da arc qarTuli ojaxis Seqmnis diadi 

mizani, misi miznebi merkantiluria, igi gamorCenaze fiqrobs, 

dadgenili adaTobrivi wesiT maWankals ergeba qorwilisaTvis 

dakluli Zroxebis meaTedi nawili, aseve samziTvo avejidan ra- 

Rac nawili. ai, gaTenda jvrisweris dRe, yvelaferi pompezurad 

unda Catardes. 

sanam patarZals siZis saxlSi Seiyvandnen, yvelani eklesia- 

Si midian jvris dasawerad. Tumca es sakiTxic sadavoa. zogjer 

jvriswera wina dRes xdeba da ara saqorwino lxinis dRes. rogorc 

cnobilia, jvriswerisaTvis saWiro iyo orive mxaris Tanxmoba, 

rogorc siZe-patarZlisa, aseve maTi mSoblebisa. qali iSviaTad 

ityoda xolme Tanxmobas jvrisweraze. misi dumili, ufro 

xSirad Tanxmobad iyo miCneuli. yofila samegrelos sinamdvileSi 

SemTvevebi, roca patarZali SeucvliaT, e.i. jvrisweramde 

uCvenebdnen sxvas, jvrisweraze ki maxijns gamoaCendnen 

(namdvil patarZals). aseT dros siZeTa umravlesoba, ra Tqma 

unda, uars ambobda jvrisweraze, xolo ganawyenebuli mxare 

iZulebuli iyo SercxvenisaTvis Suri eZia, magram Tu aseTi ram 

ar xdeba, Cveulebriv normaluri wesiT qorwinebasTan gvaqvs 

saqme. mRvdeli jvars daswers nefe-dedofals da gadascems sefiskveris 

TiTo natexs da fialiT Rvinos, romelic TiToeulma 

maTganma samjer unda mosvas. lamberti imasac miuTiTebs, rom 

zogjer jvrisewera maranSi xdeboda: `Tu iqve aris karis eklesia, 

Sekrebilebi iq miemarTebian, Tu karis eklesia ara aqvT, midian 

maranSi, romelsac eklesiasaviT pativsa scemen da iq daaqorwineben~ 

1 . marani qarTveli kacisaTvis iseve wmindaa, rogorc 

salocavi taZari. es gasagebicaa, saqarTveloSi qristianoba 

svimon kananelTan da andria pirvelwodebulTan erTad wminda 

ninos ukavSirdeba. vazis jvriT gaqristianebul ers Rvinisadmi, 

vazisa da, Sesabamisad, maranisadmi gansakuTrebulad mowiwebuli 

damokidebuleba aqvs. mxold qarTveli aRiqvams Rvinos ~vazis 

naJurad~ - es xom qristianobas ukavSirdeba da, amdenad, gasagebia, 

ratom iTvleba kanonierad saqarTveloSi maranSi Catarebuli 

jvrisweraca da naTlobac. 

sasiZos yovelgvari motyueba Tavs iCens ukve jvrisweris 

momentSi. zogjer tyuili Semdegi saxiT mJRavndeba: lamazi sapatarZlos 

nacvlad uSno, gonji qali SerCeba. zogjer Svilis 

nacvlad ojaxi vaJs Tavis uSno mosamsaxures miaTxovebs. amitom 

xSiria ojaxuri konfliqtebi da sasamarTlo davebi, ratomRac 

axlad daqorwinebulebi erTmaneTTan rogorc kata da ZaRli, 

ise cxovroben. motyuebuli qmari iwyebs ojaxur angariSsworebebs, 

Cxubobs, scems cols, awamebs mas, surs misi Tavidan mocileba 

da amitom aiZulebs cols aRikvecos monazvnad an cdi- 

1 

arqanjelo lamberti. samegrelos aRwera, gv. 85.


lobs TviTon aRikvecos berad, vidre arasasurvel colTan icxovros. 

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maWanklis daxmarebiT Sesaferisi qalvaJi 

daqorwindeba, maSin es qorwineba RvTiTkurTxeulia, colqmari 

qristianuli wesiT cxovrobs da sikvdilamde, anu kubos 

karamde erTad arian. 

qorwili erT-erTi uZvelesi da ubrwyinvalesi ritualia, 

romelic ZvelTaganve TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba. sasiZo, romelsac 

miznad dausaxavs qorwilis mowyoba, am ceremoniisTvis 

Semdegnairad emzadeba: igi yidulobs ramdnime wyvil xars (dekeuls) 

aucileblad dakodils, kargad Casuqebuls, ramdenime 

Txas da yvela SesaZlo masalas sursaTs, aseve sasmisebs da, rac 

mTavaria Rvinos. yvelaferi rom momzaddeba, axlo megobrebs 

daagzavnis sxvadasxva mxares, maTi xeliT agzavnis naTesavebTan 

saqorwino mosawvev werilebs. am werilebSi gansazRvrulia qorwilis 

dRe da dro. 

mosawvevi baraTebis dagzavnidan qorwinebis wminda dRemde 

daaxloebiT 10 dRe iyo Sualedi. es vada mxolod gansakuTrebul 

SemTxvevebSi grZeldeboda. mowveuli stumrebisaTvis nadimi 

imarTeboda `sefa~-Si. es aris ezoSi specialurad am qorwilisaTvis 

mowyobili e.w. saqorwino darbazi, aucileblad gadaxuruli 

da kapitalurad momzadebuli. winaT specialuri mipatiJebisa 

da mosawvevi baraTis gareSe qorwilSi Zalian axlobel 

megobarsac ki ar ewveodnen. es uZvelesi tradiciaa, romelic 

dRemde SenarCunda. aseve sainteresoa 10-dRiani vada dadgenili 

pativcemuli stumrebis mosawvevad. qorwilis wina dRes dapatiJebuli 

Tavmoyvare kaci qorwilSi ar midioda. wina dRes 

dapatiJeba upativcemulobad iyo miCneuli. 

imisaTvis, rom qorwili saTanado doneze Catarebuliyo da 

stumrebi nasiamovnebi darCeniliyvnen, siZes didi Sroma adgeboda. 

mas unda moemzadebina yvela detali, yvela rituali Tu 

wvrilmani problema. megobrebidan erT-erTs avalebs — kamerdinerobas, 

1 meores — sufrajobas, mesames _ Rvinis mwdeobas, maT 

winaswar afrTxilebs, rom TiToeulma Tavisi funqcia Seasrulos. 

ai, dadga qorwilis dRec. sisxam dilidan moyolebuli meore 

dRis gaTenebamde duRs ganuwyveteli Sroma sasiZosaTvis: 

siZe Tavis mezoblebTan da aseve daqiravebul xalxTan erTad 

amzadebs grandiozul vaxSams stumrebisaTvis. mzaddeba uamravi 

gemrieli kerZi. daikvleba saklavi, mzaddeba xorci saukeTeso 

recepturiT. aucileblad unda daiklas am qorwilisaTvis 

specialurad nayidi saklavi. saklavi mzaddeba gansxvavebuli 

wesiT, dgeba sadilis dro. xelismomkideebi Tu mayrebi ukve movidnen, 

maspinZeli dauRalavi energiiT asrulebs Tavis misias. 

1 

pirisfareSi, mosamsaxure. 

211

212 


wesis mixedviT saxeldaxelod mzaddeba sadili mayrebisaTvis. 

isadileben da miemarTebian sapatarZlos saxlSi. sapatarZlos 

saxleuli odnav sevdian STabeWdilebas stovebs. isini ganicdian 

ojaxis Semcirebas, Tumca qaliSvilis gaTxovebiT gamowveuli 

ojaxis Semcireba, albaT, yvelaze sasixarulo mizezia. 

ai, movidnen kidec, ras xedaven, gadaSlilia samefo sefa, 

ezoSi yvelgan patara sasadiloebia, yvelgan saWmel-sasmeli 

mzaddeba, Tavmoyrilia xalxis kolosaluri raodenoba, yvela 

mxiarulebisaTvis emzadeba, e.w. saxalxo veCe — saxalxo kreba saqeifod 

emzadeba. banaluri misalmebis mere saxleulobas mayrebidan 

erT-erTi Tavmomwone xumrobiTa da oinbazobiT sTxovs, 

uCvenon sapatarZlo, rogoria igi, eSxiania Tu ara, aris Tu ara 

Savgvremani, magram pasuxad iRebs sayvedurs. aseT tyuil-ubralo 

xumrobebsa da ZiebaSi mayrebi atareben saaT-naxevars. am 

dros maspinZeli sidedri an simamri mosamsaxureebiTa da uamravi 

xalxiT garSemortymulebi yvelafers gaiReben, Zalian ecdebian, 

rom pativi scen mayrionsa da TavSeyril mowveul stumrebs. 

emociebis dacxrobis Semdeg deda iwyebs qaliSvilis mziTvis 

gamolagebas aivanTan, mayrebTan axlos. saxleulebidan er- 

Ti adamiani Cerdeba derefanTan, mas xelSi uWiravs sia qonebisa, 

romelsac qaliSvils mziTvad atans mama. saxleulis es warmomadgeneli 

JReradi xmiT rigiTobis dacviT aJRerebs nivTebis 

srul CamonaTvals, jer saxeldeba nivTi, Semdeg mosamsaxures 

gamoaqvs igi da uwesrigod alagebs maT. mayrebi da sxva damswreni 

gars ertymian am nivTebs da aTvaliereben, amowmeben sapatar- 

Zlos sikoxtavesa da punqtualobas. siis dasrulebis Semdeg 

mayrebis rigidan gamodis erTi jentlmeni, romelic mimarTavs 

maspinZels, Tavs uxris mas da ixdis madlobas. am wuTidan is 

aris aRniSnuli nivTebis kuratori da pasuxs agebs nivTebis dakargvis 

SemTxvevaSi. es nivTebi Seikvreba da daideba uremze an 

cxenze. yvelaferi damokidebuli iyo manZilsa da samziTvo niv- 

Tebis raodenobaze. amis Semdeg gadis daaxloebiT 40 wuTi da sadili 

ukve mzad aris. maspinZeli cdilobs mayrebs da mowveul 

stumrebs saTanadod gaumaspinZldes. Semdeg maspinZeli mosamsaxureebs 

aZlevs e.w. firmans, rom intensiurad emsaxuron miwveul 

stumrebs. isini pirnaTlad asruleben TavianT movaleobebs. 

ai, mayrebma ukve isadiles, zomierad dRes zedmeti oinbazobis 

gareSe aiSalnen. maTi xelmZRvaneli is pirovnebaa, visac 

abaria siZis saxlSi misatani mziTevi da vinc aris siZis mxridan, 

igi cdilobs araferi daaSavebinos misi amalis wevrebs, araferi 

gaakeTebinos sasiZos e.w. asambleas. sTavazobs fexze damdgar 

sadRegrZelos yvela dapatiJebuli stumrisa, svams am sasmiss 

da amiT mayrebis vaxSami sruldeba; Semdeg mayrebi iTxoven sapatarZlos 

gamoyvanas. cxenebi ukve Sekazmulia, sapatarZlos cxe-


nic ukve Sekazmulia. sapirfareSo oTaxidan (buduaridan) gamodis 

qalTa didi jgufi, ismis tirli da erTgvari moTqma. sapatarZlos 

Tavze mandili axuravs da Sesabamisad misi saxe ar Cans. 

mSoblebi dalocaven mas, kurTxevas aZleven, marjvniv daatrialeben 

da eubnebian ~Svilo, Cveno nu stiri~, sapatarZloc pasuxad 

raRacas ambobs... mamam, icis ra qaliSvilis mier naTqvami 

sityvebis mniSvneloba, eubneba mas: ~ara, Cven ara (uTiTebs Tavis 

colze), arc Cven arc Sen Cveno mSveniero qmnilebav, arc buneba 

ar aris damnaSave, es bedisweris bralia, rom Sen mihyvebi aseT 

kacs. Semdeg sapatarZlo cxenze jdeba. ufro sworad mama xelSi 

ayvanili svams sapatarZlos cxenze. aq mayrebi iwyeben xmaurian 

yiJinas, isini emSvidobebian maspinZlebs. ganSorebis wuTebi 

mSobliur ojaxTan elegiuria, kocniT emSvidobeba sapatarZlo 

ojaxs, es sulieri wamebaa, rac SemaZrwuneblad moqmedebs Seyvarebulebzec 

da mSoblebzec. mayrebi siZesTan erTad miuZRvebian 

patarZalsac. qaravani midis rogorc aqlemebi arabeTis udabnoSi, 

ismis sazeimo srolebi, xelTofis xma. imanenturad arCeuli 

Tavi-mayari miuZRvis sapatarZlos mziTvad gamotanebul saqonels, 

raTa saqonels mTvarian an umTvaro RameSi gza ar aebnas. 

am mozeime adamianTa amalaSi mxolod erTia sevdiani — es 

Cveni patarZalia, romelsac guls uklavs ded-mamis siyvaruli, 

magram bedisweris gangebiT dRes zeimis mTavari moqmedi gmiria. 

aseT oromtrialsa da vnebaTaRelvaSi miagnes sasiZos saxlsac. 

sasiZos saxls miuaxlovdebian Tu ara mayrebidan erT-erTi 

auCqarebs cxens, saxlSi Sesuli atexavs srolas, egzaltaciis 

gamosawvevad da amiT sasiZos saxleuls acnobs, rom ukan mobrZandeba 

sapatarZlo mzeTunaxavi. SeiZleba sapatarZlo sulac 

ar aris mzeTunaxavi, magram ase unda iTqvas. maxarobelma arc 

icis patarZlis garegnoba, magram mainc mzeTunaxavad moixseniebs 

mas. saxleuli madlierebis grZnobiT asaCuqrebs maxarobels 

puriT, RviniT da a.S. modian ra sasiZos saxlSi, mayrebi 

adian saxlis aivanze da iwyeben utkbilesi xmiT simReras. saxleuli 

xvdeba sapatarZlos kibesTan TefSiT xelSi. TefSi savsea 

marcvleuliT. aseTi TefSis naxvaze dedamTili xvdeba ra Tef- 

Sis daniSnulebas, iRebs cota marcvleuls da yris sxvadasxva 

mxares, saerTod mTel saxlSi. amiT aRiniSneba sapatarZlos Svilis 

yolis unari. amis Semdeg sapatarZlo mihyavT dekorirebul 

oTaxSi da iq mayrebs umaspinZldebian CaiT (es, rogorc Cans, axali 

drois tradicia iqneboda, Zvelad umaspinZldebodnen Cveulebrivi 

mamapapuri pur-mariliTa da RviniT). aq mdgomareni xedaven, 

rom ukve sapatarZlos mziTvic movida da iwyeba ulamazesi 

speqtakli, romlis aRwerac eniT SeuZlebelia. ezoSi ukraven 

violonCelistebi. ezo xalxiTaa savse, yvelgan ukraven da mRerian, 

Cans, ulamazesi cekva-mxiaruleba. 

axlovdeba vaxSmis droc. gansakuTrebiT yuradRebas aq- 

213

214 


cevdnen, Tu vin da sad dajdeboda. qarTuli qorwili ulamazesi 

sanaxaobaa, es aris uniWieresi reJisoris mier dadgmuli grandiozuli 

speqtakli, sadac yvelas Tavisi roli aqvs da SemTxveviTobas 

adgili ar SeiZleba hqondes. cal mxares sxdebian siZis 

mayrebi, maT sapirispiro mxares sapatarZlos mayrebi. es TiTqos 

diplomatiuri xerxia: isini erTmaneTs akontroleben da 

adgili aqvs SejibrebiTobis princips. sma-Wamis dros (konkurirebisaTvis) 

sefa mTel sigrZeze ganaTebulia sazeimo sanTlebiT, 

romlebic idgmeba erTi saJenis daSorebiT (2 metri). maspin- 

Zels surs isaxelos Tavi, igi umorCilesad sTxovs msaxurT (mezoblebs) 

dauSreteli energiiT emsaxuron sufras da gaakvirvon 

stumrebi. msaxurebic maqsimalurad cdiloben asiamovnon 

maspinZels da punqtualurad emsaxurebian sufras. ai, msaxurebs 

moaqvT puri da marili, maT ukan modis frinvelis xorcis 

ulamazesad gawyobili grZeli qaravani, Semdeg saqonlis xorcis 

ulamazesi kerZi, aseve SemoaqvT Roris xorcisagan momzadebuli 

kerZi, magram maspinZloba amiT rodi mTavrdeba. stumrebs 

sTavazoben Txel naWrebad moxarSul saqonlis xorcs, Semdeg 

SemoaqvT dakepili xorcis mwvadi, ai, sufrac gaiSala, sefaSi 

msxdomni irCeven Rvinis gamgebels, anu ganmkargavs — Tamadas. 

mopasuxes irCeven sapatarZlos mxridan. e.w. Rvinis ganmkargavi, 

anu Tamada yvela dapatiJebuli stumrisaTvis aris eqskursiam- 

ZRolis, gidis rolSi. stumrebidan arc erTs ar SeuZlia misi 

oponireba. yvela mas emorCileba. iwyeba Rvinis sma xis TasebiT. 

sadRegrZelos svams yvela, sefis erT mxares msxdomni (biWis 

mxare) oponirebs sufris meore mxareze msxdomT. mizani erTia: 

rac SeiZleba Cqara daaTron `mowinaaRmdege~ mxare, magram am saxalxo 

`veCes~ iseTebic gamoerevian, rom sul ar SeuZliaT sma, 

nefe-dedoflis sadRegrZelosac ki ver Sesvamen, Tumca TiTqmis 

ar moiZebneba iseTi, romelic ar dalevs bevr Rvinos, ar gaixumrebs, 

ar imxiarulebs da ar Sesvams uklebliv yvela sadRegrZelos. 

aris sadRegrZeloTa kategoria, romelsac svamen gansxvavebuli 

RviniTa da gansakuTrebuli sasmisiT. am sadRegrZelos 

Sesmis ufleba mxolod Rvinis ganmkargavis brZanebiT eZleva 

vinmes. aRniSnuli sasmisis dalevis Semdeg gansakuTrebuli 

WurWeli (gansxvavebulis dasalevi) sefis sarkmelidan Cumad 

gadaecemaT msaxurebs. Semdeg agrZeleben smas xis jamebiT. 

sadRegrZelos daleven, erTmaneTs daulocaven (alaverdi) da 

auCqareblad deben sufraze. aq, rogorc wesi, xmaroben eSmakobas, 

xis Tasi gaumWvirvalia, asxamen cota Rvinos da ise svamen 

TiTqos savse iyos, aseTi WirveulobiT gamoirCeva zogierTi 

msmeli, romelsac uzomo sma ar uyvars. magram ai ubedureba, es 

eSmakobebi xSirad gamoaSkaravdeboda Tamadis mier, da Tu er- 

Txel iqna SemCneuli romelime mxare msgavs eSmakobaSi, maSin


etyodnen: es aris salaxanoba, aramzadoba da iwyeba erTmaneTisaTvis 

paskvilebis gagzavna, Cxubi, dasaxiCreba, saqmis garCeva, 

Semdeg mSvidobianad morigdebodnen da dilamde qeifobdnen. mizani 

swored lxini da qeifia. ai, kidec gaTenda, stumarTa didi 

nawili ukve mTvralia gonebis dakargvamde. 

saqorwino lxinis jerovnad Catarebis Semdeg iwyeba Semdegi 

etapi saqorwino urTierTobisa — pirveli Rame. Rame, romelic 

xSir SemTxvevaSi gadamwyvetia momavali ojaxis Seqmna-ver- 

Seqmnis saqmeSi. Rame, romelic naTels hfens qalis ubiwobis sakiTxs. 

`pirveli RamisaTvis amaT awvenen magaTTvis sagangebod 

mowyobil calke binaSi, romelsac àmxara hqvia~, sadac imaT 

garda sxvas aravis uSveben. patarZlis dades da sxva qalebs didi 

xvewna sWirdebaT, daajeron patarZali — rogorme Sevides amxaraSi, 

bolos TiTqmis ZalaTi Seagdeben Sig~. 1 

meore dilas dedamTili Sedis amxaraSi Tavisi rZlis ubiwobis 

Sesamowmeblad, roca rwmundeba amaSi, iswrafvis, raTa 

axaros axloblebsa da mezoblebs sasiamovno ambavi. sul sxvagvarad 

trialdeba saqme, roca patarZali ubiwobas moklebuli 

Sedis ojaxSi. es misi mosvlis pirvel Rames mJRavndeba. siZe da 

misi ojaxi Tavs Seuracxyofilad Tvlis ~taxili~ rZlis miCeCebisaTvis. 

ùbiwoeba gasaTxovari qalisaTvis gaTxovebis umTavresi 

pirobaa, radgan jvardauwerlad sqesobrivi kavSiri sastikad 

akrZalulia da dasagmobia. qals ufleba aqvs ekuTvnodes 

Tavis sjulier meuRles da sxvas aravis~. 2 namusaxdil qals, rogorc 

wesi, gaTxovebis imedi dakarguli hqonda. korneli borozdini 

Tavis mogonebebSi erTgvar kuriozul SemTxvevas aRwers 

qorwilis pirveli Ramis Sesaxeb. saqme imaSi mdgomareobs, 

rom ara mxolod qalis ubiwobis Semowmeba xdeboda pirvel Rames, 

aramed mamakacis erTgvari Semowmebis formac iyo. Tu aRmoCndeboda, 

rom mamakacma ver Seasrula Tavisi col-qmruli 

movaleoba pirvel Rames, mas aranaklebi Sercxvena moeloda. 

namusaxdil qals Tu SeZlebuli ded-mama hyavda, mziTvis 

xaTriT SeaCeCebdnen vinme Rarib-Rataks, qonebaze daxarbebul 

maCanCalas an qvrivs, an moxucs miaTxovebdnen, namusaxdili qalis 

gaTxovebisas saqorwilo zeimi minimumamde daiyvaneboda: 

mayrebi an Zalian cota mihyveboda siZes an saerTodac ar mihyveboda, 

stumrebic Zalze cota iyvnen dapatiJebulni qorwilSi. 

qmars ganqorwinebis ufleba eZleoda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu coli 

Ralatobda mas, e.i. col-qmruli erTguleba darRveuli iyo qalis 

mxridan. ~Zvelis adaTiT qmars SeeZlo aramc Tu gayroda 

moRalate cols, aramed TviTonve asamarTlebda. istoriaSi 

1 T. saxokia. eTnografiuli nawerebi, gv. 103. 

2 

T. saxokia. eTnografiuli nawerebi, gv. 104. 

215


aris naambobi aseTi faqtis Sesaxeb, romelic momxdara XVII saukuneSi. 

levan dadianma brZana cxviri moeWraT misi orguli colisaTvis. 

afxazeTis mTavaris Tavad ServaSiZis qalisaTvis da 

am saxiT qali Tavis mamas gaugzavna~. 1 magram colisagan naRalatev 

qmars es ecotava da gadawyvita simamrzec Suri eZia. Sehyara 

jari, daeca mezobel afxazeTs da cecxliTa da maxviliT iavarhyo 

ramdenime sofeli. 

sul sxvagvarad aris saqme, roca qmari Tavis col-qmrul 

movaleobebs ver asrulebs, droebiTi an mudmivi sqesobrivi si- 

Zabunis dros qmrisa adaTi arafriT ar mfarvelobs qals. mas ar 

SeuZlia gamoTqvas ukmayofileba da verc qmars gaeyreba. rogorc 

T. saxokia miuTiTebs, mas isRa SeuZlia, rom dahkras fexi 

da mSoblebTan gaiqces. 

LALI GABISONIA 

SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF HISTORY 

OF THE GEORGIAN RIGHT 

The Georgian marriage and family laws has deep roots, it is the significant 

right branch in which the Georgian traditions, psychology, morals and legal 

culture are displayed. In the given article the history basic institutes of the Georgian 

marriage and family laws are considered. 

1 

T. saxokia. eTnografiuli nawerebi, gv. 105. 

216


jano wulukiZe 

Cuqebis Zveli qarTuli terminologia 

romaul samarTalSi Cuqebas donatio ewodeboda. Tanamedrove 

qarTulSi am mniSvnelobiT mtkicedaa damkvidrebuli terminebi: 

`Cuqeba~ da `naCuqroba~. ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba 

iyo Zveli qarTuli samarTlis da sazogado sityvaTa 

xmarebaSi. 

Tanamedrove `Cuqebis~, `naCuqrobis~ uZveles qarTul Sesatyviss 

`micema~, `niWi~ warmoadgenda. 

`micema~ mravalmniSvnelovani sityva iyo da miniWeba — Cuqebasac 

aRniSnavda. TviT saCuqari ki qarTul oTxTavSi `misacemelad~ 

da `sacemelad~ iwodeboda. rac Seexeba mCuqebels, mas 

Tamaris pirveli istorikosis TxzulebaSi (ìstoriani da azmani 

SaravandedTani~) `mimcemeli~ ewodeba. 1 

termini `micema~, `Cuqebis~ mniSvnelobiT ixmareba àmirandarejanianSi~. 

saCuqars am TxzulebaSic, iseve rogorc qarTul 

oTxTavSi, `misacemeli~ ewodeba: `viyveniT erTsa dResa Cvensa 

da meoresa maTsa da miscian erTmaneTsa misacemelni. nadimi 

gardavixadiT... mesamesa dResa dedoflisasa viyveniT da munca 

didi gvboZis~. 

saCuqari àmirandarejanianSi~ `mosacemelis~ formiTac 

gvxvdeba. erTgan, magaliTad, naTqvamia `... man kacman... pativ-mca 

didad da momca diadi mosacemeli da egre miTxra, viTa... ese Cemi 

saqoneli SenTvis... uSurveli iyos~. asevea gvianfeodaluri 

periodis ZeglSic (beri egnataSvilis àxali qarTlis cxovreba~): 

yaenma `gamouSuna baraTianni Sewyalebulni da uboZa mravali 

mosacemelni~. 

zemaRniSnulis analogiuri viTarebaa qarTuli sakanonmdeblo 

ZeglebSi. saxeldobr, `beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wigni~, 

Cuqebis naCuqrobis gamosaxatavad martooden `micemas~ xmarobs: 

`...kacman kacsa kargad da piriswylianad yofnisaTvis samoyvrod 

misces rame...~ (mux. 61). 

aRbuRa aTabag-amirsparsalaris samarTlis 85-e muxlidan 

Cans, rom igi saCuqars `misacemelisa~ da `micemulis~ saxelwodebiT 

icnobda: `Tu kacsa kacisada an patronisa kargad yolasa 

da sauravisaTvis qrTamad misces rame gina samamulo da gina sasaqonlo, 

da mas kide romelman gamouaros igi misacemeli, Txovasa 

da waRebasa aras emerTlebis~. samarTlis wignis II nusxis mixedviT 

ki: ìgi micemuli (`qrTami.... rame, gina mamuli~) uala- 

1 i. futkaraZe. qarTuli valdebulebiTi samarTlis institutebi. 

disertacia. Tb., 2001, gv. 37. 

217


los, Txovasa ara emarTlebis~. 

`micema~ `Cuqebis~ mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba vaxtang VI-is samarTlis 

wignSic. es Cans vaxtangis samarTlis 80-e muxlidan, 

romelSic vkiTxulobT: `sicocxleSi mamam romelmac Svils an 

iaraRi an saqoneli misces~ gayrisas ~erTimeores ver uxsenebs~. 

zemoaRniSnulis msgavsi viTarebaa berZnuli samarTlis 

qarTul versiaSi. aq `misacemeliT~ gadmocemulia berZnuli 

teqstis `saCuqari~ — `dorea he~, romelic, demosTenes mixedviT, 

rogorc iuridiuli termini mravlobiT ricxvSi naCuqrobasa 

da anderZsad gamoxatavda. 1 

Cuqebis, naCuqrobis aRsaniSnavad Zvel saqarTveloSi, rogorc 

ukve iTqva, termini `niWic~ ixmareboda. misi xmarebis ramdenime 

SemTxveva damowmebuli pirvelsave qarTul TariRian 

xelnawerSi — `sinur mravalTavSi~. `niWi~ saCuqris aRmniSvneli 

terminia qarTul oTxTavSi. aq `misacemeli~, `niWi~ da `sacemeli~ 

erTmaneTs enacvlebian, riTac aSkarad dasturdeba, rom 

isini tolfardi terminebia. 

wyaroebSi Cuqebis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba `niWeba~, `miniWeba~ 

da `moniWeba~. gaCuqebas aRniSnavda `ganiWeba~, xolo `momni- 

Webeli~, `mboZeblis~ mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda. 

yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba, rom vaxtang VI-is samar- 

Tlis wignTa krebulSi Sesuli sakanonmdeblo ZeglebisaTvis 

ucnobia termini `niWi~. misi Zirisagan nawarmoebi sityvebidan iq 

naxmaria martooden `saniWari~ da isic mxolod erTxel. beqa 

mandaturTuxucesis samarTlis wignis 34-e muxlis mixedviT 

`qorwilisa saniWari valia kacisagan kacsa zeda~. 

zemoaRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa iTqvas, rom 

vaxtang VI SezRuduli mniSvnelobiT warmoadgens `niWs~. `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

es termini mxolos erTxelaa damowmebuli. poemis 

TargmanSi vaxtangi imas ki swored ambobs, rom `niWi misacemelia~, 

magram, misi Sinaarsi viwrod aqvs gagebuli: `niWi misacemelia 

TeTrisa da farCisa~. `TeTri~ fulia, magram raaa `farCisa~. 

`farCa~ Tu `farCi~ saeWvoa, rom igulisxmebodes `farCi~, romelic 

Setanilia TargmanSi da axsnilia viTarca `saRvine~. rogorc 

ar unda iyos `niWis~ Sinaarsi mainc SezRuduli gamodis, 

rac TviT `vefxistyaosnis~ teqstidanac kargad Cans: `yovlgniT 

movides mefeni niWiTa mravalgvariT~. `niWi~ marto `TeTrisa da 

farCis~ ki ara, aramed ra ginda ra `misacemelis~ aRmniSvneli 

terminic iyo. 

termini `niWi~ iSviaTad gvxvdeba saerTo xasiaTis kerZo 

iuridiul dokumentSic. igi srulebiT ar ixmareba iseT iuridi- 

1 i. futkaraZe. qarTuli valdebulebiTi samarTlis institutebi, gv. 

42. 

218


ul ZeglSi, rogoricaa ioane bagrationis `sjuldeba~. 

daviT batoniSvilis samarTalSi CvenTvis saintereso sityvis 

xmarebis oriod SemTxvevaa damowmebuli (zmanuri formiT): 

`...moWirnaxulei mamulisa mis visdaca niWebies mebatonisagan 

misisa~. 1 aznaurobis wodeba ~aramc Tu mistaces mefeTa, aramed 

aniWesca~. 2 

gansaxilveli termini Taviseburi formiTaa 1263 wlis saeklesio 

krebis dadgenilebaSi: `...niWnimca mianiWeniT~, `niWi mieniWebis~. 

3 `niWis miniWeba~ igivea, rac dRevandeli gagebiT `sa- 

Cuqris Cuqeba~. 

sulxan-saba orbeliani qarTul leqsikonSi `niWs~ naCuqrobis 

xelSekrulebis subieqtTa socialur mdgomareobas ukav- 

Sirebs. misi ganmartebiT `niWi aris ufalTa mier saboZi~. aseT 

ganmartebas leqsikonis mxolod erTi — yvelaze adrindeli 

nusxa uWers mxars. nusxaTa umravlesobaSi ki niWi gansazRvrulia 

rogorc `saboZvari~, yovelgvari sxva axsna-ganmartebis gareSe. 

magram es saqmes ar cvlis, radgan, sabas ganmartebiTve, 

`saboZvari~ aris ùaResTagan misacemeli~. 

axla TviT `Cuqebis~ da `naCuqrobis~ Sesaxeb: 

rogorc irkveva `Cuqeba~ da misi Zirisgan nawarmoebi sityvebi, 

sazogadod, qarTul enaSi, kerZod ki sasamarTlo praqtikasa 

da samarTlebriv ZeglebSi SedarebiT gvian mkvidrdeba. yovel 

SemTxvevaSi, es termini ar gvxvdeba arcerT Cvens erovnul 

sakanonmdeblo ZeglSi, romlebic vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa 

krebulSia Tavmoyrili. 

sulxan-saba orbelianis `sityvis kona~ gviCvenebs, rom `Cuqeba~ 

da misi Ziris danarCeni sityvebi leqsikonis Sedgenis 

dros ar ixmareboda im mniSvnelobiT, rogorc dRevandel qar- 

TulSi. 

CvenTvis saintereso sityvaTa jgufs saba Tavisi leqsikonis 

ramdensame adgilas exeba: `Cuqebai ars stumars rai maspin- 

Zelman misces rame~. `sityvis konis~ zogierT xelnawerSi aseTi 

ganmartebaa: `...Cuqebad vityviT stumari ra gaistumrao maspin- 

Zlisa swori iyos, gina udaresi, anu gina udidesi maspinZlisa miersa 

misacemelsa~. 

amgvarad, sulxan-sabas leqsikonis Tanaxmad, Cuqeba saxeze 

gvaqvs maSin, roca maspinZeli stumars miscems rames. amasTan, 

stumris gacileba, maspinZliseuli misacemliT, Cuqebad iwode- 

1 

samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa. gamosca d. furcelaZem. Tb., 1964, 

gv. 76. 

2 

samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa, gv. 76. 

3 

qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi. t. III: saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi 

(XI-XIXss). teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. 

doliZem. Tb., 1970, gv.120. 

219

220 


ba stumar-maspinZlis socialur-wodebrivi mdgomareobisagan 

damoukideblad. am ukanasknel garemoebasTan dakavSirebiT, unda 

iTqvas, rom `sityvis konaSi~ araa daculi erTgavrovneba. 

saqme isaa, rom zemoTmoyvanil debulebas ar eTanxmeba termin 

`saCuqris~ sabaseuli ganmarteba. `saCuqari~, `sityvis konis~ mixedviT, 

aris Rveni. Taviseburad gansazRvravs saba `naCuqarsa~ 

da `naCuqebsac~. 

Tanamedrove qarTulSi `naCuqrebi~ igivea, rac `naCuqari~, 

xolo `naCuqari~ ki — `rac aCuqes, Cuqebuli~. maSasadame, `naCuqari~, 

`naCuqebi~ Cven gvesmis, rogorc nivTi, naCuqrobis sagani. 

sabas ganmarteba ki aseTia: `naCuqari — stumris misacem-waRebuli~, 

`naCuqebi~ — ~saCuqarwaRebuli~. TviT `waReba~ ki niSnavs 

`sxvagan gatanas~. 

amrigad, sabas ganmartebiT `naCuqebi~ is ki araa, rac aCuqes, 

aramed dasaCuqrebuli stumari, romelmac saCuqari gaitana 

Tu waiRo. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom sulxan-sabas leqsikonis 

erT xelnawerSi `naCuqari~ Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT (`minar- 

Tmevi~) aris gagebuli. 

yovelive zemoaRniSnuli imaze migvaniSnebs, rom Cuqeba da 

misi Zirisagan nawarmoebi sxva sityvebi im droisaTvis ar iyo 

mtkiced fexmokidebuli da farTod gavrcelebuli. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT, interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos is, 

rom `vefxistyaosanSi~, sadac ase xSiria qonebis usasyidlod sakuTrebad 

micema, `Cuqeba~ bedis sityvebi iSviaTia. aq mxolod 

`Cuqeba~ da `saCuqari~ gvxvdeba. rac mTavaria, maTi xmarebis martooden 

or-ori SemTxvevaa damowmebuli — 1. Cuqeba: siyvaruli 

da Cuqeba (15577,2) Cuqebisa ar mowyena (777,3); 2. saCuqari; didi 

saCuqaria (1456,2) fridon miscems saCuqarsa (1389,2). Tanac poemis 

zogierT Zvel (XVII-XVIIIss) xelnawerSi xsenebuli terminebi 

Seryvnili — `Cuqvebisa~ da `saCuqris~ saxiTaa warmodgenili, 

zogan ki `saCuqaria~ Secvlilia sityvebiT `sanukvaria~ da `saomaria~. 

vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulSi ~`Cuqeba~ mxolod 

ucxouri warmomadgenlobis or ZeglSi gvxvdeba. 

somxuri (siriuli-romauli) samarTlis qarTuli versiis 

117-e muxlSi laparakia imaze, `vinc ... misces ... CuqebiT sofeli 

anu sxva ra ginda~. berZnuli samarTlis 176-e muxli gaTvaliswinebulia 

im SemTxvevisaTvis, ukeTu vinmem àzatnaqmnari~ kedeli 

ìyidos, anu aCuqos visme, anu ziTvad gaatanos, gina sxvaze gamoscvalos~. 

`Cuqeba~ saqarTvelos Cveulebriv sjulSi, `sityvis konisagan~ 

gansxvavebiT, savsebiT Tanamedrove Sinaarsisaa da niSnavs 

Cuqebis gziT SeZenil raime nivTs, qonebas. `sjulnis~ 52-e 

muxlis mixedviT, `gayrisas dias, anu dedinacvals.... qmrisagan 

naCuqebis rac rom eqneboda, isini maTve miecemodaT~. 1785 wlis


axlo dros sabuTSi ki damowmebula `naCuqari~: ~erisTavisagan 

naCuqari xari da Zroxa~. 1 es meore forma, rogorc zemoT av- 

RniSneT, upiratesad miiCneva `qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~. 

termini `Cuqeba~ Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi institutis zogad 

saxed aris gamoyenebuli saqarTvelos 1997 wlis samoqalaqo 

kodeqsSi (mux. 529-530), rac, vfiqrobT, gamarTlebulad ver 

CaiTvleba. igi sruliad ver gamoxatavs aRniSnuli saxelSekrulebo 

urTierTobis Sinaars. ùqeba~ aris `saxeli aCuqebs zmnis 

moqmedebisa~, xolo àCuqebs~ niSnavs, rom àZlevs an miscems Tavis 

kuTvnils sxvas visme sakuTrebad~. am ganmartebaSi gamoyenebuli 

sityvebi àZlevs~ da `miscems~ mianiSneben, rom `Cuqeba~ 

mxolod mCuqeblis nebasa da mis moqmedebas gamoxatavs. xelSekrulebis 

orive mxares — mCuqebelsa da dasaCuqrebuls moicavs 

terminiT `naCuqroba~, romelic damkvidrebulia istoriul-iuridiul 

samecniero literaturaSi, saleqsikono gamocemebSi 

da gamoyenebulia saqarTvelos 1964 wlis samoqalaqo samar- 

Tlis kodeqsSi (muxli 268 `naCuqrobis xelSekruleba~; muxli 

269 `naCuqrobis xelSekrulebis forma~). moqmed samoqalaqo kodeqsSi 

zogadi terminis saxiT ~Cuqebis~ nacvlad swored ~naCuqroba~ 

unda yofiliyo gamoyenebuli. 2 

naCuqrobis terminTagan aRsaniSnavia agreTve `ZRveni~, 

`qrTami~ da `feSqaSi~. 

ZRvenis daniSnuleba is iyo, rom igi win miuZRoda kacs da 

saWiro adamianTan misasvleli gzis gamkvlev saSualebas warmoadgenda. 

sulxan-saba orbeliani ganmartebiT, `ZRveni~ aris 

`moyvareman moyvares anu sworman swors SoriT warugzavnos gina 

udaresman uaRress mieZRvnas, anu TviT miarTvas~. mxedvelobaSi 

unda viqonioT is, rom ZRvenisTvis damaxasiaTebelia nebis 

ormxrivi gamovlineba: sakmarisi araa martooden ZRvnoba, ZRvenis 

mirTmeva, saWiroa agreTve meore mxaris Tanxmoba, rom mii- 

Ros naZRvnevi. 

termini `qrTami~ wyaroebSi sxvadasxva gagebiT gvxvdeba. 

aRbuRas samarTlis wignis 85-e muxlis mixedviT, qrTami Cveulebrivi 

saCuqaria, romelic gaicema `kacisa da an patronis kargad 

yolisa da sauravisaTvis~. amrigad, aq `qrTami~ visime ke- 

Tilganwyobis mopovebisa da raime saqmis mogvarebisaTvis gacemuli 

saCuqris aRmniSvnelia. 

`qrTami~ samarTliT gansazRvrul gasamrjelosac warmoadgenda. 

aseTi `qrTami sigelisa~. 3 

1 i. doliZe. saqarTvelos CveulebiTi sjuli. Tb., 1960, gv. 90. 

2 i. futkaraZe. qarTuli valdebulebiTi samarTlis institutebi, gv. 

61. 

3 

qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi. t. III, gv.120. 

221

222 


`qrTami~ wyaroebSi, umeteswilad, swored gasakicxi da 

ukanono naZRvnevis gamomxatveli terminia. 

IX-XVIII saukuneTa qarTuli samarTlis wignebis SeswavliT 

dadginda, rom `qrTami~ araerTgvarovnad gamoiyeneboda. erTis 

mxriv originaluri (sakuTriv qarTuli), xolo meore mxriv, 

ucxouridan Targmnili (gadmoqarTulebuli) sakanonmdeblo 

aqtebSi. originalur kodeqsebSi terminiT ~qrTami orive mniSvnelobiT 

(rogorc akrZaluli, ise nebadarTuli saCuqris SinaarsiT) 

ixmareba. amis sapirispirod, ucxouri samarTlis qar- 

Tul versiebSi qrTami mxolod visime gamosasyidad gamiznul 

ukanono saCuqars gulisxmobs. 

rac Seexeba `feSqaSs~, igi sparsuli warmomavlobis terminia 

(`fiSkaS~) da qarTulad iuridiul aqtebSi gvianfeodalur 

periodSi mkvidrdeba saCuqar-misarTmevelis, ZRvenis mniSvnelobiT. 

`feSqaSi~ sulxan-saba orbelianis `qarTul leqsikonSi~ 

araa Setanili. `sityvis konis~ ucxour nawilSi ki `feSqaS~ moyvanilia 

`Cuqebis~ da ZRvenis Turqul Sesatyvisad. Cuqebis aseTsave 

wess Seicavs aRbuRas samarTalic. erTgvari gansxvaveba is 

iyo, rom saCuqari aq gaicemoda samagiero pativiscemis niSnad, 

viTarca garkveuli gasamrjelo `kargad yolis da sauravisaTvis~. 

amis Semdeg i. doliZe Cuqebis xelSekrulebas exeba uSualod 

misTvis saintereso kuTxiT, sanivTo samarTlis ZiriTadi 

institutis sakuTrebis uflebis SeZenis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod 

igi aRniSnavs, rom beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis mixedviT. `sa- 

Cuqris micema sakuTrebis uflebas warmoSobs. saCuqrad miRebul 

qonebaze samamulo qonebis saCuqrad micema mxolod mas SeeZlo, 

visac adgil-mamuli ekuTvnoda, mxolod miwis patrons 

hqonda sakuTari mamulis sxvaze gadacemis ufleba. cxadia, sakuTrebis 

am gziT warmoSobas adgili unda hqondes feodalTa 

klasis zeda fenis warmomadgenelTa Soris~. 

am ukanasknel debulebasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, 

rom Cuqebis gziT sakuTrebis uflebis SeZenas brunvidan gamouricxav 

yovelgvar qonebaze da maT Soris, samamulozedac uTuod 

hqonda adgili feodalTa klasis qveda subvasalitetsac vigulisxmebT, 

maSin agreTve Sua fenis warmomadgenelTa Soris. 

garda amisa, marTebuli ar iqneba feodaluri sazogadoebis sxva 

socialuri jgufebis wevrTa gamoricxva im orTa wridan, romelTac 

Tundac samamulo qonebaze SeeZloT sakuTrebis uflebis 

SeZena Cuqebis saSualebiT. sxva saqmea, Tu vis hqonda gaCuqebis 

ufleba, vin gamodioda maCuqeblis rolSi. TavisTavad cxadia, 

rom mCuqeblad feodaluri sazogadoebis yvelaze ufro 

SeZlebuli wris warmomadgenlebi gvevlinebian. 

metad mokled, aseve sakuTrebis uflebis warmoSobis sa-


kiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Seexo Cuqebas iv. surgulaZec. misi sityvebiT, 

amis `Sesaxeb vaxtangis samarTali TiTqmis arafers ambobs, 

magram Cuqeba, ueWvelad warmoadgenda sakuTrebis warmo- 

Sobis safuZvels, rogorc amaze migviTiTebs beqa-aRbuRas samarTali~. 

1 avtori imasac aRniSnavs, rom `beqa-aRbuRas samar- 

TliT naCuqebis ukan wamoReba mCuqebels saerTod ar SeuZlia~. 2 

gamonaklisia mxolod is SemTxveva, roca mxareebs Soris Cuqebis 

mizezi moispoba. 3 

gansaxilveli institutis zogierT mxareze msjelobs 

mkvlevari r. kluitmani naSromSi, romelic miuZRvna qarTuli 

valdebulebiTi samarTlis sakiTxebs vaxtang VI samarTlis wignis 

mixedviT. Cuqebas avtori exeba nasyidobisa da gacvlis xel- 

SekrulebebTan erTad. 4 mkvlevaric miuTiTebs, rom nasyidobisa 

da gacvlis monaTesave Cuqeba vaxtagis samarTlis wignSi ar warmoadgens 

specialuri ganxilvis sagans. es misi azriT, unda aixsnas 

imiT, rom Cuqebis instituti Tavisi umniSvnelobis gamo ar 

saWiroebs sagnebis sakanonmdeblo mowesrigebas, an rac ufro 

sarwmunoa, ZalaSi rCeboda adrindeli dadgenilebani: àRbuRas 

kanonSi gvxvdeba ori paragrafi, romelTa sagansac Cuqeba warmoadgens 

da albaT SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom saWiroebis Sem- 

TxvevaSi am kanons iyenebdnen~. 5 beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis 

am ori muxlis `ZiriTadi Sinaarsi Seexeba saCuqris ukan moTxovnis 

uflebas~. 6 orivegan TvalSi gvxvdeba mniSvneloba motivis, 

romelic amoZravebda mCuqebels Cuqebis dros. gaRaribebul 

mCuqebels ar SeuZlia naCuqebis ukan gamoTxova, magram maSinve 

warmoiSoba ukan dabrunebis ufleba, Tu `maTi megobruli urTierToba 

Sewyda kanonieri safuZvlis gareSe~. 7 

Cuqebis calkeuli kerZo sakiTxebi ganxilulia agreTve 

qarTuli samarTlis istoriis mkvlevarTa sxva naSromebSic. am 

1 

iv. surgulaZe. sakuTrebis uflebis instituti feodaluri 

saqarTvelos samarTlis Zeglebis mixedviT, — Tbilisis saxelmwifo 

universitetis Sromebi. t. XXXVIII. 1949, gv. 46. 

2 


saqarTvelos samarTlis Zeglebis mixedviT, gv. 46. 

3 


saqarTvelos samarTlis Zeglebis mixedviT, gv. 46. 

4 R. Kluitmann. Analyse des National-grusinischen Obligationenrechts im Kodex 

König Wachtangs VI. Stuttgart, 1908. 







223


rigis sakiTxTa Soris sakmaod sruladaa Seswavlili qorwinebasTan 

dakavSirebuli Cuqeba. 1 

saqorwino saCuqari, rogorc iuridiuli instituti, erTi 

kompetenturi mkvlevaris azriT, im formiT, rac mas iustinianes 

kanonmdeblobaSi gaaCnia, ara romauli, aramed aRmosavluri 

warmoSobisaa. marTalia, rom am instituts, gansakuTrebiT Tavisi 

ganviTarebis I stadiaze, aqvs zogierTi Sexebis wertili 

wminda romaul samarTalTan. 

miuTiTeben, rom donatio ante nuptia Tavis istoriul ganviTarebaSi 

gaJRneTilia ori sxvadasxva idea, magram TandaTan es 

idea adgils uTmobs meores, romlis gavleniTac donatio ante nuptia 

iqceva dos-is Sesabamis institutad. aseTi gardaqmna TandaTanobiT 

IV-V saukuneebSi moxda. 

imperator konstantines kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, Cuqeba 

namdvilia mxolod im SemTvevaSi, Tu qorwineba saxezea: saqorwino 

saCuqars axla Rebulobs ara sacole, aramed — coli. misi namdvilobac 

amieridan qorwinebasTanaa dakavSirebuli. konstantine 

imperatoris memkvidreobis kanonmdeblobiT, winasaqorwino 

saCuqari qals rCeba qmarTan cxovrebis dros. qalis gardacvalebis 

Semdeg donatio qalis memkvidreebze ki ar gadadis, aramed 

— qmars ubrundeba. 

imperator iustinianes reformatoruli RonisZiebebi winasaqorwino 

saCuqarsac Seexo. dadasturebul iqna, rom xsenebuli 

saCuqari eZleva ara sacoles an qvrivs, aramed — mxolod 

cols. amieridan Cuqeba unda momxdariyo qorwinebis dros da 

mas unda wodeboda donatio propter nuptia, ufro gvian, iustinianemde 

ewera, rom rogorc donatio propter nuptia, ise dos yovelTvis er- 

Tnairi odenobis yofiliyo. garda amisa, iustinianes sxva novelis 

mixedviT, saqorwino saCuqari Taviseburi xelSekrulebaa. 

TviT saCuqari ki — wesdeba propterdotem et propter nuptias. amasTanave, 

xsenebuli saCuqris micema patarZlisaTvis SeeZlo ara marto 

qmars, aramed mis mSoblebsac da naTesavebsac. saqorwino saCuqris 

obieqtad SeiZleba yofiliyo ara marto moZravi, aramed uZravi 

qonebac. mCuqebels SeeZlo eCuqebina mTeli nivTi an misi 

nawili res commun-idan. 

saTanado wyaroebis analizis Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, 

rom sanivTo uflebebidan mxolod sakuTrebis ufleba SeiZleba 

yofiliyo saqorwino saCuqris SesaZlo obieqti. saqorwino sa- 

Cuqrad SeiZleba iyos ara marto calkeuli nivTebi saqmros qonebidan, 

aramed mTeli misi qonebac. 

qmars SeeZlo saqorwino saCuqris saxiT gadaeca mTeli Ta- 

1 g. nadareiSvili. qarTuli saojaxo samarTlis istoriidan. Tb., 1965, 

gv. 39. 

224


visi qoneba colisTvis im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es pirveli qorwinebaa 

misTvis (igulisxmeba rom mas Svilebic ar hyavs wina qorwinebidan). 

aq kanonmdebeli mxedvelobaSi Rebulobda Svilebis interesebs. 

rogorc irkveva, colis mier qmrisaTvis motanili mziTvisa 

da qmris mxriv colisaTvis gadacemuli saqorwino saCuqris 

Tanabari odenobiT dawesebis Cveuleba imperator iustinianes 

kanonmdeblobamde arsebula imperiis aRmosavleT provincieb- 

Si. cnobili siriul-romauli samarTlis mixedviT, qalis mziTevi 

qmris saCuqars orjer aRemateba. 458w. ki dawesda rom saqorwino 

saCuqari Tavisi odenobiT meti ar unda iyos mziTevze. 

VI saukunisaTvis, rogorc patarZlis mamas evaleboda SvilisaTvis 

mziTvis micema, zustad, aseve, saqmros mamac valdebuli 

iyo rZlisaTvis saCuqari gaemarTa. saqorwino saCuqarze sakuTrebis 

ufleba cols ekuTvnoda. amave dros igi iyo saqorwino 

saCuqris mflobelic da mosargeblec. iustinianemde winasaqorwino 

saCuqari damokidebuli ar iyo mziTvisagan da ar ganisazRvreboda 

mziTvis odenobiT. orive maTgani cal-calke qonebriv 

maragad warmoidgineboda. 

mziTvisa da saqorwino saCuqris gaTanabrebis Sedegad Tu 

SeuZlebeli ara, sastikad Zneli mainc gaxda mdidrebsa da Raribebs 

Soris qorwineba. ra Tqma unda, RaribTa da mdabioTa wreeb- 

Si an cota odenobiT awesebdnen saqorwino saCuqars an sulac ar 

iwuxebdnen amisaTvis Tavs. es ukanaskneli kanoniT nebadarTuli 

iyo. 

iustinianemde mziTviani qalisaTvis daqorwineba rig araxelsayrel 

SedegebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. mziTevi qmris gankargulebaSi 

gadadioda da qali moklebuli iyo SesaZleblobas, 

qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi neba-survilisamebr ganego Tavisi mzi- 

Tevi. qalisaTvis gaTxovebidan gamomdinare, arasaxarbielo iuridiuli 

da faqtiuri mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT, dawesda 

iseTi saSualeba saqorwino saCuqris saxiT, romelic mxareTa 

mdgomareobas arsebiTad aTanabrebda. saqorwino saCuqari 

qalisaTvis iyo, misi mxriv, qmris gankargulebaSi gadacemuli 

mziTvis Sesabamisi qonebrivi eqvivalenti. 

rogorc iustinianes kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, aseve manamdec, 

orive zemoxsenebuli instituti erTimeoris gverdiT arsebobda. 

niSani inarCunebda Tavis Zvel mniSvnelobas. man SeinarCuna 

Tavisi xasiaTi rogorc xelSekrulebis damamtkicebeli saSualebis 

da jarimis, Seusrulebeli xelSekrulebisaTvis. saqorwino 

saCuqari ki darCa iseT Cuqebad, romelic ukve qorwinebis 

arsebobis pirobiT SeiZleboda mxolod momxdariyo. arc konstantines, 

arc iustinianes kanonmdeblobaSi niSani da saqorwino 

saCuqari erTimeores ar Serwymia. 

225


rogorc aRvniSneT saqorwino saCuqari colis sakuTrebaa. 

Svilebs xsenebul qonebriv masaze uflebebi eZlevaT mxolod 

dedis meored gaTxovebis SemTvevaSi. rogorc saqorwino saCuqari 

mesakuTres, qals, amave dros, ekuTvnis qorwinebis drois 

manZilze misi nayofic. 

Tu iustinianes kanonmdeblobas saqorwino saCuqris Sesaxeb 

SevadarebT erT-erT sakanonmdeblo Zeglis Sesabamis normebs, 

davinaxavT rom bizantiur samarTalSi meuRleTa Soris 

qonebrivi urTierTobebis regulirebis sferoSi axali, SedarebiT 

progresuli nabijebi gadaidga. saqorwino saCuqarma, rogorc 

iuridiulma institutma, Tavis dasrulebul saxes miaRwia. 

saqorwino saCuqari, mziTevTan erTad, TiTqos, raRac erT 

mTlians warmoadgens da mis iuridiul bunebasac iziarebs. er- 

Tic da meorec emsaxureba qorwinebis miznebs. 

colis iseTi qoneba, romelic mziTevi ar aris an qmris ise- 

Ti qoneba, romelic saqorwino saCuqari ar aris, Sesabamisad, Ti- 

Toeuli maTganis piradi sakuTrebaa. marTalia xsenebul sakanonmdeblo 

ZeglSiac bolomde araa dasrulebuli meuRleTa 

qonebis sruli Serwyma, magram in casso es ukve SeuZlebeli xdeba. 

kanonis mixedviT, mziTevi da saqorwino saCuqari qmris xelSi saqorwino 

cxovrebis miznebs emsaxureba da qorwinebis Sewyvetas- 

Tan erTad igi mziTevTan erTad cols ekuTvnis. 

yuradReba mivaqcioT niSans da piris sanaxavs. erTi SexedviT, 

mkiTxvels SeiZleba moeCvenos, rom qarTuli niSani ramdenadme 

bizantiuri saqorwino saCuqris analogiuria. rogorc bizantiur 

da romaul samarTalSi `niSani~ mamakacis mxriv saqorwino 

saCuqars (pirisanaxavi) ar Serwymia, `niSani~ aqac momavalSi 

saqorwino xelSekrulebis uzrunvelyofis saSualebaa da — ara 

saqorwino saCuqari. 

niSani da mziTevi qarTul sakanonmdeblo Zeglebsa da dokumentebSi 

ufro adre da xSirad ixsenieba, vidre — pirisanaxavi. 

pirisanaxavs ar axsenebs beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis wigni, giorgi 

brwyinvalis Zeglis dadeba, vaxtangis samarTlis wigni da 

sxv. cxadia es garemoeba im droisaTvis pirisanaxavis ararsebobaze 

miuTiTebs. maRali feodaluri sazogadoebis sinamdvileSi 

arsebobda da CveulebiTi samarTlis normebi regulirdeboda. 

226


JANO TSULUKIDZE 

ANCIENT GEORGIAN TERMINOLOGY OF DONATION 

The importance of civil Law for such countries as Georgia is extremely 

great. Cilvil Law is wealth making Law (civil Law is the law of making wealth.) 

It gives everybody opportunity, according their ability and skill to participale in 

making wealth and becoming rich themselves. 

A state won 7 be wealthy (rich) without a well-off society and vice versa 

a not well-to-do state (poor) will always have poor citizens. 

Institutes of Law obligation had essential significance in the history of civilized 

mankind, in lives of all people and states. In old days or in near past 

public government always paid great attention to the legislative regulation of 

this vital social sphere and such traditional attitude to the question has not changed 

in modern epoch. To illustrate this fact historically we may note here the 

book of Law by king Vakhtang VI and as for nowadays example _ Civil Code 

of 1997. 

Civil Law is based on conception to make private citizens regulate their 

relationships themselves. And it’s real and practical realization in Civil Law is 

agreement. (Conad Zweigert, Hein Kotz). Therefore Sen Henrimen’s words are 

so often quoted: “The movement of the society to progress is the movement 

from the social status to agreement”. 

The presented work deals with the historical development of donation. 

According to the Law of ancient Georgia This is a real agreement. It was a widely 

used act of property rights to buy or abolish. At first donation was a voluntary 

act, later it became obligatory procedure. 

227

228 

laSa gelantia 


saqarTvelos konstituciur sivrceSi 

afxazeTis gansakuTrebuli statusis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos konstituciis mesame muxlis Tanaxmad afxazeTis 

avtonomiuri respublikis statusi ganisazRvreba saqar- 

Tvelos konstituciuri kanoniT ~afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis 

statusis Sesaxeb~ (10.10.2002; #16/89). aRniSnuli kanoni 

dRemde miRebuli ar aris, magram am kanonis miRebis mizanSewoniloba 

calke Seswavlisa da ganxilvis sagania. 

18 welia gasuli afxazeTSi aqtiuri saomari moqmedebebis 

Sewyvetidan. am xnis manZilze araerTi mcdeloba ganxorcielda 

da Zalisxmeva daixarja konfliqtis daregulirebis mimarTulebiT, 

magram yoveli mcdeloba, iyo es Zalismieri Tu samSvidobo, 

uSedegod dasrulda. amasTan erTad, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

rom jer kidev Riad rCeba umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxi: rogor xedavs 

saqarTvelos xelisufleba qveynis momavali mowyobis models, 

ra meqanizmebiT iqneba uzrunvelyofili afxazeTis suvereniteti 

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi da saer- 

Tod, ra xarisxis suverenitetzea saubari. 

wlebis ganmavlobaSi araerTi modeli damuSavda afxazeTis 

momavali SesaZlo samarTlebrivi statusisa, xolo 2010 wlis- 

Tvis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikaSi gamoikveTa mkafio 

gezi konfliqtis mSvidobiani daregulirebis mimarTulebiT. 

swored konfliqtis mSvidobiani daregulirebis procesSia aucilebeli 

saxelmwifos mkafio da erTiani erovnuli xedvis arseboba 

afxazeTis samomavlo statusis Sersaxeb. 

dRevandel realobaSi, raoden samwuxaroc ar unda iyos, 

afxazeTSi saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis aRdgena afxazebis mier 

aRiqmeba rogorc uSualo safrTxe maTi eTnosis arsebobisaTvis. 

amdenad maTTvis gaugebaria, Tu ratom unda Tqvan Tundac 

de-iure arSemdgar da naklul damoukideblobaze, saqarTvelos 

SemadgenlobaSi bundovani momavlis sasargeblod. im SemTxveva- 

Si, Tu qarTuli mxare SesTavazebs afxazeTs misi uflebebisa da 

suverenitetis dacvis realur konstituciur garantiebs da meqanizmebs 

erTiani saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi, gaCndeba uTuo 

arCevani, Tu ra aris ukeTesi: araRiarebuli damoukidebloba da 

gaurkveveli momavlis SiSi, Tu saqarTvelos erTian kostituciur 

sivrceSi dabruneba da aqedan gamomdinare yvela pozitiuri 

Sedegebi. 

marTalia 2008 wels ruseTma afxazeTis damoukidebloba 

aRiara, magram man amiT uxeSad daarRvia gaeros wesdebis moTxovnebi, 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebis Sesaxeb 1970 wlis 

deklaracia, 1975 wlis helsinkis daskvniTi aqtisa da sxva saer-


TaSorios dokumentebis moTxovnebi. aRniSnul darRvevebs afxazebic 

kargad acnobiereben da xedaven, rom maTTvis saerTaSoriso 

asparezze gasvla kvlavac SeuZlebelia. 

afxazeTis statusze da konfliqtis dareguilirebaze saubrisas 

pirvel rigSi yovel qarTvels uCdeba ruseTis - rogorc 

dampyorblis asociacia da warmogvidgeba rogorc aRmar- 

Tuli gadaulaxavi kedeli qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris. magram 

nu dagvaviwydeba, rom ruseTs ar SeuZlia megobroba-partnioroba, 

mas mxolod baton-ymuri urTierToba SeuZlia, afxazebi 

rac dro gadis sul ufro xvdebian amas, da ruseTisadmi 

aseTi ganwyoba sul ufro da ufro gaRrmavdeba, swored am 

dros Cvenganaa saWiro alternativis SeTavazeba. 

paradoqsulia magram, dReisaTvis ar arsebobs swored alternativa, 

afxazTa da qarTvelTa Tanacxovrebis modeli, orive 

mxaris uflebebis damcavi meqanizmebi da garantiebi. 

Cveni umTavresi mizania teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena 

da devnili mosaxleobis dabruneba, xolo afxaz xalxs surs 

TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba, socialuri, politikuri, kulturuli 

ganviTarebisTvis garantiebis miReba da amisaTvis faqtobriv, 

aralegitimur suverenitetsac flobs. gamomdinare aRniSnulidan, 

swored afxazi da qarTveli xalxis miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT 

aucilebelia iseTi Sualedis moZebna, romelic gaiTvaliswinebs 

orive mxaris interesebs. 

saerTaSoriso-samarTlebriv sivrceSi problemis gatana, 

mxolod imis moTxovniT, rom unda aRdges saqarTvelos teritoriuli 

mTlianoba, Sedegis momtani ver iqneba. aucilebelia 

sakiTxis siRrmiseuli Seswavla-gamokvleva, saerTaSoriso 

praqtikis, saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis 

da geopolitikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT SevTavazoT 

pirvel rigSi afxaz xalxs da msoflios, qarTvelTa da afxazTa 

Tanacxorebis modelis ZiriTadi principebi da garantiebi. 

TviTaRiarebuli e.i. araRiarebuli ~respublikebi” Tanamedrove 

msoflio politikuri ruqisTvis Cveulebrivi movlenaa. 

araRiarebuli respublikebi es aris politikur-teritoriuli, 

saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi atributikebis 

matarebeli warmonaqmnebi, romelsac axasiaTebs faqtobrivi 

suvereniteti, magram suvereniteti ar aris saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivad 

legitimirebuli. araRiarebuli respublikebi 

zogadad moklebuli arian SesaZleblobas aRiarebul iqnan damoukidebel 

saxelmwifoebad da monawileoba miiRon saxelmwifoTaSoriso 

da saerTaSoriso-samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi. 

araRiarebuli respublikebis udidesi umravlesobas aqvs pretenzia 

sxva saxelmwifoebma aRiaron maTi suvereniteti. 

Tanamedrove msoflioSi araRiarebuli respublikebi maga- 

229

230 


liTebia: 

taivani (Taiwan) — kunZuli materikuli CineTis maxloblad. 

de-faqto suverenuli qveyana, Tumca mas ar aRiarebs Cine- 

Ti da qveynebis umravlesoba. gamoeyo CineTs 1949 wlidan. 

Tamil elami (Tamil Elam) — TviTaRiarebuli saxelmwifo, 

Sri-lankis saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivad aRiarebul sazRvrebSi. 

Tamil eelami arcerTi saxelmwifos mier araris aRiarebuli. 

dRemde periodulad meordeba SeiaraRebuli Setakebebi 

Sri-lankis centralur mTavrobasa da teritoriul dajgufeba 

“Tamilis vefxvebs” Soris. “Tamil eelamis ganTavisuflebi vefxvebi” 

1976 wlidan ibrZvis damoukidebeli saxelmwifos SeqmnisaTvis. 

CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respublika (Turkish Republic 

of Northern Cyprus /TRNC/) — qveyana, romelsac kunZuli kviprosis 

CrdiloeTi mesamedi uWiravs. CrdiloeT kviprosi danar- 

Ceni kviprosisagan gamoyofilia buferuli zoniT. 

1963 wels reaqciulma Zalebma gamoiwvies SeiaraRebuli Setakeba 

berZnul da Turqul Temebs Soris. 1974 wels kunZulis 

CrdiloeTSi TurqeTma gadmosxa Tavisi SeiaraRebuli Zalebi da 

moaxdina misi okupacia, sadac mogvianebiT (1983 wels) gamocxadebul 

iqna “CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respublika. es iyo 

reacia im Zalebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic cdilobdnen kviprosis 

mierTebas saberZneTisaTvis. gaeros egidiT 1988 wels daiwyo 

molaparakebebis procesi qveynis momavali gaerTianebisTvis, 

romelic dRemde uSedegod vrceldeba. TurqeTi erTaderTi 

qveyanaa, romelmac CrdiloeTi kviprosi cno. 

2004 wels CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respublika, rogorc 

kviprosis respublikis Semadgeneli nawili Sevida evrokavSiris 

SemadgenlobaSi. 

kosovo — oficialuri saxeli serbeTis konstituciis mixedviT 

kosovosa da metoxias avtonomiuri mxare, oficialuri 

saxelwodeba TviTaRiarebuli parlamentis mixedviT kosovos 

respublika. regioni mdebareobs balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze. 

1990 wels serbeTis respublikis prezidentma, Slobodan milo- 

SeviCma kosovos avtonomiuri uflebebi Sekveca. avtonomias 

serbeTis polici da Sinagani jari akontrolebda. miuxedavad 

amisa, 1991-1992 wlebSi kosovoelma albanelebma moaxerxes referendumisa 

da saprezidento arCevnebis Catareba. maT damoukideblobas 

misces xma. kosovos damoukidebloba 2008 wels aRiara 

aSS-m da evrokavSiris qveynebis umravlesobam. 

erayis qurTistani — dadgenilia, rom 1988 wels qveynis 

SigniT erayma qurTebis winaaRmdeg gamoiyena qimiuri iaraRi. am 

da sxva omebis gamo, 1991 wels gaerom erayis mimarT saerTaSoriso 

sanqciebi daawesa. erayis CrdiloeTsa da samxreTSi Seiqmna


daxuruli zonebi. CrdiloeTis daxurul zonaSi qurTebma avtonomiuri 

regioni Seqmnes, romelic faqtobrivad damoukidebel 

saxelmwifod gamodioda (1991-1993 wlebi). regionis erayid 

SemadgenlobaSi dabruneba moxerxda mxolod saerTaSoriso koaliciuri 

Zalebis mier unitaruli erayis ganadgurebiT, da 

qveynis politikaSi da konstituciaSi seriozulis cvlilebebis 

gatarebis Semdeg. 

mTiani yarabaRis respublika — de-faqto damoukidebeli, 

araRiarebuli saxelmwifo zerbaijanis saerTaSoriso samar- 

Tlebrivad aRiarebul sazRvrebSi, romelmac Tavi damoukideblad 

gamoacxada 1991 wlis 2 seqtembers. misi damoukidebloba 

arc erT saxelmwifos ar uRiarebia. 

dnestrispireTis moldovuri respublika — slavurma 

mosaxleobam 1991 wels gamoacxada damoukidebloba dam is statusze 

dRemde mimdinareobs molaparakeba. 

samxreT oseTis respublika — separatistulma Zalebma 

1990 wels damoukidebloba gamoacxades saxelwodebiT — `samxreT 

oseTis sabWoT demokratiuli respublika~, ramac 1991- 

1992 wlebSi saomari moqmedebebi gamoiwvia. 2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos 

omis Semdeg ruseTis federaciam, nikaraguam, venesuelam 

da naurum aRiares “samxreT oseTis respublikis” damoukidebloba. 

2008 wlis agvistodan dRemde regionis mTel teritorias 

akontrolebs ruseTis saokupacio armia. 

saerTaSoris praqtikidan gamomdinare calsaxad Cans, rom 

sisxlisRvrisa da SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis ganaxlebis Tavidan 

acilebis mizniT, saerTaSoriso Zalebi mxars uWeren status 

qvos da araRirebul respublikebs aZleven SesaZleblobas 

monawileoba miiRon ormxriv molaparakebebSi da mxolod im 

mizniT, rom mSvidobiani gziT gadawydes problema. 

amas xels uwyobs is garemoebac, rom saerTaSoriso samar- 

Tali awydeba saerTaSoriso samarTlebrv kolizias. TviTgamorkvevis 

ufleba ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis sxva 

fundamentur principebs, kerZod, saxelmwifo suverenitets, da 

gansakuTrebiT, saxelmwifos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRiarebul 

principebs. amitom konfliqtebis mogvarebis procesi xangrZlivad 

Wianurdeba droSi. 

xSirad midis saubari kosovos aRiarebis magaliTze, TiTqos 

iqmneba safrTxe precendentisa TviTgamocxadebuli, separatistuli 

respublikebis aRiarebisTvis. magram, kosovos Sem- 

TxvevaSi teritoriuli mTlianobis princips daupirispirda 

adamianis ZiRiTadi uflebebi. kosovos aRiarebis ZiriTadi safuZveli 

gaxda serbeTis mxridan kosovoel albanelTa eTnowmenda 

da omis ganaxleba. 90% albanelebiT dasaxlebuli kosovosa 

da serbeTis Semdgomi Tanaarseboba SeuZlebeli iqneboda, 

231

232 


radgan maTi Semdgomi Tanaarseboba erT samarTlebriv da politikur 

sivrceSi gamoiwvevda adamianis uflebaTa masobriv dar- 

Rvevebs, sisxlisRvras da SeiaraRebul dapirispirebebs. 

Cvens SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania arsebobs Tu ara msoflio 

praqtikaSi separatistuli konfliqtebis mSvidobiani gadaWris 

magaliTebi da ra saxis politikur-samarTlebriv wanam- 

ZRvrebi daedo safuZvlad konfliqtis mogvarebas, ra statusiT 

moxda maTi dabruneba ZiriTad saxelmwifoebSi. msoflio 

praqtikaSi aseTi magaliTebi gvaqvs da maT SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT: 

gagauzia, gagauz-heri — miuxedavad 1990-1994 wlebSi faqtobrivi 

damouikideblobisa, dabrunda moldovis SemadgnelobaSi 

rogorc avtonomiuri warmonaqmni. aseve erayis qurTistani 

- erayis SemadgenlobaSi dabruneba moxerxda mxolod gareSe Zalebis 

CareviT da qveynis politikaSi da konstituciaSi fundamenturi 

cvlilebebis gatarebis Semdeg. samxreT tiroli — italiis 

SemadgenlobaSi dasarCenaT gaimarT araerTi molaparakeba 

da italiis politikuri da samarTlebriv daTmobebze mouwia 

wasvla. 

samive SemTxvevaSi teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena moxerxda 

ZiriTadi saxelmwifos politikaSi da konstituciaSi 

radikaluri reformebis ganxorcxielebis Semdeg. am cvlilebebis 

Sinaarsi mdgomareobda SemdegSi, separatistuli araRiarebuli 

saxelmwifos integrireba momxdariyo ZiriTad saxelmwifoSi, 

imgvarad rom am ukanasknelis aralegitimuri suvereniteti 

minimalurad SezRuduliyo, xolo kulturul da socialur 

sferoSi mieRo damatebTi garantiebi. 

Cvens SemTxvevaSi, afxazeTis statusze saubrisas aucileblad 

unda gadaixedos teritoriuli mTlianobisadmi Cveneuli 

xedva da ar unda SemovifargloT saxelmwofos administraciul 

teritoriuli mowyofis arsebuli standartebiT. 

teritoriuli mTlianoba: ar unda iqnes gagebuli mxolod 

mdagvarad, rom afxazeTi saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi isaxebodes 

wminda avtonomiis saxiT, qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba da 

teritoriuli mTlianoba SesaZlebelia uzrunvelyofili iqnes 

Tnasworuflebian subieqtTa partniorobis saxiT, sadac arc 

erT subieqts secessi ufleba ar eqneba. 

aucileblad unda gadaixedos afxazeTisadmi saqarTvelos 

politikuri da konstituciur-samarTlebrivi midgoma, radgan 

konfliqtis warmoSobis safuZveli ar yofila mxolod gare Zalebis 

Careva, aramed imJamindeli xelisuflebis politikuri 

damokidebuleba afxazeTis mimarT da kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli 

xarvezebi. raSic dResac ar SeimCneva Zireuli cvlilbebi. 

afxazeTid statusis gansakuTrebulobas safuZvlad unda


daedos, is rom eTnikurad afxazi ganxilul iqnes ara rogorc 

umciresoba, aramed rogorc saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Camomyalibebeli 

erT-erTi eri. 

am etapze erT-erT mniSvnelovan aspeqts warmoadgens is, 

rom ganaxldes molaparakebis procesi. dRevandel realobaSi, 

amis SesaZleblobas mogvcems mxolod gareSe Zalebis zewola da 

Zalisxmeva. da swored saerTaSoriso Zalebma da saerTaSoriso 

sazogadoebam unda dainaxos Cveni mxridan mzaoba afxazebTan 

Tanacxorebisa. yovelive amisTvis, pirvel rigSi unda gadaiWras 

qveynis teritoriul-saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis sakiTxi. 

saqarTvelos momavali teritoriul-saxelmwifoebrivi 

mowyobis gansazRvrisas upirveles yovlisa unda gaviTvaliswinoT 

saqarTvelos konstituciis Sesabamisi debulebebi, dRevandeli 

realoba, Cveni qveynis istoriuli, politikuri, samar- 

Tlebrivi, kulturuli da ekonomikuri Taviseburebebi, agreTve 

federaciuli da unitaruli decentralizebuli saxelmwifoebis 

gamocdileba. 

afxazeTis statusis ganmsazRvrel, dRemde arsebul koncefciebSi 

ZiriTadad saubaria afxazeTis farTo avtonomiaze 

da zogierT sxva SemTxvevebSi afxazeTis statusi konfederaciis 

subieqtis statussac ki uaxlovdeba. saerTaSorios organizaciebic 

mxars uWeren imas, rom minimalurad SeizRudos araRiarebuli 

respublikis arsebuli politikuri da samarTlebrivi 

mdgomareoba, da misi suverenulobis minimaluri SezRudviT 

moxdes integrireba erTian saxelmwifoSi. miudedavad imisa Tu 

ramdenad farTo uflebamosilebebiT moxdeba afxazeTis integracia 

erTian saxelmwifoSi, ucvlel pirobaT unda darCes er- 

Tiani saqarTvelos Semadgenel subieqtTa secesiis uflebis akrZalva. 

aqve aRniSvnis Rirsia saqarTvelos konstituciis me-8 muxli, 

romlis Tanaxmadac saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qar- 

Tuli, xolo afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi agreTve-afxazuri. 

konstituciis am muxlis praqtikuli realizeba SesaZlebelia 

serTificirebis sistemis SemoRebiT. kerZod, afxazeT- 

Si sajaro moxeled piri samsaxurSi ar miiReba, Tu ar waradgens 

orive enis codnis damadasturebel sertifikats, xolo Tanamdebobriv 

zrdasTan erTad piri valdebulia waradginos qarTuli 

da afxazuri enebis flobis ufro maRali donis serTifikati. 

sakanonmdeblo da sxva kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi 

unda gamoices orive enaze, gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebelia 

individulaur-samarTlebrivi aqti gamoices erT enaze, 

misi adresatis Sesabamisad. 

enobrivi serTificirebis moTxovna SeiZleba gavrccel- 

233


des agreTve kerZo-sajaro iuridiul pirebze da sabanko sistemazec. 

valutasTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli nabijebis gadadgma 

dResac SesaZlebelia. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom erTian saxelmwifoSi 

moiazreba afxazeTi, xolo lari mimoqcevaSia mTels saqarTveloSi, 

amitom erovnuli bankis gadawyvetilebiT, SesaZlebelia 

gamoices kupiurebi, romelsac qarTul warwerasTan 

erTad eqneba afxazuri warwera. kupiuraze SeiZleba gamosaxul 

iqnas afxazuri simbolikac ki. 

afxazebs aqvT SiSi, rom devnilTa dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi 

aRmoCdebian umciresobaSi. amitom afxazeTSi mcxovrebma mosaxleobam 

unda isargeblos afxazeTis moqalaqeobiT anu is xalxi 

visac mudmivi sacovrebeli eqneba afxazeTSi iqnebian afxazeTis 

moqalaqeebi da mxolod maT eqnebaT arCevnebSi monawileobis 

ufleba. 

SeiZleba visaubroT am da sxva sakiTxebze ufro ganvrcobiT 

da detalebSi, magram mTavaria is, rom arsebuli realiebidan 

gamomdinare SesaZlebelia Seicvalos ara mxolod afxaze- 

Tis statusi, aramed saqarTvelos saxelmwifo formac. 

afxazeTisTvis garantiebisa da farTo uflebamosilebis 

miniWeba politikurad gardaqmnis mas “saxelmwifod”, xolo am 

SemTxvevaSi erTiani saqarTvelo gardaiqmneba “Sedgenil saxelmwifod”. 

LASHA GELANTIA 

THE PARTICULAR STATUS OF ABKHAZIA WITHIN 

GEORGIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SPHERE 

In the article “The particular status of Abkhazia within Georgian constitutional 

sphere” the focus of discussion is the actuality of the theme about the future 

political and legal status of the country . 

There are given some examples of non-recognized (de facto) republics 

(Iraqi Kurdistan) considered precedents of resolving problems peacefully, rapidly 

approaching the main task. Judging from this we can see one characterizing 

sign that is common for these three conflicts. 

Fundamental aspects and principles of Abkhazias’s future legal status 

such as establishment of the territorial state, administrative divisions, basic principles 

of formation organs of supreme authority, unified national currency and 

language are described in the end of the article. 

234


qarTlos fridonaSvili 

saxalxo damcvelis uflebamosilebani 

saqarTvelosa da sazRvargareTis qveynebSi 

s a q a r T v e l o 

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis kompetenciasTan dakavSirebiT 

unda aRiniSnos, rom saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb kanonis 

meTormete muxlis Tanaxmad, ombudsmens ufleba eZleva damouikideblad 

anu moqalaqeTa gancxadebebisa da saCivris gareSec 

Seamowmos adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareoba, 

maTi darRvevis faqtebi. es ki imas niSnavs, rom saqar- 

TveloSi ombudsmenis saqmianoba fakultaturuli xasiaTisaa. 

saxalxo damcvelis ganxilvis sagans warmoadgens saqar- 

Tvelos moqalaqeTa, saqarTvelos teritoriaze droebiT an 

mudmivad myof ucxoelTa da moqalaqeobis armqone pirTa, arasamTavrobo 

organizaciaTa gacxadebebi da saCivrebi, romlebic 

exeba saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis 

organoTa, saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo organizaciaTa, 

dawesebulebaTa, sawarmoTa, Tanamdebobebisa da iuridiul pir- 

Ta qmedobebs an maT aqtebs saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da kanoniT 

dadgenil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa, agreTve im saer- 

TaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT dadgenil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa 

darRvevebis Sesaxeb, romelTa monawilec aris saqarTvelo. 

gancxadebasa da saCivars saxalxo damcveli ganixilavs 

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganmcxadebeli sadavod xdis aRniSnul 

sakiTxebze miRebul zemdgom organos, administraciuli 

organos an sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, 

da rodesac gancxadeba an saCivari exeba sakiTxis ganxilvis 

dros adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevas. saqar- 

Tvelos saxalxo damcvels ufleba aqvs ar ganixilos gancxadeba 

an saCivari, romlis Taobazec mas miRebuli hqonda gadawyvetileba, 

Tu ar warmoiqmna axali garemoebani. saxalxo damcvelis 

mier gancxadebebisa da saCivris ganxilva ar abrkolebs analogiuri 

gancxadebis an saCivris ganxilvas Sesabamis saerTaSoriso 

organizaciaSi. niSandoblivia is garemoebac, rom dakavebis 

winaswari patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sxva adgilebSi 

myof pirTa mier saqarTvelos ombudsmenisadmi gagzavnili 

gancxadebebi, saCivrebi da werilebi konfidencialuria, ma- 

Ti gaxsna da cenzura akrZalulia, isini dauyovnebliv unda gadaeces 

saxalxo damcvels. 

saqarTvelos ombudsmens Semowmebis Catarebisas ufleba 

aqvs: 

235


a) daubrkoleblad Sevides saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da 

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis nebismier organoSi, 

sawarmoSi, organizaciasa da dawesebulebaSi, maT Soris 

samxedro qvedanayofSi, dakavebis, winaswari patimrobisa 

da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis adgilebSi; 

b) mosTxovos da miiRos saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da adgilobrivi 

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, saxelmwifo 

da arsaxelmwifo sawarmoebis, organizaciebisa da dawesebulebebisagan, 

agreTve Tanamdebobis da iuridiuli 

pirisagan SemowmebisaTvis aucilebeli yvela cnoba, sabuTi 

da sxva masala; 

g) miiRos axsna-ganmarteba gamosakvlev sakiTxebze nebismieri 

Tanamdebobis pirisagan; 

d) saxelmwifo an arasaxelmwifo dawesebulebebis meSveobiT 

Caataros saeqsperto gamokvlevebi da moamzados 

daskvnebi, moiwvios specialistebi saeqsporto da sakonsultacio 

samuSaoTa Sesasruleblad; 

e) gaecnos sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo da administraciul 

saqmeebs, romelTa Taobaze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebic 

kanonier ZalaSia Sesuli. 

Semowmebis Sedegebis mixedviT saxalxo damcveli uflebamosilia: 

a) adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa uzrunvelyofis 

mizniT winadadebebi warudginos parlaments kanonmdeblobis 

srulyofis Sesaxeb; 

b) adamianis darRveul uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa aRsadgenad 

rekomendaciebi gaugzavnos im saxelmwifo organos, 

Tanamdebobis an iuridiul pirs, romlis moqmedebamac 

gamoiwvia adamianis uflebaTa darRveva; 

g) danaSaulis niSnebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi mis xelT 

arsebuli masalebi gadasces Sesabamis organoebs sisxlis 

samarTlis saqmis aRZvris rekomendaciiT; 

d) Seitanos winadadebebi Sesabamis organoebSi im pirTa 

disciplinaruli an administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis 

Sesaxeb, romelTa moqmedebamac gamoiwvia adamianis uflebaTa 

da TavisuflebaTa darRveva; 

e) rekomendaciiT mimarTos Sesabamis sasamarTlo instancias 

ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis 

Semowmebis Taobaze, Tuki Semowmebis Sedegad 

miiCnevs, rom sasamarTlo warmoebis procesSi adamianis 

uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevas SeeZlo arsebi- 

Tad emoqmeda sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis miRebaze; 

v) acnobos masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs adamianis 

uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevasTan dakavSire- 

236


biT Catarebuli Semowmebis Sedegebi; 

z) Semowmebis Sedegebis safuZvelze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi 

gamoaqveynos specialur moxsenebebsa da yovelwliur 

angariSebSi; 

T) werilobiT mimarTos saqarTvelos prezidents da moxsenebiT 

warsdges saqarTvelos parlamentis winaSe adamianis 

uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa uxeS da, an masobriv 

darRvevaTa SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mis gankargulebaSi arsebuli 

reagirebis saSualebebi arasakmarisi iqneba; 

i) konstituciuri sarCeliT mimarTos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos, 

Tu amomrCevelTa moTxovnis miuxedavd ar 

dainiSna referendumi; Tu miiCnevs, rom referendumis 

Catareba ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 74- 

e muxlis meore punqtis moTxovnebs, an Tu normatiuli 

aqtiT an misi calkeuli normebiT darRveulia saqar- 

Tvelos konstituciis meore TavSi aRiarebuli adamianis 

uflebani da Tavisuflebani; 

k) gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi mimarTos saqarTvelos parlaments 

adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevis 

faqtTan dakavSirebiT parlamentis droebiTi sagamoZiebo 

komisiis Seqmnisa da saqarTvelos parlamentis 

mier sakiTxis ganxilvis moTxovniT. 

kalendaruli wlis damTavrebidan ara ugvianes sami Tvisa, 

saxalxo damcveli parlaments warudgens angariSs qveyanaSi adamianis 

uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 

sadac miTiTebuli unda iyos saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da 

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi, 

romelnic arRveven adamianis uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs 

da ar iTvaliswineben saxalxo damcvelis rekomendaciebs 

am uflebaTa aRdgenis RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT. amas garda, 

wliuri angariSi unda Seicavdes qveyanaSi adamianis uflebaTa 

da TavisuflebaTa uzrunvelyofis zogad Sefasebebs, daskvnebsa 

da rekomendaciebs. 

S v e d e T i 

SvedeTis riqsdagis (parlamentis) ombudsmenebi axorcieleben 

kontrols imaze, rom saxelmwifo moxeleebma da Tanamdebobis 

pirebma, romelTac TavianTi funqciebis Sesrulebaze 

sruli pasuxismgebloba akisriaT, movaleobaTa SesrulebasTan 

erTad daicvan kanonebi da sxva gankargulebani. ombudsmenTa 

saqmianoba aseve mimarTuli unda iyos kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli 

xarvezebis Sevsebisaken da samarTlis calsaxad da droulad 

gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofisaken. 

kerZo bralmdeblebis saxiT ombudsmenebs ufleba aqvT 

237

238 


zedamxedvelobis qveS myof pirs an organos warudginon braldeba 

maT mier sakuTar movaleobaTa Sesrulebisas kanonis an 

sxva gankargulebis darRvevisaTvis, an am movaleobisadmi gulgrili 

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. Tu SesaZlebelia qmedebaTa aRkveTa 

disciplinaruli wesiT, ombudsmenebs SeuZliaT Sesabamisi 

SuamdgomlobiT mimarTon xelisuflebis organos, romelsac 

disciplinaruli sasjelis dakisrebis ufleba aqvs. 

sakontrolo saqmianobis dros gankargulebebSi cvlilebebis 

Setanis an saxelmwifos mxridan sxva zomebis miRebis aucileblobis 

wamoWrisas ombudsmenebs SeuZliaT Sesabamisi winadadebebiT 

mimarTon riqsdags an mis samefo udidebulesobas. 

ombudsmenebi valdebulni arian yovelwliurad sesiis win 

riqsdags warudginon moxseneba gaweuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. es 

moxsenebebi warmoadgenen ganvlili kalendaruli wlis angariSs 

da unda Seicavdnen gatarebuli zomebis da yvela im RonisZiebis 

CamonaTvals, romelnic exeba maTi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebas. 

ombudsmenTa kompetencias miekuTvneba agreTve zedamxedveloba 

im gankargulebaTa Sesrulebaze, romlebic exeba Tavisuflebis 

administraciuli aRkveTis, presis da oficialuri 

dokumentebis gamoqveynebis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebs, xolo ombudsmenis 

kompetenciaSi romelic Tavdacvis administracias 

akontrolebs — Sedis zedamxedveloba armiis marTvasa da pirad 

SemadgenlobasTan muSaobis sakiTxebze. 

SvedeTis ombudsmenebi valdebulni arian Caerion, rodesac 

safrTxe emuqreba kerZo pirTa samarTlebriv usafrTxoebas, 

an Tanamdebobis pirebis gulgrili damokidebulebisas samsaxurebrivi 

movaleobebisadmi, rac gamowveulia piradi angarebiT, 

mikerZoebiT an aSkara arakeTilsindisierebiT. adgilebze 

saqmianobis zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisas ombudsmenebma 

unda gaiTvaliswinon adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organo- 

Ta muSaobis Taviseburebani da TavianTi CareviT umizezod ar 

gaarTulon sazogadoebrivi cxovreba. 

SvedeTis ombudsmenebs evalebaT gamoZiebis warmarTva, 

romelic aucilebelia saCivrebisa da sxva saqmeTa gansaxilvelad. 

saxelmwifo organoebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi valdebulni 

arian ombudsmenebis Txovnis sapasuxod miawodon informacia 

da aRmouCinon daxmareba. ombudsmenebs informaciisa da ganmartebaTa 

misaRebad moTxovnis mxardaWeris mizniT miniWebuli 

aqvT aTas kronamde jarimis dakisrebis ufleba. amgvari jarimis 

gadaxdevineba SeiZleba moxdes mxolod saxalxo damcvelis 

moTxovniT. 

kanonis Tanaxmad, ombudsmenebs SeuZliaT daeswron saqme- 

Ta ganxilvas, sasamarTloebisa da xelisuflebis sxva organoebis 

mier gadawyvetilebis miRebas, amasTan ar gaaCniaT sakuTari


azris gamoTqmis ufleba. maT xeli miuwvdebaT mmarTvelobisa 

da xelisuflebis organoTa dokumentebze. 

Svedi saxalxo damcvelis kompetenciasTan dakavSirebiT 

niSandoblivia is garemoeba, rom rodesac samsaxureobriv movaleobaTa 

Sesrulebisas Cadenili danaSauli ixsneba xandazmulobis 

gamo, ombudsmenebs SeuZliaT aRZran mocemuli saqmis irgvliv 

gamoZieba, Tu sakiTxi dakavSirebulia sarCelTan kerZo 

pirisaTvis am danaSaulis safuZvelze kompensaciis gacemasTan. 

ombudsmenebs aqvT ufleba sxva bralmdeblebs miandon 

sabraldebo qmedebebis ganxorcieleba an maTi xelmZRvaneloba. 

garda amisa, ombudsmenebi aRWurvilni arian uzenaes sasamar- 

TloSi saqmis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetis uflebiT. 

pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi Semavali 

saqmeebi uzenaes sasamarTloSi SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli mxolod 

kerZo mizezebis safuZvelze. 

ombudsmenebis kompetenciaSi Sedis braldebis wardgena 

da saqmis gamoZieba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: 

— Tu riqsdagi, misi safinanso komiteti an revizorebi iReben 

gadawyvetilebas safinanso ganyofilebis an saxelmwifo 

valis momsaxurebis ganyofilebis rwmunebulisaTvis, 

bankebis marTvis sabWos wevrisaTvis, davalianebis departamentis 

direqtorisaTvis an valis momsaxurebis ganyofilebis 

xelmZRvanelisaTvis braldebis wayenebis Taobaze; 

— Tu bankebis saqmeTa rwmunebulebma gadawyvites braldebis 

wayeneba bankebis sammarTvelos wevrisaTvis, an davalianebis 

departamentis wevrebma gadawyvites braldebis 

wayeneba departamentis ufrosisaTvis an vadis momsaxurebis 

ganyofilebis xelmZRvaanelisaTvis. 

ombudsmenebis kompetenciaSi Sedis braldebis wayeneba da 

gamoZieba, Tu riqsdagi gadawyvets aRZras saqme parlamentis, 

mis organoTa da mosamsaxureTa an calkeul parlamentarTa Tavisuflebis 

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb konstituciis 

110-e muxlis I paragrafis III punqtis Sesabamisad. igive 

wesi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac warmomadgenelTa palatis 

Tavjdomares ombudsmenis saxelze Semoaqvs gancxadeba 

palatis sxdomebze wesrigis sawinaaRmdego qmedebaTa Sesaxeb, 

wesrigis damrRvevis dasjis mizniT. 

pirebi, romlebic iReben gadawyvetilebas mocemuli punqtis 

mixedviT sarCelis wardgenis an mxilebis Sesaxeb, wyveten, 

Tu romeli dargis ombudsmens unda daevalos braldebis wardgena. 

e s p a n e T i 

espaneTis saxalxo damcvelis kompetenciaSi umniSvnelo- 

239

240 


vanes mimarTulebas warmoadgens sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis warmoeba. 

saxalxo damcvels ufleba aqvs sakuTari iniciativiT an 

mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze aRZras da Caataros nebismieri 

gamoZieba saxelmwifo administraciis organoebis an maTi 

warmomadgenlebis mier moqalaqeebis mimarT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis 

da qmedebebis Sesaxeb konstituciaSi gamocxadebuli 

adamianis uflebebis dacvis mizniT saxalxo damcvelis uflebamosileba 

vrceldeba ministrebis, administraciis xelmZRvanelebis, 

mosamsaxureebis da nebismieri pirebis saqmianobaze, 

romelnic saxelmwifo administraciis samsaxurSi imyofebian. 

yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba, rom deputatebs da senatorebs 

individualuri wesiT, sagamoZiebo komisiebs an samoqalaqo 

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis zogad, an nawilobriv 

dacvasTan dakavSirebul komisiebs gansakuTrebiT, kongres _ 

senatis saxalxo damcvelTan kavSirebis erTobliv komisias, ufleba 

aqvT dasabuTebuli SuamdgomlobebiT sTxovon saxalxo 

damcvels Tavisi kompetenciis sferoSi gamoiZios da gamoamJaRvnos 

saxelmwifo administraciis organoebis mier ganxorcielebuli 

is konkretuli aqtebi, qmedebebi da gadawyvetilebebi, 

romlebic exeba moqalaqis an moqalaqeTa jgufis interesebs. 

administraciuli xelisuflebis arcerT organos ara aqvs ufleba 

gaugzavnos saxalxo damcvels mis kompetenciaSi Semaval 

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli saCivrebi. 

saxalxo damcvels SeuZlia sakuTari iniciativiT an mxaris 

Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze ganaxorcielos zedamxedveloba 

avtonomiuri olqis saqmianobaze kanoniT gansazRvruli kompetenciis 

farglebSi. aRniSnulis Sesasruleblad avtonomiuri 

olqebis analogiuri organoebi TavianTi funqciebis ganxorcielebas 

aTanxmeben saxalxo damcvelis saqmianobasTan, romelsac 

SeuZlia mimarTos maT daxmarebisaTvis. 

iusticiis administraciis saqmianobis Sesaxeb saCivrebis 

miRebisas saxalxo damcveli valdebulia gaugzavnos isini prokuraturas, 

raTa man Seamowmos maTi utyuaroba, miiRos drouli 

zomebi kanonis safuZvelze, an gaugzavnos isini sasamarTlo 

xelisuflebis generalur sabWos sarCelis konkretul saxeze 

damokidebulebiT. yovelive es ar uSlis xels saxalxo damcvels 

moixsenios es sakiTxebi generaluri kortesebisadmi wardgenil 

zogad moxsenebaSi. organuli kanonis Tanaxmad, saxalxo 

damcveli valdebulia izrunos konstituciis pirvel ganyofilebaSi 

gancxadebul adamianis uflebaTa dasacavad samxedro 

administraciis sferoSi, Tumca amasTanave Tavi unda aaridos 

erovnuli Tavdacvis sardlobis saqmeebSi Carevas. 

espaneTis ombudsmeni saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sem-


deg atarebs Semajamebel araformalur gamoZiebas masSi gadmocemuli 

faqtebis gamosarkvevad. nebismier SemTxvevaSi saxalxo 

damcveli atyobinebs Sesabamis organizacias an administraciul 

qvedanayofs saqmis arss, raTa misma xelmZRvanelma TxuTmeti 

dRis vadaSi gaugzavnos mas werilobiTi angariSi. aRniSnuli 

vada SeiZleba gaxangrZlivdes Tu saxalxo damcvels es saWirod 

miaCnia arsebul garemoebaTa gamo. pasuxismgebeli saxelmwifo 

mosamsaxuris an misi ufrosobis uari moTxovnil pirveladi pasuxis 

gagzavnaze, an ugulisyuro damokidebuleba SeiZleba Sefasebul 

iqnes rogorc mtruli pozicia, romelic xels uSlis 

saxalxo damcvelis movaleobaTa aRsrulebas, amasTanave, aRniSnuli 

faqti dauyovnebliv gaxmaurdeba da aisaxeba saxalxo damcvelis 

yovelwliur, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ki specialur 

moxsenebaSi generaluri kortesebis winaSe. 

organuli kanoniT garantirebulia upiratesi da saswrafo 

wesiT daxmarebis aRmoCena saxalxo damcvelis mier warmoebul 

gamoZiebebsa da SemowmebebSi. sakuTari iniciativiT aRZruli 

saCivris an saqmis Semowmebis da gamoZiebis etapze saxalxo 

damcvels, mis moadgiles an rwmunebul pirs SeuZliaT saxelmwifo 

administraciis nebismier dawesebulebaSi an organoSi, aseve 

maTdami daqvemdebarebul samsaxurTan dakavSirebul dawesebulebebSi 

Tavisufali Sesvla aucilebeli cnobebis Semowmebis, 

aucilebeli piradi Sexvedrebis Catarebis, saqmeebisa da masalebis 

Seswavlis mizniT. am miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT saxalxo 

damcvels ar SeiZleba uari eTqvas nebismieri administraciuli 

saqmis, masalebisa da dokumentebis miRebaze, romlebic exeba 

gamosaZiebel saqmianobas an samsaxurs. rodesac gansaxilveli 

saCivari exeba administraciis organoebSi momsaxure pirebs da 

maTze dakisrebul movaleobebs, saxalxo damcveli acnobebs am 

saCivris Sesaxeb masTan dakavSirebul pirs da mis zemdgom ufross 

an dawesebulebas, romelsac eqvemdebareba es piri. saqmes- 

Tan dakavSirebuli administraciuli organos muSaki valdebulia 

gaagzavnos werilobiTi pasuxi da daurTos mas yvela saWiro 

dokumenti da mowmoba aRniSnul vadaSi, romelic Seadgens 

sul mcire aT dRes. mxaris mier warmodgenili Suamdgomlobis 

safuZvelze vadis gazrda dasaSvebia mxolod xuTi dRiT. 

gamoZiebis procesSi Tanamdebobis piris mier piradi Cvenebebis 

saxiT warmodgenili cnobebi konfidencialur xasiaTs 

atarebs, Tu sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb kanoni 

sxva rames ar iTvaliswinebs danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa Sesaxeb 

faqtebis mxilebis Taobaze. 

saxalxo damcvels ufleba aqvs mosTxovos sajaro xelisuflebis 

warmomadgenlebs yvela dokumentis warmodgena, romelTac 

igi saWirod miiCnevs Tavis movaleobaTa SesrulebisaT- 

241

242 


vis, im dokumentebis CaTvliT, romlebic kanoniT gansazRvrulia 

rogorc saidumlo. saidumlo Sinaarsis dokumentebis warmodgenaze 

uaris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs ministrTa sab- 

Wo da mas axlavs gadawyvetilebis damadasturebeli mowmoba. 

erTob mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom saxalxo damcvelis da 

misdami daqvemdebarebuli personalis mier Catarebuli gamoZiebani, 

agreTve procesualuri moqmedebebi xorcieldeba rogorc 

kerZo pirebis aseve qvedanayofebis da sxva saxelmwifo 

organoebis mimarT sruli konfidencialurobis pirobebSi, rac 

xels ar uSlis saxalxo damcvels Seitanos misi TvalsazrisiT 

aucilebeli mosazrebani generaluri kortesebisadmi moxsenabaSi. 

Tu Catarebuli gamoZiebis Sedegad gairkva, rom saCivris 

safuZveli Seqmna Tanamdebobis pirs mier Tanamdebobis borotad 

gamoyenebam, Secdomam, daudevrobam, gulgrilma an diskriminaciulma 

qmedebebma, saxalxo damcvelis ufleba aqvs werilobiT 

mimarTos saqmesTan dakavSirebul pirs da Seatyobinos 

Tavisi azri am sakiTxis Sesaxeb. igive ricxviT daTariRebul 

dokuments, romelSic Camoyalibebulia misi azriT, mizanSewonili 

winadadebebi, saxalxo damcveli ugzavnis sajaro mosamsaxuris 

zemdgom ufross. 

espaneTis ombudsmenis kompetenciis ganxilvisas yuradRebas 

iqcevs saxalxo damcvelisa da generaluri prokuroris TanamSromloba 

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi. ase magali- 

Tad; Tu, Tanamdebobriv movaleobaTa SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT 

saxalxo damcvelisaTvis cnobili gaxda savaraudod danaSaulebrivi 

qmedebebi an faqtebi, igi dauyovnebliv acnobebs 

amis Sesaxeb generalur saxelmwifo prokurors. generaluri 

prokurori valdebulia nebismieri garemoebis arsebobisas periodulad 

miawodos saxalxo damcvels cnobebi misi SuamdgomlobebiT 

aRZrul saqmeTa warmoebis Sesaxeb. generaluri prokurori 

valdebulia acnobos saxalxo damcvels yvela SesaZlo 

administraciuli darRvevis Sesaxeb, romlebic prokuraturisaTvis 

cnobili gaxda saqmianobis procesSi. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTveli saxalxo damcvelis msgavsad 

espaneTis ombudsmenis saqmianobac fakultaturul xasiaTs 

atarebs, mas SeuZlia sakuTari iniciativiT aRZras saqme xelisuflebis 

nebismieri organos, nebismieri Tanamdebobis piris da 

samTavrobo organoebis nebismieri samoqalaqo warmomadgenlis 

winaaRmdeg, maT Soris adgilobriv donezec, raime winaswari werilobiTi 

sasarCelo gancxadebebis gareSe. 

espaneTis saxalxo damcvelis kompetenciis ganxilvis dasasrul 

unda aRiniSnos, rom ombudsmenis moRvaweoba ar wydeba 

generaluri kortesebis sesiebs Soris periodSi da, agreTve ma- 

Ti daTxovnis an uflebamosilebis vadis amowurvis SemTxveva-


Sic. gansakuTrebuli an samxedro mdgomareobis reJimis SemoReba 

ar wyvets saxalxo damcvelis saqmianobas da ar aCerebs moqalaqeTa 

uflebas mimarTon ombudsmens, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba 

konstituciis 55-e muxlis debulebebs. 

espaneTis konstituciis 55-e muxli uSvebs adamianis uflebaTa 

da TavisuflebaTa SezRudvas Tu, qveyana imyofeba saomari 

da sagangebo mdgomareobis pirobebSi, an tardeba sagamoZiebo 

moqmedebebi SeiaraRebuli bandebisa da teroristuli elementebis 

mimarT. Tumca, amave muxlis meore punqtis bolo abzaciT 

gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba 

adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa ukanono da dausabuTebeli 

SezRudvisaTvis. 

s a f r a n g e T i 

safrangeTis saxalxo damcvelis anu mediatoris kompetencias 

ganekuTvneba moqalaqeebisgan saCivrebis miReba saxelmwifo 

administraciis organoebis, saxelmwifo teritoriuli 

warmonaqmnebis da nebismieri sxva organizaciis aramarTlzomieri 

saqmianobis Sesaxeb. 

Suamavlis institutis dawesebis Sesaxeb 1973 wlis 3 ivnisis 

kanonis mecxre muxlis mixedviT, Tu Suamavali Tvlis, rom 

saCivari dasabuTebulia, igi gamoTqvams misi azriT, mizanSewonil 

yvela rekomendacias saxelmwifo administraciasa da moqalaqes 

Soris Seqmnil siZneleTa gadasalaxavad, xolo Tu aucilebelia 

— nebismier winadadebas saqmeSi monawile dawesebulebis 

muSaobis gasaumjobeseblad. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Tu Semosuli 

saCivris safuZvelze mediatori Tvlis, rom sakanonmdeblo 

an sareglamento dadgenilebebis Sesruleba Seqmnis 

aramarTlzomier situacias, mas SeuZlia saqmesTan dakavSirebul 

uwyebas rekomendaciis saxiT urCios nebismieri gadawyvetilebis 

miReba, romelic saSualebas iZleva napovni iqnas samar- 

Tliani gamosavali situaciidan, romelSic imyofeba ganmcxadebeli; 

SesTavazos kompetentur Tanamdebobis pirs nebismieri 

zomebis miReba, romelTac mdgomareobis gamosworebisaTvis sa- 

Wirod Tvlis, da SesTavazos misi azriT mizanSewonili cvlilebebis 

Setana sakanonmdeblo da sareglamento teqstebSi. 

kompetentur xelisufalTa aryofnisas mediators SeuZlia 

TviTon miiRos disciplinaruli zomebi nebismieri pasuxismgebeli 

mosamsaxuris mimarT, xolo Tu aucilebelia sarCeliT 

mimarTos damsjel sasamarTlo organoebs. rogorc sxva qveynebis 

ombudsmenebs safrangeTis saxalxo damcvelsac ara aqvs sasamarTloSi 

wamowyebuli saqmis warmoebaSi Carevis an sasamar- 

Tlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvlis gadaxedvis ufleba. ministrebi 

da saxelmwifo organoTa yvela xelmZRvaneli valdebulni 

243


arian daxmareba aRmouCinon Suamavals mis saqmianobaSi. am mizniT 

maT SeuZliaT neba darTon TavianT xelqveiTebs pasuxi gascen 

Suamav lis SekiTxvebs da gamoZaxebis SemTxvevaSi gamocxaddes 

masTan sasaubrod; aseve daavalon sainspeqcio organoebs 

Suamavlis moTxovnis safuZvelze Caataron gamoZiebebi da Semowmebani 

TaviaanTi kompetenciis farglebSi. 

safrangeTis respublikis mediatoris Sesaxeb kanonis mecamete 

muxlis Tanaxmad, mediators ufleba aqvs Sesabamisi ministris 

an xelisuflebis organosgan gamoiTxovos ganxilvis 

procesSi myof saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela dokumenti da masalaTa 

erToblioba. aseT moTxovnaze ar SeiZleba uaris Tqma 

dokumentis an masalis saidumloebisa da konfidencialurobis 

safuZvliT, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca igi exeba erovnul Tavdacvas, 

saxelmwifo uSiSroebasa da sagareo politikas. profesiul 

saidumloebasTan dakavSirebuli kanonebisa da normebisadmi 

pativiscemis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, safrangeTis respublikis 

mediatorma unda miiRos yvela aucilebeli zoma, raTa 

misi uflebamosilebis farglebSi gamocemul romelime dokumentSi 

araferi iZleodes im pirovnebis identifikaciis SesaZleblobas, 

visi vinaobac mis winaSe am formiT gamJRavnda. mediatori 

warudgens respublikis prezidents da parlaments yovelwliur 

moxsenebas, romelic warmoadgens misi saqmianobis angariSs. 

Suamavalze dakisrebul amocanaTa Sesasruleblad aucilebeli 

Tanxebi Setanilia premier-ministris biujetSi. 

n i d e r l a n d e b i 

niderlandebis erovnuli ombudsmenis kompetencia er- 

Tgvari TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba. Semosul gancxadebas SeiZleba 

msvleloba ar mieces e.i. ar daiwyos gamoZieba Semdeg Sem- 

TxvevebSi, Tu: 

— sakiTxi exeba mTavrobis zogad politikas, maT Soris samarTlebriv 

sferosTan dakavSirebiT, an eqceva Sesabamisi 

administraciuli organos zogadi politikis CarCoeb- 

Si; 

— sadavo sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli saproceso moiqmedebebi 

ukve daiwyo sasamarTlo organoSi, romelic administraciuli 

samarTlis debulebiT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, 

an ar arsebobs am organos gadawyvetilebis saapelacio 

wesiT gasaCivrebis SesaZlebloba; 

— sadavo sakiTxebze sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba gamotanil 

iqna administraciuli samarTlis debulebebis Sesabamisad; 

— gadasaxadebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze xelmisawvdo- 

244


mia administraciuli samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli procedura. 

rodesac gavecaniT niderlandebis erovnuli ombudsmenis 

daniSvnis wess gairkva, rom parlamentis zeda palatis vice — 

Tavjdomaris (Tavjdomare aris monarqi), qveda palatis Tavjdomarisa 

da uzenaesi sasamarTlos e r T o b l i v i rekomendaciiT 

xdeba kandidaturebis wardgena, rac imas niSnavs, rom parlamentis 

qveda palatas ar SeuZlia damoukideblad waradginos 

Tavisi kandidatura da Sesabamisad mas dauWiros mxari, aqedan 

gamomdinare saparlamento kontroli (adamianis uflebaTa da 

TavisuflebaTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT) administraciaze ombudsmenis 

meSveobiT ukve SezRudulia, magram rodesac kanonmdebeli 

saubrobs, rom ombudsmens ufleba ara aqvs gamoZieba daiwyos 

adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevis im faqtebze, 

romlebic dakavSirebulia mTavrobis zogad politikasTan, 

maT Soris samarTlebriv sferosTan, an eqceva Sesabamisi administraciuli 

organos zogadi politikis CarCoebSi... da rodesac 

kanonmdebeli ar gansazRvravs, an araviTar ganmartebas ar 

iZleva Tu, konkretulad ras gulisxmobs ,,zogad politikaSi”, 

vfiqrob, saqme gvaqvs rbilad rom vTqvaT, iseT iuridiul teqnikasTan, 

romelic saSualebas iZleva saWiroebisamebr SeizRudos 

niderlandebis saxalxo damcvelis institutis damoukidebloba 

saxelmwifo organoTa sistemaSi. 

gamoZiebis procesSi ombudsmeni uflebamosilia moiwvios 

administraciuli organo da gasaCivrebul moqmedebaze pasuxismgebeli 

piri, mowmeebi da ganmcxadebeli. mowveuli piri valdebulia 

saxalxo damcvels miawodos gamoZiebisTvis aucilebeli 

yvela informacia da pirovnulad warsdges mis winaSe. analogiuri 

movaleobebi ekisreba nebismier oficialur organos, romelic 

TviTon wyvets romelma wevrma unda Seasrulos misi movaleobebi, 

Tu gamoZiebiT ganszaRvruli ar aris erTi an meti wevris 

vinaoba. mowmeTa garda, nebismieri mowveuli piri SeiZleba 

warmodgenili iyos advokatiT. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ,,erovnuli 

ombudsmenis Sesaxeb” kanonis meTvramete muxlis meore 

punqtis Tanaxmad, ombudsmens ufleba ara aqvs mxaris warmomadgenlad 

miCnevaze uari uTxras pirs, romelic eweva iuridiul 

momsaxureobas, magram ar aris advokati an iuriskonsulti. ombudsmenis 

winaSe gamocxadebis movaleoba ar vrceldeba ministrebze. 

Tu ministri personalurad ar gamocxaddeba, man SeiZleba 

daniSnos warmomadgeneli. 

niderlandel saxalxo damcvels SeuZlia gasces gankarguleba, 

rom yovelma mowmem mosmenis win da Tarjimanma Tavisi movaleobis 

Sesrulebis win warmoTqvas fici an sazeimo dapireba. 

aseT SemTxvevaSi, isini fivs an sazeimo dapirebas warmoTqvaven 

245

246 


ombudsmenis TandaswrebiT. mowme warmoTqvams fics, rom ilaparakebs 

mxolod simarTles da arafers simarTlis garda, xolo 

Tarjimani iZleva Tavisi movaleobis zedmiwevniT sworad Sesrulebis 

dapirebas. eqsperti ki movalea iyos miukerZoebeli da 

srulyofilad gamoiyenos sakuTari SesaZleblobebi. 

niderlandebis kanoniT ,,erovnuli ombudsmenis Sesaxeb” 

uzrunvelyofilia ombudsmenis winaSe gamoZaxebul pirTa 

mgzavrobis da droebiTi sacxovreblis agreTve gacdenil samu- 

Sao saaTebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis anazRaureba, magram Tu 

Cvenebis misacemad gamoZaxebulia saxelmwifo moxele, rogorc 

sajaro mosamsaxure, kanonis mixedviT ar aris gaTvaliswinebnuli 

misTvis xarjebis anazRaureba. 

ministris an administraciuli organos pasuxismgeblobis 

farglebSi sajaro mosamsaxuris mier Cadenili qmedebebis Sesaxeb 

informaciis mopoveba ombudsmens SeuZlia mxolod Sesabamisi 

ministris an administraciuli organos saSualebiT. 

,,erovnuli ombudsmenis Sesaxeb” kanonis mecxramete muxlis 

meoTxe punqtis Tanaxmad, saxalxo damcvelis mier mowveul 

pirs ufleba aqvs uari ganacxados informaciis gacemaze, romlis 

saidumlod dacvis movaleoba gaTvaliswinebulia misi TanamdebobiT 

an profesiiT. sajaro mosamsaxures SeuZlia informacis 

gacemaze uari Tqvas Tu, informaciis Sinaarsi informaciis 

saiduml;oebis an saxelmwifo interesebis dacvis Sesaxeb nebismier 

sxva sakanonmdeblo aqts ewinaaRmdegeba. Tumca, administraciuli 

organo ar aris SezRuduli gasaidumloebuli informaciis 

miwodebaSi ombudsmenisaTvis, Tuki eqneba am ukanasknelis 

mxridan misi saidumloebis dacvis piroba. 

kanonmdebelma niderlandeli ombudsmeni aRWurva iseTi 

uflebamosilebiT, romelic mas saSualebas aZlevs gamoZiebis 

procesSi miiRos eqspertisa da Tarjimnis daxmareba. kanoni imperatiulad 

avaldebulebs eqspertad da Tarjimnad gamoZaxebul 

pirebs gamocxadnen saxalxo damcvelTan da gauwion mas Sesabamisi 

momsaxureba. eqsperti da Tarjimani movaleni arian saidumlod 

daicvan informacia, romelic maTTvis maTi uflebamosilebis 

ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT cnobili gaxda. 

èrovnuli ombudsmenis Sesaxeb~ kanonis 24-e muxlis II da 

III punqtebi erTob bundovani Sinaarsisaa: 

2. òmbudsmens SeuZlia Tu igi gamoZiebis interesebisaTvis 

aucileblad miiCnevs, winaswari Tanxmobis gareSe Sevides nebismier 

dawesebulebaSi, im Senobis garda, sadac administraciuli 

organo Tavis ZiriTad funqciebs axorcielebs. administraciuli 

organos samyofelSi mas SeuZlia Sesvla mxolod am ukanasknelis 

TanxmobiT. 

3. ministrebs ufleba aqvT uari uTxran ombudsmens gan-


sazRvrul adgilebSi SeSvebaze, Tu maTi azriT es safrTxes uqmnis 

saxelmwifos uSiSroebas~. 

niderlandeli saxalxo damcvelis aseTi formiT uflebrivi 

datvirTva Sedegianobis TvalsazrisiT azrs kargavs. vinaidan, 

ar aris dazustebuli ra SeiZleba iyos administraciuli 

organos ZiriTadi funqcia, an ramdenad SesaZlebelia, rom administraciul 

organos gaaCndes araZiriTadi funqciebic! 

rodesac kanonmdebeli ambobs, rom ministrebs ufleba 

aqvT TaviaanTi Sexedulebisamebr gadawyviton ombudsmenis SeSveba 

— arSeSvebis sakiTxi (Sesabamisad dokumentaciaze daSvebac) 

kanoniT daudgenel ,,gansazRvrul” adgilebSi, Cemi azriT, 

gvrCeba mxolod Semdegi daskvnebis gamotanis ufleba: rogorc 

ukve aRiniSna, administraciuli organo ar aris SezRuduli gasaidumlebuli 

informaciis miwodebaSi Tuki, eqneba ombudsmenis 

mxridan saidumloebis dacvis piroba (muxli 19. me-4 nawili). 

es garemoeba SeiZleba iTqvas, rom niderlandeli saxalxo damcvelis 

wisqvilze asxams wyals, magram ukve zemoaRniSnulidan 

gamomdinare, administraciul organos Tavis SexedulebiT SeuZlia 

uari uTxras uflebaTa damcvels ara mxolod informaciis 

gacemaze, aramed TviT administraciuli organos kuTvnil 

SenobaSi Sesvlazec ki. e.i. saxeze gvaqvs normaTa kolizia, xolo 

ombudsmenisa da administraciis ufleba-movaleobaTa daudgenloba 

samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi saboloo jamSi iwvevs niderlandebis 

saxalxo damcvelis institutis arsiseuli funqciis 

(adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis sferoSi 

saparlamento kontroli administraciaze) dakninebas. 

erovnuli ombudsmenis Sesaxeb kanonis 25-e muxlis Tanaxmad, 

gamoZiebis dasrulebamde, niderlandeli saxalxo damcveli 

misi msvlelobis Sedegebs werilobiT acnobs dainteresebul 

administraciul organos, sajaro mosamsaxures, romlis 

saqmianobac iyo gamoZiebis sagani. ombudsmeni administraciul 

organos, sajaro mosamsaxures da ganmcxadebels SesaZleblobas 

aZlevs mis mier dadgenil droSi sakuTari azri gamoxaton 

gamoZiebis SedegebTan dakavSirebiT. 

gamoZiebis dasrulebis Semdeg aRmoCenil darRvevebze niderlandeli 

saxalxo damcvelis umniSvnelovanes reagirebis 

saSualebas warmoadgens misi yovelwliuri angariSi, romelsac 

awvdis parlamentis orive palatas. Tumca, erovnul ombudsmens 

SeuZlia gamoZiebis dasrulebisTanave Tavisi daskvnebisa da gadawyvetilebis 

Sesaxeb acnobos parlamentis orive palatas, er- 

TerTi maTganis Txovnis safuZvelze an aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi 

am gziT saparlamento komitets eZleva apelirebis SesaZlebloba 

pasuxismgebel ministrTan, niderlandebis adamianis 

uflebaTa damcvels regularuli kavSiri gaaCnia Sesabamis sa- 

247

248 


parlamento komitetTan. 

erovnuli ombudsmenis kanonis XXIV muxlis I nawili adgens, 

rom niderlandeli saxalxo damcvelis werilobiTi Txovnis 

safuZvelze, gamoZiebis miznebisaTvis mas waredgineba gansazRvrul 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT samTavrobo davalebis Sesrulebisas 

Sedgenili dokumentebi an maTi aslebi. Cemi azriT, 

miTiTebuli normis SinaarsSi asaxuli meqanizmi ombudsmens sa- 

Sualebas aZlevs zedamxedveloba gauwios mis mierve SemuSavebul 

rekomendacia — davalebebis Sesrulebas administraciuli 

organoebis mier. 

saxalxo damcvelis uflebamosilebis areali es aris umniSvnelovanesi 

qvakuTxedi ombudsmenis damoukideblobisa 

mmarTvelobis organoTa sistemisgan da misi saqmianobis efeqturobisa. 

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis kompetenciasTan 

dakavSirebiT upirvelesad aRsaniSnavia misi muSaobis fakultaturuli 

xasiaTi, rac imas niSnavs, rom qarTvel ombudsmens ufleba 

aqvs damoukidblad anu moqalaqeTa saCivrebis gareSec Seamowmos 

adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa mdgomareoba, 

maTi darRvevis faqtebi. 

saxalxo damcveli aRWurvilia uflebiT mimarTos winadadebebiT 

parlaments kanonmdeblobis srulyofis mizniT adamianis 

uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis sferoSi, magram samwuxarod, 

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels ar gaaCnia sakanonmdeblo 

iniciativis ufleba, damoukidebeli gamoZiebis ufleba, damoukideblad 

disciplinaruli RonisZiebebis gatarebis ufleba 

im pirebis mimarT, romlebmac ar Seasrules saxalxo damcvelis 

kanonieri moTxovna, agreTve braldebis wardgenis ufleba, 

qveynis umaRles sasamarTlo instanciaSi saqmis warmoebis ufleba, 

rac gaaCnia SvedeTis saxalxo damcvels (ombudsmens), romelic 

sxva danarCeni qveynebis institutebisaTvis warmoadgens 

klasikur nimuSs. 

espaneTis saxalxo damcvelis uflebamosileba erTob solidurad 

gamoiyureba saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis kompetenciasTan 

SedarebiT. vinaidan, igi srulyofilad flobs yvela 

im meqanizms, rasac SvedeTis ombudsmeni Tavisi saqmianobis 

gansaxorcieleblad, garda sakanonmdeblo iniciativisa. espaneli 

saxalxo damcvelis muSaobac fakultaturul xasiaTs atarebs, 

rogorc SvedeTisa da saqarTvelosi. 

safrangeTis saxalxo damcvelis `mediatoris~ uflebamosilebis 

ganxilvisas ki gamoirkva, rom mas ar gaaCnia damoukidebeli 

gamoZiebis ufleba, is Sesabamis organoebs mimarTvs romelime 

administraciul rgolSi inspeqtirebis CatarebisaTvis, 

kanonmdebels mediatorisTvis ar aqvs gaTvaliswinebuli sasamarTloSi 

wamowyebuli saqmis warmoebaSi Carevis an sasamarTlo


gadawyvetilebis safuZvlis gadaxedvis ufleba, ar gaaCnia sakanonmdeblo 

iniciativis ufleba da metic, mediatoris saqmianoba 

ar aris fakultaturuli xasiaTis. praqtikulad, mediatorisTvis 

erTaderTi saSualeba konkretul faqtze reagirebisa 

aris rekomendaciis gagzavna administraciis struqturuli er- 

Teulebis xelmZRvanelbisadmi romelTa moqmedebis mizeziTac 

SeizRuda an dairRva adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. 

niderlandebis saxalxo damcvelis kompetenciis ganxilvisas 

gadavawydiT iseT garemoebas, romelic seriozulad svams am 

institutis arsebobis aucileblobis sakiTxs warmodgenili 

formiT, radganac kanonSi Cadebulia iseTi iuridiuli meqanizmebi, 

romlis saSualebiTac xelisuflebis samive Stos erToblivi 

rekomendaciiT wardgenili da SeiZleba iTqvas, daniSnul 

ombudsmens SeuZlia gverdi auaros mTavrobisaTvis arasasurveli 

saCivris ganxilvas. 

KARTLOS PRIDONASHVILI 

THE PUBLIC DEFENDER IN GEORGIA AND ABROAD 

For the political-legal system of the Public Defender it is important to 

have relevant authority together with independence so that the Public Defender 

could have the opportunity to react to the offence. It is interesting to point out 

that the Institute of Ombudsmen is more important and interesting in our country 

than in other developed democracies as the values and democratic institutes 

in Georgia are still in rudimentary condition, especially “parliamentarism” 

as this is the main factor of the development of the “Ombudsman”. According 

to the facts and circumstances mentioned above, the publication aims to review 

and analyze fields and competence of the Ombudsman in Georgia and some other 

democratic countries, taking into consideration experience of developed countries 

in order that we could find and eliminate weak points of the Georgian 

Public Defender. 

249

Teimuraz beJoSvili 


pativisa da Rirsebis dacva 

da pirad cxovrebaSi Caurevloba 

1.1. adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis 

istoriul-samarTlebrivi warmoSoba da ganviTareba 

adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis warmoSobas, dacvasa da ganviTarebas 

istoriulad Rrmad aqvs fesvebi gadgmuli. 

sakiTxSi Rrmad da safuZvlianad garkvevisaTvis, ramdenime 

faqtic kmara. qristianul moZRvrebasa da agreTve islamSic 

umTavresi yuradReba eTmoba pativisa da Rirsebis sakiTxebs. 

adamianTa Tanasworuflebianoba RvTis winaSe upirvelesi postulatia. 

pativisa da Rirsebis fenomens kvleva-Ziebas filosofia- 

Sic ki udidesi mniSvneloba da tradicia gaaCnda, rasac mohyva 

samarTalSi humanizmis 1 principis damkvidreba. adamianis pativiTa 

da RirsebiT dainteresebuli filosofia, sakmaod mizanmimarTulad 

warmoaCenda pativisa da Rirsebis uSualo monawileebs- 

adamianebs. am kuTxiT adamianis arseboba aucilebel winapirobas 

warmoadgenda, magram ufro aucilebeli adamianad yofnis 

sakiTxi rCeboda. 2 

germanuli klasilkuri filosofiis fuZemdebeli imanuel 

kanti (1724-1804) Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr werda: pativi da Rirseba 

ar SeiZleba iyos mxolod pirovnebis TviTmizani da saSualeba 

sazogadoebaSi saurTierTod, radgan adamiani am mimarTebiT 

yovelTvis mizania da ara saSualeba, 3 es ukanaskneli Tavad 

unda warmoiSvas. am kuTxiT, pativi da Rirseba ilaxeba maSin, rodesac 

adamiani sxva adamianis Tavisi miznebis misaRwevad mxolod 

saSualebad aRiqvams da gamoiyenebs. 4 

samarTlis mecnier-iuristTa mosazrebebiT pativi da Rirseba, 

adamianis ZiriTad uflebebs ganekuTvneba, romelic ara 

marto saxelmwifos mier daculi da aRiarebulia, aramed warmoadgenen 

bunebiT warmoSobil uflebebs. mecnierTa aRniSnuli 

1 

humanizmi filosofiis Semadgeneli nawilia, igi gansazRvravs: 

msoflmxedvelobas, faseulobasa da Rirsebas, romelic ZiriTadad 

TiToeul adamianze aris orientirebuli. tolerantoba, 

mmarTvelobis Tavisufleba da Tavisufal azrTa Sexeduleba aseve 

humanizmis aucilebel mxareebs warmoadgenen. 

2 ix.: Kunig Philip, Grundgesetz Kommentar. Band I (Praambel bis Art 19), 5. 

Auflage, Munchen, 2000, gv. 72 f. 

3 t. rexviaSvili. filosofiis Sesavali. Tb., 1999, gv. 88. 

4 

ix.: k. kublaSvili. ZiriTadi uflebebi. Tb., 2003, gv. 86. 

250


mosazreba cxadyofs, rom arsebobs uflebebi, romlebic adamianis 

CasaxviTa da dabadebiT SeiZleba iyos warmoSobili da ganpirobebuli. 

bunebiTobaa adamianis Casaxva da dabadeba, romlis realizaciasa 

da dacvas, saxelmwifo da kanoni uzrunvelyofs. swored 

rom adamianis pativi da Rirseba aRniSnuli mdgomareobis 

(Casaxva da dabadeba) Tanamdevia, romliTac iwyeba am uflebaTa 

warmoSoba da daniSnuleba. 

cnobilia, rom fizikuri piris uflebaunarianoba misi dabadebis 

momentidan warmoiSoba. rasac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo 

kodeqsis XI muxlis pirveli punqtiT adasturebs, xolo amave 

muxlis meore punqti memkvidred yofnis uflebaze saubrobs, 

romelic CasaxvisTanave warmoiSoba da am uflebis ganxorcieleba 

mis dabadebaze aris damokidebuli. Canasaxis samarTlebriv-uflebaTa 

farglebs Tu avstriuli samarTlis mixedviT gavafarTovebT, 

davinaxavT rom dedis saSvilosnoSi myof Canasaxs 

pativi da Rirseba gaaCnia da ufleba aqvs dabadebis Semdeg 

moiTxovos im zianis anazRaureba, romelic mas saSvilosnoSi 

yofnis dros miadga, rac SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos dedis mar- 

TlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis gamo. 1 vimedovneb, rom avstriuli samarTlis 

am metad rTuli da sadao sakiTxisadmi midgoma da damokidebuleba 

samarTliania, adamians janmrTelobisaTvis aucilebeli 

saWiro pirobebi unda gaaCndes. janmrTelobisaTvis 

aucilebeli pirobebis darRveva, ki Canasaxis pativisa da Rirsebis 

Semlaxvel mopyrobas warmoadgens, vinaidan ziani adgeba pirovnebis 

janmrTelobas. 

pativi da Rirseba aseve SeiZleba gardacvlil adamians gaaCndes, 

romelic sikvdilis Semdegac grZeldeba, rasac saqar- 

Tvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis XIX muxli amyarebs. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom pirovnebis uflebaunarianoba gardacvalebis 

Sedegad wydeba, magram ar iwvevs pativisa da Rirsebis uflebis 

SeCerebas. aRsaniSnavia rom uflebaunarianoba uflebis 

gareSe ar aersebobs, magram am mxriv saxezea gamonaklisi Sem- 

Txveva, rodesac kanonmdebeli gardacvlilis ukvdavsayofad, 

naTesavebs an kidev saamisod uflebamosil pirebs moixsenebs, 

romlebsac SeuZliaT saxelisa da Rirsebis iseTi dacvis moTxovnis 

ganxorcieleba, romelic pirovnebis arsebis ganmsazRvrelia 

da grZeldeba sikvdilis Semdegac. 

gardaclilis pativisa da Rirsebis dacva avalebs rogorc 

saxelmwifos, aseve sazogadoebas, pativi miagon mis xsovnas da 

samudamo gansasvenebels da ar SebRalon, ganurCevlad pirovne- 

1 Koziol Helmut. Schadigung des Menschen vor Geburt-ein Problem der 

Rechtsfahigkeit Wien, 2001, gv.166 f. 

251


bis socialuri mdgomareobisa da damsaxurebisa. 

amrigad, pativi da rirseba Tavisi warmoSobiTa da daniSnulebiT 

gacilebiTufro rTuli bunebisaa, vidre erTi SexedviT 

Cans. 

1.2. adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis arsi 

adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis arsis sworad da samarTlianad 

gansazRvraSi umTavresi roli kanonmdebels eniWeba. kanonmdebeli 

xels unda uwyobdes TiToeuli adamianis damoukidebel 

pirovnebad Camoyalibebas da sazogadoebaSi Rirseuli adgilis 

damkvidrebas. 

pativisa da Rirsebis arsSi wvdoma, upirveles yovlisa, moiTxovs 

Tavad adamianebisa da samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis analizs, 

Tu rogor reagirebs da aviTarebs sazogadoeba adamianis 

iriTad uflebebs, rac pirdapir kavSirSia saxelmwifosTan, 

radgan saxelwifos swored rom adamianebi qmnian 1 . 

adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis dacva gulisxmobs, wamebisa 

da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis 

akrZalvas. 

ras warmoadgens patii calke aRebuli da ra kavSirSia igi 

RirsebasTan swored am kiTxvaSi isaxeba ZiriTadi amocana naSroomisa, 

rac cxadyofs am ori fenomenis urTierTdamokidebulebas 

erTmaneTis mimarT. adamianis pativi ar arsebobs Rirsebis 

gareSe da Rirseba pativis gareSe, rogorc samarTali saxelmwifos 

da saxelwifo samarTlis gareSe. 

iurisprudenciaSi Znelad Tu moiZebneba pativisa da Rirsebis 

Camoyalibebuli cneba, vinaidan am ukanasknels ar gaaCnia 

garkveuli dawesebuli msazRvreli, igi SeiZleba adamianis Tvisebadac 

ki miviCnioT, rac xazs usvams pirovnebis individualurobas. 

RvTis mier Seqmnil samyaoSi pativi da Rirseba aris udidesi 

samarTlebrivi sikeTe, romelsac kacobriobam kanonis Zala 

mianiWa, rogorc adamianis uzenaes da waruval uflebas, rac demokratiuli 

saxelmwifos konstituciis furclebze iqna saTanadod 

asaxuli. adamians, rogorc calke aRebul individs, gaaCnia 

Tavisi cxovrebis damoukideblad warmarTvis ufleba da 

unari, rac moiTxovs am uflebaunarianobis samarTlebriv uzrunvelyofas, 

saTanado pirobebisa da garemos Seqmnas, raTa 

adamiani iyos sazogadoebrivad, socialurad, politikurad aq- 

1 dawvrilebiT ixileT, sazogadoebisa da adamianis roli saxelwifos 

Seqmnasa da ganviTarebaSi: Stein/Frank, Staatsrecht, 19. Auflage,Tubingen, 2004, 

gv.57 f. 

252


tiuri da uSualo monawile saxelmwifos ganviTarebis procesebSi. 

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba CamovayaliboT 

pativisa da Rirsebis mTavari arsi, rac pirvel rigSi saxelmwifosgan 

damcav uflebad gvevlineba. pativi da Rirseba kategoriul 

imperatiul uflebas ganekuTvneba, romelic saxelmwifos 

avalebs mis dacvis uzrunvelyofas, igi boWavs saxelwifos 

mxridan adamianis pirad cxovrebaSi Carevas, rac pirdapir kav- 

SirSi SeiZleba iyos pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxvel saqmianobasTan 

da pirad cxovrebasTan. 1 

pativi da Rirseba adamianis mudmivi Tanamdevia, sadac ar 

unda imyofebodes igi, romelsac ver mianiWeb, ver CamoarTmev, 

ver SeRudav. amrigad, Rirseba ar aris xelSesaxebi sagani an raime 

nivTi. 

adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis dacvis xarixi pirovnebis 

socialur da samarTlebriv mdgomareobaze aisaxeba, rac saxelmwifos 

mxridan unda iqnas gamyarebuli. adamians unda gaaCndes 

elementaruli pirobebi sakuTari pirovnebis ganviTarebisa, 

rac ganaTlebaSi, Tavisufal SromaSi, pirad cxovrebasa da 

usafrTxoebaSi, janmrTelobisaTvis aucilebel saWiro garemo- 

Si unda xdebodes. adaminas saxelmwifom unda Seuqmnsa pirobebi, 

raTa arCinos sakuTari Tavi da ujaxi, SeZlos gadasaxadis gadaxda, 

rac Rirseuli cxovrebis Semageneli nawilia. 

adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis arsis mniSvneloba da daniSnuleba 

sazogadoebisTvis, kidev ufro kargad sisxlis samar- 

Tlis mecnierebaSi isaxeba, sadac kanonis moTxovnaTa safuZvelze 

Rirseba aiZulebs saxelmwifos Tavi Seikavos garkeuli 

moqmedebebisagan an piriqiT ganaxorcielos isini. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom sasjeli unda samarTliani iyos, igi unda Seesabamebodes 

aRniSnul, konkretul qmedebasa da danaSauls. am SemTxvevaSi 

dauSvebelia damnaSavis mimarT gamoyenebuli iqnas mkacri sasjeli, 

romelic misi pirovnebis pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxvel 

iaraRad iqneba mimarTuli, radganac yvela adamians, rogorc 

zemoT avRniSne, ganurCevlad misi socialuri mdgomareobisa da 

yofisa Rirseba gaaCnia. 

gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebis drosac ki, rogoricaa: 

terorizmi, organizebuli danaSauli da sxva, ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli 

iqnas wamebis, araadamianuri mopyrobisa da sxva saxis 

dasjiTi ronisZiebebi, romelic adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis 

Semlaxvelia, àravin ar SeiZleba gaxdes wamebis, araadamianuri 

an damamcirebeli mopyrobis, an dasjis msxverpli~. 2 

1 Maier Walter. Staats- und Verfassungsrecht. Achim bei Bremen, 1990, gv. 88 f. 

2 

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropis 

konvencia, III muxli. 

253


XXI saukune axali teqnologiebis saukuned aris dasaxelebuli, 

rasac cxadyofs Tundac medicinaSi arsebuli miRwevebi, 

magaliTisTvis adamianis klonireba, samedicino preparatis 

adamianze gamocda da sxva. aRnisnuli sakiTxebi did davasa da 

msjelobas iwvevs sazogadoebasa da mecnierebs Soris. savsebiT 

naTelia is faqti, rom ar unda xdebodes adamianebze eqsperimentebis 

Catareba, rac kanonmdeblobiT akrZaluli da dasjadia, 

rameTu adamiani ar aris miznis misaRwevi saSualeba, Tundac 

obieqti. 

pativi da Rirseba mxolod adamians gaaCnia. vinaidan ufalma 

adamiani Tavis saxed Seqmna, igi am Tvalsazricidac yvela danarCeni 

suldgmulisgnac gansxvavebulia, ufro konkretulad 

rom CamovayaliboT da avxsnaT pativisa da Rirsebis adamianze 

mikuTvneba, saWiroa gvesmodes adamianis raoba, arseboba da roli, 

misi biologiur-anatomiuri agbuleba, rac cxadyofs am ukanasknelis 

diferenciacias cxovelTan mimarTebaSi. amrigad, 

adamianis pativi da Rirseba misive Sinagani faseulobidan gamomdinareobs. 

1 

1.3. piradi cxovreba, rogorc ufleba 

adamiani pirovnebad rom iwodebodes mas unda hqondes damoukidebeli 

gaviTarebis ufleba da yvela SesaZlebloba, rac 

piradulobasTan - individTan aris dakavSirebuli. yvela adamiani 

individia da Sesabamisad unikaluric, am kuTxiT ki mas piradi 

interesebi da msoflmxedveloba gaaCnia. sityva piradi SeiZleba 

ori mimarTulebiT ganvixiloT: pirveli gansazRvravs da 

akavSirebs sityvis arsidan gamomdinare Semdeg mniSvnelovan da 

aucilebel terminebs, rogoricaa: kerZo da masTan dakavSirebuli 

uflebebi, magaliTisTvis kerZo sakuTreba, individualuri, 

Tavisufali da sxva. meores mxriv ki adamianis Sinagan meobas 

Tavisi RirsebebiT, rasac pirovneba Tavissave cxovrebas ukav- 

Sirebs. 

piradi cxovreba adamianebs saSualebas Zlevs sakuTari 

survilebis mixedviT Seqmnan ojaxi, rogorc saxelmwifosaTvis 

da saogadoebisaTvis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi ZiriTadi ujredi. 

adamiani, rogorc avRniSne individia da unikaluri, rac 

mis pirad TvisebebTan aris dakavSirebuli, swored am piradi 

Tvisebebis safuZvelze warmoiSoba am ukanasknelis piradi uf- 

1 

ar SemiZlia ar daveTanxmo profesor qristian pestalocas 

mosazrebas, romelic pativsa da Rirsebas adamianis faseulobad 

miiCnevs. ixileT: Christian Pestalozza. Die Verfassung des Freistaates Bayern, 

Munchen 2003, Rn. 4 zu Art. 100, gv. 4 f. 

254


lebebi, romlebic sakmaod mravalgvari SeiZleba iyos. 

mecnierebis garkveuli nawili pirad mes, anu pirad uflebas 

ZiriTadad adamianis cxovrebas ukavSirebs, sadac pirovnebis 

yoveldRiuri yofaa miCneuli. savsebiT sworia amgvari Sexeduleba, 

vinaidan Cveni piraduli xom Cvenive cxovrebis erT-er- 

Ti Semadgeneli nawilia. swored am garemoebaTa safuZvelze 

warmoiSoba termini piradi cxovreba rogorc ufleba. 

piradi cxovreba rogorc ufleba gamyarebulia saqarTvelos 

konstituciis XX muxliT, sadac kanonmdebeli xazgasmiT 

aRniSnavs da ganmartavs adamianis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul 

aucilebel komponentebs, rogorebicaa: piradi saqmianobis adgili, 

piradi Canaweri, mimowera, saubari satelefono da sxva saxis 

teqnikuri saSualebebiT, agreTve am teqnikuri saSualebebiT 

miRebuli Setyobinebani da sxva. 

dasavleT qveynebis demokratiul saxelmwifota erT-erT 

umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs adamianis piradi covreba warmoadgens, 

rac kidev erTxel cxadyofs am ukanasknelis arsebobasa da saWiroebas, 

rameTu es ufleba Tavis mxriv moicavs sxva uflebaTa da 

TavisuflebaTa mTel kompleqss. 

piradi cxovreba ar niSnav pirovnebis izolirebas garesamyarosgan, 

Tundac sazogadoebasTan, aramed es ufleba adamians 

sakuTari interesebis dacvaSi, ojaxis da ojaxTan dakavSirebul 

saidumlos Tavisufali gamJRavnebis arCevanis uflebasa 

da saSualebas aniWebs. magaliTad adamiani zogjer Tavis piradul 

da ojaxTan dakavSirebul saidumlos andobs samedicino 

dawesebulebebis, notariusebis, bankebis, moqalaqeobrivi registraciis 

organoebis warmomadgenlebs, RvTismsaxurebs da 

sxva. 1 am kuTxiT ki yvela xsenebuli organo da dawesebuleba 

valdebulni arian daicvan pirovnebis piradi interesebi da ar 

gaaxmauron maTTvis mindobili informacia, raTa amiT ar iqnes 

Selaxuli sxvaTa uflebebi Tundac adamianis pativi da Rirseba. 

piradi cxovrebis warmarTva, moisazrebs pirovneis arCevans, 

rac Tavisufali ganviTarebis uflebas efuZneba. swored 

am garemoebaTa safuZvelze aRmocenebuli piradi cxovreba da 

misi sazRvrebis gansazRvra sakmaod did msjelobasa da kvleva-- 

Ziebas moiTxovs 

1.4. pirad cxovrebaSi adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis dacva 

pirad cxovrebas pirovnebis Tavisufleba da Tavisufali 

ganviTarebis ufleba ganapirobeben, rameTu Tavisufleba ada- 

1 p. cnobilaZe. saqarTvelos kostituciuri samarTali. t. I. Tb., 2005, 

gv. 312. 

255


mianis kerZo sferos warmoadgens. 

termini piradi cxovreba, mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli 

adamianis kerZo sferosTan, rac adamianis rogorc calke aRebul 

individs SesaZleblobas aniWebs sakuTari arCevanisa da 

survilis mixedviT icxovros da misive piraduli Tvisebebis Tavisufali 

realizeba moaxdinos. 

piradi cxovrebis darRvevis yvelaze gavrcelebuli Sem- 

Txvevebi, mainc garkveulwilad presaSi gvxvdeba. iqneba es sura- 

Ti, statia Tu sxva, ra xSir SemTxvevaSi adamianis pativisa da 

Rirsebis Selaxvis gamoZaxils warmoadgens. am dros ki konfliqti 

warmoiSoba presis sazogadoebriv funqciasa da kerZo 

pirTa interesebs Soris, rac piradi cxovrebis da masTan dakav- 

Sirebuli saidumloebis gamoaSkaravebiT aris gamowveli. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavisufal da samarTlebriv sazogadoebaSi 

presis mniSvnelovani sazogado funqciebia: informaciis 

miwodeba, dialogi da kritika. 1 

aRniSnuli samive funqcia SeiZleba adamianis piradi cxovrebis 

sagans ukavSirdebodes, rac garkveulwilad pirovneis pativisa 

da Rirsebis Semlaxvel iaraRadac aRiqmeba da gamoiyeneba. 

imisTvis, rom ufro TvalsaCino gaxdes pirad cxovrebaSi 

pativisa da Rirsebi dacva, umjobesia ganvixiloT Tavad pirovneba 

da am kuTxiT presis roli da warmoSobili konfliqti. rogorc 

davinaxeT, adamiani Tavisi piraduli cxovrebidan gamomdinare 

SeiZleba ramdenime kategoriad davyoT: 

pirvel kategorias, miakuTvneben sazogado moRvaweebs, istoriul 

pirovnebebs, Tundac wamyvan politikosebs da sxva. 

gemaniis federalurma sasamarTlom Tavis erT-erT gadawyvetilebaSi 

kidev erTxel xazgasmiT aRniSna da daadastura, 

rom presas SeuZlia yovelgvari informaciisa da monacemebis 

gamoqveyneba, rasac mniSvneloba gaaCnia am pirovnebaTa sazogadoebrivi 

Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. aseve dasaSvebia maTi 

Tavisufali kritika, suraTebis gamoqveyneba nebarTvis gareSec 

da am mxriv sasamarTlo presisa da pirovnebis urTierTobis Tavisuflebis 

garkveul zRvarze saubrobs da es zRvari am dros 

Jurnalistis mier informaciis sinamdvilis WeSmaritebis dadgenasa 

da adamianis pativsa da Rirsebas Soris gadis. 2 

meore kategorias ganekuTvneba pirebi, romlebic TavianTi 

profesiuli saqmianobidan gamomdinare presis obieqtebi xdebian. 

am kuTxiT ki maT unda iTminon profesiuli saqmianobis gamo 

1 Paschke Marian. Medienrecht. Berlin 1993, Rn. 26-27, gv. 13 ff. 

2 

ixileT germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba: BGH, 

NJW 1979, gv. 2203. 

256


presaSi gamoqveyneba da kritika. amasTan presas moeTxoveba Tavi 

Seikavos iseTi faqtebisa da monacemebis gaSuqebisagan, rac araviTar 

kavSirSi ar aris pirovnebis profesiul saqmianobasTan 

da mis wminda piradul cxovrebas Seexeba. 1 

rogorc Cans pirad cxovrebaSi adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis 

dacva gansakuTrebiT rTuli msjelobis sagans warmoadgens, 

rodesac piradi cxvorebis detalebis presiT gamoqveyneba 

xdeba. savsebiT samarTliania daisvas kiTxva, dairRva Tu ara es 

ori fundamenturi ufleba, roca konfliqti mZafrdeba presis 

Tavisuflebis principebsa da adamianis piradi cxovrebis dacvis 

konstituciur uflebebs Soris rac pativisa da Rirsebis 

uflebis Selaxvas iwvevs. 

amrigad, pirad cxovrebaSi pirovnebis pativsa da Rirsebas 

gansakuTrebiT didi adgili ukavia, rac adamianis piraduli 

Tvisebebisa da uflebebis kompozitia, romelsac saqarTvelos 

samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsis XVIII muxlis II nawili kidev ufro 

akonkretebs da farTod Slis am konstituciur uflebebs, 

ris safuZvelzec pirs ufleba aqvs sasamarTlos meSveobiT moiTxovos 

im cnobebis uaryofa, romlebic laxavs mis pativs, Rirsebas, 

pirad saidumloebas, pirad xelSeuxeblobas an saqmian reputacias, 

Tu ki am cnobebis gamavrcelebeli ar daadasturebs, 

rom es faqtebi sinamdviles Seesabameba. 2 

TEIMURAZ BEZHOSHVILI 

THE PROTECTION OF HONOR AND DIGNITY AND 

NON-INTERFERENCE IN PRIVATE LIFE 

The following article ,,Defense of honor and dignity and non-interference 

in private life” scrutinizes the basic rights and freedoms of an individual. 

The article examines historical and legal origins and the development of 

the honor and dignity of an individual, the essence of honor and dignity, private 

life, including the matter of defense of honor and dignity of the private life of an 

individual. 

1 BGH, NJW 1987, gv. 2241. 

2 dawvrilebiT ixileT 2004w. 11 martis saqarTvelos sakonstitucio 

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba: `moqalaqe akaki gogiCaiSvili 

saqarTvelo parlamentis winaaRmdeg~, — http://www.constcourt.ge/index.php- 

lang_id=GEO&sec_id=22&id=117&action=show. 

257

adri kvaracxelia 


samegrelos (odiSis) samTavroSi 

moqmedi kanonebi 

odiSis anu samegrelos samTavro, rogorc qarTuli feodaluri 

saxelmwifo, qarTuli samarTlebrivi sivrcis ganuyofeli 

nawili iyo. germaneli mecnieri iohan giuldenStedti, romelmac 

saqarTveloSi 1771-1772 wlebi gaatara, wers, rom samegreloSi 

igive kanonebiao, rac saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi. 1 

XVI-XVIIIss. ganmavlobaSi odiSis samTavroSi moqmedi kanonebois 

Sesaxeb Zalian mwiri cnobebi gvaqvs. magaliTad, saeklesio 

samarTali samegreloSi, rogorc irkveva, ganiCineboda xobis 

taZris `Zveli iadgariT“, romelic Cven XI-XII saukuneebis 

gvgonia, 2 prof. goneli araxamia ki XVs. Zeglad miiCnevs. 3 

qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis es erT-erTi uZvelesi Zegli 

daculia Samadavle dadianis sakaTalikoso ,,sargos wignSi“, 

romelic 1470-1474 wlebs Sorisaa Sedgenili. Samadavle dadiani, 

`sargos wigni“-s im nawilis Sesaxeb, romelic sakaTalikoso 

sargos CamoTvlas moisdevs, gavuwyebs, rom `movikiTxeT iadagari, 

Zveldaca asre ewerao~ da amis Semdeg gvTavazobs im Zveli 

iadagaris teqstis mozrdil nawils, romelsac `xofuri samar- 

Tali“ an `xofis iadigari“ SeiZleba ewodos. erTaderTi am ZeglSi 

dasaTariReblad SeiZleba gamodges is, rom aq dasaurvebel 

fulad naxsenebia botinanti, romelic bizantiis imperator nikifore 

botiniantis (1078-1081) monetis saxelia. es moneta ki saqarTveloSi 

mimoqcevaSi iyo XI-XIIss. da XIIIs. damdegs. samar- 

Tlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom mkvlevarma manana saniZem 

pirvelma SeniSna am Zeglis siZvele da is Tvlis, rom `xofuri iadigari“ 

XIV saukuneze bevrad adre unda iyos Sedgenili. 4 

rac Seexeba `xofis iadigari“-s prof. g. araxamiseul daTariRebas 

(XVs. damdegi), is rom arasworia, Cans Tundac iqidan, 

rom XV-XVIss. gansxvavebiT, roca sisxlis uzomo didi fasebia 

sigelebSi mocemul (300000 TeTri, 20000 TeTri...) `xofuri iadigari“ 

1000 boniantis daurvebas iTxovs damnaSavisagan monas- 

1 

giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarTveloSi. germanuli teqsti qar- 

Tuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo g. gelaSvilma. 

t. I, Tb., 1962, gv. 319. 

2 b. kvaracxelia. qarTuli kanonmdeblobis Zegli `xofis iadigari“, — 

Jurn.: `riwa“. #1,1995, gv.153-154. 

3 g. araxamia. xofis taZris `Zveli iadigaris“ Sesaxeb, — Jurn.: `feniqsi“. 

#1,1996, gv. 109-111. 

4 m. sanaZe. glexoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi XV-XIII saukuneebSi. Tb. 

1979, gv. 154. 

258


tris ZmaTagan vinmesTvis ùpatiobis kadrebisaTvis“, ra XIV-XVI 

saukuneebis ZeglebSi warmoudgenelia. 

`xofis iadagari“ rom samegrelos samTavroSi samarTlis 

moqmed wyaros warmoadgenda, kargad Cans levan II dadianis mier 

1639-1657ww. Soris xobis saydarisTvis micemuli mamulebis ganaxlebis 

sigelidan, sadac naTqvamia: àwemelia da saydris kacebi 

icalebodes da davsxediT Cven, patroni dadiani levan da ka- 

Talikosi patroni maqsime maWutaZe da vnaxeo Zveli iadigari da 

srulad Cveni darbaiselni davsxiT da gavsinjeT da asre ewera 

wyeviT, rome Wvirisa da cus (Sua tye, wyali yovlad wamodis xofis 

RvTismSblis aris aucileblad)~. 1 

levan II am sigelSi sityviT aris citirebuli `xobis iadigari“. 

garda adgilobrivi sakanonmdebvlo aqtebisa, samegrelos 

samTavroSi, cxadia, danarCen saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonebic 

iyo moqmedebaSi. aseve erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan wyaros samegreloSi 

moqmedi samarTlisa, CveulebiTi samarTlismieri 

normebi warmoadgenda. 

saeklesio saqmeebze sasjelis gansazRvra samegrelos sam- 

TavroSi, XVI saukunis Sua xanebidan xorcieldeboda `kaTalikosTa 

samarTliT“, romelic 1543-1549 wels imereTsa da odiSis 

episkoposTa monawileobiT iqna miRebuli. 2 

XVIII saukunis I naxevridan, odiSis samTavroSi, iseve rogorc 

mTel danarCen saqarTveloSi, umTavres moqmed kanonad 

vaxtang VI samarTlis wigni gvevlineba. 

1821 wels saqarTveloSi namyofi frangi mogzauri pol gibeli, 

Tavsi dRiurSi wers: `megrelebi kargad laparakoben qar- 

Tulad, radgan mefe vaxtangis kanonTa krebuli da saeklesio 

wignebi swored am enazea dawerili~. 

imaze, rom samegrelos samTavroSi mefe vaxtangis samar- 

Tlis wigni moqmedi kanoni iyo, amas araerTi dokumenti uTie- 

Tebs. 1803w. samegrelos mTavari grigol dadiani saqarTvelos 

mTavarsardals, pavle cicianovs werda, rom moses mier dadgenil 

kanonTagan, aq jer kidev bevria ZalaSi da maT Soris sikvdiliT 

dasjaco. prof. mixeil kekelias savsebiT marTebuli SeniSvniT, 

aq, ueWvelad, vaxtang mefis kanonTa krebulzea laparaki, 

radgan masSi marTlac Sedis moses samarTlis wigni, sikvdiliT 

dasjas ki masSi Semaval qarTuli samarTlis sxva Zeglebic iTva- 

1 

qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi. t. II: saero sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi (X- 

XIss.). teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem. 

Tb., 1965, gv. 211. 

2 a. tuRuSi. kaTalikosTa samarTlis daTariRebisaTvis, saqarTvelos 

istoriis werlobiTi wyaroebis Seswavlis sakiTxebi, — respublikuri 

samecniero sesia. moxsenebaTa Tezisebi. Tb., 1987, gv.14. 

259

260 


liswinebdnen. 1 

1806 wels besarion Wyondidelisa faRavebis davis Sesaxeb 

ganCinebaSi naTqvamia: `Senoba, rom rame yofiliyos isic samar- 

Tlis wignis brZanebiT eklasias darCeboda, magram aRaraferi 

Senoba aris“. 2 ueWvelia, rom am `samarTlis wignSi~ igulisxmeba 

mefe vaxtang VI kanonTa krebuli, romelSic Semavali `samarTali 

berZnuli“-s wignis 262-e muxlis mixedviTac, marTlac sxvis 

miwaze aSenebuli saxli `miwis patronisa aris“. 3 erT, 1803-1811 

wlebs Soris Sedgenil ganCinebaSi miwaze davis Sesaxeb, naTqvamia, 

rom `daviareT is adgili da 1000 marCilad davafaseT da ficic 

am rigad gavaCineTo“. 4 sadavo sagnis Rirebulebis mixedviT 

moficarTa raodenobis gansazRvrisas, vaxtang VI samarTlis 

wignis XII muxli moiTxovs: `jer fasi unda dadvan da mere isre 

moficari Segdono“. 5 

1822 wels levan V mier mdivanbeg rostom CiqovanisaTvis 

boZebul wyalobis wignSi naTqvamia: ùSualod amowydnen da samarTlis 

wignis ZaliT CvenTvis samkvidrod darCa“. 6 cxadia, aq 

igulisxmeba vaxtang mefis samarTlis wignis 113-e muxli, romelSic 

naTqvamia, rom Tu vinme ùSualod amovarda, misi mamuli 

xelmwifisa aris, visac unda uboZos“. 

samegrelodan momdinare dokumentebSi xSirad pirdapir 

aris miTiTeba vaxtang VI samarTlis wignze. magaliTad: niko dadiani, 

romelic TiTqmis 25 weli samegrelos samTavros msajul- 

Tuxucesi anu sasamarTlos Tavjdomare iyo, Tavis dRiurSi 

araerTxel axsenebs „vaxtangis kanons“, rogorc samegrelos 

samTavroSi moqmeds. 7 1826 wlis 23 agvistos, rogorc am dRiuridan 

irkveva, niko dadins xonis `naCalnik“ arlovisaTvis miuweria: 

`gTxovT, am pertaias Tavisi qvrivi deda uboZoT, romelic 

hyavs gabriel qavTaraZes, radgan vaxtangis kanoni gaTavisuflebas 

brZanebs qvrivisas“. 8 

1839w., samegrelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevrebis, divan- 

1 

m. kekelia. sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi saqarTveloSi ruseTTan 

SeerTebamde. Tb., 1981, gv. 60. 

2 

saistorio arqivi, fondi 1448, s. #301. 

3 

qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi. t. I: vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebuli. 

teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem. 

Tb., 1963, gv. 189 

4 s. kakabaZe. dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi. w. II. tf., 1921, 

gv. 170. 

5 vaxtang VI. samarTlis wigni. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvlevaTa 

da terminTa saZiebeli daurTo Tina enuqiZem. Tb. 1955w., gv. 52 

6 zugdidis muzeumi, dok. #1388 

7 vaxtang VI. samarTlis wigni, gv.80. 

8 

niko dadiani. dasturlamali. - zugdidis muzeumi, xelnaw. wigni, gv.40


begebis - vaxtang Ciqovanis, elizbar dadianis da aleqsandre dadianis 

Semadgenel erT ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT: `vaxtang mefis 

kanoniT, radgan Caiwera mag gurulisagan naswyid mamulSi giorgela 

Tavis Zma petriela, amisaTvis veRar amoSlis, romelsac 

gvicxadebs ria anu muxlSid: Tu kacman mamuli raime iyidos TavisiT 

anu saerTo, misi aris, Tu Zma an saxlikaci wignad weria, 

gayraSid wili daedvebis kanonis amisa mixedviT“. 1 vaxtang VI samarTlis 

wignisa `ria~ anu 111-e muxlSi marTlac sityvasityviT 

weria odiSeli mdivanbegebis am ganCinebaSi citirebuli sityvebi. 

2 

1848 wels korcxeleli kozmavebisaTvis boZebul wyalobis 

sigelSi daviT dadiani wers: ,,Tqveni biZaSvili butia kozmava 

uZeod gardavida, romlisa danaSTomi misi sacxovrebeli Cems 

Cvens samTavro saxanod unda Semotanil iyos Cems samflobelosa 

Sina arsebulTa mefis vaxtangis kanonisamebr“. 3 

rogorc vxedavT am ukanasknel dokumentSi TviT odiSis 

mTavari acxadebs, rom mis samTavroSi mefe vaxtangis kanonebi. 

ase vrclad samegrelos samTavroSi vaxtang mefis kanonebis 

moqmedebis sakiTxs imitom SevexeT,rom niko dadianis dRiuris 

erTi adgilis arasworad (ufro zustad rom vTqvaT arasrulad) 

wakiTxvis gamo Tina enuqiZis mier am ormoci wlis win gamoTqmuli 

iqna mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac, vaxtang VI-is kanonebi 

samegrelos samTavroSi TiTqmis XIX saukunis 20-ian 

wlebSi jer kidev ar iyo samoqmedod SemoRebuli. 4 marTalia, es 

mosazreba prof. mixeil kekeliam savsebiT dasabuTebulad uayo, 

magram imis warmosaCenad, rom samegrelos samTavroSi me- 

XVIII saukunidan mis gauqmebamde - 1867 wlamde umTavres, moqmed 

daweril kanonebs, CveulebiTi samarTlis normebTan erTad, vaxtangis 

samarTlis wigni rom warmoadgenda, saWirod CavTvaleT, 

amis mamtkicebeli axali dokumentebis damowmeba. 

1 quTaisis muzeumi, saq. #441, gv.4 

2 vaxtang me-VI. samarTlis wigni, gv. 80 

3 saistorio arqivi, f. 1448, aRw. 1, saq. #3165 

4 T. enuqiZe. masalebi vaxtang VI samarTlis wignis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. 

_ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis xelnawerTa institutis 

moambe. t.1, Tb. 1959w. gv. 213. 

261

BADRI KVARATSKHELIA 


LAWS OF SAMEGRELO (ODISHI) PRINCEDOM OF GEORGIA 

Odishi or samegrelo as Georgian Feudal Kingdom was integral part of 

Georgian law system. Local church judical monument ,,Ladigar of shopa” as 

other canonic Law power in Samegrelo Kingdom. From the beginning of the 

18th century, in Odishi,as well as in the whole Georgian the main law was the 

“Book of Law” by Vakhtang VI. In Odishi (samegrelo) till abolishing of this 

Kingdom (1867) there were acting the written Laws as well as legal regulations 

of common law. 

262

avtorebi 

oTar gamyreliZe — iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, TinaTin 

wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da samarTlis instituti; 

guram naWyebia — iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, Tbilisis 

saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis sruli 

profesori; 

nikoloz (nugzar) gabriCiZe — iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, 

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis samarTlis departamentis 

sruli profesori; 

SoTa fafiaSvili — iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqar- 

Tvelos teqnikuri universitetis samarTlis departamentis 

sruli profesori; 

mixeil mamniaSvili — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo 

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis sruli profesori; 

Tea SayulaSvili — saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis 

samaraTlis departamentis doqtoranti. 

paata kobalaZe — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 

iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli profesori. 

ediSer futkaraZe —samarTlis doqtori; 

petre dauTaSvili — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo 

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli profesori; 

aleqsandre giorgiZe — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo 

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis asistent profesori; 

irma gabelia — iv. javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

doqtoranti, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 

kerZo samarTlis samecniero kvleviTi institutis mecnier 

TanamSromeli; 

gimzer alania — soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli 

fakultetis kriminalistikis laboratoriis gamge. 

jemal gaxokiZe — samarTlis doqtori, saqarTvelos teqnikuri 

universitetis samarTlis departamentis sruli profesori; 

vefxvia gvaramia — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 

iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli profesori; 

qeTevan jinWaraZe — samarTlis doqtori, saqarTvelos teqnikuri 

universitetis samarTlis departamentis asocirebuli 

profesori; 

daviT geferiZe — samarTlis doqtori, saqarTvelos saerTaSo- 

263

iso urTierTobaTa universitetis sruli profesori; 

avTandil xazalia — samarTlis doqtori, Tbilisis saerTaSoriso 

urTierTobaTa universitetis sruli profesori; 

qeTevan qoqraSvili — samarTlis doqtori, saqarTvelos teqnikuri 

universitetis samarTlis departamentis sruli profesori; 

asmaT gugava — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 


Tamar zarandia — samarTlis doqtori, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universtetisa da soxumis saxelmwifo 

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli 

profesori; 

Tea juReli — samarTlis doqtori, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis 

asocirebuli profesori; 

sofio gvaramia — iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo 

universitetis doqtoranti, soxumis saxelmwifo 

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis asistent profesori; 

lali gabisonia — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 


jano wulukiZe — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 


laSa gelantia — iv. javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

doqtoranti, soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis 

iuridiuli fakultetis asistent-profesori; 

qarTlos fridonaSvili — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo 

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli 

profesori; 

Teimuraz beJoSvili — samarTlis doqtori, saqarTvelos teqnikuri 

univetsitetis samarTlis departamentis asocirebuli 

profesori; 

badri kvaracxelia — samarTlis doqtori, soxumis saxelmwifo 

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli profesori. 

264

A U T H O R S 

Otar Gamkrelidze – Doctor of Juridical Science, Tinatin Tsereteli State and 

Law Institute; 

Guram Nachkebia – Doctor of Juridical Science, Full Professor of Tbilisi State 

University’s Law Faculty; 

Nikoloz (Nugzar) Gabrichidze – Doctor of Juridical Science, Full professor of 

Law Department at Georgian Tecnical University; 

Shota Phaphiashvili – Doctor of Juridical Science, Full professor of Law Department 

at Georgian Tecnical University; 

Mikheil Mamniashvili – PhD in Law, Full Professor of Sokhumi State University 

Law Faculty; 

Tea Shakulashvili – Post-Graduate Student of Law Department of Georgian 

Technical University; 

Paata Kobaladze – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State University 

Law Faculty; 

Edisher Phutkaradze – PhD in Law; 

Petre Dautashvili – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State University 

Law Faculty; 

Alexander Giorgidze – PhD in Law, Assistant Professor of Sokhumi State 

University Law Faculty; 

Irma Gabelia – Post-Graduate Student of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 

Reserve Assistant of Sokhumi State University private Law Institute; 

Gimzer Alania – Manager of Laboratory of Criminalitics of Faculty of Law of 

Sokhumi State; 

Jemal Gakhokidze – PhD in Law, Full Professor of Law Department at Georgian 

Technical University; 

Vephkhvia Gvaramia – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State 


Ketevan Jincharadze – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Law Department 

at Georgian Tecnical University; 

David Geperidze – PhD in Law, Full Professor of Georgian International University; 

Avtandil Khazalia – PhD in Law, Full Professor of Tbilisi International University; 

Ketevan Kokrashvili – PhD in Law, Full Professor of Law Department at 

Georgian Tecnical University; 

Asmat Gugava – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State University 

Law Faculty; 

Tamar Zarandia – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili 

Tbilisi State University and Sokhumi State University Law Faculty; 

Tea Jugheli – PhD in Law, Assistant Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi 

State University Law Faculty; 

265

Sophio Gvaramia – Post-Graduate Student of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State 

University, Assistant Professor of Sokhumi State University Law Faculty; 

Lali Gabisonia – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State University 

Law Faculty; 

Jano Tsulukidze – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State; 

Lasha Gelantia – PhD in Law, Assistant-Professor of Sokhumi State University 

Law Faculty University Law Faculty; 

Kartlos Pridonashvili – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State 


Teimuraz Bezhoshvili – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Law Department 

of Georgian Technical University; 

Badri Kvaratskhelia – PhD in Law, Associated Professor of Sokhumi State 

University Law Faculty. 

266

soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti soxumis saxelmwifo universitetis ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?