Sindrom Alice in Wonderland - Kalbe

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
GABA, topiramat (25 mg 1 x sehari saat tidur,
50-200 mg/hari), botulinum toxin tipe A (100
U), riboflavin (400 mg 1 x sehari), butterbur (50
mg 2x sehari, 100-150 mg/hari). 3
Guideline lain memberikan pilihan profilaksis.
Lini pertama: amitriptilin, propranolol, nadolol.
Lini ke dua: topiramat, gabapentin, venlafaksin,
kandesartan, lisinopril, magnesium, butterbur,
koenzim Q10, riboflavin. Lini ketiga: flunarizin,
pizotifen, divalproex sodium. 20
Penderita agar berhati-hati meminum sirup
obat batuk, tidak membeli obat tanpa resep
dokter, segera ke dokter terdekat bila mengalami
salah satu episode AIWS dan/atau migren.
Menghindari makanan dan minuman seperti:
alkohol, makanan mengandung nitrat, aspartam
(pemanis buatan), tiramin (biasa dijumpai
pada: daging yang sudah lama, diawetkan,
diasap, difermentasi, diasinkan; sebagian besar
produk/olahan daging babi, coklat, yoghurt,
kecap, shrimp paste, saus teriyaki, tofu, tempe,
alpukat, pisang, nanas, terung, ara, plum merah,
raspberries, kacang tanah, kacang Brazil,
kelapa, ragi), produk susu, keju, MSG (monosodium
glutamate) yang dijumpai dalam daging
yang diproses dan makanan China, kafein (dijumpai
pada kopi, soda, teh). 28
Dianjurkan menghindari dan berhati-hati
pada semua kondisi pemicu AIWS baik fisiolo-
gis dan perilaku, seperti: terlalu banyak atau
terlalu sedikit tidur, terlambat makan atau
tidak sarapan pagi, stres, kelelahan, menstruasi,
aktivitas fisik yang berat/berlebihan. Faktor
lingkungan yang perlu diperhatikan adalah
polusi suara (suara bising, berisik, nyaring), perubahan
cuaca, ketinggian, uap, asap, parfum,
kerlip lampu, cahaya yang menyilaukan. 29
PROGNOSIS
Umumnya anak dan remaja dengan AIWS
dalam kondisi sehat. Pada sebagian besar
penderita, berbagai gejala akan berhenti atau
menghilang setelah beberapa minggu. Hanya
sedikit yang gejalanya berulang atau muncul
sesaat setelah 1 – 3 tahun. 2,9,10
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Giannotti AM. Síndrome de “Alicia en el País de las Maravillas” e infección por virus de Epstein Barr. Arch. Argent. Pediatr. 2003; 101(1): 4 1-43.
2. Weidenfeld A, Borusiak P. Alice-in-Wonderland syndrome: a case-based update and long-term outcome in nine children. Childs Nerv Syst 2011;27:893–896.
3. Lewis DW. Pediatric Migraine. Neurol Clin 2009;27:481–501.
4. Evans RW, Rolak LA. The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. Headache 2004;44:1-2.
5. Kitchener N. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. Int. J. Ch. Neuropsychiatry. 2004;1(1): 107-112.
6. Todd J. The syndrome of Alice in Wonderland. Can Med Assoc J 1955;73:701–704.
7. Lippman CW. Certain hallucinations peculiar to migraine. J Nerv Ment Dis 1952;116: 346–51.
8. Drysdale GR. Kaethe Kollwitz (1867–1945): the artist who may have suffered from Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. J Med Biogr 2009;17:106-110.
9. Jürgens TP, Ihle K, Stork J-H, May A. “Alice in Wonderland syndrome” associated with topiramate for migraine prevention. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011;82:228-229.
10. Brna P, Dooley J, Gordon K, Dewan T. The Prognosis of Childhood Headache: A 20-Year Follow-up. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159:1157-1160.
11. Copperman SM. “Alice in Wonderland” Syndrome as a Presenting Symptom of Infectious Mononucleosis in Children: A Description of Three Affected Young People. Clin Pediatr
1977;16(2):143-146.
12. Evans RW, Rolak LA. The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. Headache 2004;44:1-2.
13. Hamed SA. A migraine variant with abdominal colic and Alice in wonderland syndrome: a case report and review. BMC Neurology.2010;10:2.
14. Kitchener N. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. Int. J. Ch. Neuropsychiatry. 2004;1(1): 107-112.
15. Tfelt-Hansen P, Le H. Calcitonin gene-related peptide in blood: is it increased in the external jugular vein during migraine and cluster headache? A review. J Headache Pain (2009)
10:137–143.
16. Chakravarty A. How triggers trigger acute migraine attacks: A hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses 2010;74:750–753.
17. Chand PK, Murthy P. Understanding a Strange Phenomenon: Lilliputian Hallucinations. German J Psychiatry 2007;10:21-24.
18. Farah MJ. Visual agnosia: disorders of object recognition and what they tell us about normal vision. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995.
19. Galletti, F., et al., Pathophysiological basis of migraine prophylaxis. Prog. Neurobiol.(2009);89(2):176-192.
20. Kazemi H, Gorji A. Migraine in Children and Adolescent. Iran J Child Neurology 2010;4(4):1-6.
21. Palmas MA, Cherci A, Stochino E, Congiu D, Zompo MD. Dopamine genes and migraine. J Headache Pain 2000;1:S153-S156.
22. Kitchener N. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. Int. J. Ch. Neuropsychiatry. 2004;1(1): 107-112.
23. Evans JJ, Heggs AJ, Antoun N, Hodges JR. Progressive prosopagnosia associated with selective right temporal lobe atrophy. A new syndrome? Brain 1995; 118: 1-13.
24. Kew J,Wright A, Halligan PW. Somesthetic aura: the experience of “Alice in Wonderland”. Lancet 1998;351:1934.
25. Kovnar EH. Migraine Variants and Mimics. In: Current Management in Child Neurology, Bernard L. Maria, Third Edition, BC Decker Inc. 2005, Chapter 8:46.
26. Larner A. The Neurology of ‘Alice’. ACNR. Jan/Feb. 2005;4(6):35-36.
27. Mehrotra S, Gupta S, Chan KY, Villalón CM, Centurión D, Saxena PR, et.al. Current and prospective pharmacological targets in relation to antimigraine action. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch
Pharmacol (2008) 378:371–394.
28. Silberstein SD. Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review). Neurology 2000;55:754–62.
29. Snow V, Weiss K, Wall EM, Mottur-Pilson C, AAFP, ACP-ASIM. Pharmacologic Management of Acute Attacks of Migraine and Prevention of Migraine Headache. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:840-
849.
30. Haut S. Differentiating Migraine from Epilepsy. Adv Stud Med 2005;5(6E):S658-S665.
31. Lapkin ML, Golden GS: Basilar artery migraine: A review of 30 cases. Am I Dis Child. 1978;132:278.
32. Nunn JA, Postma P, Pearson R. Developmental prosopagnosia: should it be taken at face value? Neurocase 2001; 7: 15-27.
33. Golden GS. The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome in Juvenile Migraine. Pediatrics 1979;63;517-519.
34. Pringsheim T, Davenport J, Becker WJ. Prophylaxis of migraine headache. CMAJ 2010;182(7):E269-E276.
CDK-191/ vol. 39 no. 3, th. 2012
187
CDK-191_vol39_no3_th2012.indd 187
4/3/2012 11:47:45 AM