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o princípio da fonte no direito tributário internacional atual indice

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AGOSTINHO TOFFOLI TAVOLARO<br />

Tendo em vista as características do mundo hodier<strong>no</strong>, em que as limitações<br />

ao poder jurisdicional dos Estados hoje se multiplicam, cumpre , inicialmente,<br />

descrever os mundos de ontem e de hoje, para, a seguir , enumerar as limitações<br />

que existem, delas fazendo avaliação quanto à sua equi<strong>da</strong>de.<br />

6.1 – O MUNDO DE ONTEM<br />

Descrevendo com McLURE 27 o mundo <strong>no</strong> século passado, podemos apontar:<br />

a) O comércio <strong>internacional</strong> consistia principalmente de bens tangíveis;<br />

b) A maior parte do comercio <strong>internacional</strong> era feita entre empresas sem<br />

vinculação entre si;<br />

c) Os serviços de telecomunicações eram operados por mo<strong>no</strong>pólios estatais ou<br />

por concessões, operando os prestadores desses serviços em um único<br />

país;<br />

d) As comunicações eram lentas;<br />

e) A presença física era geralmente exigi<strong>da</strong> para a condução dos negócios e<br />

prestação de quase todos os serviços;<br />

f) Os bens intangíveis eram relativamente sem importância;<br />

g) Embora existisse o investimento <strong>internacional</strong>, o capital tinha pouca<br />

mobili<strong>da</strong>de <strong>internacional</strong>;<br />

h) Havia certeza quanto ao país de residência de uma empresa;<br />

i) Quase a totali<strong>da</strong>de dos investimentos eram feitos <strong>no</strong> país do investidor;<br />

j) Juros e dividendos eram perfeitamente distinguíveis uns dos outros;<br />

27 McLURE, Charles E. Jr. Op.cit. p. 333, assim detalha: The way things were: At the risk of<br />

oversimplification, the world for which existing tax rules were created can be described in the<br />

following general terms: - international trade consisted primarily of tangible products; -most<br />

international trade occurred between unrelated entities; - telecommunications services were<br />

provided either by a state mo<strong>no</strong>poly or a regulated public utility; in either case, providers of<br />

telecommunications services operated only in one country; - communications were relatively slow; -<br />

a physical presence was generally required for the conduct of business, including the provision of<br />

almost all services; -intangible assets were relatively unimportant; - although international<br />

investment existed, capital was relatively immobile internationally; - the country of residence of a<br />

given corporation was unambiguous; - almost all investment occurred in the country of residence of<br />

the investor and almost all investment in corporations was by those living in the entity’s country of<br />

residence; - interest and dividends were readily distinguishable; - tax havens were, at most, a<br />

mi<strong>no</strong>r nuisance; and The United States was the undisputed eco<strong>no</strong>mic and political leader of the<br />

(<strong>no</strong>n-communist) world. (The European Union had <strong>no</strong>t yet been created; indeed, the countries of<br />

Europe and Japan were still recovering from the physical and eco<strong>no</strong>mic devastation of World War<br />

II).<br />

Av. Jesui<strong>no</strong> Marcondes Machado, nº 1077 – Campinas – SP – CEP 13090-721<br />

Fone: (19) 3252.2222 - Fax: (19) 3255.6652 - E-mail: atavolaro@lexxa.com.br<br />

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