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46sity of the houses has been largely ignoreduntil now. However, in my opinion,the spatial arrangements of housesin the registers do not lend themselvesto typological classification. It is notreally meaningful to classify and generalizethem, if we want to understandhousing conditions in the city in alltheir aspects. Similar to other Ottomanwritten documents, the Kadı registershave the potential to break the moldabout this subject containing numerousexamples of houses. Thus, it is possibleto investigate the examples individually.On the other hand, not only takenindividually but also all together, thehouses present information about domesticculture and the standards of thehouses. For this, quantitative analysiscan be made about space components.Yerasimos (2003) and Tanyeli (2003)investigated Istanbul houses in the 16thcentury with this method and revealedan Ottoman city of Istanbul contraryto common belief. In a similar manner,the Kadı registers give us the opportunityto evaluate the living conditions inthe city with the help of the analysis ofthe living spaces such as rooms, toilets,bathrooms, kitchens, barns etc. andput forward an idea about ordinaryand luxurious spaces and elements inthe houses. In addition, comparisonof the results of different periods anddifferent regions can be made for interpretingchanges and continuities aboutthe living and comfort conditions inthe houses. Analysis of the other datagroups are supportive of these evaluations.Finally, the data about expendituresfor the construction materials andcomponents used for repairing housesare also very interesting and valuablefor research about construction andbuilding materials of Ottoman houses.With the help of these data, it is possibleto comprehend the use of buildingmaterials and construction techniquesand to discuss Ottoman terminologyof these materials. Also, if the subjectis supported with the other archivaldocuments, the records in the Kadıregisters will become meaningful andOttoman housing construction will beclarified.9. ConclusionIn this article, in accordance withthe purpose, every case about thehouses in the court registers are examined,not remaining limited by thematerials we have been accustomedto use. That is because every case andthe data obtained from them is worthmentioning. The introduction of thismaterial, which allows a wide urbanarea to be seen from different anglesin the context of housing, will define avery efficient area to open up new discussions.The Kadı registers contain awide range of material with cases onvarious issues. As a result, they providean opportunity to examine the housesof different urban groups that show theexistence of a movement in the city exposedthrough the purchase and sale ofhouses. Moreover, the registers allowresearchers to study the houses of differenturban groups through the borrowingof money from people or waqfsby the way of a pledge or temporarysale of their houses. Furthermore, wecan study the houses rented to a tenantor transferred to another tenant, thosehouses granted to someone else or awaqf foundation or the houses inheritedand shared by the inheritors.The potential employment of thedata obtained from these cases is discussedin detail. In the light of thesedata, the houses of ordinary city-dwellerswho have not been much involvedin research about Ottoman housescan be re-examined and evaluatedin different contexts. We can now getinformation about the distribution ofhouses in different regions of the cityaccording to their financial values (saleand rental price) and by their dwellers’socioeconomic and ethno-religiousidentities in the 17th century. Havingthis information can help us start adiscussion about which factors mostdifferentiate the values of houses (locationin city or land appraisal, luxuriousspatial and construction elementssuch as bathroom, water supplementsetc.), what kind of living and comfortconditions the houses had and whetherthese conditions had changed in thecity throughout the century. All theseresearch possibilities lie within reachthanks to the help of the data obtainedfrom the Kadı registers.ITU A|Z • Vol 16 No 3 • November 2019 • H. G. Özkaya
47AcknowledgementThis research is funded by TU-BITAK (The Scientific and TechnologicalResearch Council of Turkey),National Young Researchers CareerDevelopment Program (3501) underthe grant no: 115K537. The authorwould like to thank TUBI-TAK, support is greatly appreciated.Archival documentsIstanbul Kadı Registers Sicil no. 3,(TSMA) 213, (TSMA) 225, (TSMA)246Rumeli Kadı Registers Sicil No. 35,80, 116, 139Bab Kadı Registers Sicil No. 3, 46Eyüb Kadı Registers Sicil No. 19, 49,50, 74, 75, 97Galata Kadı Registers Sicil No. 46,48, 64, 65, 89, 90,136Usküdar Kadı Registers Sicil No.133, 205, 240, 241, 296ReferencesArtan, T. (1989) Architecture Asa Theatre of Life: Profile of The EighteenthCentury Bosphorus (UnpublishedDoctoral Dissertation Thesis).Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Bektaş, İ. (2017) Muhasebe KayıtlarıIşığında 18. Yüzyılın İlk YarısındaÜsküdar Para Vakıfları (UnpublishedMaster’s Thesis). Sakarya UniversityInstitute of Social Sciences IslamicsEconomics and Finance Program.Beyaztaş, M. (2001) İslam HukukundaVakıf Gayrimenkullerin KirayaVerilmesi Usulleri ve İcareteyn (UnpublishedMaster’s Thesis). MarmaraUniversity, Institute of Social Sciences,Department of Islamic Law.Faroqhi, S. (2009) Orta Halli Osmanlılar17. yüzyılda Ankara ve Kayseri’deEv Sahipleri ve Evler. İstanbul:Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.Gönenç, Ö. F. (2014) XIX. yüzyılMardin Barınma Kültürü 1837-1866(Unpublished Master’s Thesis) MardinArtuklu University, Institute of Sciences,History of Architecture Program.Gözübenli, B. (1990) Bey’ Bi’l-Vefâ(Vefâen Satış) ve Bey’ Bi’l-İstiğlal.Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat FakültesiDergisi, 9, 109-119.Günay, R. (2012) Şer’iye SicillerindeMülk Alışverişleri: Kullanılan Usul veDil. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi SosyalBilimler Dergisi, 27, 15-24.Halaç, H. H. (2010) Kütahya ŞeriyeSicil Defterlerine Göre DomestikKültür, Barınma Koşulları ve Ev İç MekânıBileşenleri (1695-1902) (UnpublishedDoctoral Dissertation Thesis).Anadolu University, Institute of SocialSciences Department of Art History.Kaya, S. (2010) XVIII. Yüzyıl SonlarındaÜsküdar Vakıflarının GelirKaynakları. Dîvân DisiplinlerarasıÇalışmalar Dergisi, 15(29), 95-132.Mesci, Ç. (2017) İstanbul KadıSicilleri Işığında Bey‘ Bi’l İstiğlâlAkidleri, Unpublished Master’s Thesis,Marmara University, Institute of SocialSciences, Economic History Program.Şenyurt, O. (2018) Osmanlı’da MimariMekan ve Yaşam Zamanın MekanlarıMekanın Zamanları. İstanbul:Doğu Kitabevi.Tanyeli, U. (2003) Norms of DomesticComfort and Luxury in OttomanMetropolises Sixteenth to EighteenthCenturies. The Illuminated Table, TheProsperous House, (ed. Suraiya Faroqhi,Christoph K. Neumann). Würzburg:Ergon-Verl., 301-316.Turan, M. F. (2015) Bey’ Bi’l-Vefâve Bey’u’l-Îne ile Mukayeseli OlarakGünümüz Repo İşlemlerinin FıkhîBoyutu. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyatFakültesi Dergisi, 14(27), 117-146.Yelek, K. (2016) Bir FinansmanYöntemi Olarak Kullanılan Bey‘ Bi’l-Vefânın İslam Hukuku AçısındanDeğerlendirilmesi. İslam HukukuAraştırmaları Dergisi, 27, 257-286.Yerasimos, S. (2003) Dwellings insixteenth-century Istanbul, The IlluminatedTable, The Prosperous House, (ed.Suraiya Faroqhi, Christoph K. Neumann),Würzburg: Ergon-Verl., 275-300.Case issues and data on houses in the 17th century Istanbul Kadı registers
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