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Sinhala / සිංහල - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation

Sinhala / සිංහල - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation

Sinhala / සිංහල - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation

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©2006 <strong>Berghof</strong> Research Center <strong>for</strong> Constructive <strong>Conflict</strong> Management<br />

www.berghof-handbook.net


376<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda<br />

idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

(Wibke Hansen, Oliver Ramsbotham, Tom Woodhouse)<br />

1' ye¢kaùu<br />

iS;, hqoaOh wjika jQ ld,fha isg tlai;a cd;Skaf.a idu idOkh iïnkaOfhka jQ<br />

ixl,am iy Ndú;h hk ldrKd folu iEfyk m%udKhl fjkiaùïj,g Ndckh ù we;'<br />

iS;, hqoaOh mj;sk ld,fha § yuqod fhoùu idudkHfhka ls%hd;aul lrk ,oafoa wmlaImd;S<br />

iy .egqïj, fh§ isák md¾Yjhka f.a wkque;sh iys;j n,y;aldrfhka f;dr ueÈy;aùu iy<br />

m%;sm;a;s u; iy iduh ms


tys YlH;djh flfrys wjodkh fhduq lrkafkuq' tfia lsÍfï § wruqKq folla flfrys<br />

wjOdkh fhduq flfrkjd we;' tla w;lska m%pKav;ajh me;sÍu je


378<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

id¾:l úh' ta wkqj th wkd.; fufyjr i|yd jákd wdo¾Y jYfhka fhdod.;a m%;sm;a;s<br />

ud,djla ia:dms; lf


ilS%h fufyjr ixLHdj<br />

yuqodj,ska odhl jk rgj,a<br />

hqo yuqoduh Ng msßia<br />

isú,a fmd,sia Ng msßia<br />

cd;Hka;r isú,a mqoa.,hka<br />

jd¾Isl tlai;a cd;Skaf.a whjeh<br />

5<br />

26<br />

9570<br />

35<br />

1516<br />

fvd,¾<br />

ñ,shk<br />

230'4<br />

Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

fldgqj 1(<br />

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a idu idOkfha j¾Okh 1988- 2000<br />

1988 1992 1994 2000<br />

11<br />

56<br />

11"495<br />

155<br />

2206<br />

fvd,¾<br />

ñ,shk<br />

1689'6<br />

17<br />

76<br />

73393<br />

2130<br />

2260<br />

fvd,¾<br />

ñ,shk 3610<br />

14<br />

89<br />

30350<br />

7038<br />

3243<br />

fvd,¾<br />

ñ,shk<br />

2"220<br />

idu idOl fufyhqïj, fuu meyeÈ,s j¾Okh legqj hk uQ,sl fjkialula jkafka<br />

tajdfha iajNdjhhs' ke;skï jvd;a meyeÈ,sj i|yka lrkafka kï tajdfha ld¾hNdrh iy<br />

ixhq;shhs' idïm%odhsl fufyhqï yd ne£ ;snQ ;ks ld¾hNdrh nyqúO ld¾h f.dkakla olajd<br />

j¾Okh ù ;sfí' ta w;ru mYapd;a iS;, hqoaO idu idOl fufyhqïj, ixhq;sh jvd;a úúO iy<br />

ixlS¾K ù ;sfí' idu idOl ld¾hfha fhfok whj¨ka n|jdf.k we;af;a mq¿,a jQ úúO /<br />

lshdj, fhfok ^yuqod" isú,a" fmd,sia iy ;dkdm;s fiajh& fukau úúO cd;Skag yd ixialD;Skag<br />

wh;a msßia w;=ßks' kQ;k idu idOkh ±ka nyq md¾Yaùh" nyqudml" nyqcd;sl iy nyq<br />

ixialD;sl jYfhka ksis f,i y÷kajd Èh yelsh'<br />

nyq md¾Yaùh hkafkka yefÕkafka lsishï fufyhqula i|yd ;,hka lsysmhlg wh;a<br />

ls%hdldÍkaf.a iyNd.S;ajhhs' fuu ls%hdldÍka .egqïj,g iïnkaO úh yels md¾Yajhka" iyNd.S<br />

jk idu idOkfha fh§ isákakka fukau tlai;a cd;Ska iy fjk;a cd;Hka;r ls%hdldÍka úh<br />

yelsh'<br />

nyqcd;sl yd nyqixialD;sl hk mohkaf.ka fhdackd lrkafka idu idOl n,ldhg<br />

úúOdldr jQ mrdihkaf.ka iukaú; cd;Ska fyda ksfhdað;dh;kj,ska n|jd.kq ,nk yuqod<br />

iy isú,a lKavdhï h' fï iEu lKavdhulau ;u ;ukag wdfõKsl jkakdjQ foaYmd,k yd<br />

ixialD;sl miqìu" .egqï ;;a;ajhka ms


380<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

fuu fufyhqï nyqudkl jk w;r thg yuqodj isú,a fmd,Sish iy fjk;a isú,a<br />

fldgia tl;= lr.kq ,efí' ta ish¨ fldgia ;u ;ukaf.a ksYaÑ; ld¾hNdrhka bgq lrhs<br />

^fldgqj 2 n,kak&' yuqod fldgia" tkï tlai;a cd;Skaf.a idudðl rdcHhka odhl jQ f.dvìï"<br />

kdúl iy .=jka hk yuqod" ikakoaO iy ikakoaO fkdjk Nghkaf.ka iukaú; fõ¦ thska<br />

fojkqj i|yka lrk ,o lKavdhu ks;ru ye¢kafjkafka yuqod ksÍlaIlhka hkqfjks' wjYHfhkau<br />

yuqod fldgfia ld¾hNdrh jkafka iydhl N+ñldjl fiajh lsÍuhs' isú,a fldgiaj,g ;u<br />

ld¾hhka lrf.khdug yelsjk mßÈ wdrlaId iys; mßirhla ;yjqre lsÍu iy mj;ajdf.k hdu<br />

tu ld¾hNdrhhs' idu idOl fufyhqïj, § isú,a fmd,sia wxYh o w;sYhska jeo.;a fldgialrefjda<br />

fj;s' Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh isú,a yd yuqoduh ls%hdldÍka w;r mj;sk tlls' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a<br />

wdrlaIl uKav,fha wêldßh hgf;a fufyhqïj, fhfokakdjQ cd;Hka;r fmd,Sia wëlaIlfhdaa<br />

wdrlaId iys; mßirhla we;s lsÍfuys iy uyck úkh mj;ajdf.k hdu iïnkaOfhka Woõ<br />

fj;s' wjidk jYfhka iuyrúg yuqod fldgi blaujk ;rï iEfyk úYd, isú,a ck fldgila<br />

o fõ' fï fldgi m%Odk lKavdhï follska iukaú;h' m


ixrplh lD;Hh<br />

l,yldÍka u; t,a, lr yels m%n, n,mEu u.ska Yla;sh ,nd.kakd yuqod ixrplh<br />

fuka fkdj isú,a fldgfia n, moku úh yelafla rdcH ;dka;%sl" wd¾Ól" kHdhd;aul"<br />

úµd;aul iy ;dCIKsl" udkqIjd§" kS;suh mokula fyda fïjdfha ixl,khls' ls%hd;aul<br />

lrk ,o úúO ls%hdjka iy mejreï iïnkaOfhka .;a l, isú,a fldgi Wm fldgia fyda<br />

uQ,hka y;rla jk mßÈ ;jÿrg;a fnÈh yelsh' tkï foaYmd,k" ue;sjrK" udkj ysñlï iy<br />

udkqIjd§ f,isks'<br />

1988 miqj ls%hd;aul lrk ,o fufyjr tajd ls%hd;aul úh hq;= uQ,O¾u meyeÈ,s lrk yuqod<br />

kHdhhkag wkqj hk ixisoaê .fõIKh<br />

• udkj ysñlï m%j¾Okh<br />

udkqIjd§ uq,sldx.h (<br />

• udkqI wdOdr iemhqu ^wdydr yd fjk;a yÈis wdOdr&<br />

• irKd.;hska ishrg heùu l%shd;aul lsÍu<br />

• úia:dms; mqoa.,hska h


382<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

úfYaIfhkau tys idu idOl wxYh fmkS f.dia ;sfnkafka t;rï Okd;aul yeÕSï okjk<br />

whqrlska fkdfõ'<br />

kj ld¾hhkag iy wNsfhda.j,g fhda.H jk mßÈ ilid .,md .ekSug m%h;ak<br />

orkjd;a iu. uE; jirj,§ idu idOk lghq;= úúOdx.SlrKh ù ;sfnk w;r;=r idu idOl<br />

fufyjr ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nkakd jQ ikao¾N yd mßir o jvd;a ixlS¾Kh ù ;sfí' fldaif.dafõ<br />

´tka hQ iS (ONUC) iy f,nkkfha hq tka whs t*a whs t,a (UNIFIL) fuka jH;sf¾lhka ;snqfKa<br />

ù kuqÿ 1990 .Kkaj,g fmrd;=j ixúOdkh lrk ,o fndfyda idu idOl fufyhqï idudkHfhka<br />

ls%hd;aul jQfha wjir we;s mßirhkays §h' tu wjia:dfõ§ Tjqkag /£ isàug i;aldrl<br />

wdKavqj, wkqu;h iy iyfhda.h ,enqKs' 1990 .Kkaj, § fufyjr jeä jeäfhka ls%hd;aul<br />

lrk ,oafoa wNHka;r hqo ;;a;ajhka hgf;a fyda ixlS¾K foaYmd,k yÈis wjia:d fijKe,s<br />

hgf;a h' fuu ;;a;ajh isú,a iy wNHka;r hqo ;;a;ajhka jYfhka o ks¾jpkh l< yelsh'<br />

fujeks wjia:dj, § tlai;a cd;Skag ksr;=reju ls%hd lsÍug n, flrefKa kS;s fkd;lkakdjQ<br />

iy m%pKavldÍ ;;a;ajhka hgf;a h' fuu wjia:djkays § igkaldó iy w¾O yuqod lKavdhï<br />

iajdëk wdldrfhka ls%hd lr;s' fuys§ wkqu;h w¾O jYfhka úh yels w;r tlai;a cd;Skaf.a<br />

ksfhdað;dh;k fndafydaúg .egqïj,g;a úfrdaOhkag;a ,la fõ'<br />

fmdÿfõ rg wNHka;rfha we;sjk hqoaOh ksid iy w;sYh m%pKav jQ isú,a .egqïj,<br />

n,mEu fya;= fldg f.k bÈßm;a jkakd jQ wNsfhda. idu idOk ls%hdj,s ms


wu;rj m


384<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

fuys wruqK jkafka isú,a ck;dj wdrlaId lsÍug wiu;aùu je


Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

cd;Hka;r ñ,sgß m%cdfõ Èfkka Èk jeäjk fldgila úiska ms


386<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

hk fldgia fol úiskau fuu lafIa;% fol mg,jd f.k Wmqgd ±laùu jeä ù we;' .egqï<br />

ksrdlrKh ms


f.!rjh" wju n,h mdúÉÑ lsÍu" úYajdikSh;ajh iy mdroDYH Ndjh hk m%;sm;a;s u;h' t<br />

fuka u th .egqï ksrdlrK l%ufõo j¾. lsysmhlg iïnkaO fõ' WodyrKhla jYfhka<br />

hym;a ikaksfõokhla m%j¾Okh lsÍfï" idlÉPd lsÍfï iy ueÈy;aùfï ;dCIKsl iy yoj;a<br />

iy is;a Èkd.ekSug m%udKj;a jk iïm;a odhl;ajhla we;s ls%hdldÍ isú,a lghq;= ms


388<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

² m%cd úIh ( nyq m%cd iudc ixhq;shl ,laIKhkaf.ka iukaú; iudc" l,amj;sk iudc<br />

.egqïj, wdrïNl ia:dkhhs'<br />

² udkj wjYH;d( fuhska yefÕkafka m%úIag ùfï wjYH;d ^iudcfha jeo.;a hehs ie,flk<br />

wdh;kj, lghq;=j,g iyNd.Sùu&" ms


we,afíkshdkqjka ueÈy;a ùu ì%;dkH w.ue;s fgdaks íf,hd¾ mokï lr f.k we;af;a fkafgdaj<br />

úiska ms


390<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

ñ,sgß n,h fhoùfï ls%hdoduhlg we§hdug fndfyda úg bvlv ;sfí' ta wkqj zfud.äIq<br />

f¾LdjZ ;rKh lsÍfï wk;=reodhl ;;a;ajh j¾Okh lr .ekSuhs' tkï" me;s .ekSu iy<br />

.egqug Rcqju we§hduhs' .egqï ksrdlrKfha b,lal iy .egqïj,g miqj iduh f.dvkexùï<br />

fj; kdNs.; fjñka idu idOk ls%hdj,sfha wkque;sh m%j¾Okh lsÍfï udkh flfrys idu<br />

jD;a;slhka ie,ls,su;aj kshef,kafka ke;skï Tjqkag fuu w¨;a u;h hgf;a uyd mßudKfha<br />

hqoaOhlg ueÈy;aùfï wk;=reodhl ;;a;ajhlg uqyqK §ug isÿjkq we;'<br />

ì%;dkH iy weußldkq idu idOl u;h idu idOkfha § wkque;sh m%j¾Okh lsÍfï<br />

l%ufõohkaf.a jeo.;alu b;d meyeÈ,sj ms


Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

úi÷ï ,nd§u i|yd ;reõldrlï lsÍu;a wfkla w;g ixialD;sl m%cdj ms


392<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

ixialD;Ska w;r m%;smCI;dj iy tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka Ndú;djka w;r m%;smCI;dj<br />

we;a; jYfhkau úiauhdjy fjhs' iïm%odhdkql+, ñ,sgß Ñka;kh wkqj úreoaOjd§ wú.;a msßia<br />

iu. idlÉPd lsÍu .ek igka je§ isák yuqodjkag W.kajd ke;¦ ta fjkqjg W.kajd we;af;a<br />

Tjqka úkdY lsÍugh' jvd wka;hg fkd.sh WodyrKhla jkafka b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s lr §<br />

we;s mßÈ ksr;=rej isÿjk mejreula jk jg,d mßlaId lsÍfï fufyhqu iïnkaOjhs' igka<br />

je§fï § yd idu idOkfha § ta isÿjk idudkH fohls' igka jÈk fufyhqul f.dvke.s,a,l<br />

fodrla újD; lsÍfï § wkq.ukh lrk idudkH l%uh jkafka th mqmqrejd újD; lsÍu jeks iq¿<br />

fohls' idu idOl yuqod tu ld¾hhg ±ka m%fõY úh hq;af;a w;sYh ÿIalr l%ufõohla jk<br />

fodr újD; lsÍug ksjeishka fmd


.ek" fjk;a ikao¾N j,g wod


394<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

² tys idu idOl iy iduh f.dvkexùfï m%h;akhkays § mj;akd jQ m%dfoaYSh wêldÍ iy<br />

m%cdfõ jeäysáhkaf.a ud¾.fhka tajd ls%hd;aul ùu jvd;a fhda.H fõ' tys idu mshjr<br />

m%foaYhg wdfõKsl .egqï ksrdlrK jHjydrhkag ióm jk mßÈ ilia lr.; hq;=h'<br />

tfia lsÍfï § fuu idu m%h;ak udkj ysñlï ms


Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

² lsishï fufyhqula kj;d ouk wjia:dfõ § .egqïj,g miqj iduh f.dvkexùfï ld¾hhg<br />

iyfhda.hla jYfhka ljr wdldrfha iïm;a rg ;=< ;nd hd yels o hk ldrKhg ie,ls,a,<br />

fhduq l< hq;=h'<br />

ks¾foaYh ;=< ms


396<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

jvd;a WmdhYS,S ;,hkays § 1990 .Kkaj,g miqj u;= jq cd;Hka;r .egqï l


wxY y;r y÷kajkq ,nkafka —isõ geU˜ hkqfjks' m


398<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

fufyjr m%udKfhka l=vd ùug bv we;s w;r" ta wh jD;a;sh uÜgfuka jvd;a ixúOdkh úh<br />

hq;= fõ¦ ljrodg;a jvd fyd¢ka iQodkï jQ mqyqKq ù iy iïmdokh ù isáh hq;=h'<br />

jdikdjlg fuka" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uKav,h ielh" iajhx úfõpkh iy<br />

wka;rdjf,dalkh iys; jQ ld, mßÉfþohlska miqj ;u idu idOk yelshdj ÈhqqKq lr .ekSu<br />

wdrïN lr we;s njg meyeÈ,s ,laIK we;' laIKsl úysÿfï ñ;=rka hkqfjka fmdÿfõ i|yka<br />

lrkq ,nk" o< jYfhka rdcHhka 27 la laIKslj úysÿul fhoúh yels fufyjrl m%Odk<br />

ld¾hd,hla (RDMHQ) ia:dmkh lsÍu i|yd iyfhda.h f.dvkxjñka isà' iduidOk fufyhqï<br />

fomd¾;fïka;=jg (DPKO) ,nd.; yels idu idOl iïm;aj, {Kd;aul Ndjh iy mrdih<br />

ÈhqKq lsÍfï m%h;akhla jYfhka 1994 § tlai;a cd;Skaf.a fmdfrd;a;= ie,iqï l%uhla (UNSAS)<br />

ks¾udKh lrk ,§' jvd;a uE;l§ fvkaud¾l wdKavqj nyqcd;sl wê iQodkï fmdfrd;a;=<br />

fiakdxlhla (SHIRBRIG) ixúOdkh lf


Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

jYfhka ú,alskaikaf.a ;lafiarej wkqj fndfyda wdrlaIl wud;HdxY th m%udKj;a fkdjk<br />

njg ks.ukh lrkq we; ^ú,alskaika 2000&'<br />

idu idOkfha wkd.;h .ek fuu mdvï ie,ls,a,g Ndckh lr we;s njg n%dysñ<br />

jd¾;dfõ (UN 2000) idCIs we;' fuu jd¾;dj iïmdokh lrk ,oafoa fld*S wkka úiska<br />

le|jk ,o uKav,hla u.sks' tu uKav,fha iNdm;s jQfha we,aÔßhdfõ ysgmq úfoaY wud;H<br />

,lavd¾ n%dysñh' tys ;SrK uKav,h u.ska 2000 wf.daia;= ui m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,§' idu<br />

fufyhqï i|yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a Odß;dj j¾Okh lr .ekSug mq¿,a wka;rhl me;sreKq<br />

ks¾foaY iuQyhla tys olajd ;snqKs' tys wruqK jQfha yuqod fhoùfï wjêhg fmr iufha §<br />

ie,iqï iy.; wdldrhg tajd iQodkï lsÍfuka wid¾:l ;;ajhka j


400<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

hg;a fj;s' fâúâ ,diaÜf.a jpkj,ska lshefjk wkaoug fkdueÍ Ôj;a jkafka ±ä u;<br />

orkakka muKla nj Tjqkg ta;a;= hhs ^,diaÜ 2000-82& fhdackd lrkafka (<br />

hqoaOfhka we,,S .sh iudcj, iduh iy iyfhda.h kej; f.dvkexùu<br />

i|yd we;a; jYfhkau wmf.a yelshdfõ ysveia folla we;' m


Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

uE;l§ isÿ lrk ,o úysÿïj,§ kej; kej; u;=jk" m%cdj yd fm!oa.,sl wdrlaIdj<br />

iïnkaO m%Yakhla jkafka wdmiq meñfKk irKd.;hkaf.a wdrlaIdj yd udkj ysñlï iy<br />

wkdrlaIs; mßißhla i|yd wdrlaIdj iemhSuhs' th wjYH jkafka tjka mßirhl jHdmdr we;s<br />

lsÍu iy m%cd;ka;%jd§ foaYmd,k jHdmD;s ia:dmkh lsÍu i|ydh' fuu m%Yakj,g ie,ls,a,<br />

fhduq lsÍug wdOdrlhla jYfhka m%pKav;ajh md,kh lsÍu iy kS;sfha wdêm;Hh ia:dmkh<br />

lsÍu i|yd mq¿,a mrdihlska hq;a m%fõYhla we;s l< hq;= njg fâúâ ,diaÜ iy ;j;a wh woyia<br />

olaj;s' fndfyda idu idOk fufyhqïj,§ ñ,sgÍ yuqod úysÿjkq ,nkafka iduh mj;ajdf.k<br />

hdu i|ydh' bka miqj isú,a fmd,sia yuqod l%ufhka mqyqKq fldg bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí'<br />

M,odhS ia:dkSh fmd,sia lghq;= i|yd jQ wjYHfhkau l< hq;= fuu ixl%dka;s flfia<br />

jqjo ir, fohla fkdfõ' isú,a fmd,Sishg (CIVPOL) iy cd;Hka;r fmd,sia mqyqKqlrejkag<br />

th mqyqKq fldg id¾:l ia:dkSh fmd,sia yuqodjla jYfhka kS;s.; lsÍug §¾> ld,hla .;<br />

úh yels w;r" iudch ;=< Ôj;ajk ck;djg /ljrKh imhd §fï § fmd,Sish ork m%h;akh<br />

.ek ck;dj ;=< úYajdih we;s lsÍu idudkHfhka yÈis lghq;a;ls' uQ,sl idu idOk úysÿug<br />

wkqmQrl ñ,sgß fmd,sia n,ldhka iy idudkH fmd,sia lghq;=j, fhfok msßia mQ¾K wdldrfhka<br />

taldnoaO úh hq;= nj ,diaÜ fhdackd lr we;'<br />

fï ms


402<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

wdrlaIdj<br />

md,kh<br />

iykdOdr<br />

ixj¾Okh<br />

h


Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

ixj¾Okh iy iu.sh h


404<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

iu;=,s; cd;sl cd;Hka;r ixhq;shlska hqla; ù ;sîuhs' ta fya;=fjka mq¿,a mrdihl msysá<br />

iduh f.dvkexùfï ksmqK;d fuu lKavdhï ;=< iEu wjia:djl§u ksfhdackh fõ' fuys<br />

m%;sM,hla jYfhka Tjqyq foaYSh m%Yakj,g foaYSh úi÷ï fiùu i|yd iu l< fkdyels yelshdjlska<br />

Yla;su;a ù isà;s'<br />

tlai;a cd;Ska úiska ±kg —ixlS¾K idu fufyhqï˜ hk mdGfhka y÷kajkq ,nk<br />

úúO wxYhkag;a taldnoaO;dj i|yd jvd;a úYd, jQ Odß;djla ,nd§fï wjYH;dj n%dysï jd¾;dfõo<br />

úfYaIs; jYfhka ±la fõ' ksrdlrK fldaKj,ska i,ld n,k l, b;d jeo.;a fia fmkS<br />

hkafka iduh iy wdrlaIdj i|yd jk úOdhl lñgqj tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iaÒr jQ Odß;dj<br />

Yla;sula lsÍu i|yd ie,eiaula we;s lsÍug ksfhda. lr we;s njhs' ta iduh f.dvkexùfï<br />

ks¾udKh lsÍu fukau tu l%fudamdhhka wdOdr jk wdldrfha fhda.H jQ jevigyka ls%hd;aul<br />

lsÍuhs' th ñ,sgß wdrCIK ld¾hh fjkqfjka id¾:lj wdfoaY lsßu yd j¾Okh i|yd jvd<br />

taldnoaO jQ;a isú,a mqrjeis N+ñld wfmaCId lrk w;r u mYapd;a .egqï idu f.dv keÕ=u i|yd<br />

wod< iqúfYaIs wNsfhda.hkag úiÿï o wfmaCId lrhs'<br />

wêlrK" oKavk" udkj ysñlï yd wfkl=;a úfYI{hska jvd;a id¾:l mq¾j fufyhqï<br />

iQodkï ùula wkqu; flfrk w;r Tjqka isú,a fmd,sia úfYI{hska o iuÕ tlaj —kS;sfha<br />

wdêm;H˜ úoHd¾:S lKavdhï idod.kq we;' jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka" idu idOkfha .egqï ksrdlrK<br />

mßudKhkag wkqrEm j iduh yd wdrCIdj ms


±kg ls%hd;aul jk tlai;a cd;Skaf.a idu idOk fufyjrj,ska jeä fldgila<br />

;ukaf.a ld¾hNdrhka w¾: ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka iïm%odkql+,jhs( Tjqyq úúO rgj,<br />

igka úrdu .súiqï iy ksrdhqo lsÍfï .súiqï .ek fidhd n,;s' tu ia:dk kï ueo<br />

fmrÈ." bkaÈhdj yd mlsia:dkh" ðfhda¾ðhdj iy b;sfhdamshdj yd tßÜßhdj fõ& jvd;a<br />

n,j;a wNsfhda.d;aul mrud¾: jkafka fmd,sia lghq;= yd kS;sfha wdêm;Hh Yla;su;a<br />

lsÍuhs' j¾;udkfha § fuh fndiakshd" fldfidafjda uyd kef.kysr áfudarfha idu<br />

idOk fufyhqïj, § wjYH ù we;' tys§ fmd,sia lghq;= iy .egqï ksrdlrK lghq;=<br />

jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï wjYH;dj u;= ù ;sfí' m%cd;ka;%jd§ fldxf.da ck rch ;=< tlai;a<br />

cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha fufyjr (MONUC) mQ¾K wdldrfhka fufyhjd we;akï fuu<br />

jd¾;dfõ y÷kajd § we;s mdvï iuQyhu fufyhqug iïmQ¾K jYfhka taldnoaO lr .ekSu<br />

wjYH fõ'<br />

8' wkd.; úl,am<br />

Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh tlu úIhhla iïnkaOfhka l;d lsÍug wdrïN<br />

lr we;s w;r" m%dfhda.sl jYfhka lafIa;% folg wod< ixl,am jvd;a fyd¢ka Ndú; lsÍu<br />

ms


406<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

idu lghq;=j,g wdOdr lsÍug yd w¾nqo l


Wl=iafida iy mfrúfhda idu idOkh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh<br />

idu idOl fufyhqï i|yd ;SrKh lr we;s j¾;udk jd¾Isl whjeh o o< jYfhka ta yd<br />

iudk jkafkah'<br />

fuu úfYaI fhdackdj w¾O ñ,sgß wdlD;shl jHQyhka w;s uy;a wkaoñka mokï<br />

lrf.k ;sìh yels kuq;a th yÈis wjYH;djla .ek fmkajd §ula lrhs' th kï isú,a<br />

w¾nqo l


408<br />

úífla yekaika" T,sj¾ /ïiafnd;ï" fgdï jqâyjqia<br />

9' wdYs%; .%ka: iy w;sf¾l lshùï<br />

Annan, K. 1997. "Peace Operations and the United Nations: Preparing <strong>for</strong> the New Century," <strong>Conflict</strong><br />

Resolution Monitor, Issue 1, (Centre <strong>for</strong> <strong>Conflict</strong> Resolution, Department of Peace Studies,<br />

University of Brad<strong>for</strong>d).<br />

Azar, E. 1990. The Management of Protracted Social <strong>Conflict</strong>: Theory and Cases, Darmouth: Aldershot.<br />

Beattie, Clayton 1983 "Canadian Army," in H. Wiseman (ed.), Peacekeeping: Appraisals and Proposals,<br />

Ox<strong>for</strong>d: Pergammon Press.<br />

Betts, R.K. 1994. "The Delusion of Impartial Intervention," Foreign Affairs, 73, 6, 20-33.<br />

British Army 1994. Field Manual: Wider Peacekeeping, Fourth Draft, London.<br />

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and CIVPOL," in Holm and Eide, op. cit., 43-68.<br />

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Polity Press.<br />

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DC and London: BASIC.<br />

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Frank Cass.<br />

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Sharp, Jane 2000. Evidence to Foreign Affairs Committee. Fourth Report on Kosovo. Vol. II, London:<br />

House of Commons.<br />

Stewart, R. 1993. Broken Lives: A Personal View of the Bosnian <strong>Conflict</strong>, London: Harper Collins.<br />

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United Nations 1999b. Report Of The Independent Inquiry Into The Actions Of The United Nations<br />

During The 1994 Genocide In Rwanda, New York: United Nations.<br />

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All Their Aspects, Doc A / 55 / 305; S / 2000 / 809, New York: United Nation.<br />

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