Från begrepp till utforskande arbetssätt - Pedagog Stockholm

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Innehållsförteckning Sammanfattning............................................................................................................................................6 1. Inledning ...................................................................................................................................................8 1.1. Syfte ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2. Bakgrund...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Varför ska barn och ungdomar lära sig naturvetenskap? ............................................................................9 2.1. Naturvetenskapens väsen – Nature of Science.......................................................................................... 10 2.2. Naturvetenskapliga processer – Scientific Inquiry .................................................................................... 11 3. Teoretiska perspektiv ..............................................................................................................................12 3.1. Konstruktivism ........................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1. Begreppsförståelse............................................................................................................................. 13 3.1.2 Kritik mot konstruktivismen ................................................................................................................ 14 3.2. Kunskap som en social konstruktion.......................................................................................................... 15 3.3. Sociokulturellt perspektiv........................................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Artefakter ............................................................................................................................................ 16 3.3.2. Den proximala utvecklingszonen........................................................................................................ 16 3.4. Pragmatism................................................................................................................................................ 16 3.4.1 Erfarenhet och kontinuitet.................................................................................................................. 17 3.5. Fenomenografi........................................................................................................................................... 17 3.5.1. Variationsteorin.................................................................................................................................. 18 4. Aspekter av betydelse för lärande och undervisning i NO‐ämnena ...........................................................18 4.1. Språkets betydelse ..................................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.1. Språkbruk ........................................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.2. Metaforer ........................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.3. Språkutveckling .................................................................................................................................. 19 4.2. Estetik och naturvetenskap........................................................................................................................ 20 4.2.1. Estetiska värdeomdömen................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2. Estetiska verksamheter ...................................................................................................................... 21 4.3. Etik och naturvetenskap ............................................................................................................................ 22 5. Forskning om undervisning och lärande i NO‐ämnena..............................................................................23 5.1. Begreppsförståelse .................................................................................................................................... 23 5.2. Interaktion och kommunikation................................................................................................................. 24 5.3. Erfarenhet och kontinuitet......................................................................................................................... 25 5.4. Samarbete mellan lärare och forskare ...................................................................................................... 26 5.4.1. Learning studies ................................................................................................................................. 26 5.4.2. Space‐projektet .................................................................................................................................. 27
5.5. Framtida forskning..................................................................................................................................... 28 6. Att undervisa i NO‐ämnena i grundskolans tidigare år..............................................................................28 6.1. Produktiva frågor....................................................................................................................................... 30 6.2. Frihetsgrader ............................................................................................................................................. 31 6.3. Praktiska epistemologier ........................................................................................................................... 32 6.4. <strong>Pedagog</strong>isk dokumentation ....................................................................................................................... 32 6.5. Summativ och formativ bedömning........................................................................................................... 33 6.6. Datorer i NO‐undervisningen..................................................................................................................... 34 Referenser ..................................................................................................................................................35
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Från begrepp till utforskande arbetssätt - Pedagog Stockholm

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